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1.
Acta cir. bras ; 32(5): 325-333, May 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-837713

ABSTRACT

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the effects of enoxaparin and unfractionated heparin (UFH) administered in prophylactic and therapeutic doses on fetal vessels in healthy pregnant Wistar rats, according to Doppler velocimetry measurements. Methods: Fifty animals were assigned to one of five groups: controls (saline), prophylactic and therapeutic enoxaparin (1 and 2 mg/kg/day, respectively), and prophylactic and therapeutic UFH (72 and 400 UI/kg/day, respectively). Uterine horns were examined by ultrasound for identification of live fetuses. A sample of these fetuses underwent Doppler velocimetry. Spectral curves, peak systolic velocity (PSV), pulsatility index (PI), and resistance index (RI) of the middle cerebral artery, ductus venosus, and umbilical artery were investigated. Differences were considered statistically significant when p<0.05. Results: No significant differences in PSV, PI, or RI values were observed among the groups. Conclusion: Doppler velocimetry measurements revealed no significant effects of enoxaparin or unfractionated heparin on fetal vessels in pregnant Wistar rats.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Blood Flow Velocity/drug effects , Heparin/pharmacology , Enoxaparin/pharmacology , Middle Cerebral Artery/drug effects , Fetus/blood supply , Anticoagulants/pharmacology , Umbilical Arteries/physiopathology , Pregnancy , Weight Gain/drug effects , Ultrasonography, Prenatal/methods , Rats, Wistar , Echocardiography, Doppler, Pulsed/methods , Middle Cerebral Artery/physiopathology , Models, Animal , Uterine Artery/physiopathology
2.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 60(6): 585-590, Nov-Dec/2014. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-736320

ABSTRACT

Objective: to evaluate neonatal morbidity and mortality in monochorionic- -diamniotic (MCDA) twin pregnancies complicated by selective intrauterine growth restriction (sIUGR) and non-selective intrauterine growth resctriction (nsIUGR). Methods: neonatal morbidity parameters and mortality were analyzed in 34 twins with IUGR (< 10th percentile on twins’ growth charts): 18 with sIUGR and 16 with nsIUGR. The sIUGR group was made up of 18 pregnancies in which growth was restricted in only one fetus (n = 18). The nsIUGR group was composed of 8 pregnancies in which both fetuses presented restricted growth (n = 16). Cases of twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome and fetal malformation were not included in the study. Results: the MCDA twin pregnancies with sIUGR had a higher rate of orotracheal intubation (p = 0.001) and mechanical ventilation (p = 0.0006), as well as longer than average fasting time (p = 0.014) compared to those in which the fetuses had nsIUGR. A higher incidence was also observed of types II and III umbilical artery Doppler velocimetry patterns in the sIUGR cases (p = 0.002). There was no significant difference between the two groups as to mortality during pregnancy and the neonatal period (p = 0.09). Conclusion: in MCDA twin pregnancies, sIUGR presents more severe umbilical artery Doppler velocimetry abnormalities and worse morbidity than nsIUGR. .


Objetivo: avaliar a morbidade e mortalidade neonatal em gestações monocoriônicas e diamnióticas (MCDA) acometidas pela restrição de crescimento fetal seletiva (RCFS) e não seletiva (RCFNS). Métodos: os parâmetros de morbidade e mortalidade neonatais foram avaliados em 34 gêmeos com RCF (abaixo do percentil 10 de uma curva de crescimento para gêgêmeos): 18 com RCFS e 16 com RCFNS. O grupo com RCFS teve origem em 18 gestações, em que somente um feto apresentava RCF. O grupo com RCFNS teve origem em 8 gestações em que ambos os fetos apresentavam RCF. Foram excluídos deste estudo casos da síndrome da transfusão feto-fetal e malformações fetais. Resultados: os gêmeos de gestações MCDA com RCFS apresentaram maior frequência de entubação orotraqueal (p=0,001), ventilação mecânica (p=0,0006) e maior tempo em jejum durante internação (p=0,014), quando comparados aos gêmeos de gestações MCDA com RCFNS. No grupo com RCFS, também foram observados maior frequência de tipos II e III de dopplervelocimetria de artéria umbilical (p=0,002). Não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos quanto à mortalidade neonatal (p=0,09). Conclusão: em gestações gemelares MCDA, a RCFS representa maior frequência de alterações severas na velocimetria Doppler da artéria umbilical e piores resultados na morbidade neonatal. .


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , Pregnancy , Fetal Growth Retardation , Perinatal Mortality , Twins, Monozygotic/statistics & numerical data , Umbilical Arteries , Brazil/epidemiology , Cohort Studies , Fasting , Follow-Up Studies , Fetal Growth Retardation/epidemiology , Fetal Growth Retardation/mortality , Fetal Growth Retardation , Intubation, Intratracheal , Length of Stay , Laser-Doppler Flowmetry/methods , Morbidity , Pregnancy, Twin , Respiration, Artificial , Retrospective Studies , Umbilical Arteries/physiopathology , Umbilical Arteries
3.
Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol ; 79(5): 384-389, oct. 2014. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-729401

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Estudiar los resultados perinatales de fetos diagnosticados con flujo umbilical ausente en diástole en el Hospital Universitario de Canarias, España. Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo de gestantes con Doppler fetal umbilical con flujo diastólico ausente entre 2004 y 2011, excluyendo embarazos gemelares. Las variables estudiadas fueron: edad y enfermedades maternas, edad gestacional al diagnóstico y parto, vía de parto, Apgar y estado del recién nacido. Resultados: Se recogieron 57 casos. Hubo un 43 por ciento de gestantes hipertensas y 19 por ciento de diabéticas. La edad gestacional media al diagnóstico fue de 30+4 semanas. En el 89% de los casos se observó redistribución del flujo y en el 21 por ciento el Doppler umbilical fue reverso. El 28 por ciento se acompañó de oligoamnios y en el 26 por ciento el peso fetal estimado inferior al percentil 3. Hubo 3 muertes fetales. En el 80 por ciento de los casos la vía de parto fue por cesárea. La supervivencia fue del 83 por ciento con una tasa de mortalidad perinatal del 17 por ciento. En el seguimiento entre 1 y 6 años encontramos un 35 por ciento de niños sin secuelas. Conclusiones: En nuestra serie, el Doppler con flujo umbilical ausente en diástole se relaciona con alto riesgo de morbimortalidad perinatal. El 65 por ciento de los niños tendrán secuelas de algún tipo en el seguimiento entre 1 a 6 años. El momento óptimo para la extracción fetal debe ser individualizado y resuelto junto con el consejo pediátrico y participación de los padres.


Objective: To determine the perinatal outcome in fetal growth restriction were umbilical artery Doppler end diastolic flow was absent. Methods: A retrospective study performed at the Canary Islands University Hospital. All consecutive cases between 2004 and 2011 were included. We excluded twin pregnancies. Data was abstracted for maternal age, gestational age at diagnosis and delivery, mode of delivery, Apgar and perinatal adverse outcomes. Results: Fifty seven patients were included. Forty three percent had a pregnancy complicated by hypertension and 19 percent diabetes. Mean gestational age at diagnosis was 30+4 weeks. We found 89 percent and 21 percent absent umbilical artery end diastolic flow and reverse flow respectively. Oligohydramnios was seen in 28 percent of the cases. Fetal weight was below the third percentile in 26 percent of the cases. Fetal demise occurred in 3 cases. Mode of delivery was cesarean section in 80 percent of the cases. We found a rate of 17 percent perinatal mortality. At 1 to 6 years follow up 35 percent of the children had no sequelae. Conclusion: Absent end diastolic umbilical flow is associated with a high risk of perinatal mortality. Up to 65 percent of the children will show some type of sequelae. The optimal gestational date for fetal extraction should be individualized after multidisciplinary counseling.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Female , Umbilical Arteries/physiopathology , Fetus/blood supply , Fetal Growth Retardation/physiopathology , Fetal Mortality , Pregnancy Outcome , Prenatal Diagnosis , Pulsatile Flow , Regional Blood Flow , Retrospective Studies , Ultrasonography, Doppler
4.
Rev. bras. ginecol. obstet ; 35(2): 71-77, fev. 2013. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-666191

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Avaliar as características antropométricas, a morbidade e mortalidade de recém-nascidos (RN) prematuros nascidos vivos de mães hipertensas em função da presença ou não de diástole zero (DZ) ou reversa (DR) na doplervelocimetria arterial umbilical. MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo, envolvendo RN prematuros nascidos vivos de gestantes hipertensas, com idade gestacional entre 25 e 33 semanas, submetidas à doplervelocimetria da artéria umbilical nos 5 dias que antecederam o parto, realizado no Hospital do Distrito Federal, entre 1º de novembro de 2009 e 31 de outubro de 2010. Os RN foram estratificados em dois grupos, conforme o resultado da doplervelocimetria da artéria umbilical: Gdz/dr=presença de diástole zero (DZ) ou diástole reversa (DR) e Gn=doplervelocimetria normal. Medidas antropométricas ao nascimento, morbidades e mortalidade neonatal foram comparadas entre os dois grupos. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos 92 RN, assim distribuídos: Gdz/dr=52 RN e Gn=40 RN. No Gdz/dr a incidência de RN pequenos para idade gestacional foi significativamente maior, com risco relativo de 2,5 (IC95% 1,7‒3,7). No grupo Gdz/dr os RN permaneceram mais tempo em ventilação mecânica mediana 2 (0‒28) e no Gn mediana 0,5 (0‒25), p=0,03. A necessidade de oxigênio aos 28 dias de vida foi maior no Gdz/dr do que no Gn (33 versus10%; p=0,01). A mortalidade neonatal foi maior em Gdz/dr do que em Gn (36 versus 10%; p=0,03; com risco relativo de 1,6; IC95% 1,2 - 2,2). Nessa amostra a regressão logística mostrou que a cada 100 gramas a menos de peso ao nascer no Gdz/dr a chance de óbito aumentou 6,7 vezes (IC95% 2,0 - 11,3; p<0,01). CONCLUSÃO: Em RN prematuros de mães hipertensas com alteração na doplervelocimetria da artéria umbilical a restrição do crescimento intrauterino é frequente e o prognóstico neonatal pior, sendo elevado o risco de óbito relacionado ao peso ao nascimento.


PURPOSE: To evaluate the anthropometric characteristics of morbidity and mortality of premature newborns (NB) of hypertensive mothers according to the presence or absence of flow (DZ) or reverse (DR) diastolic flow in the dopplervelocimetry of the umbilical artery. METHODS: A prospective study was conducted on preterm newborns of pregnant women with hypertension between 25 and 33 weeks of gestational age, submitted to umbilical artery Doppler study during the five days before delivery. Delivery occurred at Hospital Regional da Asa Sul, Brasília - Federal District, between November 1st, 2009 and October 31st, 2010. The infants were stratified into two groups according to the results of Doppler velocimetry: Gdz/dr=absent end-diastolic velocity waveform or reversed end-diastolic velocity waveform, and Gn=normal Doppler velocimetry. Anthropometric measurements at birth, neonatal morbidity, and mortality were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: We studied 92 infants, as follows: Gdz/dr=52 infants and Gn=40 infants. In Gdz/dr, the incidence of infants small for gestational age was significantly greater, with a relative risk of 2.5 (95%CI 1.7 - 3.7). In Gdz/dr, infants remained on mechanical ventilation for a longer time: median 2 (0‒28) and Gn median 0.5 (0‒25) p=0.03. The need for oxygen at 28 days was higher in G dz/dr comparing to Gn (33 versus 10%; p=0.01). Neonatal mortality was higher in Gdz/dr compared to Gn (36 versus 10%; p=0.03; relative risk of 1.6; 95%CI 1.2‒2.2). Logistic regression showed that, with each 100 grams lower birth weight, the chance of death increased 6.7 times in G dz/dr (95%CI 2.0 - 11.3; p<0.01). CONCLUSION: In preterm infants of mothers with hypertensive changes in Doppler velocimetry of the umbilical artery, intrauterine growth restriction and neonatal prognosis are often worse, with a high risk of death related to birth weight.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Pregnancy , Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced/physiopathology , Hypertension/physiopathology , Regional Blood Flow , Umbilical Arteries/physiopathology , Infant, Premature , Pregnancy Outcome , Prospective Studies
5.
Rev. bras. ginecol. obstet ; 32(7): 352-358, jul. 2010. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-567969

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: avaliar os fatores de risco antenatais e pós-natais para o óbito neonatal em gestações com diástole zero (DZ) ou reversa (DR) na doplervelocimetria da artéria umbilical. MÉTODOS: estudo transversal, retrospectivo, inferencial, a partir de 48 prontuários de gestações únicas com DZ ou DR, idade gestacional entre 24 e 34 semanas, em uma maternidade no Nordeste do Brasil. A média de idade foi de 27,3 anos (DP: 7,9). Vinte (41,7 por cento) eram primigestas. Síndromes hipertensivas foram observadas em 44 (91,7 por cento) casos. Trinta e cinco (72,9 por cento) apresentavam DZ e 13 (27,1 por cento) DR. Procedeu-se inicialmente à análise univariada (teste t de Student e teste Exato de Fisher), relacionando os parâmetros com o desfecho avaliado (óbito neonatal). As variáveis que apresentaram associação significativa foram incluídas no modelo de regressão logística (Estatística de Wald). O nível de significância utilizado foi de 5 por cento. RESULTADOS: a mortalidade perinatal foi de 64,6 por cento (31/48). Ocorreram cinco óbitos fetais e 26 neonatais. A média de idade gestacional no momento do diagnóstico foi de 27,9 (DP: 2,8) semanas. A resolução da gestação antes de 24 horas após o diagnóstico ocorreu em 52,1 por cento dos casos. Parto abdominal foi realizado em 85,4 por cento dos casos. Os recém-nascidos pesaram em média 975,9 g (DP: 457,5). Vinte e quatro (57,1 por cento) apresentaram Apgar menor que 7 no primeiro minuto e 21,4 por cento, no quinto. A idade gestacional no momento do diagnóstico, o peso ao nascer e o Apgar de primeiro minuto revelaram-se variáveis significativamente relacionadas com o óbito neonatal (valores de p foram, respectivamente, 0,008; 0,004 e 0,020). As razões de chance foi de 6,6; 25,3 e 13,8 para o óbito neonatal, quando o diagnóstico foi estabelecido até a 28ª semana, peso <1000 g e Apgar < 7, respectivamente. CONCLUSÕES: idade gestacional no momento do diagnóstico, peso ao nascer e Apgar de primeiro minuto foram fatores capazes de predizer o óbito neonatal em gestações com DZ ou DR na doplervelocimetria da artéria umbilical.


PURPOSE: to evaluate the antenatal and postnatal risk factors of neonatal death in pregnancies with absent (DZ) or reverse (DR) end-diastolic flow in the umbilical artery. METHODS: a cross-sectional retrospective study based on data from 48 medical records of singleton pregnancies with DZ or DR, and gestational age of 24 to 34 weeks, at a maternity in the Brazilian Northeast. Mean age was 27.3 (SD: 7.9) years. Twenty (41.7 percent) patients were primiparas. Hypertensive disorders were found in 44 (91.7 percent) cases. Thirty-five women (72.9 percent) had DZ and 13 (27.1 percent) had DR. Univariate analysis was firstly done (Student's t-test and Fisher's exact test) correlating the parameters with the assessed outcome (neonatal death). Variables that showed significant association were included in the logistic regression model (Wald statistics). The level of significance was set at 5 percent. RESULTS: The perinatal mortality rate was 64.6 percent (31/48). There were five stillbirths and 26 neonatal deaths. The mean gestational age at diagnosis was 27.9 (SD: 2.8) weeks. Deliveries before 24 hours after diagnosis occurred in 52.1 percent of the cases. Cesarean section was performed in 85.4 percent of the sample. The newborns weighed 975.9 g on average (SD: 457.5). Twenty-four (57.1 percent) presented Apgar scores below 7 in the first minute and 21.4 percent in the fifth minute. Gestational age at diagnosis, birth weight and Apgar of the first minute proved to be variables significantly related to neonatal death (p values were: 0.008, 0.004, and 0.020, respectively). The Odds Ratio was 6.6, 25.3 and 13.8 for neonatal death, when the diagnosis was established at the 28th week, weight was <1000 g and first minute Apgar score was <7, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: gestational age at diagnosis, birth weight and Apgar score at the first minute were factors that could predict neonatal death in pregnancies with DV or DR determined by umbilical artery Doppler velocimetry.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Pregnancy , Diastole , Fetal Diseases/mortality , Infant, Newborn, Diseases/mortality , Laser-Doppler Flowmetry , Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular/physiopathology , Umbilical Arteries/physiopathology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Predictive Value of Tests , Retrospective Studies
6.
Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol ; 75(3): 189-193, 2010.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-577413

ABSTRACT

La evaluación del bienestar fetal es un desafío clínico. El hallazgo de flujo diastólico ausente o reverso (FDA/FDR) en la velocimetría Doppler de arteria umbilical es considerado un signo de insuficiencia placen-taria. Sin embargo, en fetos con trisomía 21 es posible encontrar FDA/FDR en ausencia de insuficiencia placentaria. Se presenta un caso cínico de una embarazada en cuyo feto se sospecha Síndrome de Down, con velocimetría Doppler de la arteria umbilical con FDA/FDR, sin alteración en otras pruebas de evaluación del bienestar fetal y sin signos de hipoxia al nacer, pero con una cardiopatía congénita. Se han reportado escasos casos similares al expuesto, postulándose que un Doppler umbilical con FDA/FDR puede presentarse como consecuencia de una cardiopatía congénita. Expertos en medicina materno-fetal se han enfrentado a situaciones como la del caso reportado pero no conocen evidencia científica que avale la conducta expectante en estos pacientes. Concluimos que en fetos con Síndrome de Down y FDA/FDR en arteria umbilical debe evaluarse cuidadosamente la presencia de cardiopatías congénitas y mantener la sospecha de insuficiencia placentaria, adoptando decisiones en base a esa sospecha.


Evaluation of fetal well-being is a clinical challenge. The finding of absent or reverse diastolic flow (ADF/ RDF) in the umbilical artery Doppler velocimetry is considered a sign of placental insufficiency. However, it is possible to find ADF/RDF without placental insufficiency in trisomy 21 fetuses. A clinical case of a pregnant woman having a suspected Down syndrome fetus, with ADF/RDF in the umbilical artery Doppler, without any other alteration in fetal well-being tests with no signs of hypoxia at birth, but with a congenital heart disease is reported. Few cases have benne reported showing similar findings, postulating that umbilical artery Doppler with ADF/RDF may be caused by congenital heart disease. Maternal fetal medicine specialist have faced situations like this but they don't known scientific evidence supporting expectant management in these patients. We conclude that fetuses with Down syndrome and ADF/RDF in umbilical artery Doppler should be carefully evaluated by congenital heart disease but keeping a high suspicion of placental insufficiency and acting according to that.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Umbilical Arteries/physiopathology , Umbilical Arteries , Heart Defects, Congenital/physiopathology , Heart Defects, Congenital , Down Syndrome/physiopathology , Down Syndrome , Placental Insufficiency , Prenatal Diagnosis , Ultrasonography, Doppler , Blood Flow Velocity/physiology
7.
Rev. bras. ginecol. obstet ; 31(2): 82-88, fev. 2009. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-512038

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: avaliar o efeito do sulfato de magnésio sobre o índice de pulsatilidade (IP) das artérias uterinas, umbilicais e cerebral média fetal, de acordo com a persistência ou não da incisura protodiastólica bilateral das artérias uterinas na pré-eclâmpsia grave. MÉTODOS: foi desenvolvido um estudo do tipo coorte, incluindo 40 gestantes com pré-eclâmpsia grave, das quais 23 apresentavam incisura protodiastólica bilateral e 17, incisura ausente/unilateral. As pacientes foram submetidas a doplervelocimetria antes e depois de 20 minutos da administração intravenosa de 6 g do sulfato de magnésio. O exame foi realizado com a paciente em posição semi-Fowler, obtendo-se os sonogramas durante a inatividade fetal, em períodos de apneia e ausência de contrações uterinas. Todos os exames foram realizados por dois pesquisadores, considerando a média como resultado final. A comparação dos IP antes e depois do sulfato de magnésio em cada grupo foi realizada pelo teste de Wilcoxon. A diferença das duas medidas (antes e depois do sulfato de magnésio) foi comparada entre os grupos (incisura bilateral e incisura ausente/unilateral) utilizando-se o teste de Mann-Whitney. RESULTADOS: houve um aumento significativo da frequência cardíaca materna e uma diminuição da pressão arterial materna e da mediana dos IP das duas artérias uterinas e da artéria cerebral média fetal depois da utilização do sulfato de magnésio em ambos os grupos. Houve redução significativa do IP da artéria uterina esquerda e da artéria umbilical apenas no grupo com incisura protodiastólica unilateral/ausente. No entanto, não foram encontradas diferenças significativas em relação ao IP da artéria uterina direita e relação umbilical/cerebral antes e depois do sulfato de magnésio em cada grupo. Não se encontrou diferença entre os grupos, antes e depois do sulfato de magnésio, para nenhum dos desfechos estudados. CONCLUSÕES: após a administração intravenosa de 6 g do sulfato de magnésio nas...


PURPOSE: to evaluate the effect of magnesium sulphate on the pulsatility index (PI) of the uterine, umbilical and fetal middle cerebral arteries, according to the persistency or not of the bilateral protodiastolic notch of the uterine arteries in severe pre-eclampsia. METHODS: a cohort study including 40 pregnant women with severe pre-eclampsia, 23 of them presenting bilateral protodiastolic notch, and 17, unilateral/absent notch. The patients were submitted to Doppler velocimetry before and 20 minutes after the intravenous administration of 6 g of magnesium sulphate. The examination was carried out with the patient in semi-Fowler position, the sonograms being obtained during fetal inactivity, in apnea and absent uterine contraction periods. All the exams were performed by two researchers, the average being considered as the final result. Wilcoxon's test was used to compare the PI, before and after magnesium sulphate in both groups. The difference between the two measurements (before and after magnesium sulphate) was compared between the groups (bilateral incision and unilateral/absent incision) using the Mann-Whitney test. RESULTS: there was a significant increase in the maternal heart rate (MHR) and decrease in the maternal blood pressure, and in the PI medians of the two uterine arteries and in the fetal middle cerebral artery, after magnesium sulphate in both groups. There was a significant decrease in the PI of the left uterine artery and in the umbilical artery, only in the protodiastolic unilateral/absent notch group. Nevertheless, it was not found any significant difference regarding the PI of the right uterine artery, or the cerebral/umbilical relationship, before and after magnesium sulphate in each group. No difference between the groups was found, before and after magnesium sulphate, for any of the studied outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: after the intravenous administration of 6 g of magnesium sulphate to patients with severe pre-eclampsia...


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Anticonvulsants/pharmacology , Diastole , Magnesium Sulfate/pharmacology , Middle Cerebral Artery/drug effects , Middle Cerebral Artery/physiopathology , Pre-Eclampsia/physiopathology , Umbilical Arteries/drug effects , Umbilical Arteries/physiopathology , Uterus/blood supply , Uterus/drug effects , Cohort Studies , Pulse , Severity of Illness Index
8.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 54(3): 232-237, maio-jun. 2008. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-485606

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Comparar a relação da artéria umbilical e artéria cerebral média fetal através dos índices dopplervelocimétricos (índice de resistência, índice de pulsatilidade e relação S/D) antes e após a utilização do sulfato de magnésio nas gestantes com pré-eclâmpsia grave (pura ou superposta). MÉTODOS: Foi desenvolvido um estudo do tipo coorte prospectivo, no qual cada sujeito serviu como seu próprio controle. Foram selecionadas 40 gestantes com pré-eclâmpsia grave, submetidas ao exame dopplervelocimétrico antes e após 20 minutos da administração intravenosa de 6 g do sulfato de magnésio. As variáveis estudadas foram os índices dopplervelocimétricos da relação artéria umbilical e cerebral média fetal. A comparação das médias entre as duas medidas (antes e depois) de cada indivíduo foi realizada através do teste t student pareado. A comparação entre a distribuição de freqüência de diagnóstico fetal (normal, redução isolada na resistência da artéria cerebral média e centralizado) foi realizada através do teste Qui quadrado (c²) de Stuart-Maxwell. RESULTADOS: Não foi observada diferença estatisticamente significativa das médias da relação artéria umbilical/cerebral média nos índices dopplervelocimétricos antes e após o sulfato de magnésio. Verificou-se aumento da freqüência de redução isolada na resistência da artéria cerebral média após o sulfato de magnésio (25,0 por cento x 47,5 por cento; p = 0,01). CONCLUSÃO: A administração intravenosa do sulfato de magnésio nas gestantes com pré-eclâmpsia grave resultou em um aumento significativo na freqüência de fetos com diagnóstico de redução da resistência da artéria cerebral média na dopplervelocimetria.


BACKGROUND: To compare the ratio between the fetal middle cerebral artery and the umbilical artery using Doppler flow velocimetry indices (resistance index, pulsatility index and A/B relation) before and after administration of magnesium sulfate to pregnant women with severe preeclampsia (pure or superimposed). METHODS: A prospective cohort study was conducted with each pregnant woman representing her own control. Forty severe preeclamptic women were included and underwent Doppler sonography before and 20 minutes after administration of 6g of magnesium sulfate. Analysis variables were the Doppler flow velocimetry indices evaluating the ratio of the fetal middle cerebral artery to the umbilical artery. To compare the mean indices before and after magnesium sulfate for the same patient, the "t-paired" Student test was used. The Stuart-Maxwell c² was applied to determine the difference of fetal diagnosis (normal, brain-sparing or reduced middle cerebral artery resistance) before and after magnesium sulfate. RESULTS: No significant difference of the mean ratio between the middle cerebral artery and the umbilical artery, before and after administration of magnesium sulfate was observed. After magnesium sulfate (25.0 percent x 47.5 percent; p= 0.01), there was an increased frequency of isolated lower Doppler flow velocimetry indices in the middle cerebral artery. CONCLUSION: Intravenous administration of magnesium sulfate in patients with severe preeclampsia is associated with increased frequency of fetal Doppler diagnosis of reduced resistance in the middle cerebral artery.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Young Adult , Fetus/blood supply , Magnesium Sulfate/administration & dosage , Middle Cerebral Artery/physiopathology , Pre-Eclampsia/drug therapy , Umbilical Arteries/physiopathology , Vascular Resistance/physiology , Anticonvulsants/administration & dosage , Blood Pressure , Blood Flow Velocity/physiology , Fetus/drug effects , Infusions, Intravenous , Laser-Doppler Flowmetry , Middle Cerebral Artery/drug effects , Middle Cerebral Artery , Prospective Studies , Pre-Eclampsia , Pulsatile Flow/physiology , Ultrasonography, Prenatal , Umbilical Arteries , Vascular Resistance/drug effects , Young Adult
9.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-21510

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: Doppler velocimetry studies of placental and foetal circulation can provide important information regarding foetal well-being providing an opportunity to improve foetal outcome. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the role of middle cerebral to umbilical artery blood velocity waveform's systolic/diastolic ratio (MCA/UA) and biophysical profile as a predictor of perinatal outcome in hypertensive and preeclamptic pregnant women during the late third trimester. METHODS: Fifty preeclamptic pregnant women selected randomly in the last three weeks of the third trimester were stratified into two groups based on the MCA/UA ratio. All women were evaluated by foetal biophysical profile scoring. Thirty four women with foetal MCA/UA ratios > 1 and 16 with < or =1 were recruited in groups A and B respectively. The results of the ratio, and biophysical profile were evaluated with respect to the outcome of the infants and adverse perinatal outcome, defined as perinatal death, foetal cord blood gas analyses, cesarean delivery for foetal distress, admission to the neonatal intensive care unit, days in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) or low Apgar score. RESULTS: Rate of cesarean delivery was significantly (P<0.001) higher in group B than group A. There was a statistically significant increase in perinatal morbidity in B group. Apgar scores at 1 and 5 min were found to be lower in group B than group A. Umbilical cord blood partial oxygen pressure (pO2), partial carbon dioxide pressure (pCO2) was not different in the two groups; whereas, pH was lower in group B. In group A two neonates (5.9%) and in group B 12 neonates (75%) required admission in neonatal intensive care unit. Best cut-off levels of MCA, MCA/UA ratios were found to be 3 and 1, respectively. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION: The MCA/UA was valuable for predicting the outcome of preeclamptic and hypertensive pregnancies. When the ratio was <1, foetal prognosis was poor.


Subject(s)
Adult , Blood Flow Velocity , Cerebral Arteries/physiopathology , Female , Humans , Hypertension/physiopathology , Pre-Eclampsia/physiopathology , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular/physiopathology , Pregnancy Outcome , Prognosis , Umbilical Arteries/physiopathology
11.
Scientific Journal of Al-Azhar Medical Faculty [Girls] [The]. 1999; 20 (Supp. 1): 1183-1194
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-52637

ABSTRACT

This study was conducted to estimate angiogenin [ANG] plasma levels [as an angiogenic factor involved in placentation] in pregnancies complicated with abnormal umbilical artery flow velocity waveforms [UAFWs] and uncomplicated pregnancies in the same gestational age. The study included 80 pregnant women with gestational age [GA] from 34 to 39 weeks and singleton pregnancy. Doppler velocity waveforms of the umbilical artery of the fetus were assessed and the cohort was classified into two groups according to the findings of Doppler study: Group I [n = 40] with abnormal UAFWs and Group II [n = 40] with normal UAFWs. Plasma ANG levels were estimated with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA]


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Umbilical Arteries/physiopathology , Laser-Doppler Flowmetry , Angiogenesis Inducing Agents , Pregnancy Outcome
13.
Rev. bras. ginecol. obstet ; 18(6): 491-4, jul. 1996. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-182570

ABSTRACT

Foram analisados 30 casos de componente diastólico ausente na artéria umbilical fetal diagnosticados no Serviço de Ultra-Sonografia do Centro de Atençao Integral à Saúde da Mulher da UNICAMP. A época da interrupçao da gestaçao, a idade gestacional variou de 26 a 36 semanas, com peso fetal de 470 a 172Og, com grande incidência de retardo de crescimento intra-uterino (93,3 por cento). Todos os fetos necessitaram de cuidados na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva. Mortalidade perinatal total foi de 43,3 por cento.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Adolescent , Adult , Umbilical Arteries/physiopathology , Pregnancy Complications/diagnosis , Fetal Growth Retardation/etiology , Pregnancy, High-Risk , Regional Blood Flow , Retrospective Studies
14.
Rev. Soc. obstet. ginecol. B.Aires ; 74(916): 211-22, nov. 1995. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-177403

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Valorar la utilización de la velocimetría Doppler en el seguimiento del retardo de crecimiento fetal intrauterino (RCIU), comparando tres patrones de flujo umbilical con sus respectivos descenlaces perinatales. Material y métodos: Se evaluaron 54 pacientes con una edad promedio de (x ñ D.S.) 30 ñ 4,89 años, de las cuales el 70 por ciento eran nulíparas. La edad gestacional promedio al momento del último estudio fue de 33,6 sem. mientras que la obtenida por examen físico del recién nacido fue de 34 sem. Con respecto a la patología de base, la mayoría de las embarazadas (48,1 por ciento) presentaban HTA. En todos los casos se evaluó el índice S/D de los flujos umbilical, uterino y de la art. cerebral media (ACM). Se tomó como punto de corte para normalidad un cociente S/D hasta 3 en art. umbilical a partir de la semana 30 y hasta 2,5 en art. uterinas a partir de la sem. 25. Para hablar de redistribución circulatoria se tomó como patológico un índice S/D menor a 4 en ACM. En todos los casos se consideraron los resultados perinatales. Secundariamente, se tuvieron en cuenta los hallazgos en el NST y el vol. de L.A. evaluado ecográficamente. Resultados: Los 54 casos de RCIU fueron divididos en 3 grupos de acuerdo al patrón de flujo umbilical: Grupo A (31 casos): con ausencia de llenado diastólico (AFD); Grupo B (17 casos): con diástole disminuida (cociente S/D mayor a 3); y Grupo C (6 casos): con flujo normal. En el Grupo A, el índice S/D de las art. uterinas fue de (xñ D.S.) 3,12 ñ 1,06, hallándose la presencia de "muesca" en ambas art. en el 45,2 por ciento de los casos. El 90,3 por ciento de los fetos mostraban redistribución de flujo. En el 77,4 por ciento el NST fue no reactivo y el vol. de L.A. estuvo disminuido en el 64,5 por ciento. La edad gestacional promedio en el momento de la interrupción del embarazo fue de 34 sem. con un peso promedio al nacer de 1.390 grs. (peso estimado 2.322 grs.). El 32,25 por ciento de los neonatos presentó un Apgar al min. menor a 7 y, el 58,06 por ciento debió ser internado en UTIN. Hubieron 4 muertes perinatales. En el Grupo B el índice S/D de la art. umbilical fue de 4,15 ñ 0,73, mientras que a nivel uterino, éste fue de 3,07 ñ 0,74, hallándose "muesca" en el 17,64 por ciento. Redistribuyeron el flujo el 64,7 por ciento de los fetos. El NST fue no reactivo en el 23,5 por ciento de los casos y, se halló aligoamnios en el 17,6 por ciento. La interrupción del embarazo se efctuó a las 36 ñ 2,98 sem. siendo el peso promedio de los RN de 1.840 ñ 526,51 grs. (peso estimado 2.888 grs.). El 5,9 por ciento de los neonatos presentó en Apgar menor a 7 al min. y, el 41,2 por ciento debió ser internado en UTIN. En el Grupo C, el índice S/D de la art. umbilical fue de 2,72 ñ 0,25 y en art. uterinas de 2,25 ñ 0,38. Ningún caso presentó muesca ni redistribuyó el flujo. Todos los NST fueron reactivos y el vol. de L.A. fue normal en todos ellos. La edad gestacional promedio fue de 38,6 ñ 2,71, con un peso de los RN de 2.245 ñ 243,04 grs. Todos los neonatos presentaron buena vitalidad al nacimiento y no hubo internaciones en UTIN. Conclusiones: Consideramos al Doppler, utilizado conjuntamente con otras pruebas de vitalidad, un buen elemento a utilizar en la evaluación del RCIU, permitiendo diferenciar aquellos fetos "pequeños" con vitalidad deteriorada, de aquellos, también por debajo del percentilo 10, pero "sanos"


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Fetal Growth Retardation/diagnosis , Fetus , Follow-Up Studies , Laser-Doppler Flowmetry , Pregnancy Outcome/epidemiology , Umbilical Arteries/physiopathology , Umbilical Arteries/physiology
15.
Rev. Soc. obstet. ginecol. B.Aires ; 74(915): 199-208, oct. 1995. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-168456

ABSTRACT

El siguiente trabajo tuvo por objetivo valorar las modificaciones producidas por la anestesia peridural, mediante el efecto Doppler, sobre la circulación de ambas arterias uterinas y arteria umbilical. Fue realizado en la Maternidad del Hospital D. F. Santojanni en el período comprendido entre octubre de 1993 y agosto de 1994. Se seleccionaron 33 pacientes con embarazos de término y 2 cesáreas anteriores, sin complicaciones médicas y/o quirúrgicas durante la gestación. Se efectuó la Velocimetría Doppler de arteria uterina derecha e izquierda y arteria umbilical con Doppler pulsado previa a la anestesia, 5 y 15 minutos después. Se calculó el cociente S/D. Los resultados mostraron a pesar de no encontrarse modificaciones significativas de la tensión arterial materna, un aumento del índice S/D a los 5 minutos en las arterias estudiadas sugiriendo una disminución del flujo útero-placentario y del flujo umbilical. Estos valores vuelven a estados preanestésicos excepto en arteria uterina izquierda. Pensamos que los 5 primeros minutos son críticos para los mecanismos de regulación hemodinámica maternos, motivo por el cual consideramos que aumentan los valores del índice S/D


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Anesthesia, Epidural/adverse effects , Placental Circulation , Doppler Effect , Umbilical Arteries/drug effects , Cesarean Section/trends , Placental Circulation/physiology , Laser-Doppler Flowmetry , Lidocaine/adverse effects , Lidocaine/therapeutic use , Umbilical Arteries/physiopathology , Vascular Resistance/drug effects , Vascular Resistance/physiology
16.
Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol ; 60(2): 101-7, 1995. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-162440

ABSTRACT

Nuestro objetivo es presentar la experiencia en el manejo de 19 casos en los cuales se observó la presencia de un flujo diastólico ausente o reverso (FDAR) en la arteria umbilical. La incidencia de FDAR fue un hecho poco frecuente (2,2 por ciento de las pacientes de alto riesgo), asociado a un mal resultado perinatal. Lo anterior se demuestra por la presencia de un elevado número de recién nacidos pequeños para la edad gestacional (63.2 por ciento) de fetos malformados o hidrópicos (26 por ciento) y de fetos asfixiados (perfil biofísico fetal <4, índice de pulsatilidad de la arteria cerebral anormal, presencia de desaceleraciones espontáneas en el monitoreao de la frecuencia cardíaca fetal y por un Apgar y un pH en cordón umbilical bajos), lo que se tradujo finalmente en una elevada mortalidad perinatal (36,8 por ciento). En 8 casos (42.1 por ciento) la interrupción de la gestación fue diferida por lo menos 48 horas posterior a la pesquisa del FDAR, lo que permitió en alguno de ellos, la administración de corticoides para la inducción de madurez pulmonar fetal. Al comparar el grupo de sobrevivientes vs los muertos durante el período perinatal, se observaron diferencias significativas en la edad gestacional al momento de interrupción de la gestación (33,1ñ3,4 vs 28,6ñ3,8 semanas), número de malformados (8,3 vs 57,1 por ciento) y operación cesárea (91,7 vs 42,9 por ciento). Finalmente concluímos que la presencia de un FDAR en la arteria umbilical es un signo que revela una condición fetal crítica, por lo que se debe plantear el término del embarazo, sin embargo esta decisión debe ser tomada considerando la edad gestacional, la condición fetal (evaluada por diferentes medios) y la condición materna, para así poder elegir al momento y la vía más adecuada de interrupción de la gestación


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Adult , Congenital Abnormalities/diagnosis , Diastole/physiology , Regional Blood Flow/physiology , Umbilical Arteries/physiopathology , Blood Gas Analysis/methods , Prenatal Diagnosis/methods , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Infant, Small for Gestational Age
17.
Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol ; 60(1): 23-7, 1995. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-164871

ABSTRACT

Muchos trabajos de velocimetría de flujo Doppler en arteria umbilical muestran alteración de las ondas de flujo asociada con malos resultados perinatales en casos con RCF. En este estudio se evaluaron 74 fetos con retardo de crecimiento con Doppler en la arteria umbilical, observándose que los 65 casos que mostraron flujo presente en diástole, tuvieron buen resultado perinatal, independiente de los resultados de distintos índices. Por el contrario, aquellos que presentaron flujo ausente y reverso en diástole, se correlacionaron con necesidad de intervención obstétrica, bajo peso del RN, complicaciones neonatales y mortalidad perinatal. Se propone que en fetos con retardo de crecimiento, la monitorización con Doppler en la arteria umbilical, es un buen método para reconocer a los que presentan hipoxia


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Fetal Blood/physiology , Fetal Growth Retardation/physiopathology , Umbilical Arteries/physiopathology , Birth Weight , Diastole/physiology , Laser-Doppler Flowmetry/methods , Hypoxia/prevention & control , Pregnancy, High-Risk/blood
18.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-41419

ABSTRACT

Doppler velocity waveform analysis has been introduced as part of antenatal fetal biophysical assessment. Abnormal waveforms are associated with maternal and fetal complications. The most severe waveform patterns observed, absent end-diastolic velocity (AEDV) and reversed end-diastolic velocity (REDV), are of ominous significance in many cases but the incidence of these waveforms is low and the outcome is varied. The purpose of this study is to assess perinatal outcome in patients showing absent end-diastolic velocity (AEDV) and reversed end-diastolic velocity (REDV) in umbilical artery flow velocity waveforms. We reviewed our experience of patients showing AEDV and REDV in the umbilical artery flow velocity waveforms over nineteen months. Fifteen patients, all in high risk pregnancies, were identified during this period; 9 with AEDV and 6 with REDV. The results were not used in the clinical management. Twelve babies died (3 fetal deaths, 4 stillbirths and 5 neonatal deaths); giving the perinatal mortality is this group as 80 per cent. The interval between the abnormal waveform recording and fetal death or delivery was between 2 hours and 4 weeks. In three fetuses with abnormal diastolic flow, analysis of umbilical vein blood gases revealed severe acidosis and hypoxia. There was also significant perinatal morbidity as judged by low Apgar scores, days in neonatal intensive care, growth retardation and lethal anomalies. These findings suggest that once the diastolic component of umbilical artery flow velocity waveforms become absent or reversed, the fetus is in a state of hypoxia and acidosis and perinatal outcome is catastrophic.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)


Subject(s)
Blood Flow Velocity , Diastole , Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Outcome , Ultrasonography, Prenatal , Umbilical Arteries/physiopathology
19.
J. bras. ginecol ; 103(3): 67-73, mar. 1993. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-154128

ABSTRACT

Em 57 pacientes de alto-risco foram realizados 60 exames de doppler de artéria umbilical e determinado o equilíbrio ácido-básico do sangue da veia umbilical, obtido por condorcentese. Os resultados do doppler foram relacionados com os resultados do ph, pO2 e asfixia fetal. Observou-se relaçåo significante entre os parâmetros bioquímicos estudados no sangue da veia umbilical e os exames de doppler. Relevante é o comprometimento do conceito (asfixia) quando presente a diástole-zero no doppler da artéria umbilical


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Umbilical Arteries/physiopathology , Blood Flow Velocity , Blood Gas Analysis , Ultrasonics , Blood Specimen Collection , Acid-Base Equilibrium/physiology , Fetal Blood , Fetal Hypoxia/diagnosis , Maternal-Fetal Exchange , Pregnancy Complications , Risk Groups , Umbilical Veins/physiopathology
20.
J. bras. ginecol ; 103(1/2): 27-34, jan.-fev. 1993. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-174325

ABSTRACT

O presente estudo teve como objetivos principais a verificaçåo, através do doppler das artérias umbilical e cerebral média, do fenômeno da centralizaçåo de fluxo fetal e o diagnóstico do crescimento intra-uterino retardado, em situaçöes de sofrimento crônico. Para tal, realizaram-se 102 exames em 55 gestantes de alto-risco com feto único, entre 30 e 40 semanas, utilizando o doppler colorido. Pôde-se nåo somente confirmar o fenômeno da redistribuiçåo de fluxo, com vasodilataçåo cerebral, como também verificar a existência de dois estágios do processo de centralizaçåo, "inicial e tardio". A "centralizaçåo tardia" associou-se em 100 por cento das vezes ao crescimento intra-uterino retardado


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Cerebral Arteries/physiopathology , Cerebral Arteries , Umbilical Arteries/physiopathology , Umbilical Arteries , Fetal Distress/diagnosis , Fetal Growth Retardation/diagnosis , Blood Flow Velocity , Ultrasonography, Prenatal
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