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1.
Hist. ciênc. saúde-Manguinhos ; 26(2): 445-464, abr.-jun. 2019. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1012202

ABSTRACT

Resumen Tras la Guerra Civil, las deficientes condiciones higiénico-dietéticas de gran parte de la población española favorecieron la aparición de enfermedades epidémicas. El tifus exantemático puso en jaque a las autoridades sanitarias, especialmente durante la primavera de 1941, cuando el ciclo epidemiológico de la enfermedad y la falta de infraestructuras se aliaron para provocar una grave crisis sanitaria. El régimen franquista, consciente de que esta situación dificultaba su legitimación, no dudó en utilizar la exclusión social como parte de su política sanitaria contra esta epidemia. El artículo analiza en profundidad el caso de Valencia, una ciudad que durante la guerra, por hallarse en la retaguardia republicana, había acogido sucesivas oleadas de refugiados a medida que avanzaban las tropas franquistas.


Abstract After the Spanish Civil War, poor hygiene and nutritional deficiencies among a large part of Spain's population contributed to the rise of epidemic diseases. Exanthematic typhus posed a challenge to the health authorities, especially during the spring of 1941, when the epidemiological cycle of the disease and the lack of infrastructures combined to create a serious health crisis. The Franco regime, aware that this situation posed a threat to its legitimacy, promptly used social exclusion as part of its health policy against the epidemic. This article provides an in-depth analysis of the case of Valencia, a city that was behind Republican lines during the war, and therefore received successive waves of refugees as Franco's troops advanced.


Subject(s)
Humans , History, 20th Century , Typhus, Epidemic Louse-Borne/history , Communicable Disease Control/history , Epidemics/history , Spain/epidemiology , Typhus, Epidemic Louse-Borne/prevention & control , Typhus, Epidemic Louse-Borne/epidemiology , Quarantine/history , Hygiene/history , Epidemics/prevention & control
2.
Hist. ciênc. saúde-Manguinhos ; 21(2): 687-708, apr-jun/2014. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-714657

ABSTRACT

Em períodos de crise sanitária grave como os de 1854-1856, 1899 e 1918, especialmente no Porto, onde cólera-morbo, peste bubónica, tifo exantemático, gripe pneumónica e varíola mataram percentagens elevadas da população, as imagens das epidemias na imprensa permitem-nos identificar os conhecimentos científicos num país considerado periférico, mas que dispunha de estudos e pessoal especializado no nível dos mais avançados da época. Uma base de dados de 6.700 notícias, artigos e anúncios revela-nos o conhecimento médico e farmacêutico da segunda metade do século XIX e início do XX, o modo como era transmitido e divulgado ao público e as soluções apresentadas pelas autoridades sanitárias. Um fator foi sempre salientado nas notícias e anúncios: a higiene.


In severe health crisis like those of 1854-1856, 1899 and 1918, especially in Porto, where cholera morbus, the bubonic plague, typhus fever, pneumonic influenza and smallpox killed high percentages of the population, the images of the epidemics in the press enable us to identify the scientific knowledge in a country considered peripheral, but which had studies and personnel specialized at the most advanced levels for the time. A database of 6,700 news items and announcements reveals the medical and pharmaceutical knowledge of the second half of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the way it was transmitted and disclosed to the public and the solutions offered by the health authorities. Hygiene was consistently highlighted in the news and announcements.


Subject(s)
History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , Humans , Epidemics/history , Newspapers as Topic/history , Cholera/epidemiology , Cholera/history , Influenza, Human/epidemiology , Influenza, Human/history , Portugal , Plague/epidemiology , Plague/history , Public Health/history , Smallpox/epidemiology , Smallpox/history , Typhus, Epidemic Louse-Borne/epidemiology , Typhus, Epidemic Louse-Borne/history
3.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Clín. Méd ; 7(4): 256-260, jul.-ago. 2009.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-522653

ABSTRACT

Justificativa e objetivos: Um crescente interesse em História da Medicina motivou uma investigação de cientistas brasileiros que tenham se destacado em pesquisas médicas. O objetivo do presente estudo foi descrever a história destes cientistas, que muito contribuíram para o conhecimento das riquetsioses. Conteúdo: Durante pesquisa a respeito da descoberta do agente causal do tifo exantemático, doença que por séculos dizimaram viajantes e populações aglomeradas de vilas e cidades europeias encontrou-se o nome de Henrique da Rocha Lima. Este brilhante cientista, além de descobrir o agente causal do tifo, revelou ao mundo um novo gênero de bactérias, as Rickettsias. No Brasil, uma riquetsiose adquiriu relevância epidemiológica a partir da década de 1920: a febre maculosa. Vários brasileiros se destacam em suas pesquisas, dentre eles Amílcar Viana Martins, Octávio de Magalhães e Jose Toledo Piza. Conclusão: Se atualmente há conhecimento e possibilidade de combater as riquetsioses, deve-se a estes pesquisadores, que com muito trabalho e dedicação desvendaram seus aspectos etiológicos, clínicos e fisiopatológicos.


Background and objectives: A special interest in History of Medicine led us to investigate the role of Brazilians who excelled in medical research. In the present study, we describe the contributions of such scientists in nriching the medical knowledge about rickettsiosis. Contents: We have found in the discovery of the causal agent of epidemic exanthematous typhus, a disease that for centuries afflicted travelers and overcrowded European cities and villages, the name of Henrique da Rocha Lima. This brilliant scientist, besides discovering the causal agent of epidemic exanthematous typhus, revealed to the world a new genus of bacteria, the rickettsia. In Brazil, a rickettsial disease acquired epidemiological relevance after the decade of 1920: the Brazilian spotted fever. Several outstanding researchers were involved in this pioneer research, especially Amílcar Viana Martins, Octávio de Magalhães and Jose Toledo Piza. Conclusion: If today we know about rickettsiosis and we can treat them, we owe this fact to these investigators who, with much work and dedication, solved its etiological, clinical and physiopatological aspects.


Subject(s)
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever/history , Rickettsia , Typhus, Epidemic Louse-Borne/history
6.
Korean Journal of Medical History ; : 1-12, 2003.
Article in Korean | WPRIM | ID: wpr-7424

ABSTRACT

Il Chun Yu was the first Korean microbiologist and the Korean student who studied in Germany He got the two doctor degree : one in Freiburg University of Germany in 1924 and the other Keio University of Japan in 1926 He became a professor of Kyungsung Medical Junior College in 1926 and as the first grade scholar in the Korean microbiology field He issued many essays in several mass communication media to cultivate people and played an important role in the field of health hygiene by contributing to the improvement of health hygiene.


Subject(s)
Germany , History, 20th Century , Hygiene/history , Korea , Microbiology/history , Typhus, Epidemic Louse-Borne/history
8.
Lima; IEP; 1997. 256 p. ilus.
Monography in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-199139

ABSTRACT

Estudia diversos aspectos desde la epidemia de peste que atacó Lima en 1903, hasta la del cólera de 1991. Se ocupa también de la historia de Manuel Nuñez Butrón, sanitarista puneño, recreando el impacto que tuvo la enfermedad colectiva en la sociedad peruana del siglo XX


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Cholera/prevention & control , History , Malaria/prevention & control , Medicine, Traditional , Plague/history , Public Health/history , Smallpox/history , Typhus, Epidemic Louse-Borne/history , Yellow Fever/history , Peru
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