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1.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 78(6): 399-402, Dec. 2018. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-976137

ABSTRACT

Se denomina trans-varón (TV) a una persona de sexo biológico femenino con identidad de género masculino. Para adquirir caracteres sexuales y expresar un rol social semejante podría utilizarse: terapia hormonal cruzada (THC) y/o genitoplastia masculinizante. Se evaluó el perfil de seguridad a corto plazo (primer año) de la THC con las distintas formas farmacéuticas de testosterona disponibles en nuestro país. El estudio se realizó de manera retrospectiva, analizando las historias clínicas de 30 pacientes trans-varón que cumplían con los requisitos para ser incluidos. La edad media de la población fue de 27 años. La media basal de testosterona fue de 0.43 ng/ml, que luego aumentó a 6.36 ng/ml (valores normales para sexo masculino). El hematocrito incrementó de su valor basal 40.0 a 45.2% (p < 0.01) mientras la Hb de 13.6 a 15.2 g/dl (p < 0.01). El colesterol total se mantuvo estable con valores de 175 y 185 mg/dl (p = 0.81). No hubo cambios significativos en triglicéridos: 88.3 y 102 mg/dl (p = 0.08). El colesterol LDL incrementó en los primeros 6 a 12 meses de THC de 101.2 a 112.5 mg/dl (p = 0.17). A los 12 meses los niveles de colesterol HDL aumentaron de 50.1 a 52.0 mg/ dl (p < 0.01). Las enzimas hepáticas se mantuvieron estables. No existen datos en nuestro país sobre seguridad de la testosterona en TV. No tuvimos necesidad de suspender la medicación por efectos no deseados en los parámetros estudiados.


A trans-male (TM) is a biologically female person with male gender identity who wishes to acquire male sexual characteristics and fulfil a male social role. To achieve that purpose, both cross-hormonal therapy (CHT) and surgical phalloplasty can be used. We evaluated the short term (12 months) safety profile of CHT using different forms of testosterone available for prescription in Argentina. In this retrospective study, we analyzed the medical history of 30 trans-male patients fitting the inclusion criteria. The mean age of the population was 27 years. The mean basal serum level of testosterone was 0.43 ng/ml, which increased to 6.36 ng/ml (male hormonal levels). The hematocrit increased from a baseline of 40.0 to 45.2% (p < 0.01) and hemoglobin increased from 13.6 to 15.2 g/dl (p < 0.01). Total cholesterol remained stable with values of 175 and 185 mg/dl (p = 0.81). There were no significant changes in serum triglycerides: 88.3 and 102 mg/dl (p = 0.08). LDL increased in the first 6 to 12 months of CHT from 101.2 to 112.5 mg/dl (p = 0.17). At 12 months HDL levels increased from 50.1 to 52 mg/dl (p < 0.01). Hepatic enzymes remained stable. There is no available data regarding safety of testosterone use in TM in our country. In no case did we need to suspend the medication due to unwanted effects.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Young Adult , Testosterone/therapeutic use , Transsexualism/drug therapy , Transgender Persons , Reference Values , Testosterone/blood , Time Factors , Transsexualism/blood , Triglycerides/blood , Cholesterol/blood , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Treatment Outcome , Statistics, Nonparametric
2.
Rev. bras. ginecol. obstet ; 40(5): 275-280, May 2018. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-958985

ABSTRACT

Abstract Gender incongruence is defined as a condition in which an individual self-identifies and desires to have physical characteristics and social roles that connote the opposite biological sex. Gender dysphoria is when an individual displays the anxiety and/or depression disorders that result from the incongruity between the gender identity and the biological sex. The gender affirmation process must be performed by a multidisciplinary team. The main goal of the hormone treatment is to start the development of male physical characteristics by means of testosterone administration that may be offered to transgender men who are 18 years old or over. The use of testosterone is usually well tolerated and improves the quality of life. However, there is still lack of evidence regarding the effects and risks of the long-term use of this hormone. Many different pharmacological formulations have been used in the transsexualization process. The most commonly used formulation is the intramuscular testosterone esters in a short-term release injection, followed by testosterone cypionate or testosterone enanthate. In the majority of testosterone therapy protocols, the male physical characteristics can be seen in almost all users after 6 months of therapy, and themaximum virilization effects are usually achieved after 3 to 5 years of regular use of the hormone. To minimize risks, plasmatic testosterone levels should be kept within male physiological ranges (300 to 1,000 ng/dl) during hormonal treatment. It is recommended that transgender men under androgen therapy be monitored every 3 months during the 1st year of treatment and then, every 6 to 12 months.


Resumo Incongruência de gênero é umacondição na qual o indivíduo se identifica, deseja viver e ser aceito como uma pessoa do gênero oposto ao designado por ocasião do nascimento. Na disforia de gênero o indivíduo manifesta ansiedade e sofrimento pelo desejo de viver e ser aceito como uma pessoa do gênero oposto ao designado ao nascimento. O processo transsexualizador requer trabalho em equipe multiprofissional. O objetivo do tratamento hormonal é induzir o aparecimento de características sexuais masculinas secundárias por meio da administração da testosterona em indivíduos com idade igual ou superior a 18 anos. O tratamento de estimulação androgênica costuma ser bem tolerado. Entretanto, ainda não existemevidências sobre os efeitos e riscos do uso da testosterona a longo prazo. Diferentes preparações farmacológicas da testosterona têm sido utilizadas. As mais utilizadas têm sido as injeções intramusculares de administração a curto prazo de ésteres, seguidas do cipionato de testosterona e do enantato de testosterona. Na maioria dos protocolos de tratamento observa-se o aparecimento de características corporais masculinas nos primeiros 6 meses, e a obtenção do máximo efeito da estimulação androgênica, após 3 a 5 anos de uso regular da testosterona. Recomenda-se a manutenção dos níveis plasmáticos de testosterona dentro dos limites fisiológicos para o sexo masculino (300 a 1.000 ng/dl), a fim de minimizar os riscos. A monitorização dos homens transgênero é recomendada a cada 3meses durante o primeiro ano de tratamento e a seguir, a cada 6 a 12 meses.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Testosterone/therapeutic use , Transsexualism/drug therapy , Practice Guidelines as Topic
5.
Trends psychiatry psychother. (Impr.) ; 39(1): 43-47, Jan.-Mar. 2017. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-846398

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction: Transsexualism (ICD-10) is a condition characterized by a strong and persistent dissociation with one's assigned gender. Sex reassignment surgery (SRS) and hormone therapy provide a means of allowing transsexual individuals to feel more congruent with their gender and have played a major role in treatment over the past 70 years. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) appears to play a key role in recovery from acute surgical trauma and environmentally mediated vulnerability to psychopathology. We hypothesize that BDNF may be a biomarker of alleviation of gender incongruence suffering. Objectives: To measure preoperative and postoperative serum BDNF levels in transsexual individuals as a biomarker of alleviation of stress related to gender incongruence after SRS. Methods: Thirty-two male-to-female transsexual people who underwent both surgery and hormonal treatment were selected from our initial sample. BDNF serum levels were assessed before and after SRS with sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The time elapsed between the pre-SRS and post-SRS blood collections was also measured. Results: No significant difference was found in pre-SRS or post-SRS BDNF levels or with relation to the time elapsed after SRS when BDNF levels were measured. Conclusion: Alleviation of the suffering related to gender incongruence after SRS cannot be assessed by BDNF alone. Surgical solutions may not provide a quick fix for psychological distress associated with transsexualism and SRS may serve as one step toward, rather than as the conclusion of, construction of a person's gender identity.


Resumo Introdução: O transexualismo (CID-10) é uma condição caracterizada por forte e persistente dissociação com o gênero atribuído. A cirurgia de redesignação sexual (CRS) e a terapia hormonal (TH) permitem que indivíduos transexuais se sintam mais congruentes com seu gênero e, por isso, têm desempenhado papel importante nos últimos 70 anos. O fator neurotrófico derivado do cérebro (BDNF) parece desempenhar um papel fundamental na recuperação do trauma cirúrgico agudo e vulnerabilidade ambiental à psicopatologia. Nós hipotetizamos que o BDNF pode ser um biomarcador de alívio do sofrimento de incongruência de gênero pós-CRS. Objetivos: Mensurar os níveis séricos de BDNF no pré e pós-operatório em indivíduos transexuais como biomarcador de alívio de estresse relacionado à incongruência de gênero após a CRS. Métodos: Trinta e duas pessoas transexuais masculino para feminino submetidas a cirurgia e tratamento hormonal foram selecionadas de nossa amostra inicial. O nível sérico de BDNF foi avaliado antes e depois da CRS pela técnica ELISA. O tempo decorrido entre as coletas de sangue pré e pós-CRS foi medido. Resultados: Não houve diferença significativa nos níveis de BDNF pré e pós-CRS ou em relação ao tempo decorrido entre a CRS e a coleta. Conclusão: O alívio do sofrimento relacionado à incongruência de gênero pós-CRS não pode ser avaliado apenas pelo BDNF. Soluções cirúrgicas podem não fornecer uma solução rápida para o sofrimento associado ao transexualismo, e a CRS pode servir como um passo em direção à, em vez de conclusão da, construção da identidade de gênero de uma pessoa.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Stress, Psychological/blood , Transsexualism/blood , Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/blood , Sex Reassignment Surgery , Gender Dysphoria/blood , Postoperative Period , Transsexualism/surgery , Transsexualism/psychology , Transsexualism/drug therapy , Blood Chemical Analysis , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Biomarkers/blood , HIV Infections/complications , HIV Infections/blood , Prospective Studies , Treatment Outcome , Hormone Replacement Therapy , Preoperative Period , Gender Dysphoria/surgery , Gender Dysphoria/psychology , Gender Dysphoria/drug therapy
6.
Sex., salud soc. (Rio J.) ; (23): 162-186, mayo-ago. 2016.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-795150

ABSTRACT

Resumo O texto tem como proposta refletir sobre os usos do hormônio testosterona entre os homens transexuais, tendo como ponto central a relação com o cuidado em saúde. O objetivo é entender, a partir do uso de fármacos a base de testosterona, como eles transversalizam, interagem e reiteram os processos de construção do que se designa transexual masculino, suas diferentes experiências e narrativas e a relação com o cuidado em saúde, seja no âmbito do serviço de referência no atendimento aos transexuais, seja nas experiências em outros serviços privados, e/ou nas vivências cotidianas experimentadas pelos homens transexuais em diferentes espaços sociais. As discussões são baseadas em seis relatos de homens transexuais na cidade do Rio de Janeiro.


Abstract This paper discusses the uses of testosterone among transsexual men and its relation to healthcare. It addresses how the use of testosterone-based drugs crisscross, interact and reiterate the processes of construction of the subjects designated as transsexual men. It analyses trans men's experiences and narratives, as well as their view of healthcare, both in trans-specific healthcare clinics and in everyday experiences in other social realms. The discussion is based on interviews with six transsexual men in the city of Rio de Janeiro.


Resumen Este artículo se propone reflexionar sobre el uso de la hormona testosterona entre hombres transexuales, teniendo como punto central la relación con el cuidado sanitario. Tiene como objetivo entender, a partir del uso de fármacos a base de testosterona, cómo éstos transversalizan, interactúan y reiteran los procesos de construcción de lo que se designa como transexual masculino, sus diversas experiencias y narrativas, así como su relación con el cuidado sanitario, sea en el ámbito del servicio específico de referencia de atención a transexuales, sea en las experiencias en otros servicios privados, y /o en las vivencias cotidianas experimentadas por hombres transexuales en diferentes espacios sociales. Las discusiones se basan en seis relatos de hombres transexuales en la ciudad de Río de Janeiro.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Testosterone/pharmacology , Transsexualism/drug therapy , Transgender Persons , Health Services for Transgender Persons , Life Change Events , Unified Health System , Brazil , Public Health , Delivery of Health Care , Personal Narrative
7.
Rev. chil. endocrinol. diabetes ; 9(2): 58-64, 2016. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-831347

ABSTRACT

Endocrinology step of transgender readjustment therapy is made according to previously published in the part 1 of article: “gender identity disorder in rev. chil. endocrinol. diabetes 2015, 8 (4): 167-173.During started puberty in Tanner stage 2-3, the persistence of the experience that their identity male or female gender is not coherent with its bodily, authorize to start the endocrinological therapy, as an important step of body readjusting. In the process of transition from male to female or female to male, should stop pubertal development, what we do with GNRH analogues: intramuscle leuprolideor triptorelin 11.25 mg. every 12 weeks or with medroxyprogesterone acetate 150 mg. monthly. This process continues until 16 years, adding antiandrogen, preferably spironolactone in the process of body readjusting of male to female. At 16 years old, starts the cross hormonal therapy to masculinizing or feminizing. Maintaining gonadotrophin suppression, female to male, testosterone undecanoate or other injectable testosterone esters is administered, customizing the date of administration and inMale to female, daily use of oral estradiol valerate or transdermal gel. Plasma levels of estradiol andtestosterone should not be located in high or supraphysiological range to avoid thromboembolism or polycythemia risk in those who receive testosterone. Should to be explained the time to obtain the bodily effects, achieving a realistic attitude of the goals and the need for regular checks. Attendance to emotional changes, mainly to meet the social gender role. The laboratory, metabolic, hormonal, hemogram and electrolytic changes are evaluated. To be indicated bone densitometry and study images of internal genitals and breasts are necesary...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Adult , Female , Child , Hormones/therapeutic use , Postoperative Care , Transsexualism/drug therapy , Sexual and Gender Disorders/drug therapy , Sex Reassignment Surgery
8.
Rev. chil. neuropsicol. (En línea) ; 6(1): 34-41, jul. 2011. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-609935

ABSTRACT

Las funciones cognitivas, como el aprendizaje, la memoria y las funciones ejecutivas, son afectadas por las hormonas esteroides sexuales. El objetivo fue evaluar el perfil cognoscitivo en personas transexuales hombre a mujer (TH-M) en presencia y ausencia de tratamiento hormonal con estrógenos. Participaron un total de 54 sujetos. El grupo experimental fue de 22 pacientes TH-M, dividido en dos grupos: con tratamiento hormonal (n=9) y sin tratamiento hormonal (n=13). El grupo control fue conformado por hombres (n=16) y mujeres (n=16), pareados en edad y escolaridad. Evaluados con la batería NEUROPSI: Atención y Memoria (Ostrosky-Solís, Gómez, Matute, Roselli, Ardila & Pineda, 2003). Los grupos transexuales tuvieron mejores puntajes que los controles en atención inmediata y en formación de categorías, pero mostraron menores puntajes que los controles en codificación de material visoespacial y de caras, en memoria verbal inmediata y evocada. Se encontraron correlaciones negativas entre meses de tratamiento y la codificación visoespacial, memoria para caras y memoria verbal. Los resultados sugieren que las hormonas sexuales tienen efectos organizadores y activadores sobre la cognición.


Mental functions, including learning, executive functions and memory, are susceptible to be affected by sexual steroids hormones. The objective was to evaluate the cognitive profile of transsexual’s male to female (TM-F) in presence and absence of hormonal treatment with estrogens. A total of 54 subjects participated. The experimental group was conformed by 22 patients in condition transsexual male to female, divided in two groups: with hormonal treatment (n=9) and without hormonal treatment (n=13). The control group was conformed by heterosexual men (n=16) and women (n=16) paired in age and schooling to the experimental group. Subjects were evaluated by a comprehensive neuropsychological battery, NEUROPSI: Attention and Memory (Ostrosky-Solís, Gómez, Matute, Roselli, Ardila & Pineda, 2003). Transsexual’s groups performed better than controls in immediate attention, category formation, but worse than controls in visuospatial codification, faces, recall and immediate verbal memory. Negative correlations were founded between treatment months in visuospatial codification, faces, and verbal memory.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Cognition , Executive Function , Estrogens/administration & dosage , Transsexualism/psychology , Transsexualism/drug therapy , Learning , Case-Control Studies , Estrogens/adverse effects , Feminization , Memory , Neuropsychological Tests , Sex Reassignment Procedures
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