Intradermorreacciones y su aplicación: revisión bibliográfica / Skin and its application: literature review

Las intradermorreacciones consisten en la aplicación intradérmica de una sustancia conocida con la finalidad de evaluar la hipersensibilidad retardada (HSR). Se utilizan con fines diagnósticos y pronósticos en algunas enfermedades. En esta revision se identifican las características relevantes de estas pruebas

Study of griseofulvin effects on the expression of ATPase-subunit G gene in dermatophyte pathogen Trichophyton rubrum

Trichophyton rubrum is one of the anthropophilic dermatophytes with worldwide distribution. This fungus is a common causative agents of Tinea cruris, Tinea corporis, Tinea pedis and tinea manuum. Several properties of this fungus have been studied so far; however few investigations were carried out in the field of molecular biology of this microorganism. The main goal of this survey was the evaluation of ATPase-subunit G gene expression of this fungus due to different amounts of griseofulvin. Serial dilutions of griseofulvin with fungal growth were prepared and compared with control. In this study, the control and griseofulvin-treated samples were micro scopically investigated and the RNAs were then extracted. Consequently RT-PCR was performed simultaneously in order to evaluate griseofulvin influence on ATPase-subunit G gene expression. It was indicated that the rate of shortened and twisted mycelia in 10 micro g/ml of griseofulvin was much higher than micro g/ml. Meanwhile, in micro g/ml of this drug there is an obvious up-regulation in ATPase-subunit G gene in comparison with 10 micro g/ml. It can be concluded that in certain amounts of griseofulvin, a significant increment in ATPase-subunit G gene expression as well as mycelial abnormalities could be occurred

clinical efficacy of QAC [micro 10 and Deconex 53 Plus] on contaminated dental instruments

[Micro 10] and [Deconex 53 plus] are current samples of new QAC generation. Although these compounds have been widely evaluated, there are still some doubts about their disinfecting power. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the clinical efficiency of Micro 10 and Deconex 53 plus. In this single blinded study, the microorganisms' suspension was prepared according to AOAC guidelines [containing standard and resistant pseudomonas aeruginosa, staphylococcus aureous, salmonella typhi muriom, bacillus subtillis, mycobacterium bovis, trichophyton menta grophit]. The instruments [syringes] were contaminated using a sampler and the above mentioned suspension. After cleaning and disinfecting the instruments according to manufacture's instructions, samples were collected for cultivation and incubation. The colony formation units were observed and data was analyzed using fisher's exact, chi square and Mann Whitney tests in order to identify the group differences and significance levels. Micro 10 5% and Deconex 53 plus 2% had similar bactericidal effect on pseudomonas aeruginosa, staphylococcus aureous, salmonella typhimuriom and fungicidal effect on trichopyton menta grophit with no significant difference compared to autoclave. However, in comparison with Deconex 53 plus 2% and autoclave, the Micro 10 5% showed significant effect against bacillus subtilis and mycobacterium bovis [P < 0.001]. Deconex 53 plus can be classified as an intermediate level disinfectant

Associacao entre reatividade a tricofitina, dermatofito isolado e grupo sanguineo ABO nas dermatofitoses / Association between reactivity the trichophytin, isolated dermatofito and blood group ABO in dermatofitoses

As dermatofitoses sao infeccoes causadas por fungos que parasitam a queratina da pele, pelos e unhas. A designacao dermatofito compreende tres generos de fungos: Trichophyton, Microsporum e Epidermophyton, com caracteristicas morfologicas, fisiologicas e antigenicas que os relaciona entre si. Os estudos envolvendo a parede celular dos dermatofitos tem demonstrado que os fungos T. mentagrophytes, T. rubrum e E. floccosum possuem glicoproteinas antigenicamente semelhantes ao isoantigeno A dos eritrocitos humanos, o que tornaria esses individuos mais suscetiveis ao desenvolvimento de dermatofitoses generalizadas e resistentes ao tratamento do que aqueles desprovidos desses antigenos. Neste estudo os autores investigaram uma possivel associacao entre dermatofitose, grupo sanguineo ABO e reatividade a tricofitina atraves de identificacao do grupo sanguineo e do subgrupo A1, avaliacao da resposta imune celular especifica e identificacao do dermatofito envolvido. Assim, 39 pacientes caucasoides com dermatofitose diagnosticados atraves de sinais clinicos e laboratoriais foram submetidos a tipagem sanguinea e ao teste da tricofitina. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que o fungo T. rubrum foi isolado de 83% dos pacientes e o teste da tricofitina (reacao de hipersensibilidade tardia - 48 horas) foi positivo em 10%. A presenca de reacao imediata a tricofitina (reacao de hipersensibilidade imediata - 30 minutos) foi verificada em 51% dos pacientes. A distribuicao do grupo sanguineo entre pacientes e o grupo controle foi respectivamente: O=41% x 50%; A= 38,5% x36,0; B= 13,0% x 11,0%; AB= 7,5% x 3,0%; sendo o subgrupo A1: 61,0% x 79,0%. A classificacao da micose em aguda e cronica levando-se em consideracao o tempo em que os pacientes apresentavam as manifestacoes clinicas, revelou que 64% apresentavam lesoes ha pelo menos 1 ano. Desses pacientes, 44% pertenciam ao grupo sanguineo A, sendo 73% do subgrupo A1, e 36% pertenciam ao grupo O. Em conjunto, os resultados obtidos se...

Cutaneous Immune Reactions to Trichophytin in Dermatophytosis / 대한의진균학회지

BACKGROUND: The cell mediate immunity is of importance for the development of host resistance to dermatophytic infection. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to estimate the clinical usefulness of purified trichophytin and to correlate cell mediate immunity to the clinical parameters of dermatophytosis, i. e. duration of infection, localization of infection and the type of dermatophyte involved. METHODS: For evaluation of cell mediate immunity in dermatophytosis, cutaneous immune reaction was measured in 102 patients with dermatophytosis (75 patients with chronic dermatophytosis and 27 patients with non-chronic dermatophytosis) by means of intradermal injection of purified trichophytin extracted from Trichophyton(T.) mentagrophytes. RESULTS: The results are summarized as follows: Patients with chronic dermatophytosis were positive in 10.7% of cases, while 51.9% of the patients with non-chronic dermatophytosis showed positive delayed cutaneous reactions (p<0.05). Of the dermatophytes isolated, 81.4% of the patients were chronically infected by T. rubrum. Delayed cutaneous reactions occured in infections with T. rubrum in only 17.1% of cases, but this difference was not statistically significant (p=0.06). Of the patients with tinea cruris, delayed cutaneous reactions were registered in 50%, but only in 15.1% those with tinea unguium (p<0.05). The significant difference in the rate of positivity in delayed reactions was not shown between the patients group with nail infection (15.1%) and the patients group without nail infection (28.6%). The rate of positivity in immediate and delayed reactions of the patients group in the multiple lesions (50%, 13.2%, respectively) was higher than that of the patients group in the single lesion (46.9%, 26.6%, respectively). CONCLUSION: The present study reinforced the hypothesis that susceptibility to chronic dermatophytosis is related to a lack of cell mediate immunity to the infectious agents and clinically, purified trichophytin is good for the evaluation of host sensitization to dermatophyte antigens as well as cell mediate immunity in dermatophytosis.

Dermatophytosis: association between ABO blood groups and reactivity to the trichophytin

The authors investigated the relationship between dermatophytosis and ABO blood groups through blood typing, identification of isolated dermatophytes and specific cellular immune response of 40 individuals carriers of this mycosis. They verified that the fungus Trichophyton rubrum, isolated from 54.5 percent of the patients, was more frequent in individuals belonging to blood group A. The cellular immune response, evaluated through the trichophytin antigen, was positive in 25 percent of the studied patients; the presence of immediate reactions (30 minutes) was verified in 35 percent. The blood group distribution among patients with dermatophytosis and control groups was, respectively: 47.5 percent X 36 percent in group A, 40 percent X 50 percent in group O, 12.5 percent X 11 percent in group B. Even though the authors have found a higher number of patients belonging to blood group A infected by T. rubrum, these results suggest that there is no statistical evidence that these individuals are more susceptible to dermatophytosis

Dermatophytosis: association between ABO blood groups and reactivity to the trichophytin / Dermatofitose: associação entre grupos sanguíneos ABO e reatividade à tricofitina

The authors investigated the relationship between dermatophytosis and ABO blood groups through blood typing, identification of isolated dermatophytes and specific cellular immune response of 40 individuals carriers of this mycosis. They verified that the fungus Trichophyton rubrum, isolated from 54.5 percent of the patients, was more frequent in individuals belonging to blood group A. The cellular immune response, evaluated through the trichophytin antigen, was positive in 25 percent of the studied patients; the presence of immediate reactions (30 minutes) was verified in 35 percent. The blood group distribution among patients with dermatophytosis and control groups was, respectively: 47.5 percent X 36 percent in group A, 40 percent X 50 percent in group O, 12.5 percent X 11 percent in group B. Even though the authors have found a higher number of patients belonging to blood group A infected by T. rubrum, these results suggest that there is no statistical evidence that these individuals are more susceptible to dermatophytosis

Os autores investigaram a relação entre dermatofitose e grupos sanguíneos ABO por meio da tipagem sanguínea, identificação de dermatófitos isolados e resposta imune celular específica de 40 indivíduos portadores dessa micose. Verificaram que o fungo Trichophyton rubrum, isolado de 54,5 por cento dos pacientes, era mais frequente em indivíduos pertencentes ao grupo sanguíneo A. A resposta imune celular, avaliada pelo antígeno tricofitina, foi positiva em 25 por cento dos pacientes estudados; a presença de reações imediatas (30 minutos) foi verificada em 35 por cento. A distribuição do grupo sanguíneo entre os pacientes com dermatofitose e grupos controle foi, respectivamente: 47,5 por cento X 36 por cento no grupo A, 40 por cento X 50 por cento no grupo O, 12,5 por cento X 11 por cento no grupo B. Mesmo que os autores encontraram um maior número de pacientes pertencentes ao grupo sanguíneo A infectado por T. rubrum, estes resultados sugerem que não há evidências estatísticas de que esses indivíduos sejam mais suscetíveis à dermatofitose

Imunologia das dermatofitoses / Immunology of dermatophytosis

Revisäo das respostas imunológicas na infecçäo por dematófitos, tanto no que se refere à imunidade mediada por células como à humoral. Discussäo quanto à inexistência de antígenos de dermatófitos padronizados e as dificuldades decorrentes deste fato

Obtención y aplicación de antigenos de dermatofitos / Obtention and application of antigens from dermatophytes

El objeto fue la obtención de antígenos de dermatología: Tricophyton rubrum, Tricophyton mentagrophytes y su mezcla así como la evaluación de su actividad biológica estudiando y relacionando en un grupo definido de pacientes, la reactividad citánea provocada con sus condiciones clínicas. Se estudiaron 75 individuos, de estos 54 presentaron patología micótica superficial y 21 pertenecieron al grupo control. En el grupo total los resultados de las pruebas intradérmicas fue del 87 por ciento de positividad para la tricofitina obtenida a partir del T.rubrum, similar al PPD con 84,22 por ciento , con la mezcla se obtuvo positividad en el 77,8 por ciento y la derivada de T.mentagrophytes de 57,4 por ciento . En el estudio del valor diagnóstico y con el propósito de determinar su exactitud y utilidad los resultados de cada prueba fueron comparados con el agente aislado

Contribuição ao estudo da reação à tricofitina nas dermatofitoses / Contribution to the study of the reaction to trichophyline in dermatophytoses

Os autores investigaram a competência imunológica específica de 31 indivíduos portadores de dermatofitose, utilizando o antígeno tricofitina. Destes, 54,8% mostraram-se reatores à fase tardia dessa prova (48 h) nas seguintes proporções: tinea inguinale, 75%; tinea pedis, 61,5%; tinea unguium, 50% e tinea corporis, 20%. 62,5% dos casos apresentaram positividade à fase imediata (30 m) da reação. A associação entre essas reações revelou que, embora a maioria dos pacientes com reação imediata positiva apresentasse negatividade à reação tardia, 20,8% apresentaram positividade para as duas fases da reação. Dos pacientes não reatores à fase tardia, oito foram submetidos a outros testes cutâneos: PPD, estreptoquinase, candidina, vacínia e DNCB, verificando-se imunidade celular conservada em 75% dos casos. Estes resultados sugerem que, quando da utilização dessa prova na avaliação imunológica de pacientes com dermatofitose, deve-se considerar o estado imune geral do paciente, a presença de hipersensibilidade imediata e a localização da infecção

The authors investigated the specific immunological competence of 31 patients with dermatophytosis using tricophytin antigen. Among them, 54.8% showed reaction to the delay phase (48 h) in the following proportions: tinea inguinale, 75%; tinea pedis, 61.5%; tinea unguium, 50% and tinea corporis, 20%. Other 62.5% showed positive result to the early phase (30 m). The association between these reactions revealed that, although the majority of cases with early positive reaction showed negativity to the delayed reaction, 20.8% presented positivity to both phases of the reaction. Out of the non-reactive patients to the delayed phase, 8 were submitted to the other cutaneous tests such as PPD, streptokinase, candidin, vaccinia and DNCB and showed preserved cellular immunity in 75%. These results suggest that, while using this reaction for immunological evaluation of patients with dermatophytosis, one should consider the overall immune status of the patient, the presence of early hypersensibility and the localization of the infection

Dermatofitides: estado atual dos conhecimentos / Dermatophytids: current status

Os autores apresentam um estudo retrospectivo de 58 pacientes com tinea pedis e dermatofítide de mäos. Neste grupo de pacientes, o fungo mais vezes isolado, dos pés, foi Trichophyton mentagrophytes (50 casos, 88,2%). A propósito do tema, fazem uma revisäo atualizada da bibliografia médica. Discute-se, em particular, o valor da intradermorreaçäo com tricofitina, como um dos critérios adotados para firmar o diagnóstico de mícide. É dada ênfase a necessidade de se obter antígeno purificado, para se poder valorizar a prática do teste

Paracoccidioidomicose, a propósito de um caso / Paracoccidioidomycosis: a case report with special reference to immunopathology

O autor apresenta um caso clínico de paracoccidioidomicose e levanta bibliografia ccorrelata, enfocando a imunopatologia

A Mycological and Immunologic Study of Patients with Concurrent Superficial Fungal Infections / 대한피부과학회지

This study was to investigate the relationship between the causative strains and lesional sites and to detect the status of cell mediated immunity in the patients with concurrent fungal infections. The authors performed mycological and immunologic studies on 32 patients with concurrent fungal infections who had visited the dermatologic clinic of Soonchunhyang University HospitaI from July 1982 to June 1983. The results were summarized as follows: It was 18 cases that had the positive cultures in all the lesion sites. Among them 12 cases obtained the same causative strains in all lesions of each patierit. The cultured dermatophytes were Trichophyton rubrum, 10 stains, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, 2 strains. 2. Positive inrnediate hypersitivity reaction was observed only in patients with concurrent fungal infection by trichophytin (87. 5%). 3. For the delayed hypersensitivity reaction, the mean skin reaction scores to PPD, candidin, trichophtin were l. 58, 2. 78, 0. 66 respectively in 32 patients with concurrent fungal infection and 1. 89, 2. 47, l. 50 respectively in 17 controls, but the statistically significancies were only in trichophytin (p<0. 05). 4. The mean percentage of total and active T cell counts in peripheraJ blood were 55. 2%, 23. 9% respectively in 18patients, and 64,0%, 29. 8% in controls(p<0. 05). There was a significant decrease of T-cell count in patients with concurrent fungal infections.

A Study on the Cell-Mediated Immunity of Patients with Vitiligo / 대한피부과학회지

The pathogenesis of vitiligo has not been fully elucidated, but three different hypothese have been advanced to explain the cause of vitiligo. One is related to autoimmunity, another concerns neurohumoral factors and the third involves self-destruction of melanocytes. The autoimmune theory of vitiligo is further strengthened by the increased association of vitiligo with a nurnber of autoimmune disorders and by the increased prevalence of organ-specific autoantibodies in vitiligo. Also decreased T lymphocytes in vitiligo patients were reported. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the cell mediated immune status of patients with vitiligo using several in vitro and in vivo immune parameters. Thirty patients between the ages of 12 and 65 were observed at the Department of Dermatology of Ewha Womans University Hospital from Apri11981 through October 1981. Age matched 30 healthy persons comprised the control group. The results were summarized as follow: 1) The mean percentage of T lymphocytes in 30 vitiligo subjects and 30 control subjects were 55.3% and 67.4% respectively. There was a significant decrease of T lymphocytes in patients with vitiligo(p<0.05). 2) The percentage of subjects showing positive delayed hypersensitivity reactions to candidin, trichophytin and PPD were 33.3%, 43%, 50% respectively in 30 vitiligo patients and 60%, 75%, 80% respectively in 20 controls. A slight depression in delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity in gatients with vitiligo. (p<0.1). 3) The percentage of subjects showing positive sensitization with DNCB was 53% in 30 vitiligo patienta and 85% in 20 controls. A slight depression in DNCB sensitization was evident in vitiligo patients(p<0.1).