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1.
Int. j. morphol ; 33(3): 1060-1064, Sept. 2015. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-762586

ABSTRACT

Laparoscopic surgeries were first introduced in the 1980s. More recently, similar techniques such as natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery and other advanced transumbilical surgeries have been developed. With all of these surgical advances, basic information about the umbilicus is lacking. This study evaluated the relationship between umbilical diameter and thickness, as well as the underlying vessels, in order to develop a simple means of assessing umbilical anatomy. We retroactively reviewed 842 computed tomography images that included the umbilicus. Umbilical thickness, diameter, type of vessel located beneath the umbilicus, depth to the vessel, and other parameters were measured. Age and sex were noted, and their relationship was analyzed as it pertains to the umbilical anatomy. Average umbilical thickness and diameter were 8.2 mm and 3.5 mm, respectively. Vessels directly under the umbilicus were located on average 60.0 mm from the umbilicus. The most common vessels detected were the aorta and the right common iliac artery. A wider umbilical diameter was correlated with a thinner umbilicus. As natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery is relatively new, further studies regarding umbilical anatomy and clinical correlation are warranted. However, this report brings to light the importance of basic umbilical anatomy, and that these characteristics should be taken into account during the laparoscopic entry procedure.


Las cirugías laparoscópicas se introdujeron en la década de 1980. Recientemente, se han desarrollado técnicas similares, tales como cirugía endoscópica transluminal por orificios naturales y otras cirugías transumbilicales avanzadas. Con todos estos avances quirúrgicos, es insuficiente la información básica sobre el ombligo. Este estudio evaluó la relación entre el diámetro y el espesor umbilical, así como los vasos subyacentes, a fin de desarrollar un medio simple de evaluar la anatomía umbilical. Se revisaron retroactivamente 842 imágenes de tomografía computarizada que incluían el ombligo. Se midió espesor umbilical, diámetro, el tipo de vaso situado bajo del ombligo, y la profundidad junto a otros parámetros. Se observaron edad y sexo, y se analizó su relación en lo que respecta a la anatomía umbilical. Espesor umbilical medio y el diámetro eran de 8,2 mm y 3,5 mm, respectivamente. Vasos directamente bajo el ombligo se localizaron en promedio 60,0 mm del ombligo. Los vasos más comunes detectados fueron la aorta y la arteria ilíaca común derecha. Un diámetro más amplio umbilical se correlacionó con un ombligo más delgado. Como en los orificios naturales la cirugía endoscópica transluminal es relativamente nueva, se justifican más estudios en relación con la anatomía umbilical y su correlación clínica. Sin embargo, este informe pone de manifiesto la importancia de la anatomía básica umbilical, y que estas características se deben tener en cuenta durante el procedimiento de entrada laparoscópica.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Laparoscopy/methods , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Umbilicus/anatomy & histology , Umbilicus/diagnostic imaging , Sex Characteristics
2.
Rev. bras. cir. plást ; 29(2): 248-252, apr.-jun. 2014. ilus, tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-583

ABSTRACT

Introdução: O tratamento da cicatriz umbilical é um tempo muito importante na plástica abdominal. Existem várias técnicas descritas de onfaloplastia na literatura. Objetivo: Este trabalho tem com objetivo comparar o resultado estético de onfaloplastias com as técnicas em estrela e losango. Método: Foram avaliados os resultados de 20 pacientes, por meio de pontuação, utilizando cinco critérios: formato, localização, cicatriz, tamanho e profundidade. Resultado: As pacientes apresentaram somatória significativamente maior de pontos no critério que avaliou o formato da onfaloplastia, sendo utilizada a técnica em estrela 15,8± 2,05, quando comparada com a técnica de onfaloplastia em losango 12,6± 3,65 com p=0,03. Nos demais critérios de localização, tamanho, profundidade e cicatriz não houve diferenças significantes. Conclusão: O estudo demonstrou que a técnica em estrela apresentou melhores resultados estéticos no critério de formato do que a técnica em losango.


Introduction: The treatment of umbilical scarring is important in abdominoplasty, and many omphaloplasty techniques are described in the literature. Objetive: The objective of this work is to compare the aesthetic result of omphaloplasty with the star technique and the diamond technique. Method: Twenty patients were evaluated through scoring, by using five criteria: shape, location, scar, size, and depth. Result: The patients showed significantly higher scores when evaluating the shape criterion during an omphaloplasty; the star technique scored, on average, 15.8 ± 2.05, whereas the diamond technique scored 12.6 ± 3.65 (p = 0.03). No significant difference was found in all other criteria (location, size, depth, and scar). Conclusion: This study demonstrates that the star technique produces better aesthetic results than the diamond technique.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , History, 21st Century , Surgery, Plastic , Umbilicus , Wounds and Injuries , Comparative Study , Prospective Studies , Investigative Techniques , Evaluation Study , Esthetics , Hernia, Umbilical , Surgery, Plastic/adverse effects , Surgery, Plastic/methods , Umbilicus/anatomy & histology , Umbilicus/surgery , Umbilicus/injuries , Wounds and Injuries/surgery , Hernia, Umbilical/surgery , Hernia, Umbilical/pathology
3.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 33(8): 1021-1032, ago. 2013. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-686081

ABSTRACT

Esse trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de caracterizar a involução das estruturas umbilicais em bezerros sadios da raça Nelore ao longo dos primeiros 35 dias de vida, e de comparar esse processo em bezerros concebidos por métodos naturais ou por fertilização in vitro (FIV). Quarenta bezerros foram distribuídos em dois grupos (n=20) de acordo com o método de concepção (natural ou FIV) e cada grupo foi composto por dez machos e dez fêmeas. A ultrassonografia (transdutor microconvexo de 7,5 MHz) foi empregada para examinar o conjunto das estruturas remanescentes do cordão umbilical que compõem o umbigo externo e as estruturas abdominais (veia umbilical, artéria umbilical esquerda e ducto alantóide), mensurando-se os seus diâmetros em locais definidos. Os exames foram realizados entre 24 e 36 horas de vida e aos 7, 14, 21, 28 e 35 dias de idade. Testaram-se os efeitos do sexo, da idade e do método de concepção por meio da análise de variâncias de medidas repetidas. O exame ultrassonográfico provou-se adequado para a avaliação das estruturas umbilicais extra e intracavitárias permitindo a caracterização do processo fisiológico de involução das mesmas. No umbigo externo, as veias umbilicais foram observadas como imagem individualizada até os 14 dias de vida e um conjunto de estruturas em processo de atrofia era visualizado após essa idade. No abdômen, a veia e a artéria umbilicais foram visualizadas até os 35 dias de idade e o ducto alantóide somente durante a primeira semana de vida. Essas estruturas apresentaram-se com parede hiperecóica regular e contínua e lúmen homogeneamente anecóico. O diâmetro de todas as estruturas umbilicais estudadas se reduziu continuamente ao longo do primeiro mês de vida (p<0,05), sem efeito do sexo (p>0,05). Comparados aos bezerros concebidos por métodos naturais, os produtos de FIV nasceram com os vasos umbilicais e o ducto alantóide um pouco mais calibrosos (diâmetros 1 a 3 mm maiores). Distintamente dos valores ...


This study was carried out to characterize the involution of the umbilical cord structures in healthy Nelore calves during their first 35 days of life, and to compare this process in calves conceived by natural methods or by in vitro fertilization (IVF). Forty calves were separated in two groups (n=20) according to their conception method (natural or IVF) and each group consisted of ten male and ten female calves. The ultrasound (7.5 MHz micro convex transducer) was used to examine all the remaining structures of the umbilical cord that make the external navel and the abdominal structures (umbilical vein, left umbilical artery and allantoic duct), and their diameters were measured in distinct locations. The examinations were performed between 24 and 36 hours of life and at 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 days of age. The effects of sex, age and method of conception were tested by repeated measures ANOVA. The ultrasound examination was suitable for evaluation of extra- and intra-abdominal umbilical structures and characterization of its involutive physiological process. Both veins were visualized in the external umbilicus up to 14 days of life and set of structures in process of atrophy were seen after this age. In the abdomen, the artery and the vein could be examined up to 35 days of age, and the allantoic duct only during the first week of life. These structures showed a regular and consistent hyperechoic wall and a homogeneous anechoic lumen. The diameter of all studied structures decreased throughout the first month of life (p<0.05) without any sex effect (p>0.05). The umbilical vessels and the allantoic duct were slightly wider (diameter 1-3 mm larger) in calves conceived by IVF. Differently from the highest values previously demonstrated for Bos taurus calves, we can disclose that in healthy newborn Nelore calves the thickness of the structures which make the external navel should not exceed 2 cm, the diameter of the umbilical vein and artery ...


Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Umbilical Cord/anatomy & histology , Fertilization/physiology , Umbilicus/anatomy & histology , Cattle/classification , Ultrasonography
4.
Rev. bras. cir. plást ; 28(1): 119-123, jan.-mar. 2013. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-687358

ABSTRACT

INTRODUÇÃO: A ausência da cicatriz umbilical causa alteração importante na forma do abdome, tornando-se, desse modo, imprescindível na anatomia do mesmo. Sua reconstrução deve seguir seus aspectos anatômicos, conferindo aspecto natural ao final do tratamento. A nova cicatriz umbilical deve ter boa forma, bom posicionamento, não apresentar cicatriz estigmatizante, estenose ou alargamentos, e ter aspecto natural. MÉTODO: Foram operados 162 pacientes submetidos previamente a gastroplastia aberta para tratamento de obesidade mórbida e 2 pacientes submetidos a cirurgia videolaparoscópica. Foram utilizados 2 retalhos retangulares paralelos, medindo 2 cm x 1,5 cm, que foram suturados entre si e fixados à aponeurose dos músculos reto abdominais. Os retalhos apresentavam a transição com a pele em forma curvilínea. A fixação dos retalhos foi realizada com 2 pontos paralelos, que atingiam a derme do retalho de um lado, a derme do retalho do lado oposto e a aponeurose. Desse modo, foi obtida a união dos 2 retalhos, comprimindo-se levemente a porção distal dos mesmos. Em seguida, foi realizada aproximação do tecido gorduroso ao redor da nova cicatriz umbilical. RESULTADOS: Com a técnica apresentada, obteve-se a formação de todas as unidades anatômicas (mamelão, sulco e rodete), além de profundidade adequada em todas as cicatrizes umbilicais reconstruídas. Não foi observado nenhum caso de estenose umbilical, cicatriz hipertrófica ou queloide nas novas cicatrizes umbilicais. CONCLUSÕES: A técnica apresentada para reconstrução da cicatriz umbilical, respeitando as unidades anatômicas, proporciona forma bem natural e, com o passar do tempo, ocorre uma sobra de pele em sua porção superior, conferindo graciosidade à mesma.


BACKGROUND: The absence of the umbilicus causes significant changes in the appearance of the abdomen, thus making it an essential part of anatomy. The reconstruction procedures should account of the anatomical position to ensure a natural appearance after treatment. The new umbilicus should have a good shape and appropriate position, but should not have an unaesthetic appearance, stenosis, or enlargement. METHODS: This study included 162 patients who previously underwent open gastroplasty for the treatment of morbid obesity and 2 patients who underwent laparoscopic surgery. We used 2 parallel rectangular flaps measuring 2 × 1.5 cm that were sutured together and fixed to the aponeurosis of the rectus abdominis muscles. The flaps exhibited a curvilinear-shaped skin transition. The attachment flaps were created with 2 parallel points that reached the dermis on both sides of the flap and aponeurosis. Thus, the union of 2 flaps was obtained, which were slightly compressed at their distal portion. Thereafter, the fat tissue around the new umbilicus was approximated. RESULTS: The technique described produced all anatomical units including a base, groove, and impeller as well as adequate depth of the umbilical scar in all cases. There were no cases of umbilical stenosis, hypertrophic scars, or keloid scars in the new umbilici. CONCLUSIONS: This technique for the reconstruction of the umbilicus takes into account the anatomical units and provides a very natural appearance, eventually resulting in a slight excess of skin in the upper portion, thus giving a graceful appearance.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , History, 21st Century , Surgical Flaps , Umbilicus , Obesity, Morbid , Cicatrix , Review , Plastic Surgery Procedures , Abdomen , Bariatric Surgery , Anatomy, Regional , Surgical Flaps/surgery , Umbilicus/anatomy & histology , Umbilicus/surgery , Obesity, Morbid/surgery , Cicatrix/surgery , Cicatrix/rehabilitation , Plastic Surgery Procedures/methods , Bariatric Surgery/methods , Abdomen/anatomy & histology , Abdomen/surgery , Anatomy, Regional/methods
5.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 63(4): 941-947, ago. 2011. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-599614

ABSTRACT

Foram utilizados 128.700, 44.227, 90.383, 47.506, 42.619, 45.057, 17.666 e 27.181 dados, respectivamente, de peso à desmama (PD), peso ao sobreano (PS), escore de umbigo à desmama (UD), escore de umbigo à desmama de macho (UDM), escore de umbigo à desmama de fêmea (UDF), escore de umbigo ao sobreano (US), escore de umbigo ao sobreano de macho (USM) e escore de umbigo ao sobreano de fêmea (USF) com o objetivo de estimar parâmetros genéticos de escore visual do umbigo e as respectivas correlações genéticas com as características de crescimento - peso à desmama e peso ao sobreano -, em bovinos da raça Nelore, aplicando-se um modelo animal em análises uni e bicaracterísticas. As estimativas de herdabilidade (h²) para as características UD, UDM, UDF, US, USM, USF, PD e PS foram de 0,14±0,01; 0,18±0,02; 0,15±0,01; 0,26±0,01; 0,32±0,03; 0,27±0,02, 0,29±0,01 e 0,27±0,02, respectivamente, em análises unicaracterísticas. Em análises bicaracterísticas, as estimativas de h² para UD, US, PD e PS foram de 0,15, 0,27, 0,29 e 0,45, respectivamente. As correlações genéticas estimadas entre UDM e UDF, entre USM e USF e entre UD e US foram positivas e altas, as correlações genéticas entre escore do umbigo e características de crescimento foram todas positivas e de magnitudes de baixa a moderada.


Records of 128,700, 44,227, 90,383; 47,506; 42,619; 45,057; 17,666 and 27,181 animals were analyzed, for weight at weaning (WW), yearling weight (YW), navel score at weaning (NW), male navel score at weaning (MNW), female navel score at weaning (FNW), navel score at yearling (NY), male navel score at yearling (MNY) and female navel score at yearling (FNY), respectively, to estimate genetic parameters of navel visual scores and growth traits in Nelore cattle, using uni and bi-traits analysis. Heritability estimates obtained by uni-traits analysis for NW, MNW, FNW, NY, MNY, FNY, WW and YW traits were 0.14±0.01; 0.18±0.02; 0.15±0,01; 0.26±0,01; 0.32±0.03; 0.27±0.02; 0.29±0.01 and 0.27±0.02, respectively. Heritability estimates obtained by bi-traits analysis of NW, NY, WW and YW were 0.15; 0.27; 0.29 and 0.45. Genetic correlations between MNW and FNW, between MNY and FNY and between NW and NY, were positive and high, suggesting that these traits were determined by the same genes. Genetic correlation between navel score and growth traits were all positive and of low to moderate magnitude.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Body Weight , Cattle/growth & development , Prolapse , Foreskin/pathology , Templates, Genetic , Umbilicus/anatomy & histology , Weaning , Growth/genetics , Genetic Enhancement
6.
Yonsei Medical Journal ; : 1004-1007, 2008.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-126737

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: The varied morphology of the umbilical ring and its surrounding structures, such as the ligamentum teres hepatis, and the median and medial umbilical ligaments, has not been thoroughly investigated. Hence, this study was undertaken to clarify the morphologic variations of these structures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The anterior abdominal walls were removed en bloc from 57 adult cadavers and dissected under a surgical microscope. RESULTS: One case of umbilical hernia was observed, and the remaining 56 umbilical rings were classified into 3 types: oval or round in 33 cases (Type A, 59.0%), obliterated or slitted in 12 cases (Type B, 21.4%), and completely covered by a connecting band between the ligamentum teres hepatis and umbilical ligaments in 11 cases (Type C, 19.6%). The median and medial umbilical ligaments were classified into four types based on their interrelationships. The most common type was the median umbilical ligament terminated by joining one or both medial umbilical ligaments (Type II, 41.1%). The ligamentum teres hepatis frequently ended by dividing into several branches in the area cranial to the umbilical ring, some of which crossed the umbilical ring. The umbilical fascia covered the umbilical ring in 50.0% of cases, and the rest either not covering the ring or not existing. CONCLUSION: These results are expected to improve our understanding of the anatomy of the umbilical area, and further improve treatments of the umbilical hernia.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Autopsy , Hernia, Umbilical/pathology , Ligaments/anatomy & histology , Umbilicus/anatomy & histology
7.
ACM arq. catarin. med ; 32(supl.1): 274-275, out. 2003. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-517788

ABSTRACT

Várias técnicas têm sido utilizadas para reconstruir a cicatriz umbilical, mas nenhuma tem mostrado ser a ideal para todos os casos. Os autores apresen- tam um caso de reconstrução imediata de umbigo, utilizando uma técnica de simples execução, realizada após ressecção de foco de endometriose.


Various techniques have been used to reconstruct umbilical scar, however none have appeared to be the ideal for all cases. The authors present a case of imediat reconstruction of umbilicus making use of an simple technique wich was done after resection if umbilical endometriosis.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Endometriosis , Umbilicus , Endometriosis/surgery , Endometriosis/physiopathology , Endometriosis/rehabilitation , Umbilicus/anatomy & histology , Umbilicus/abnormalities , Umbilicus/surgery , Umbilicus/injuries , Umbilicus/pathology
8.
Ginecol. obstet. Méx ; 66(12): 503-6, dic. 1998.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-232607

ABSTRACT

La mayor parte de los cirujanos inducen el neumoperitoneo con la aguja de Verres por una incisión infra o supraumbilical y sólo un reducido grupo lo hace a través de la cicatriz umbilical. El presente reporte expone la experiencia de los autores utilizando la vía transumbilical y enfatiza sus ventajas y diferencias sobre el abordaje umbilical convencional. Se revisaron los expedientes de los últimos 100 casos de colecistectomía laparoscópica efectuados en diferentes hospitales por nuestro grupo. En 93 casos se utilizó la técnica transumbilical. En cuatro pacientes se encontró una pequeña hernia umbilical sin contenido herniario, que no impidió la utilización del ombligo para inducir el neumoperitoneo. Sólo en cinco casos se encontró discreta infiltración del peritoneo parietal, sin dificultad para continuar con el procedimiento. No se presentó ningún caso de infección local, hematoma o hernia umbilical. La vía transumbilical para la inducción del neumoperitoneo es útil y segura, fácil de reparar, con bajo índice de infecciones y mejores resultados estéticos. La cicatriz que deja, es casi invisible en el fondo del ombligo y tiene ventajas sobre la incisción supra o intraumbilical que utilizan la mayoría de los cirujanos. Observando las precauciones y utilizando la técnica descrita por los autores, es una forma rápida útil y segura para iniciar los procedimientos de cirugía endoscópica


Subject(s)
Humans , Pneumoperitoneum, Artificial , Laparoscopy/instrumentation , Laparoscopy/methods , Umbilicus/anatomy & histology
9.
Farm. al día ; 3(7): 376, 1992. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-270097
10.
Cir. pediátr ; 2(1): 36-40, feb.-mayo 1983. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-123199

ABSTRACT

Se reúnen 12 pacientes con patología de Uraco ingresados al Departamento de Cirugía Pediátrica del Hospital Materno Infantil `San Bartolomé' entre los años 1964 a 1973 (15 años). Se revisan aspectos embriológicos, anatómicos, sintomáticos, diagnósticos, complicaciones y tratamiento para cada una de las alteraciones, así como su incidencia en relación al sexo y la edad. De los pacientes estudiados 6 fueron Senos Uracales, 5 Uracos Permeables y Quiste Uracal. La edad más frecuente para el inicio de los síntomas y signos fue entre el nacimiento y los seis primeros meses de vida. Predominó el sexo masculino. De los exámenes auxiliares, el que presta mayor ayuda es la fistulografía con sustancias de contraste practicada a través del ombligo y que dibuja un trayecto ciego o rellena la vejiga. Se comprueba que el tratamiento de elección es quirúrgico y que la mortalidad es baja.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Urachal Cyst/diagnosis , Urachus/pathology , Digestive System , Peru , Umbilicus/anatomy & histology
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