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1.
J. appl. oral sci ; 25(4): 427-435, July-Aug. 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-893635

ABSTRACT

Abstract The two-point discrimination (TPD) test is one of the most commonly used neurosensory tests to assess mechanoperception in the clinical settings. While there have been numerous studies of functional sensibility of the hand using TPD test, there have been relatively not enough reports on TPD in the orofacial region. Objective The aims of the present study were to determine the normal values of TPD in the six trigeminal sites (the forehead, cheek, mentum, upper lip, lower lip, and the tongue tip) and to investigate the effect of the site, sex, and test modality on the TPD perception. Material and Methods Forty healthy volunteers consisting of age-matched men (20) and women (20) with a mean age of 27.1 years were recruited. One examiner performed the TPD test using a simple hand-operated device, i.e., by drawing compass with a blunt or sharp-pointed tip. The static TPD with a blunt-pointed tip (STPDB), moving TPD with a blunt-pointed tip (MTPDB), and static TPD with a sharp-pointed tip (STPDS) were measured. The predictors were the site, sex, and test modality, and the outcome variable was the TPD value. Three-way ANOVA was used for statistics. Results The analysis showed a significant effect of the site, sex and test modality on the TPD values. Significant differences between the test sites were observed with the descending order from the forehead and cheek>mentum>upper lip and lower lip>tongue tip and index finger. Women showed lower TPD values than those of men. The STPDS measurements were consistently lower than those of the STPDB and MTPDB. Conclusions The normal values of TPD in this study suggest that the cheek and forehead were less sensitive than other regions evaluated and women were more sensitive than men. The STPDS was the most sensitive test modality.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Young Adult , Sensation/physiology , Trigeminal Nerve/physiology , Face/innervation , Mouth/innervation , Neurologic Examination/methods , Reference Standards , Reference Values , Skin Physiological Phenomena , Sex Factors , Analysis of Variance , Statistics, Nonparametric , Anatomic Landmarks/physiology
3.
Bauru; s.n; 2015. 80 p. graf, tab.
Thesis in English | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-880077

ABSTRACT

The present study aimed to estimate the reliability of the nociceptive blink reflex (nBR) and to evaluate the possible association between the nBR and various pain-related psychological measures: the Anxiety Sensitivity Index-3 (ASI-3), the Fear of Pain Questionnaire III (FPQ-III), the Pain Vigilance and Awareness Questionnaire (PVAQ), the Somatosensory Amplification Scale (SSAS), the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) and the Situational Pain Catastrophizing Scale (S-PCS). Twenty-one healthy participants were evaluated in two sessions. The nBR was elicited by a so-called "nociceptive-specific" electrode placed over the entry zone of the right supraorbital (V1R), infraorbital (V2R) and the mental (V3R) nerve and left infraorbital (V2L) nerve. The outcomes were: (a) individual electrical sensory (I0) and pain thresholds (IP); b) root mean square (RMS), area-under-thecurve (AUC) and onset latencies of R2 responses; and c) stimulus-evoked pain on a 0-10 numerical rating scale. The questionnaires ASI-3, FPQ-III, PVAQ, SSAS, PCS and S-PCS were also applied. Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICCs) and Kappa statistics were computed as a measure of the reliability (α=5%). Besides, Pearson correlation coefficient was used to associate the average of nBR measurements among all sites and the questionnaires. The significance level was set up after a Bonferroni correction (adjusted α=0.8%). ICCs were fair to excellent in 82% of the psychophysical measures and in 86% of V1R, V2R and V2L nBR parameters, whereas the V3R showed poor reliability in 52%. ICCs for intrarater reliability were fair to excellent in 70% of measurements (V3R showed the lowest values) and in 75% of interrater measurements. All kappa values showed at least fair agreement and the majority of the nBR measures (93%) were considered to have moderate to excellent reliability. There was no correlation for any pair of variables considering the adjusted significance level (p>0.008) and only a single significant correlation considering the standard significance level (p < 0.05), where the pain intensity (NRS) at 50% of IP presented a positive and small to moderate correlation with the PCS (r = 0.43, p = 0.047). The nBR and its associated psychophysical measures can be considered a sufficiently reliable test to assess the trigeminal nociceptive function. On the other hand, it seems not associated with psychological factors in healthy participants.


O presente estudo teve como objetivo estimar a confiabilidade do reflexo de piscar nociceptivo (nBR, sigla em inglês) e avaliar a possível associação entre o nBR e várias medidas psicológicas relacionadas à dor: o Anxiety Sensitivity Index-3 (ASI-3), o Fear of Pain Questionnaire III (FPQ-III), o Pain Vigilance and Awareness Questionnaire (PVAQ), o Somatosensory Amplification Scale (SSAS), o Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) e o Situational Pain Catastrophizing Scale (S-PCS) (siglas e nomes em inglês). Vinte e um participantes saudáveis foram avaliados em 2 sessões. O nBR foi estimulado por meio de um eletrodo "nociceptivo específico" posicionado na zona de entrada do nervo supraorbital direito (V1D, sigla em inglês), infraorbital direito (V2D) e esquerdo (V2E) e mentual direito (V3R). As variáveis analisadas foram: a) limar elétrico sensorial (I0) e doloroso (IP); b) raíz quadrática média (RMS, sigla em inglês), área sobre a curva (AUC, sigla em inglês) e as latências da respostas R2; e c) dor provocada pelo estímulo em uma escala numérica de O a 10. Os questionários ASI-3, FPQ-III, PVAQ, SSAS, PCS e S-PCS também foram aplicados. Coeficiente de Correlação Intraclasse (ICC, sigla em inglês) e estatística Kappa foram calculados como medidas da confiabilidade (α=5%). Além disso, coeficiente de correlação de Pearson foi usado para associar a média do nBR entre todos os sítios de avaliação e os questionários. O nível de significância foi ajustado após correção de Bonferroni (α ajustado=0.8%). ICCs foram razoáveis à excelentes em 82% das medidas psicofísicas e em 86% dos parâmetros do nBR em V1D, V2D e V2E, enquanto que 52% das medidas em V3D apresentaram pobre confiabilidade. ICCs para confiabilidade intra-examinador foram razoáveis à excelente em 70% das medições (V3D apresentou os menores valores) e em 75% das medidas inter-examinadores. Todos os coeficientes Kappa apresentaram pelo menos razoável concordância e a maioria das medidas do nBR (93%) foram consideradas moderadas à excelente em termos de confiabilidade. Não houve correlação para nenhum par de variáveis considerando os valores ajustados de significância (p>0,008) e somente foi constatada uma correlação significante considerando o nível de significância padrão (p<0,005), em que a intensidade de dor em 50% do IP apresentou uma correlação positiva entre pequena e moderada com o PCS. O nBR e suas medidas psicofísicas associadas pode ser considerado um teste com suficiente confiabilidade para avaliar a função nociceptiva trigeminal. Por outro lado, parece que o nBR não está associado com fatores psicológicos em participantes saudáveis.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Blinking/physiology , Myalgia/physiopathology , Myalgia/psychology , Pain Measurement/methods , Trigeminal Nerve/physiology , Analysis of Variance , Electromyography/methods , Observer Variation , Pain Threshold/physiology , Reference Values , Reproducibility of Results , Surveys and Questionnaires
4.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 72(7): 542-547, 07/2014. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-714585

ABSTRACT

We reviewed trigeminal nerve stimulation (TNS) and transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS). All techniques have shown preliminary promising results, although the results are mixed. Method: We performed a systematic review of the Medline and Embase databases, with no constraint to dates, through June 2013. The keywords were [(1) trigeminal nerve stimulation OR (2) cranial nerve OR (3) trigemin* OR (4) transcutaneous VNS OR (5) transcutaneous cranial nerve stimulation] and (6) mental disorders. Results: We included four preclinical and clinical five studies on TNS. All clinical data were based on open-label studies with small samples, which diminished the external validity of the results, thus reflecting the modest impact of TNS in current clinical practice. Of the tVNS clinical trials, three assessed physiological features in healthy volunteers, and one examined patients with epilepsy. Conclusion: TNS and tVNS improve treatment of particular neuropsychiatric disorders such as depression. .


O uso de estimulação de nervos cranianos de maneira transcutânea tem sido uma estratégia em desenvolvimento recente. Diferentes estudos apontam para resultados clínicos favoráveis no tratamento de diferentes quadros neuropsiquiátricos. Método: Revisão sistemática da literatura com base nas bibliotecas eletrônicas Medline e Embase, sem restrição de data inicial, até agosto de 2013. Os termos de busca utilizados foram [(1) trigeminal nerve stimulation OR (2) cranial nerve OR (3) trigemin* OR (4) transcutaneous VNS OR (5) transcutaneous cranial nerve stimulation] and (6) mental disorders. Resultados: Incluímos quatro estudos pré-clinicos e cinco estudos clínicos abordando estimulação do nervo trigêmeo. Todos os estudos foram abertos, com pequenas amostras, o que reduz a validade externa dos dados, refletindo a ainda incipiente atuação da técnica, apesar de promissora. Considerando-se a estimulação do nervo vago, três artigos avaliaram aspectos fisiológicos em voluntários saudáveis e um artigo estudou pacientes com epilepsia. Conclusão: As estratégias de estimulação transcutânea de nervos cranianos, apesar de incipiente, tem demonstrado resultados clínicos favoráveis no tratamento de distúrbios neuropsiquiátricos. .


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Nervous System Diseases/therapy , Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation/methods , Trigeminal Nerve/physiology , Vagus Nerve Stimulation/methods , Mental Disorders/therapy , Treatment Outcome
5.
Braz. j. morphol. sci ; 26(3/4): 187-192, July-Dec. 2009. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-644170

ABSTRACT

For this study we had 10 (ten) dead bodies of dogs bearing different constitutional types. The following procedure for fixation was done in each animal: on both sides, the common carotid artery was cannulated and a 10% formaldehyde solution was then stilled. After fixation, the heads were separated from the bodies and the dissection of the target-region was performed according to classical dissection protocols, which included the removal of the skin and muscle and nerve exposition plus a further magnifying glass-aided dissection of the trigeminal nerve [V]. This study aimed to describe the anatomy of the main trunk and branching of the trigeminal nerve [V] on mongrel dogs, compare its characterization to those described in human beings and to obtain, data that conclude whether structural or branching differences of this nerve are closely related to different constitutional types of mongrel dogs.


Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Celiac Artery/physiology , Lingual Nerve/anatomy & histology , Trigeminal Nerve/anatomy & histology , Trigeminal Nerve , Dissection , Mandibular Nerve , Maxillary Nerve , Trigeminal Nerve/physiology
6.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 59(1): 92-96, Mar. 2001. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-284245

ABSTRACT

Algometria de pressäo é uma técnica que mensura a fisiologia do sistema nociceptivo. Atuando diretamente sobre os nociceptores periféricos responsívos aos estímulos pressóricos esta técnica permite o estudo da integridade nociceptiva em indivíduos normais ou portadores de diferentes síndromes álgicas. Foram testados 29 voluntários assintomáticos em que pesquisamos os limiares de percepçäo dolorosa, mensurando-os de forma direta sobre a emergência dos nervos supra-orbital, infra-orbital, mental. Registramos os seguintes valores médios algométricos: nervo mental direito 46,2 Kg/cm² e esquerdo 48,6 Kg/cm²; nervo supra-orbital direito 47,7 Kg/cm² e esquerdo 45,2 Kg/cm²; nervo infra-orbital direito 53,9 Kg/cm² e esquerdo 55,4 Kg/cm². Após revisäo dos princípios de utilizaçäo da algometria, validamos este protocolo apresentando os valores médios obtidos pela mensuraçäo do sistema trigeminal comparando-os posteriormente com uma regiäo inervada pelos primeiros ramos cervicais (nervo occipital maior) e regiäo do músculo temporal


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Nociceptors/physiology , Pain Measurement/methods , Pain Threshold/physiology , Occipital Bone/innervation , Pressure , Temporal Muscle , Trigeminal Nerve/physiology
7.
Acta odontol. venez ; 37(2): 98-103, mayo-ago. 1999. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-288464

ABSTRACT

El objetivo principal de este trabajo consiste en presentar al lector una descripción de las técnicas de examen neurológico de los pares creneales que están en relación con el ejercicio de la odontología, como lo son el nervio oftálmico, trigémino, facial, glosofaríngeo, neumogástrico espinal e hipogloso


Subject(s)
Cranial Nerves/anatomy & histology , Cranial Nerves/physiology , Facial Nerve/anatomy & histology , Facial Nerve/physiology , Diagnosis, Oral/standards , Hypoglossal Nerve/anatomy & histology , Hypoglossal Nerve/physiology , Glossopharyngeal Nerve/anatomy & histology , Glossopharyngeal Nerve/physiology , Trigeminal Nerve/anatomy & histology , Trigeminal Nerve/physiology , Neurologic Examination , Olfactory Nerve/anatomy & histology , Olfactory Nerve/physiology
8.
Neurol India ; 1999 Jun; 47(2): 94-7
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-120969

ABSTRACT

Trigeminal evoked potentials (TEP) were recorded by electrical stimulation of the lips in 7 patients with symptomatic trigeminal neuralgia due to CT proved mass lesions involving the trigeminal nerve. All the patients showed TEP abnormalities on the affected side. Chronic compression and irritation of the trigeminal nerve may be responsible for these changes. The results obtained were compared with other similar studies and TEP abnormalities observed in idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia. As all the patients had unequivocal compression of the trigeminal nerve and all of them had TEP changes, it can be concluded that TEP abnormality is an accurate predictor of trigeminal nerve compression. TEPs may be a valuable aid in demonstrating a compressive element in patients with trigeminal neuralgia.


Subject(s)
Brain Neoplasms/complications , Electric Stimulation , Evoked Potentials/physiology , Female , Humans , Male , Trigeminal Nerve/physiology , Trigeminal Neuralgia/etiology
11.
An. otorrinolaringol. mex ; 40(4): 174-6, sept.-nov. 1995.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-174010

ABSTRACT

Para investigar sobre la participación del nervio trigémino y del músculo tensor del tímpano en el reflejo acústico humano se planteó un estudio prospectivo en once pacientes portadores de neuralgia del trigémino y programados para microcompresión del Ganglio de Gasser con balón percutáneo. Todos los pacientes presentaron estudios audiológico normales, incluyendo umbrales tonales, BéKésy, logoaudiometría, potenciales evocados y timpanograma, así como integridad del nervio facial detectada por clínica y por electroneuronografía. Los once pacientes presentaban ausencia del reflejo acústico. Seis meses después de la compresión del Ganglio de Gasser, tres pacientes presentaron reflejo acústico normal y en el resto permaneció ausente. Los ocho pacientes que no presentaron reflejo cursaron con paresia de músculos masticadores. Nuestros resultados parecen indicar que para la integridad del reflejo acústico es necesario tanto el sistema facial como el trigeminal. El reflejo acústico puede ser una prueba útil en el estudio de la neuralgia de trigémino


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Audiology , Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem/physiology , Trigeminal Ganglion/physiopathology , Trigeminal Nerve/physiology , Trigeminal Neuralgia/diagnosis , Ear, Middle/anatomy & histology , Reflex, Acoustic/physiology , Tensor Tympani/physiology , Acoustic Impedance Tests
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