ABSTRACT
Neste artigo, analisamos as temáticas, os posicionamentos, as formas expressivas, os atores legitimados e os recursos visuais e sonoros empregados na produção de 482 vídeos sobre vacinas, publicados de 2020 a 2022 na plataforma de vídeos curtos Kwai. A partir de análise temática e de análise de conteúdo, identificamos que os vídeos apresentaram, em sua maioria, posicionamento favorável ou neutro em relação às vacinas e que ressaltaram as experiências pessoais com a vacinação. Não obstante, utilizaram sobretudo um tom hu-morístico no tratamento do assunto, com potencial desinformativo quanto aos efeitos colaterais das vacinas. Concluímos assim que, por um lado, o Kwai tem sido utilizado para expressão de experiências positivas com a vacinação, que podem estimular a adesão aos imunizantes, mas, por outro, tem sido também espaço para a circulação de percepções negativas e temores que podem suscitar dúvidas quanto à segurança das vacinas.
In this article, we analyze the themes, positions, expressive forms, legitimized actors, and both visual and sound resources used in the production of 482 videos about vaccines, published from 2020 to 2022 on the short video platform Kwai. Based on thematic analysis and content analysis, we identified that the videos predominantly presented a favorable or neutral stance toward vaccines and that they highlighted personal experiences with immunization. However, they mainly used a humorous tone when dealing with the subject, thereby potentially disseminating misinformation regarding the adverse effects of vaccines. We thus conclude that, on the one hand, Kwai has been used to express positive experiences with vaccination, which can stimulate adherence to vaccinations, but, on the other hand, it has also been a space for the circulation of negative perceptions and fears that can raise doubts regarding the safety of vaccines.
En este artículo, analizamos los temas, posiciones, formas expresivas, actores legitimados y recursos visuales y sonoros utilizados en la producción de 482 videos sobre vacunas publicados de 2020 a 2022 en la plataforma de videos cortos Kwai. A partir del análisis temático y de contenido, identificamos que los videos presentaban, en su mayoría, una posición favorable o neutral con relación a las vacunas y que destacaban experiencias per-sonales con la vacunación. Sin embargo, al abordar el tema, utilizaron, principalmente, un tono humorístico, con potencial desinformativo sobre los efectos secundarios de las vacunas. De ese modo, concluimos que, por un lado, el Kwai tiene sido utilizado para expresar experiencias positivas con la vacunación que pueden estimular la adhesión a las vacunas, pero, por otro lado, también tiene sido un espacio para la circulación de percepciones negativas y miedos que pueden plantear dudas sobre la seguridad de las vacunas.
Subject(s)
Vaccines , Information Dissemination , Online Social Networking , COVID-19 , Disinformation , Brazil , Immunization , Computer Security , Communication , Webcasts as Topic , Webcast , Social Networking , Social Network AnalysisABSTRACT
Introducción. El descenso de las coberturas de vacunación fue muy significativo en la última década. Los pediatras son una pieza fundamental para recuperar coberturas y aumentar la confianza en la vacunación. Objetivos. Describir la percepción de los pediatras acerca del conocimiento y prácticas sobre vacunas, e identificar barreras en el acceso. Métodos. Estudio analítico observacional, mediante encuesta en línea. Se incluyeron variables del perfil del profesional, capacitación y barreras en inmunizaciones. Resultados. Participaron 1696 pediatras (tasa de respuesta: 10,7 %), media de 50,4 años. El 78,7 % fueron mujeres. El 78,2 % contaba con ≥10 años de ejercicio profesional. El 78,4 % realizaba atención ambulatoria y el 56,0 % en el subsector privado. El 72,5 % realizó una capacitación en los últimos 2 años. Se manifestaron "capacitados" para transmitir a sus pacientes los beneficios de las vacunas: 97,2 %; objetivos de campañas: 87,7 %; contraindicaciones: 82,4 %; efectos adversos: 78,9 %; recupero de esquemas: 71,2 %; notificación de ESAVI: 59,5 %. La proporción fue estadísticamente superior, en todos los aspectos, en pediatras con ≥10 años de ejercicio y en aquellos con capacitación reciente (p ≤ 0,01). Barreras identificadas en el acceso a la vacunación: falsas contraindicaciones (62,3 %); falta temporaria de vacunas (46,4 %); motivos culturales (41,4 %); horario restringido del vacunatorio (40,6 %). Conclusiones. La percepción del grado de capacitación fue variable según el aspecto de la vacunación. Aquellos con mayor tiempo de ejercicio profesional y con actualización reciente se manifestaron con mayor grado de capacidad. Se identificaron múltiples barreras frecuentes asociadas al acceso en la vacunación.
Introduction. The decline in vaccination coverage has been very significant in the past decade. Pediatriciansplay a key role in catching-up coverage and increasing confidence in vaccination. Objectives. To describe pediatricians' perceptions of vaccine knowledge and practices and to identify barriers to access. Methods. Observational, analytical study using an online survey. Variables related to professional profile, training and barriers to vaccination were included. Results. A total of 1696 pediatricians participated (response rate: 10.7%). Their mean age was 50.4 years; 78.7% were women; 78.2% had ≥ 10 years of experience; 78.4% provided outpatient care and 56.0%, in the private subsector; and 72.5% received training in the past 2 years. Respondents described themselves as "trained" in convey the following aspects to their patients: benefits of vaccines: 97.2%; campaign objectives: 87.7%; contraindications: 82.4%; adverse effects: 78.9%; catchup vaccination: 71.2%; reporting of events supposedly attributable to vaccination or immunization: 59.5%. The proportion was statistically higher in all aspects, among pediatricians with ≥ 10 years of experience and those who received training recently (p ≤ 0.01). The barriers identified in access to vaccination were false contraindications (62.3%), temporary vaccine shortage (46.4%), cultural reasons (41.4%), and restricted vaccination center hours (40.6%). Conclusions. The perception of the level of training varied depending on the vaccination-related aspect. Pediatricians with more years of professional experience and those who received recent updates perceivedthemselves as more trained. Multiple barriers associated with access to vaccination were identified.
Subject(s)
Humans , Middle Aged , Vaccines , Vaccination , Perception , Argentina , Surveys and Questionnaires , PediatriciansABSTRACT
Objetivo: Fomentar o debate acerca da ordenação do plano de vacinação nacional, considerando os aspectos organizacionais entre união, estados e municípios. Métodos: Revisão de literatura, tendo como base os periódicos Cientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO), Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) e Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde (BVS), usando como descritores: Pandemia, Vacina e Plano de Imunização. Com essa busca foram encontradas, inicialmente, 48 publicações. Após a realização da análise, foram incluídos 11 artigos científicos na revisão. Os textos foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo semântica. Resultados: Foram levantadas duas categorias: estratégias de combate a pandemia do covid-19 no Brasil, e a manipulação da sociedade civil e a desordem da cobertura vacinal. Conclusão: as reflexões aqui apresentadas podem contribuir para que os profissionais de enfermagem desenvolvam uma postura reflexiva frente a demanda vacinal, processo de planejamento e percepções da sociedade civil, podendo desencadear uma melhora na preparação para a educação em saúde. (AU)
Objective: To encourage the debate about the ordering of the national vaccination plan, considering the organizational aspects between the union, states and municipalities. Methods: Literature review, based on scientific journals Electronic Library Online (SCIELO), Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES) and Virtual Health Library (VHL), using as descriptors: Pandemia, Vaccine and Immunization Plan. With this search, 48 publications were initially found. After the analysis, 11 scientific articles were included in the review. The texts were subjected to semantic content analysis. Results: Two categories were raised: strategies to combat the covid-19 pandemic in Brazil, and the manipulation of civil society and the disorder of vaccination coverage. Conclusion: The reflections presented here can contribute for nursing professionals to develop a reflexive posture in face of the vaccine demand, planning process and civil society perceptions, which can trigger an improvement in the preparation for health education. (AU)
Objetivo: Fomentar el debate sobre la ordenación del plan nacional de vacunación, considerando los aspectos organizativos entre sindicato, estados y municipios. Métodos: Revisión de la literatura, con base en revistas científicas Biblioteca Electrónica en Línea (SCIELO), Coordinación para el Perfeccionamiento del Personal de Educación Superior (CAPES) y Biblioteca Virtual en Salud (BVS), utilizando como descriptores: Pandemia, Vacuna y Plan de Inmunización. Con esta búsqueda se encontraron inicialmente 48 publicaciones. Después del análisis, se incluyeron 11 artículos científicos en la revisión. Los textos fueron sometidos a análisis de contenido semántico. Resultados: Se plantearon dos categorías: estrategias para combatir la pandemia de covid-19 en Brasil y la manipulación de la sociedad civil y el desorden de la cobertura de vacunación. Conclusión: Las reflexiones aquí presentadas pueden contribuir para que los profesionales de enfermería desarrollen una postura reflexiva ante la demanda de vacunas, el proceso de planificación y las percepciones de la sociedad civil, lo que puede desencadenar una mejora en la preparación para la educación en salud. (AU)
Subject(s)
Pandemics , Vaccines , Immunization ProgramsABSTRACT
Introduction Dendritic cell (DC) vaccines have demonstrated good efficacy in preventing relapse and in increasing survival of patients affected by a variety of both solid and hematological tumors. Most protocols used to generate these cells involve the automated separation of peripheral blood monocytes from patients. This approach requires specialized equipment, which elevates the cost of this type of therapy, potentially limiting the widespread access to patients. Method: In this study, we compare the yield and quality of dendritic cells generated from monocytes and isolated by an automated method or by manual methods using gradient centrifugation. Results The results demonstrate the equivalence of the 3 methods in relation to the yield and final quality of the product, however with considerable differences between the costs of these procedures. In addition, this study also demonstrates the feasibility of the antigenic pulse with autologous tumor cell lysates, constituting a source of antigens, not only easily obtained and manipulated, but also specific to the patient's tumor. Conclusion These findings may have important implications for emerging centers interested in using this medical approach and potentially increase the access of a greater number of patients to this therapeutic option.
Subject(s)
Dendritic Cells , Vaccines , Cell Culture Techniques , ImmunotherapyABSTRACT
Objetivo: avaliar o perfil e os fatores associados à covid-19 em residentes no município de Alegre, Espírito Santo. Métodos: foi realizado um estudo epidemiológico com delineamento transversal no município de Alegre, por meio de inquérito domiciliar, entre os meses de novembro e dezembro de 2021. A análise descritiva foi realizada por meio de distribuição de frequências para as variáveis categóricas e por mediana e intervalo interquartil para as variáveis contínuas. Os fatores associados foram analisados por regressão de Poisson com variância robusta. Resultados: foram entrevistadas 687 pessoas, das quais 18,8% reportaram ter contraído a covid-19. A infecção foi mais frequente entre mulheres e pessoas mais jovens, especialmente antes da vacinação. A vacina inicial mais usada foi a Coronavac (42,6%), enquanto a dose de reforço foi predominantemente da Pfizer (86,30%). Cerca de um terço das aplicações de vacina resultou em reações adversas, destacando-se febre (56%), dor no corpo (31%) e dor de cabeça (41%). A automedicação foi comum, com 76,9% dos entrevistados utilizando medicamentos para tratar a covid-19, sendo a Azitromicina (26,4%), Ivermectina (24,0%) e Dipirona (10,8%) as mais citadas. Fatores como consultas médicas recentes e automedicação foram associados à ocorrência de covid-19. Conclusão: os resultados deste estudo podem ajudar a conscientizar a população sobre fatores que podem agravar a doença, destacando a importância do reforço nas medidas de prevenção.
Objective: to evaluate the profile and factors associated with covid-19 in residents of the municipality of Alegre through a household survey between the months of November and December 2021. Methods: An epidemiological study with a cross-sectional design was carried out in the city of Alegre in 2021. The descriptive analysis was carried out using frequency distribution for categorical variables and the median and interquartile range for continuous variables. Associated factors were analyzed using Poisson regression with robust variance. Results: 687 people were interviewed, with 18.8% reporting having contracted covid-19. Infection was more common among women and younger people, especially before vaccination. The most used initial vaccine was Coronavac (42.6%), while the booster dose was predominantly from Pfizer (86.30%). Around a third of vaccine applications resulted in adverse reactions, including fever (56%), body pain (31%) and headache (41%). Self-medication was common, with 76.9% of respondents using medications to treat covid-19, with Azithromycin (26.4%), Ivermectin (24.0%), and Dipyrone (10.8%) being the most cited. Factors such as recent medical appointments and self-medication have been associated with the occurrence of covid-19. Conclusion: the results of this study can help raise awareness among the population about factors that can worsen the disease, highlighting the importance of reinforcing prevention measures.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , COVID-19 , Vaccines , Epidemiology , Coronavirus , Disease Prevention , PandemicsABSTRACT
La vacunación tiene la capacidad de salvar vidas, así como la prevención y control de las enfermedades inmunoprevenibles; dando la oportunidad a los niños y niñas de crecer saludables y con cariño. Para el cumplimiento de todo lo relacionado a la recepción, notificación, análisis, evaluación y seguimiento de acciones correctivas, las siguientes instancias; Dirección Nacional de Medicamentos DNM, Superintendencia de Productos Sanitarios, Dirección de Inmunizaciones, Dirección de Epidemiología y Laboratorio Nacional de Salud Pública, en conjunto con el Centro Nacional de farmacovigilancia (CNFV), deben establecer directrices que permitan notificar y realizar el seguimiento de cualquier evento supuestamente atribuible a la vacunación e inmunización. ESAVI y error programático relacionado a la vacunación y/o a la ejecución de las actividades de vacunación e inmunización
Vaccination has the capacity to save lives, as well as the prevention and control of immunopreventable diseases; giving children the opportunity to grow up healthy and caring. For the fulfilment of all matters related to the receipt, notification, analysis, evaluation and follow-up of corrective actions, the following instances; National Directorate of Medicines DNM, Superintendence of Medical Devices, Directorate of Immunizations, Directorate of Epidemiology and National Laboratory of Public Health, in conjunction with the National Pharmacovigilance Centre (CNFV)should establish guidelines for reporting and monitoring any event allegedly attributable to vaccination and immunization. ESAVI and programme error related to vaccination and/or the implementation of vaccination and immunization activities.
Subject(s)
Child , Vaccines , El SalvadorABSTRACT
A resposta imunológica pelo SARS-CoV-2 após protocolos vacinais e infecção natural é pouco compreendida. Comparando indivíduos vacinados com esquema heterólogo que receberam um reforço vacinal (imunidade vacinal) com aqueles que apresentaram episódio leve de COVID-19 (imunidade híbrida) no mesmo período, verificamos níveis semelhantes de anticorpos contra SARS-CoV-2. Em culturas de células mononucleares, o estímulo com o antígeno viral induziu produção de citocinas pró-inflamatórias nos dois grupos, entretanto, os níveis de IL-17 foram menores em indivíduos com imunidade vacinal. Nossos resultados sugerem que o reforço vacinal teve efeitos semelhantes à infecção natural pelo SARS-CoV-2 na resposta imunológica de indivíduos previamente vacinados. (AU)
The immune response generated by SARS-CoV-2 vaccination protocols and natural infection remains incompletely understood. We compared individuals who received a heterologous vaccination scheme with a booster shot (vaccine immunity) to those who experienced a mild COVID-19 episode (hybrid immunity) during the same timeframe. Our findings revealed similar levels of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in both groups. Stimulation by viral antigen in mononuclear cell cultures induced pro-inflammatory cytokines in both groups, while individuals with vaccine immunity exhibited lower IL-17. These results suggest that a vaccine booster can induce an immune response in previously vaccinated individuals comparable to that elicited by natural SARS-CoV-2 infection. (AU)
Subject(s)
Vaccines , Cytokines , SARS-CoV-2 , COVID-19 , Immunity , AntibodiesABSTRACT
Introduction@#COVID-19 has emerged as a global problem with vaccines being established as one of the best tools in its control. Of particular interest in dermatology are risks and manifestations of cutaneous reactions from such countermeasures, with strides made in documenting and associating skin reactions with vaccines against COVID-19. This study aimed to determine the incidence of cutaneous adverse reactions in recipients of recombinant ChAdOx1-S and inactivated SARS-COV-2 vaccines among healthcare personnel and employees of UERMMMCI.@*Methods@#A cross-sectional study was done were respondents, chosen through randomized stratified cluster sampling, were given a questionnaire to elicit cutaneous adverse effects associated with COVID-19 vaccines.@*Results@#There were198 respondents, of which 29.3% were male and 70.7% were female, with a mean age of 26.07 years. Of these respondents, 72 (36.36%) received recombinant ChAdOx1-S and 126 (63.64%) received inactivated SARS-COV-2 vaccine. For the first dose, cutaneous reactions developed in 6 (8.33%) recipients of recombinant ChAdOx1-S, and 2 (1.59%) recipients of inactivated SARS-COV-2. For the second dose, no reactions followed vaccination with recombinant ChAdOx1-S while 4 (3.17%) reactions developed after inactivated SARS-COV-2 vaccination. Lesions were mostly confined to the injection site presenting with erythema for both vaccine types. One urticarial, widespread reaction was associated with a second dose of inactivated SARS-COV-2 vaccine.@*Conclusions@#Adverse reactions to COVID-19 vaccinations have been documented which may be attributed to respective excipients rather than vaccine antigens. Due to the rare occurrence of severe anaphylactic reactions, vaccine use is recommended as they confer protection even to those with prior infections. Documented reactions in this study were observed to be mild and self- limiting similar to larger studies.
Subject(s)
Vaccines , COVID-19 , PandemicsABSTRACT
Early secreted antigenic target of 6 kDa protein (ESAT-6) is the major virulence factor of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), which can resist the clearance of MTB in bodies by inhibiting macrophage phagocytosis and autophagy reaction, thus impeding the immune defense function of the body against MTB infection. In addition, ESAT-6-induced apoptosis of macrophage and massive necrosis of innate immune cells can foster MTB proliferation and colonization, leading to systemic MTB infection. Moreover, ESAT-6 hampers the protective immune response of Th1 cells, reducing the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and contributing to immune dysfunction, thus accelerating the course of MTB infection. During the process, the high immunogenicity of ESAT-6 can be leveraged as a dominant antigen in the development of new TB vaccines, making it a promising candidate with broad prospects for further development.
Subject(s)
Humans , Mycobacterium tuberculosis , Vaccines , Cytokines , Apoptosis , Autophagy , SepsisABSTRACT
Objective: To investigate the distribution and hantavirus (HV) carrying state in host animals of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in Henan Province from 2019 to 2022. Methods: Host animal monitoring was carried out at the monitoring sites of HFRS in Henan Province. The real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to detect hantavirus in rat lungs. The types of hantavirus were analyzed. The positive samples were sequenced and then sequence homology and variation were analyzed. Results: A total of 1 308 rodents were captured from 2019 to 2022, 16 specimens of rat lungs tested positive for hantavirus nucleic acid. The positive rate of HV was 1.22% (16/1 308). According to type, the positive rate of HV in Apodius agrarius was the highest (68.75%, 11/16). According to distribution, the positive rate of HV in field samples was the highest (2.50%, 12/480), and the positive rate of HV in residential samples was 0.53% (4/759). The typing results of 16 positive samples showed that all viruses were hantavirus type Ⅰ (hantaan virus). The positive samples were sequenced and eight S gene fragments (GenBank number: OQ681444-OQ681451) and six M gene fragments (OQ681438-OQ681443) were obtained. The S and M gene fragments were similar to the Shaanxi 84FLi strain and Sichuan SN7 strain. Phylogenetic analysis of S and M gene fragments showed that they all belonged to the hantaan virus-H5 subtype. Amino acid sequence analysis revealed that, compared with the hantaan virus vaccine strain 84FLi, the 74th amino acid encoded by eight S fragments was replaced by aspartamide with serine. Tryptophan was replaced by glycine at the 14th position of Gn region in XC2022047, and isoleucine was replaced by alanine at the 359 position of XC2022022 and XC2022024. Conclusion: The hantavirus carried by host animals in Henan Province from 2019 to 2022 belongs to the type Ⅰ (hantaan virus), and Apodemus agrarius is still the dominant host animal of the hantaan virus. Compared with the vaccine strains, amino acid sites are replaced in the immune epitopes of the S and M gene fragments.
Subject(s)
Animals , Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome/epidemiology , Phylogeny , Orthohantavirus/genetics , Murinae , Amino Acids/genetics , VaccinesABSTRACT
Malignant tumors in children are one of the most important diseases that threaten the health and quality of life of children and are the second most common cause of death in children.With the continuous improvement and progress of treatment technology, the long-term survival rate of children with tumor has been significantly improved, but both the disease itself and the treatment can impair the immune function of children, which makes them vulnerable to various infectious diseases and secondary serious complications, and even become a source of infection, endangering the health of others. Vaccination is the most cost-effective measure to prevent infectious diseases. For children with normal immune functions, the benefits of vaccination usually outweigh the disadvantages. However, there is a lack of detailed data on the vaccination situation, efficacy and safety of vaccine use for such immunocompromised tumor survivors, and there are no authoritative and uniform vaccination recommendations. This article reviewed and summarized the literature and consensus of some domestic and foreign scholars on current status of post-treatment vaccination status, efficacy and safety of vaccination for children with tumors after treatment, with the aim of providing a reference for the practice in this field in China.
Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Quality of Life , Vaccination , Vaccines , Neoplasms/prevention & control , Communicable DiseasesABSTRACT
Objective: To investigate the distribution and hantavirus (HV) carrying state in host animals of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in Henan Province from 2019 to 2022. Methods: Host animal monitoring was carried out at the monitoring sites of HFRS in Henan Province. The real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to detect hantavirus in rat lungs. The types of hantavirus were analyzed. The positive samples were sequenced and then sequence homology and variation were analyzed. Results: A total of 1 308 rodents were captured from 2019 to 2022, 16 specimens of rat lungs tested positive for hantavirus nucleic acid. The positive rate of HV was 1.22% (16/1 308). According to type, the positive rate of HV in Apodius agrarius was the highest (68.75%, 11/16). According to distribution, the positive rate of HV in field samples was the highest (2.50%, 12/480), and the positive rate of HV in residential samples was 0.53% (4/759). The typing results of 16 positive samples showed that all viruses were hantavirus type Ⅰ (hantaan virus). The positive samples were sequenced and eight S gene fragments (GenBank number: OQ681444-OQ681451) and six M gene fragments (OQ681438-OQ681443) were obtained. The S and M gene fragments were similar to the Shaanxi 84FLi strain and Sichuan SN7 strain. Phylogenetic analysis of S and M gene fragments showed that they all belonged to the hantaan virus-H5 subtype. Amino acid sequence analysis revealed that, compared with the hantaan virus vaccine strain 84FLi, the 74th amino acid encoded by eight S fragments was replaced by aspartamide with serine. Tryptophan was replaced by glycine at the 14th position of Gn region in XC2022047, and isoleucine was replaced by alanine at the 359 position of XC2022022 and XC2022024. Conclusion: The hantavirus carried by host animals in Henan Province from 2019 to 2022 belongs to the type Ⅰ (hantaan virus), and Apodemus agrarius is still the dominant host animal of the hantaan virus. Compared with the vaccine strains, amino acid sites are replaced in the immune epitopes of the S and M gene fragments.
Subject(s)
Animals , Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome/epidemiology , Phylogeny , Orthohantavirus/genetics , Murinae , Amino Acids/genetics , VaccinesABSTRACT
Malignant tumors in children are one of the most important diseases that threaten the health and quality of life of children and are the second most common cause of death in children.With the continuous improvement and progress of treatment technology, the long-term survival rate of children with tumor has been significantly improved, but both the disease itself and the treatment can impair the immune function of children, which makes them vulnerable to various infectious diseases and secondary serious complications, and even become a source of infection, endangering the health of others. Vaccination is the most cost-effective measure to prevent infectious diseases. For children with normal immune functions, the benefits of vaccination usually outweigh the disadvantages. However, there is a lack of detailed data on the vaccination situation, efficacy and safety of vaccine use for such immunocompromised tumor survivors, and there are no authoritative and uniform vaccination recommendations. This article reviewed and summarized the literature and consensus of some domestic and foreign scholars on current status of post-treatment vaccination status, efficacy and safety of vaccination for children with tumors after treatment, with the aim of providing a reference for the practice in this field in China.
Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Quality of Life , Vaccination , Vaccines , Neoplasms/prevention & control , Communicable DiseasesABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objective: This study aims to examine the risk perceptions of midwifery and nursing senior students regarding COVID-19 and compliance with vaccination and protective measures. Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted in two academic years on senior midwifery and nursing students (n = 358). In the present study, the descriptive characteristics of the students and the COVID-19 risk perception scale were used. Results: The students' COVID-19 Risk Perception Scale scores were at a moderate level and a similar level in both years of this study. More than 80% of the students were fully vaccinated, and the family history of COVID-19 was positive in approximately half of them. In the second year of the pandemic, they paid less attention to social distance and avoidance of being indoors. Conclusion: Although the COVID-19 risk perceptions of future health professional students remained at a similar level during the examined period, it was found that in the second year of the pandemic, they started to get used to the process and paid less attention to social protective measures.
RESUMO Objetivo: Este estudo tem como objetivo examinar as percepções de risco de estudantes sêniores de obstetrícia e enfermagem em relação à COVID-19 e o cumprimento das medidas de vacinação e proteção. Método: Este estudo transversal foi realizado ao longo de dois anos acadêmicos com estudantes sêniores de obstetrícia e enfermagem (n = 358). No presente estudo, foram utilizadas as características descritivas dos estudantes e a escala de percepção de risco da COVID-19. Resultados: As pontuações dos estudantes na Escala de Percepção de Risco da COVID-19 situaram-se num nível moderado e semelhante em ambos os anos do estudo. Mais de 80% dos estudantes estavam totalmente vacinados, e aproximadamente metade deles tinha histórico familiar de COVID-19. No segundo ano da pandemia, prestaram menos atenção ao distanciamento social e aos hábitos de evitar permanência em espaços fechados. Conclusão: Embora as percepções de risco da COVID-19 dos futuros profissionais de saúde tenham permanecido em níveis semelhantes durante o período examinado, verificou-se que, no segundo ano da pandemia, começaram a acostumar-se com o processo e prestaram menos atenção às medidas de proteção social.
RESUMEN Objetivo: Este estudio tiene como objetivo examinar las percepciones de riesgo de los estudiantes seniors de obstetricia y enfermería con respecto a COVID-19 y su cumplimiento con la vacunación y las medidas de protección. Método: Este estudio transversal se llevó a cabo en dos años académicos con estudiantes seniors de obstetricia y enfermería (n = 358). En el presente estudio, se utilizaron las características descriptivas de los estudiantes y la escala de percepción de riesgo de COVID-19. Resultados: Las puntuaciones en la Escala de Percepción de Riesgo de COVID-19 de los estudiantes estaban en un nivel moderado y similar en ambos años de este estudio. Más del 80% de los estudiantes estaban completamente vacunados y la historia familiar de COVID-19 fue positiva en aproximadamente la mitad de ellos. En el segundo año de la pandemia, prestaron menos atención a la distancia social y a evitar estar en interiores. Conclusión: Aunque las percepciones de riesgo de COVID-19 de los futuros profesionales de la salud se mantuvieron en un nivel similar durante el período examinado, se encontró que en el segundo año de la pandemia, empezaron a acostumbrarse al proceso y prestaron menos atención a las medidas de protección social.
Subject(s)
Humans , Students , Vaccines , COVID-19 , Security Measures , Health Risk , Health OccupationsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: In 2020, the first vaccines were approved, according to the WHO. However, speculations arose regarding their efficacy and post-vaccination adverse events (AEFV). OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence of headache as AEFI from the SARSCoV-2 vaccine in Piauí, Brazil. METHODS: This is a quantitative, observational, cross-sectional, and prevalence study. Data were provided by the Post-Vaccination Adverse Event Information System (SI-AEFV), from reported cases from January to September 2021. Data were analyzed, and the research was approved by the UFPI Research Ethics Committee. RESULTS: A total of 2,008 cases were analyzed. Headache was reported in 752 cases (27.99%) as an AEFV after vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. In most cases, patients were from Teresina (67.62%), of brown race/ethnicity (52.67%), female (79.00%), and the majority were not healthcare professionals (54.27%). The most common age of patients, with the original data, was 33 years. After data correction, the most common age was 28 years. The majority of these cases were not severe (96.44%), and the majority of cases were associated with the first dose of the Covid-19-Covishield-Oxford/AstraZeneca vaccine (43.18%).CONCLUSION: Thus, it is concluded from the partial analysis of the results that headache is the most common adverse event after vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. The profile of patients with the most notifications was brown women aged 30 to 40 years who received the first dose of the Covid-19-Covishield-Oxford/AstraZeneca vaccine. Regarding the severity of events, the vast majority were considered non-severe, and no deaths were mentioned, demonstrating the safety of immunobiologicals.
FUNDAMENTO: Em 2020, foram aprovadas as primeiras vacinas, segundo a OMS. No entanto, surgiram especulações quanto à sua eficácia e eventos adversos pós-vacinais (EAPV). OBJETIVO: Avaliar a prevalência de cefaleia como EAPV da vacina SARSCoV-2 no Piauí, Brasil. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, observacional, transversal e de prevalência. Os dados foram fornecidos pelo Sistema de Informação de Eventos Adversos Pós-Vacinação (SI-AEFV), dos casos notificados no período de janeiro a setembro de 2021. Os dados foram analisados ââe a pesquisa foi aprovada pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da UFPI. RESULTADOS: Foram analisados ââ2.008 casos. Cefaleia foi relatada em 752 casos (27,99%) como EAPV após vacinação contra SARS-CoV-2. Na maioria dos casos, os pacientes eram procedentes de Teresina (67,62%), de raça/etnia parda (52,67%), do sexo feminino (79,00%) e a maioria não era profissional de saúde (54,27%). A idade mais comum dos pacientes, com os dados originais, era de 33 anos. Após correção dos dados, a idade mais comum foi 28 anos. A maioria desses casos não foi grave (96,44%), e a maioria dos casos esteve associada à primeira dose da vacina Covid-19-Covishield-Oxford/AstraZeneca (43,18%).CONCLUSÃO: Assim, conclui-se a partir da análise parcial dos resultados de que cefaleia é o evento adverso mais comum após vacinação contra SARS-CoV-2. O perfil dos pacientes com mais notificações foi de mulheres pardas com idade entre 30 e 40 anos que receberam a primeira dose da vacina Covid-19-Covishield-Oxford/AstraZeneca. Quanto à gravidade dos eventos, a grande maioria foi considerada não grave e não foram mencionados óbitos, demonstrando a segurança dos imunobiológicos.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Vaccines/immunology , Vaccination/adverse effects , COVID-19/virology , Patients/classification , Safety/standards , Health Personnel/organization & administrationABSTRACT
Abstract Experimental research with the use of animal models to represent a specific reality is a target of criticism by the population. This study analyzed the knowledge of elementary and high school students on experimental/animal research methods, official ethical guidelines/laws, and regulatory institutions. In total, 35 students answered an informative questionnaire with objective questions about the subject. Only 18 students (Group 1), attended a lecture on the subject. The questionnaire was reapplied to all 35 students. The analysis of the first questionnaire round showed rejection by 51.4% of the students toward the methods used in experimental research. Significant changes in answer patterns between the first and second evaluations were observed, with a decrease in the number of students who strongly disagree with the methods used in experimental research in Group 1 (38.8%) compared to Group 2 (88.2%). These data suggest that educational activities could increase the acceptance of experimental research by the community.
Resumen La investigación experimental en animales para representar una realidad específica es criticada por la población. Este estudio analizó el conocimiento de los alumnos de la primaria y la secundaria sobre los métodos de investigación experimental/animal, los lineamientos/leyes éticas oficiales e instituciones que reglamentan. Un cuestionario con preguntas objetivas sobre el tema fue respondido por 35 alumnos. Solo 18 alumnos (Grupo 1) asistieron a una conferencia sobre el tema. El cuestionario se aplicó nuevamente a 35 alumnos. El primer cuestionario mostró que el 51,4% de los alumnos rechazaban los métodos utilizados en la investigación experimental. Hubo cambios significativos en las respuestas entre la primera y la segunda evaluación, con menor número de alumnos que estaban totalmente en desacuerdo con los métodos de la investigación experimental en el Grupo 1 (38,8%) en comparación con el Grupo 2 (88,2%). Por tanto, las actividades educativas pueden incrementar la aceptación comunitaria de la investigación experimental.
Resumo A pesquisa experimental com uso de modelos animais para representar uma realidade específica é alvo de críticas por parte da população. Este estudo analisou o conhecimento de alunos do ensino fundamental e médio sobre métodos de pesquisa experimental/animal, diretrizes/leis éticas oficiais e instituições reguladoras. Ao todo, 35 alunos responderam a um questionário informativo com perguntas objetivas sobre o assunto. Apenas 18 alunos (Grupo 1) assistiram a uma palestra sobre o tema. O questionário foi aplicado novamente aos 35 alunos. A análise do primeiro questionário mostrou rejeição por 51,4% dos estudantes em relação aos métodos utilizados na pesquisa experimental. Observaram-se mudanças significativas nos padrões de resposta entre a primeira e a segunda avaliação, com diminuição do número de alunos que discordam totalmente dos métodos utilizados na pesquisa experimental no Grupo 1 (38,8%) em relação ao Grupo 2 (88,2%). Esses dados sugerem que atividades educativas podem aumentar a aceitação da pesquisa experimental pela comunidade.
Subject(s)
Vaccines , Ethics Committees , Animal Experimentation , Drug DevelopmentABSTRACT
Este estudio observacional retrospectivo tuvo como objetivo abordar los posibles efectos de las vacunas inactivada y de ARNm en pacientes con trombocitopenia inmunitaria relacionados con la exacerbación. Para definir exacerbación, se consideró una disminución de más del 30 por ciento en el recuento de plaquetas con respecto al valor basal o un recuento de plaquetas disminuido a menos de 30×109/L o el desarrollo de una nueva hemorragia. Cincuenta y nueve (hombres 30,5 por ciento, mujeres 69,5 por ciento) de 208 pacientes con trombocitopenia inmunitaria, se inscribieron en el estudio. La mediana de edad fue de 47 años (rango 18-86). Se realizó un total de 171 vacunaciones en 59 pacientes. El 38 por ciento y el 62 por ciento de los pacientes fueron vacunados con Sinovac® y BioNTech®, respectivamente. En total, 10 (16,9 por ciento) pacientes experimentaron una disminución del recuento de plaquetas por debajo de 30×109/L tras la vacunación. Durante el último año antes de la pandemia, 19 de la misma cohorte (32,2 por ciento) experimentaron dicha disminución. Después de la primera, segunda y la dosis de refuerzo de la vacunación, el 12,7 por ciento, 13,8 por ciento y 15 por ciento de los pacientes experimentaron exacerbaciones, respectivamente; las exacerbaciones con hemorragias leves fueron del 2,3 por ciento y todos los episodios hemorrágicos se trataron con éxito comenzando con esteroides o aumentando la dosis de esteroides. No se registró ninguna hemorragia grave o potencialmente mortal. Se documentó una diferencia estadística en la exacerbación en los pacientes vacunados con la vacuna de ARNm (p =0,041) sólo después de la primera dosis y los pacientes más jóvenes experimentaron una mayor tasa de exacerbación sin significación estadística (p=0,06) después de la primera dosis. En conclusión, tanto la vacuna de ARNm como la inactivada parecen ser seguras para los pacientes con trombocitopenia inmunitaria con complicaciones hemorrágicas poco frecuentes. Especialmente los pacientes más jóvenes y los vacunados con vacunas de ARNm deben ser objeto de un seguimiento estrecho durante 1-2 meses después de la vacunación para detectar trombocitopenia(AU)
This retrospective observational study was aimed to address the possible effects of inactivated and mRNA vaccines in immune thrombocytopenia patients related to exacerbation. To define exacerbation, more than 30percent decrease in platelet counts from baseline or platelet counts decreased to less than 30×109/L and/or development of new bleeding were considered. Fifty-nine (male 30.5percent, female 69.5percent) out of 208 immune thrombocytopenia patients, were enrolled in the study. The median age was 47 (range18-86). A total of 171 vaccinations were performed in 59 patients. Thirty-eight and 62percent of patients were vaccinated with Sinovac® and BioNTech®, respectively. Overall, 10 (16.9percent) patients experienced decrease in platelet count below 30×109/L after vaccination. During the last year before pandemic, 19 of the same cohort (32.2percent) experienced such decrease. After first, second and booster dose vaccinations, 12.7percent, 13.8percent and 15percent of patients experienced exacerbation respectively; exacerbation with minor bleeding was 2.3percent and all bleeding episodes were successfully treated by starting with steroid or increasing the steroid dose. We did not report any severe and life-threatening bleeding. A statistical difference in exacerbation was documented in patients vaccinated with mRNA vaccine (p =0.041) only after the first dose and younger patients experienced a higher rate of exacerbation without statistical significance (p=0.06) after the first dose. In conclusion, both mRNA and inactivated vaccines seem to be safe for immune thrombocytopenia patients with rare bleeding complications. Especially younger patients and those vaccinated with mRNA vaccines should be followed up closely for 1-2 months post vaccination for thrombocytopenia(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , COVID-19/epidemiology , Purpura, Thrombocytopenic/epidemiology , Vaccines , Retrospective Studies , Observational StudyABSTRACT
Introducción: el programa de vacunación es una intervención de salud pública cuyo propósito es controlar o eliminar enfermedades inmunoprevenibles. El objetivo de este trabajo fue estimar la evolución del presupuesto en vacunas entre 2007 y 2022, y el impacto de potenciales mejoras en el calendario de vacunaciones de Paraguay. Método: se estimó la evolución del presupuesto en vacunas según los cambios entre 2007 y 2022, y el impacto de esquemas alternativos versus el actual, que incluyen la vacuna contra la influenza cuádruple, séxtuple en lactantes, el agregado de la vacuna contra papiloma en varones y meningococo ACYW en adolescentes. La perspectiva del análisis fue la del Ministerio de Salud Pública y el horizonte temporal de un año. Los resultados de las alternativas se expresan como impacto presupuestal versus el año 2022. Resultados: entre 2007 y 2022 la cantidad de biológicos del Programa Ampliado de Inmunizaciones pasó de 11 a 18 e incorporó indicaciones de algunas vacunas. Se estima que el presupuesto se incrementó de 3,8 a 29,9 millones de dólares entre los extremos de la serie. Las alternativas implicarían un incremento de 13%, 35%, 5% y 10%, individualmente. El incremento en conjunto alcanza el 62%. Conclusiones: el aumento del gasto en vacunas fue de ocho veces entre 2007 y 2022. Se estima el impacto presupuestal en diferentes escenarios que se interpretan como mejoras comparadas con el actual de 2022, siendo el incremento más exigente de un 35%. La evidencia generada puede colaborar en el proceso de toma de decisiones acerca de esta política pública en Paraguay.
Introduction: the vaccination program is a public health intervention aimed at controlling or eliminating vaccine-preventable diseases. The objective of the study was to estimate the evolution of the vaccine budget between 2007 and 2022 and the impact of potential improvements in Paraguay's vaccination schedule. Method: the evolution of the vaccine budget was estimated considering the changes introduced between 2007 and 2022 and the impact of alternative schedules versus the current one. These alternatives include the addition of the quadrivalent influenza vaccine, the hexavalent vaccine for infants, the inclusion of the HPV vaccine for boys, and the ACYW meningococcal ACYW vaccine for adolescents. The analysis was conducted from the perspective of the Ministry of Health, with a time horizon of one year. The results of the alternatives are expressed as budget impact compared to the year 2022. Results: between 2007 and 2022, the number of biological products in the EPI increased from 11 to 18, and additional indications for some vaccines were incorporated. The budget is estimated to have increased from 3.8 to 29.9 million USD over the series. The alternatives would result in individual increases of 13%, 35%, 5%, and 10%. The combined increase reaches 62%. Conclusions: the increase in vaccine expenditure was eightfold between 2007 and 2022. The budget impact was estimated in different scenarios, interpreted as improvements compared to the current 2022 scenario, with the most demanding increase being 35%. The generated evidence can assist in the decision-making process regarding this public policy in Paraguay.
Introdução: o programa de vacinação é uma intervenção de saúde pública cuja finalidade é controlar ou eliminar doenças imunopreveníveis. O objetivo deste estudo foi estimar a evolução do orçamento de vacinas entre 2007 e 2022 e o impacto de possíveis melhorias no cronograma de vacinação do Paraguai. Métodos: estimamos a evolução do orçamento de vacinas de acordo com as mudanças ocorridas entre 2007 e 2022 e o impacto de esquemas alternativos em relação ao atual, que incluem a vacina quádrupla contra a gripe, a sextupla em bebês, a adição da vacina contra o papilomavírus em homens e a vacina meningocócica ACYW em adolescentes. A perspectiva da análise foi a do Ministerio de Salud e o intervalo de tempo foi de um ano. Os resultados das alternativas são expressos como impacto orçamentário em relação a 2022. Resultados: Entre 2007 e 2022, o número de produtos biológicos do PAI aumentou de 11 para 18 e incorporou indicações para algumas vacinas. Estima-se que o orçamento tenha aumentado de US$ 3,8 milhões para US$ 29,9 milhões entre os extremos da série. As alternativas implicariam em um aumento de 13%, 35%, 5% e 10% individualmente. O aumento geral chega a 62%. Conclusões: o aumento nos gastos com vacinas foi de oito vezes entre 2007-2022. O impacto orçamentário é estimado em diferentes cenários que são interpretados como melhorias em comparação com o cenário de 2022, sendo que o aumento mais exigente é de 35%. As evidências geradas podem contribuir para o processo de tomada de decisão relacionado a essa política pública no Paraguai.
Subject(s)
Vaccines/economics , Vaccination/economics , Health Evaluation/methods , Delivery of Health Care/economics , Analysis of the Budgetary Impact of Therapeutic AdvancesABSTRACT
Calendario de Inmunizaciones 2024 de población infantil, escolar y adulta.
Subject(s)
Respiratory Syncytial Viruses , BCG Vaccine , Influenza Vaccines , Smallpox Vaccine , Vaccines , Viral Hepatitis Vaccines , Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine , Chile , Immunization , Hepatitis B Vaccines , Vaccines, Combined , Immunization Programs , Chickenpox Vaccine , Meningococcal Vaccines , Pneumococcal Vaccines , Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine , Yellow Fever Vaccine , Papillomavirus Vaccines , Heptavalent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine , COVID-19 VaccinesABSTRACT
La urgente necesidad de desarrollar y producir vacunas seguras y efectivas para garantizar la reducción de la propagación del coronavirus de tipo 2 causante del síndrome respiratorio agudo severo, hizo que el Centro de Inmunología Molecular y el Instituto Finlay de Vacunas, desarrollaran dos vacunas y un candidato vacunal contra la COVID-19, que tienen como componente la molécula del dominio de unión al receptor (aa 319-541) del virus. Para establecer el proceso productivo, se realizaron experimentos en los posibles pasos del proceso de purificación de la molécula del dominio de unión al receptor (aa 319-541), con vistas a su posterior transferencia tecnológica a escala industrial. Dicha molécula está fusionada con una etiqueta de hexahistidina en su extremo C-terminal y presenta nueve residuos de cisteína en su secuencia que forman cuatro enlaces disulfuros intramoleculares, quedando una cisteína libre que permite obtener dos moléculas: dimérica y monomérica, antígenos que forman parte de las vacunas SOBERANA®02 y SOBERANA®Plus y el candidato vacunal SOBERANA 01. Se determinaron las mejores condiciones de adsorción de las matrices cromatográficas de afinidad por quelatos metálicos, intercambio catiónico y exclusión molecular. Se evaluó el desempeño del proceso a escala piloto y se caracterizó la molécula de acuerdo a sus propiedades físico-químicas y biológicas. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron un 60,02 ± 5,15por ciento de recuperación total de la proteína de interés, con más del 98% de pureza en ambas moléculas, una eficiente remoción de contaminantes y una antigenicidad mayor del 90por ciento referido al monómero control del dominio de unión al receptor con 99 por ciento de pureza, lo que demuestra que el proceso establecido es eficiente en la obtención de un producto con la calidad requerida(AU)
The urgent need to develop and produce safe and effective vaccines to guarantee the reduction of the spread of the type 2 coronavirus that causes severe acute respiratory syndrome, led the Center for Molecular Immunology and the Finlay Vaccine Institute to develop two vaccines and one candidate vaccine to combat the 2019 coronavirus pandemic. As part of the establishment of the production process, experiments were carried out on the possible steps of the purification process of the receptor binding domain molecule (aa 319-541) with a view to its subsequent technological transfer on an industrial scale. This molecule is fused with a hexahistidine tag at its C-terminal end and has nine cysteine residues in its sequence that form four intramolecular disulfide bonds; leaving a free cysteine that allows two molecules to be obtained: dimeric and monomeric, which constitute the antigens of the SOBERANA®02 and SOBERANA®Plus vaccines and the SOBERANA 01 vaccine candidate. The best adsorption conditions of the chromatographic matrices of affinity for metal chelates, cationic exchange and molecular exclusion were determined. The performance of the process was evaluated on a pilot scale and the molecule was characterized according to its physical-chemical and biological properties. The results obtained showed a 60.02 ± 5.15percent total recovery of the protein of interest with more than 98% purity in both molecules, an efficient removal of contaminants and an antigenicity greater than 90percent referred to the control monomer of the domain receptor binding with 99% purity; which demonstrates that the established process is efficient in obtaining a product with the required quality(AU)