The histological differences of the ureter in Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) compared with some other domestic avian species / Diferencias histológicas del uréter en codornices japonesas (Coturnix japonica) en comparación con algunas otras especies avícolas domésticas

The aim of this investigation was to determine the histological differences of anatomical regions of the ureter in Japanese quail compared with some other domestic avian species such as pigeon, European starling and fowl. Tissue samples from proximal, middle and distal regions of each ureter were obtained and stained with H & E, Alcian blue (pH 2.5), Periodic acid-Schiff, Masson's trichrome, Verhoeff's, and Gomori's method for reticulum. The histology and histochemistry of the ureter showed considerable differences among various anatomical regions of the ureter. No significant sex-based differences were found. The primary branches of ureter were composed of tunica mucosa, submucosa, muscularis and serosa, whereas the wall of smaller branches of ureter only consisted of epithelium and connective tissue fibers. The intraepithelial glands were not found in some region of ureter. The mucosal folds and microvilli were more identified in the proximal region than those of the other regions of the organ. The simple columnar epithelium of proximal region was changed to pseudostratified columnar in other regions of the ureter. In all different regions of ureter, lymphatic tissues were not observed in the lamina propria. The thickness of the tunica muscularis increased from the proximal to the distal region of the ureter. Unusual findings of the ureter in Japanese quail were the presence of reticular, elastic and collagenous fibers in all the connective tissues of organ, isometric longitudinal folds and muscularis mucosa.

El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar las diferencias histológicas de las regiones anatómicas del uréter en codornices japonesas en comparación con otras especies avícolas domésticas como la paloma, el estornino y la gallina europeos. Se obtuvieron muestras de tejido de las regiones proximal, media y distal de cada uréter y se tiñeron con H & E, azul de Alcian (pH 2,5), ácido periódico Schiff, tricrómico de Masson, método de Verhoeff y Gomori para retículo. La histología y la histoquímica del uréter mostraron diferencias considerables entre varias regiones anatómicas. No se encontraron diferencias significativas basadas en el sexo. Las ramas primarias del uréter estaban compuestas de túnica mucosa, submucosa, muscular y serosa, mientras que la pared de las ramas más pequeñas del uréter estaba constituida únicamente por epitelio y fibras de tejido conectivo. Las glándulas intraepiteliales no se encontraron en ninguna región del uréter. Los pliegues de la mucosa y las microvellosidades fueron más identificadas en la región proximal del uréter. El epitelio columnar simple de la región proximal se presentó como columnar pseudostratificado en otras regiones del uréter. En todas las diferentes regiones del uréter, los tejidos linfáticos no se observaron en la lámina propia. El espesor de la túnica muscular se incrementó desde la región proximal a la distal del uréter. Hallazgos inusuales del uréter en codornices japonesas lo constituyeron la presencia de fibras reticulares, elásticas y colágenas en todos los tejidos conectivos del órgano, pliegues longitudinales isométricos y mucosa muscular.

Bilateral extraluminal ectopic ureters in a Maine Coon cat / Ureter ectópico extraluminal bilateral em um felino da raça Maine Coon

Ectopic ureters are rarely observed in cats. Therefore, for a better chance of success in the corrective surgical procedure and survival of the patient, diagnosis should be confirmed early. This report illustrates the occurrence of bilateral ectopic ureters in a seven month old Maine Coon cat and describes the medical and surgical management adopted for correction of the abnormality.

A ectopia dos ureteres é raramente observada em gatos. Assim, para aumentar as chances de sucesso do procedimento cirúrgico corretivo e promover a sobrevivência, o diagnóstico deve ser firmado precocemente. O relato em tela ilustra a ocorrência de ureter ectópico bilateral em uma gata Maine Coon, de sete meses, e descrevem-se as manobras médico-cirúrgicas adotadas na correção dessa anormalidade.

Analysis of ureteral length in adult cadavers

Introduction In some occasions, correlations between human structures can help planning surgical intra-abdominal interventions. The previous determination of ureteral length helps pre-operatory planning of surgeries, reduces costs of auxiliary exams, the correct choice of double-J catheter with low morbidity and fewer symptoms, and an adequate adhesion to treatment. Objective To evaluate ureteral length in adult cadavers and to analyze its correlation with anthropometric measures. Materials and Methods: From April 2009 to January 2012 we determined ureteral length of adult cadavers submitted to necropsy and obtained the following measures: height, distance from shoulder to wrist, elbow-wrist, xiphoid appendix-umbilicus, umbilicus-pubis, xiphoid appendix-pubis and between iliac spines. We analyzed the correlations between ureteral length and those anthropometric measures. Results We dissected 115 ureters from 115 adult corpses from April 2009 to January 2012. Median ureteral length didn't vary between sexes or according to height. It was observed no correlation among ureteral length and all considered anthropometric measures in all analyzed subgroups and in general population. There were no significant differences between right and left ureteral measures. Conclusions There is no difference of ureteral length in relation to height or gender (male or female). There is no significant correlation among ureteral length and the considered anthropometric measures. .

Relationship of uterine artery with ureter.

The study was done to see the relationship of right and left uterine artery with corresponding ureter. Their distance from lateral border of uterus and site of crossing in relation to internal os in Bangladeshi female were observed. Sixty post mortem specimens containing uterus, uterine tube, ureter and surrounding structures were collected from cadavers of different age groups and fixed in 10% formol saline solution. Gross and fine dissections were carried out to study the relationship and distance of uterine artery where it crosses the corresponding ureter and the site of crossing in relation to internal os. In the present study our findings were compared with those of the standard text books. In this study, there were no variations regarding relations of right and left uterine artery with corresponding ureter. In all cases of all age groups, ureters were found to cross the uterine artery anteriorly on both sides. Site of crossing of uterine artery of both sides with ureter at the level of internal os was 50% in 2-12 years (Group A) 20.45% in 13-45 years (Group B) and 12.50% in 46-80 years (Group C) age group. Below the level of the os was found in remaining cases except one which crosses above the level of the os in group B. In this study mean distance of uterine artery where it crosses the ureter from lateral border of uterus was more on right side in all age groups, which was 1.67 cm, 2.30 cm and 2.11 cm in age Group A, B & C respectively.

Ureter circuncavo (retrocavo) / Circuncavo ureter (retrocavo)

Presentamos un caso de ureter circuncavo y revisamos las manifestaciones clínicas, radiológicas y alternativas terapéuticas de esta entidad. El ureter circuncavo, reportado por primera vez en 1893 por Hochstetter, es un defecto congénito del desarrollo de la vena cava inferior en vez de una anomalía uretral donde la causa usual es que el sistema venoso fetal postcardinal no se atrofia y se convierte en la vena cava inferior del adulto aunque otras anomalías venosas como doble vena cava del lado derecho y vena cava inferior bilateral han sido descritas. El nombre ureter circuncavo es preferible al de retrocavo o postcavo debido a que el ureter proximal que pasa posterior a la vena cava luego reaparece antero medial habiendo rodeado parcialmente a la vena cava inferior. El verdadero ureter retrocavo que transcurre toda su longitud detrás de la vena cava inferior es raro. Esta anomalía se desarrolla casi exclusivamente en el lado derecho, pero ha sido descrito un caso bilateral en un monstruo con agneesia cardíaca y un caso de ureter circuncavo izquierdo asociado con situs inversus. La incidencia de esta anomalía es más frecuente en hombres que en mujeres en una relación 2,81 aunque no hay una clara explicación anatómica o embriológica. No se han encontrado factores étnicos, raciales o familiares que modifiquen la incidencia. La frecuencia de ureter circuncavo es aproximadamente 1 en 1500 cadáveres. Aquí presentamos un caso y revisaremos las manifestaciones clínicas. radiológicas y alternativas terapéuticas de esta entidad

Effect of short versus long stents on ureteral healing and histology experimental and clinical application

This study was done to determine the effect of stenting on the histology of the ureter and the reversibility of these changes and to assess the importance of stenting on ureteral healing after different surgical procedures, with clinical evaluation of the use of short stents to replace the traditional long ones, especially because most reports concerned with ureteral healing and the stent dated back to the late fifties, with controversial results with some later reports. The experimental part included 12 dogs, in which a segment of the ureter 2 cm long and including two thirds of the circumference of the ureter was excised, the ureter was stented across the site of the defect using long stents, i.e. from the kidney to the bladder in six cases, in the other six cases short stents were applied just enough to bridge the ureteral defect. Intravenous urography was done for follow up of the dogs after removal of the stents to evaluate the state of the involved renal unit, while histopathological examination of the healed segment, the ureter above and below the healed segment was done after sacrificing of the dogs. It was concluded that proper ureteral healing after excision of part of the ureteral wall can occur around a stent whether it is short or long and that the use of short stent avoids the harmful effect of the stent on the whole ureter. Application of short stents in the human ureter was extremely beneficial and prevents the possibility of stent migration and avoid the necessity of endoscopic extraction of the stent when it is only required to divert urine for short time

Reparacion microquirurgica del ureter. Estudio experimental / Microsurgical reconstruction of the ureter. An experimental trial

El objetivo de este trabajo fue demostrar las ventajas que reporta la aplicacion de la tecnica microquirurgica en la cirugia ureteral. Se utilizaron un total de 15 perros, divididos en 3 grupos. En un primer grupo se realizo la sutura del ureter derecho con tecnica de sutura discontinua, en el segundo, la anastomosis del ureter izquierdo mediante puntos continuos. En ambos grupos se practico la ablacion del rinon contralateral, para demostrar la permiabilidad del ureter durante el proceso de cicatrizacion. En el tercer grupo se efectuo la sutura de ambos ureteres, y se ejecuto en el derecho, la uretero-uterostomia, terminoterminal con puntos discontinuos y en el ureter izquierdo, con puntos continuos. El material de sutura que se utilizo fue poliamida 10-0 monofilamento con aguja curva espatulada y el medio de magnificacion la gafa-lupa de 2,3 x. Los estudios y anatomopatologicos demuestran la ausencia de complicaciones tanto renales como ureterales, lo que confirma la superioridad del metodo microquirurgico sobre los procederes macroquirurgicos

Duplicación ureteral: implicaciones diagnósticas y terapéuticas / Ureteral duplication: diagnostic and therapeutic implications

Se revisaron retrospectivamente los resultados del tratamiento de 34 niños de doble sistema colector, entre los que predominó la duplicación completa de 82 por ciento. La anomalía acompañante más frecuente el reflujo vesicoureteral en 47 por ciento de los casos, seguido del ureterocele en 24 por ciento y uréter ectópico en 12 por ciento. Sus manifestaciones clínicas más frecuentes fueron infección de vías urinarias, tumoración abdominal e incontinencia, en orden de frecuencia. El diagnóstico se logró mediante urograma excretor en 80 por ciento de los casos, y se complementó con ecosonograma, uretrocistograma y gammagrama renal. Los procedimiento quirúrgicos realizados consistieron en reimplantación ureteral de tipo de Cohen, heminefrectomía y ureteroureteroanastomosis con resultados satisfactorios en 90 por ciento de los casos. Las complicaciones más frecuentes ocurrieron en los casos de reimplantación, con 9 por ciento por estenosis. Se concluye que la conducta quirúrgica definitiva depende de la individualización de cada caso según el tipo de anomalías, y del grado de funcionalidad de los segmentos renales implicados

Contribuiçäo morfológica à túnica muscular do ureter / Morphological contribution of the muscular tunic of the ureter

Faz-se uma análise histológica da túnica muscular em 20 ureteres principalmente na sua porçäo terminal. Estuda-se morfologicamente a superposiçäo de camadas concêntricas existentes na referida túnica e compara-se os resultados com o de outros autores