Factors affecting efficacy of oral trimeprazine sedation for dental procedures in children: a retrospective study

To investigate the influence of factors such as age, gender and pre-operative behavior rating on the outcome of sedation using oral trimeprazine during dental treatment of children. Records of children who received dental treatment under sedation with oral trimeprazine between 2000 and 2007 were reviewed and the following data were obtained: age and weight of patient at the time of treatment, gender, behavior classification prior to sedation, dose of medication used, efficacy of sedation and treatment accomplished. Descriptive statistics, cross-tabulations and Chi[2] analysis were done. Forty-eight sedation sessions met the inclusive criteria for children whose mean age was 4.92 [SD 1.65, range 3.0-8.0] years and mean weight was 18.23 [SD 4.82, range: 12.0-31.0] kg. Overall, 54.2% [26/48] of the sedations were rated successful, 20.8% [10/48] were partially successful and 25.0% [12/48] not successful. Younger children 3-5 years, and those with only negative pre-operative behavior rating had more successful sedation sessions than older, 6-8 years or children with definitely negative pre-operative behavior rating [X[2] =8.165, p= .017] and [X[2] = 17.258, P= .001], respectively. Variables such as patient's age and pre-operative behavior but not gender and type of treatment could predict outcome of dental sedation using trimeprazine in children

Cinqüenta anos de medicamentos antipsicóticos em psiquiatria: I. fenotiazinas alifáticas / Fifty years of antipsychotic drugs in psychiatry: I. aliphatic phenothiazines

Na iminência de uma nova era na terapêutica psiquiátrica com a redescoberta da clozapina e a introduçäo de novos antipsicótivos atípicos, é feito um balanço sistemático das substâncias desenvolvidas nos últimos 50 anos, após breve histórico dos antecedentes e dos primórdios dos antipsicóticos tradicionais da era que se encerra. As substâncias introduzidas até o presente säo reunidas nos grupos químicos tradicionais - fenotiazinas (alifáticas, piperazínicas, piperidínicas e outros compostos näo-tioxantênicos com estrutura aparentada às fenotiazinas), tioxantenos, butirofenonas, difenilbutilpiperidinas, benzamidas, indóis, dibenzoxazepinas - e em grupos químicos mais recentes - dibenzodiazepinas, benzisoxazólicos, tienobenzodiazepinas, dibenzotiazepinas, benzisotiazólicos, didroindolonas, imidazolidinonas -, além de compostos ainda em desenvolvimento. Neste primeiro artigo de uma série com esta finalidade, säo examinados os derivados fenotiazínicos com cadeia lateral alifática, com utilidade na prática clínica ou de importância histórica: acepromazina, alimemazina, ciamemazina, clorpromazina, levomepromazina, metopromazina, promazina, prometazina e triflupromazina. Com base em bibliografia específica, säo discutidos aspectos técnicos e é revisado o conhecimento obtido através da experimentaçäo e da utilizaçäo clínica destes derivados, desde seu lançamento até a presente data, com informaçöes sistemáticas sobre sua fórmula estrutural, fórmula molecular, nomes químicos, nomes fantasia e códigos para cada composto, além de dados sobre eventual comercializaçäo no país

Behavioral changes of children after Vallergan R premedication

Forty healthy uncooperative patients were treated under Vallergan sedation [sedation group]. A maximum dose of 4 mg/kg was given two hours before treatment. Children were restrained in all cases. Parents were questioned about their children's behavioral changes after sedation for one week. A control group of 40 healthy manageable patients who received the same type of dental treatment were also included in this study. The responses showed that the sedation group experienced more negative behavioral changes with a statistical significance level of 1% [P <0.01]. The control group showed more positive changes, but not statistically significant [P <0.01]. Vallergan sedation did not cause any sort of illnesses, but caused prolonged sleep [>5 hours] when used in its maximum dose

Trimeprazine as oral premedication in children.

The effect of oral trimeprazine alone or in combination with either atropine or glycopyrrolate or pethidine as oral premedication in children was studied. The effects of different drug combinations were evaluated in respect of pre-operative sedation, salivary secretion, induction characteristic, postoperative sedation and postoperative vomiting. The study concludes that trimeprazine in combination with either atropine or glycopyrrolate is mostly effective, safe and satisfactory as oral premedication in children. Trimeprazine along with pethidine can be recommended for all purpose oral medication both in pre- and post-operative period.

Modification of radiation induced lipid peroxidation by calmodulin antagonists.

It has been shown that calmodulin antagonists provide radio-protection in euoxic and sensitization in hypoxic conditions. This differential protection in euoxic conditions might have arisen from the interaction of calmodulin antagonists with oxygen free radicals. This possibility has been tested in the present communication. Radiation induced lipid peroxidation process in liposomes has been used for this purpose. Liposomes prepared from L-alpha-lecithin were irradiated with or without calmodulin antagonists. Calmodulin antagonists inhibited lipid peroxidation significantly. The inhibition was found to increase with increase in concentration of the drugs. These observations suggest that calmodulin antagonists have a capacity to scavenge oxygen free radicals involved in initiation and/or propagation of lipid peroxidation process. This may be the reason for their differential radioprotection in euoxic conditions in biological systems.

A Clinical Effect of Ornade Spansule in Stress Incontinence / 대한비뇨기과학회지

There were 18 woman with mild to moderate stress incontinence treated with the Sympathomimetic agents, with were combined with phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride, chlorpheniramine maleate, and isopropamide. The majority of these patients achieved significant improvement for 2 months to 2 and half years after beginning therapy. These patients were performed physical examination, voiding cystourethrogram, stress test lateral-chain cystourethrogram, cystoscopy in order to confirm stress incontinence. We thinked that these conservative therapy were advisable for stress incontinence especially when symptoms were mild.

Clinical Experiences of Combid Spansule as a Preanesthetie Medicant ( 2,800 Cases Report ) / 대한마취과학회지

Combid is a compound of Compaxine, which is a phenothiazine derivative, and Darbid that is a long acting anticholinergic synthetic. This medicant was originally intended for use in physical and emotional peptic ulcer cases. Because of it's pharmacological action, writers decided to consider the medicant as a preanesthetic medication. From a record of 2800 patients in the hospital for the year 1975 was administered as a premedicant at random, even though some contraindication did occur and is discussed later in this article, the following results were observed. 1. Because of the characteristics of a long acting effect of Combid Spansule, it can be administered orally with sips of water, 2~3 hours prior to operation, eliminating needless preanesthetic shots, without affecting the N.P.O. rule. 2. Sedative and antisialogue effects of the drug have been also satisfactory, therefore it is recommended to use as a premedicant especially in Korea because ether is commonly used. 3. The drug has an additional antiemetic effect to prevent vomiting from ether anesthesia. 4. Some side effects were observed such as dry mouth, tachycardia, fever and extrapyramidal action that occur from overdosage. 5. The contraindications to be considered when using Combid Spansule as a premedicant include dehydration, fever, tachycardia and parkinsonism. 6. Please note the writers do not recommend this application for short procedure such as closed reduction of Colles fracture and simple spinal anesthesia due to the long lasting drying effect.