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1.
Braz. j. otorhinolaryngol. (Impr.) ; 83(1): 50-58, Jan.-Feb. 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-839402

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction The diagnosis of Eustachian tube dysfunctions is essential for better understanding of the pathogenesis of chronic otitis media. A series of tests to assess tube function are described in the literature; however, they are methodologically heterogeneous, with differences ranging from application protocols to standardization of tests and their results. Objective To evaluate the variation in middle ear pressure in patients with tympanic membrane retraction and in normal patients during tube function tests, as well as to evaluate intra-individual variation between these tests. Methods An observational, contemporary, cross-sectional study was conducted, in which the factor under study was the variation in middle ear pressure during tube function tests (Valsalva maneuver, sniff test, Toynbee maneuver) in healthy patients and in patients with mild and moderate/severe tympanic retraction. A total of 38 patients (76 ears) were included in the study. Patients underwent tube function tests at two different time points to determine pressure measurements after each maneuver. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software, version 18.0, considering p-values <0.05 as statistically significant. Results Mean (standard deviation) age was 11 (2.72) years; 55.3% of patients were male and 44.7% female. The prevalence of type A tympanogram was higher among participants with healthy ears and those with mild retraction, whereas type C tympanograms were more frequent in the moderate/severe retraction group. An increase in middle ear pressure was observed during the Valsalva maneuver at the first time point evaluated in all three groups of ears (p = 0.012). The variation in pressure was not significant either for the sniff test or for the Toynbee maneuver at the two time points evaluated (p ≥ 0.05). Agreement between measurements obtained at the two different time points was weak to moderate for all tests in all three groups of ears, and the variations in discrepancy between measurements were higher in ears with moderate/severe tympanic retraction. Conclusion In this study population, the mean pressure in the middle ear showed significant variation only during the Valsalva maneuver at the first time point evaluated in the three groups of ears. Normal ears and those with mild retraction behaved similarly in all tests. The tested maneuvers exhibited weak to moderate intra-individual variation, with the greatest variation occurring in ears with moderate/severe retraction.


Resumo Introdução O diagnóstico das disfunções da tuba auditiva é essencial para o melhor entendimento da patogênese da otite média crônica. A literatura descreve uma série de testes que avaliam a função tubária; contudo, tais exames são metodologicamente heterogêneos, com diferenças que variam desde os protocolos de aplicação até a padronização dos exames e seus resultados. Objetivo Avaliar a variação na pressão na orelha média em pacientes com retração da membrana timpânica e em indivíduos normais durante os testes de função tubária e também avaliar a variação intraindividual desses testes. Método Estudo observacional do tipo transversal e contemporâneo, no qual o fator em estudo foi a variação na pressão na orelha média durante os testes de função tubária (manobra de Valsalva, Sniff Test e manobra de Toynbee) em indivíduos normais e em pacientes com retrações timpânicas leves e moderadas/graves. Foram incluídos 38 pacientes (76 orelhas). Os pacientes foram submetidos, em dois momentos diferentes, a testes de função tubária para determinar as medidas de pressão após cada manobra. A análise estatística foi feita com o programa SPSS, versão 18.0, e consideramos como estatisticamente significativos os valores de p < 0,05. Resultados A média ± desvio padrão da idade foi de 11 ± 2,72 anos; 55,3% dos pacientes eram do gênero masculino e 44,7% do feminino. A prevalência de curvas timpanométricas do tipo A foi mais alta entre os participantes com orelhas normais e naqueles com retrações leves, enquanto as curvas timpanométricas do tipo C foram mais frequentes no grupo com retrações moderadas/graves. Observamos pressões aumentadas na orelha média durante a manobra de Valsalva no primeiro momento da avaliação nos três grupos de orelhas (p = 0,012). A variação na pressão não foi significativa para o Sniff Test, nem para a manobra de Toynbee nos dois momentos de avaliação (p ≥ 0,05). Consideramos que a concordância entre as determinações obtidas nos dois momentos diferentes foi fraca a moderada para todos os testes nos três grupos de orelhas e as variações em termos de discrepância entre as medidas foram maiores nas orelhas com retrações timpânicas moderadas/graves. Conclusão Na população estudada, a média das pressões na orelha média apresentou variação significante apenas durante a manobra de Valsalva no primeiro momento de avaliação, nos três grupos de orelhas. As orelhas normais e aquelas que apresentavam retração leve se comportaram de maneira similar nos testes. As manobras testadas exibiram uma variação intraindividual fraca a moderada e a maior variação ocorreu nas orelhas com retrações moderadas/graves.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Young Adult , Tympanic Membrane/abnormalities , Eustachian Tube/physiopathology , Tympanic Membrane/physiopathology , Severity of Illness Index , Case-Control Studies , Valsalva Maneuver , Cross-Sectional Studies , Eustachian Tube/physiology
2.
Rev. bras. otorrinolaringol ; 74(2): 248-252, mar.-abr. 2008. tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-484832

ABSTRACT

A timpanometria tem papel fundamental na identificação de alterações de orelha média, as quais são de grande ocorrência na população com fissura labiopalatina. OBJETIVO: Analisar de maneira retrospectiva os resultados dos exames otoscópicos e timpanométricos de lactentes com fissura labiopalatina não operados. Estudo retrospectivo. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Foram analisados 273 prontuários de lactentes, portadores de fissura labiopalatina, submetidos de março de 1996 a abril de 2002 a otoscopia pneumática e a timpanometria com a sonda 226Hz. RESULTADOS: Não foi encontrada significância estatística nos achados otoscópicos e timpanométricos considerando os gêneros e orelhas. Observou-se 84 por cento de alteração na otoscopia (opacificação/83,4 por cento, fluido visível na orelha média/1,5 por cento, imobilidade de membrana timpânica na insuflação/1,8 e retração/0,7) e 65 por cento nas curvas timpanométricas (B/38 por cento), A/36,5 por cento, As/21 por cento, C/4 por cento e Ad/0,5 por cento). CONCLUSÃO: Os lactentes portadores de fissura labiopalatina do gênero feminino e do masculino não diferiram nas curvas timpanométricas e nos achados otoscópicos. Todos os tipos de curvas timpanométricas estiveram presentes, sendo as do tipo B e A de maior ocorrência. A opacificação de membrana timpânica foi o achado otoscópico mais freqüente. A otoscopia pneumática identificou maior número de alteração que a timpanometria convencional.


Tympanometry plays a fundamental role in the identification of middle ear alterations, which are frequent in the population with cleft lip and palate. AIM: do a retrospective analysis of the otoscopy and tympanometric exams of infants with cleft lip and palate who were not operated. Retrospective study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: we analyzed 273 charts from infants with cleft lip and palate whom, from March 1996 to April of 2002 underwent pneumatic otoscopy and tympanometry with a 226 Hz probe. RESULTS: We did not find statistical significance in the otoscopic and tympanometric findings considering ears and genders. We observed 84 percent of alterations in otoscopy (opacification/83.4 percent, visible fluid in the middle ear /1.5 percent, the ear drum does not move during inflation /1.8 and retraction/0.7) and 65 percent in tympanometric curves (B/38 percent), A/36.5 percent, As/21 percent, C/4 percent and Ad/0.5 percent). CONCLUSION: female and male infants with cleft lip and palate did not differ as far as otoscopic and tympanometry findings are concerned. All types of tympanometric curves were present, and types A and B were the most frequent ones. Ear drum opacification was the most frequent otoscopic finding. Pneumatic otoscopy identified a larger number of alterations when compared to conventional tympanometry.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Cleft Lip/complications , Cleft Palate/complications , Hearing Disorders/diagnosis , Acoustic Impedance Tests , Audiometry , Chi-Square Distribution , Hearing Disorders/epidemiology , Otoscopy , Retrospective Studies , Sex Distribution , Tympanic Membrane/physiopathology
3.
In. Carreiräo, Sérgio; Lessa, Sergio; Zanini, Silvio A. Tratamento das fissuras labiopalatinas. Rio de Janeiro, Revinter, 2.ed; 1996. p.25-30, ilus. (BR).
Monography in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: lil-250470
4.
JPMA-Journal of Pakistan Medical Association. 1994; 44 (10): 235-237
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-33028

ABSTRACT

Peroperative findings in 145 consecutive cases of chronic suppurative otitis media, operated at Civil Hospital, Karachi were recorded. The mean age was 24 years. More than half of the patients [51%] had subtotal perforations and majority had damage of more than one ossicle. Involvement of all the three ossicles was seen in 30 [40%] cases. The frequency of damaged malleus alongwith incus was higher than other series. Granulations and subtotal perforations were commoner and could account for it. Extensive cholesteatoma was present in 30 cases


Subject(s)
Humans , Tympanic Membrane/physiopathology , Cholesteatoma/complications , Tympanic Membrane Perforation/etiology
5.
Acta AWHO ; 10(2): 61-6, mai.-ago. 1991. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-103038

ABSTRACT

Este estudo foi proposto para investigar a audiçäo do paciente com fissura pós-forame incisivo utilizando sua história clínica, o exame otorrinolaringológico e a Audiometria Tonal Liminar, comparando-os aos indivíduos näo-fissurados. Avaliou-se também a influência da cirurgia primária de palato sobre a audiçäo, através da comparaçäo dos achados audiométricos pré e pós-palatoplastia total. Os resultados indicaram diferenças significantes quanto à incidência e as médias dos limiares aéreos e ósseos para os fissurados em relaçäo aos näo-fissurados. O tipo de perda auditiva mais freqüente foi a condutiva. Opacificaçäo e a atrofia foram as alteraçöes otoscópicas mais observadas. Ocorreram diferenças significantes nas médias dos limiares audiométricos nas freqüências de 500 e 1000 Hz e nos limiares ósseos na freqüência de 1000 Hz para os fissurados oeprados em comparaçäo aos näo-operados


Subject(s)
Humans , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Cleft Palate/complications , Hearing Loss/complications , Analysis of Variance , Audiometry , Auditory Threshold , Chi-Square Distribution , Cleft Palate/surgery , Endoscopy , Hearing Loss/physiopathology , Tympanic Membrane/physiopathology , Postoperative Period , Preoperative Care
7.
Yonsei Medical Journal ; : 124-128, 1988.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-190446

ABSTRACT

lmpedance audiometry requires physical modifications during the test, which might influence retest data. Therefore, in Order to interprete retest data meaningfully, the range of variation should be identified in each measure of impedence audiometry. The present study obtained data on the retest variation of peak pressure, acoustic reflex threshold, static compliance and earcanal volume in impedance audiometry. ln addition, the authors wanted to know whether or not impedance data would assist otolaryngologists in the detection of conductive hearing impairment. The variation of the retest data was not clinically nor statistically significant in the measurement except for those of ear canal volume. The data on ear canal volume also suggested that the ear canal increases in size during the teenage period and that male ear canals are larger than those of females in ears over 20 years of age. The impedance data assisted the otolaryngologist in the detection of conductive hearing impairment


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Child , Child, Preschool , Humans , Acoustic Impedance Tests , Age Factors , Auditory Threshold/physiology , Comparative Study , Diagnostic Errors , Hearing Loss/diagnosis , Hearing Loss, Conductive/diagnosis , Middle Aged , Reflex, Acoustic , Sex Factors , Tympanic Membrane/physiopathology
8.
New Egyptian Journal of Medicine [The]. 1988; 2 (1): 287-9
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-11335

ABSTRACT

Thirty eight patients with tympanic membrane perforations of the pars tensa were treated by dissection of the edges of the perforation and separation of the layers of the tympanic membrane. Complete healing took place in thirty one ears.Central perforation of the tympanic membranes may follow acute of chronic suppurative otitis media, as well as after trauma to the ear. The five distinct layers of the pars tensa of the tympanic membrane from outward inward are:-the outer stratified squamous epithilium [epidermis], the fibrous tissue [dermis], the radial fibrous layer and the innermost mucous layer, Shambaugh, 1980].After perforations of the tympanic membrane a ring is formed all around the margin of the perforation as a result of inward creeping of the outer stratified squamous epithilium around the edge of the perforation preventing spontaneous closure. This ring acts as a mechanical barrier for the creeping of the tympanic membrane layers to close the perfoaration and also due to adhesions between the layers. The tempanic graft in simple myringoplasty acts as a scaffold for the epithilium spreading from the margin of the perforation and prevents inward growth of the epithilium through the perforatraon Wrigh [1956], obtained a good rate of tympanic membrane perforations by marginal acid cautary. Juers [1963] reported 88]percent closure of the tympanic membrane perforations with marginal eversion method. The present work was conducted in an attempt to study the effect of discussion and separation of layers at the margin of tympanic membrane perforations on healing


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Otitis Media/etiology , Tympanic Membrane/diagnosis , Tympanic Membrane/physiopathology
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