ABSTRACT
Pleural empyema formation is one of the potential complications of lower respiratory tract infections and it is characterized by bacterial organisms seen on gram stain or the aspiration of pus on thoracentesis. Very rarely empyema can be caused by trichomonas species, of which Trichomonas Tenax appears to be the most common cause. In this article we report the case of a 51-year-old man who developed a pleural empyema caused by trichomonas, and review the available literature of this rare infection of unknown incidence and uncertain pathogenetic significance. Our patient was treated with metronidazole, however complete cure was not achieved and pulmonary decortication was necessary for the successful outcome. As far as we know, this is the first case of pleural empyema caused by trichomonas reported in Chile.
La formación de un empiema pleural es una de las potenciales complicaciones de las infecciones de la vía aérea inferior, y se caracteriza por la observación de bacterias en la tinción de Gram, o la aspiración de pus en la toracocentesis. Muy infrecuentemente el empiema puede ser causado por alguna de las especies de tricomonas, de las cuales Trichomonas Tenax parece ser la causa más común. En este artículo, reportamos el caso de un hombre de 51 años que desarrolló un empiema pleural causado por tricomonas, y revisamos la literatura disponible de esta rara infección, de incidencia desconocida, y significancia patogénica incierta. Nuestro paciente fue tratado con metronidazol, observándose sólo una respuesta parcial, necesitándose decorticación pulmonar para una recuperación completa. Hasta donde sabemos, este es el primer caso de empiema pleural causado por tricomonas reportado en Chile.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Empyema, Pleural/etiology , Empyema, Pleural/therapy , Trichomonas Infections/complications , Trichomonas Infections/therapy , Antitrichomonal Agents/therapeutic use , Drainage , Empyema, Pleural/surgery , Empyema, Pleural/parasitology , Empyema, Pleural/drug therapy , Metronidazole/therapeutic use , Thoracostomy , Trichomonas Infections/surgery , Trichomonas Infections/drug therapyABSTRACT
According to the statistics provided by the World Health Organization [WHO], about 80% of the world population nowadays uses herbal drugs for treatment of diseases. Natural products obtained from medicinal plants, serve as a great source for drug production and are the main basis of new drug compounds. Unicellular organisms [Protozoa] are the cause of deaths and spread of diseases in various societies, especially in developing countries. There are anti-malaria herbal dugs produced from various medicinal plants, some of which are used for treatment of the disease and some under study. The first anti-malaria drug was quinine, produced from bark of the Cinchona tree. Recently, the drug artemisinin has been introduced by Chinese scientists for the treatment of malaria and is currently used extensively. Coetaneous leishmaniosis [salak] is one of the endemic diseases in most parts of Iran. Common drugs used against leishmaniosis [such as glucantim], have severe side-effects and in 10 to 25% of cases, there is a recurrence of the disease. Emetine is one of the drugs obtained from a root of the plant Ipecac, which is used for treatment of the disease sub-cutaneously. Giardiasis is an acute protozoan infection usually with no clinical symptoms, however, may appear as acute or chronic diarrhea. According to the announcement of WHO, more than 2/3 of the world's population is infected with intestinal parasites and the prevalence of giardia is higher than other intestinal parasites. Herbal drugs, such as wild garlic, eucalyptus and thyme, are some of the major plants which can annihilate the giarda cysts. Annually, 75000 to 100000 people die of amebiasis [dysentery] worldwide. Due to the motility of the organism, it causes sever pathological changes and sometimes colon ulcers, and if entered into the blood stream, it may appear as liver or brain abscess. Medicinal plants such as ipecac, mango, and papaya tree are some of the anti-amebic [Entamoeba histolytic] plants. Trichomoniasis is a protozoal urogentital infection in men and women transmitted through sexual intercourse. The most effective drug against trichomona is metronidazole, albeit, there are several reports on its side effects and its spread of resistance. Medicinal plants, such as Myrtle and Lavender are among the main plants whose extracts and essence are effective against Trichomonas vaginalis
Subject(s)
Antiprotozoal Agents , Malaria/therapy , Leishmaniasis/therapy , Trichomonas Infections/therapy , Giardiasis/therapy , Amebiasis/therapy , Cinchona , Garlic , Thymus Plant , Myrtus , LavandulaABSTRACT
Las trichomonas vaginales fueron descritas por primera vez por Donné en 1836, pero no es hasta 1950 que es relacionada con las enfermedades de transmisión sexual. Trichomonas vaginalis es el más sencillo de todos los parásitos protozoos. Sólo existe en forma de trofozoito. Es unicelular y cosmopolita y se localiza en el tracto genitourinario de la mujer y el hombre. Según la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) se tiene un estimado anual de 180 000000 de personas afectadas en el planeta. Se asocia con cervicitis, colpitis, enfermedad inflamatoria pélvica y uretritis. Además de haberse encontrado relación con resultados perinatales desfavorables como: bajo peso al nacer, parto pretermino y sepsis perinatal. Otro aspecto de interes es su asociación con otras enfermedades de transmisión sexual, como las moniliasis, las vaginosis bacterianas, infecciones por HPV, VIH SIDA y papiloma virus. Muchos han sido los medios de diagnóstico utilizados para este protozoos desde las escuelas que la diagnóstican y tratan por la clínica hasta otro que han ido mas allá de los medios convencionales de diagnóstico y han creado clip de diagnósticos rápidos. Igualmente se han probado varios tipos de tratamientos, pero los que mejor resultados han dado son los que se logran con tratamientos con los 5 imidazoles; no obstante, hay ya evidencias que reportan pobres resultados perinatológicos en los casos que se trata la entidad, sobre todo si es en las formas asintomáticas
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Sexually Transmitted Diseases , Trichomonas vaginalis/pathogenicity , Trichomonas Infections/diagnosis , Trichomonas Infections/epidemiology , Trichomonas Infections/therapy , Trichomonas Infections/transmission , Nitroimidazoles/administration & dosage , Diagnostic Techniques and ProceduresSubject(s)
Humans , Pediatrics , Sexually Transmitted Diseases/prevention & control , Chancroid/etiology , Gonorrhea/therapy , Vaginosis, Bacterial/therapy , Granuloma Inguinale/therapy , Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal/therapy , Ureaplasma Infections/therapy , Lymphogranuloma Venereum/therapy , Syphilis, Latent , Syphilis/therapy , Syphilis/transmission , Trichomonas Infections/therapyABSTRACT
Cinco touros, naturalmente infectados com Trichomonas foetus, cada um pesando 800 kg e com idade entre seis e oito anos, foram tratados, por via intravenosa, com uma única aplicaçäo de benzoilnitroimidazole a 50 mg/kg e diluídos em três litros de soluçäo de 20 por cento de DMSO. A pesquisa microscópica a fresco e o cultivo microbiológico do protozoário revelaram-se negativos às 24 horas e 12 semanas pós-tratamento. Os touros tratados emprenharam fêmeas que levaram a gestaçäo a termo. O êxito obtido nesse procedimento terapêutico pode representar, a campo, praticidade no controle de trichomoniase bovina