Origanum vulgare essential oil and carvacrol: natural alternatives against resistant bacteria / Óleo essencial de origanum vulgare e carvacrol: alternativas naturais contra bactérias resistentes / El aceite esencial de origanum vulgare y el carvacrol: alternativos naturales contra las bacterias resistentes

Bacteria that are resistant to several antibiotics are a serious One Health problem, as new alternatives for treatment do not appear at the same speed. Thus, the aim of this work was to carry out a survey of studies involving the activity of the essential oil of O. vulgare and its isolated compound carvacrol on antibiotic-resistant bacteria. To this end, a qualitative review of the literature was carried out in the PubMed database from 2015 to 2020. Both for the essential oil and for the isolated compound, the inhibitory action extends to strains often associated with difficult-to-treat infections such as oxacillin and vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, ß-lactamase-producing strains, carbapenemases, among others. The point that distinguishes the studies is the type of methodology used in the tests, with studies with carvacrol more directed towards mechanisms of molecular action and application in cells and animals, while those with oils are more preliminary. Although these substances have potential to control resistant bacteria, more research is needed to enable their use.

Bactérias resistentes a vários antibióticos são um grave problema para a Saúde Única, pois novas alternativas de tratamento não aparecem na mesma velocidade. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar um levantamento de estudos envolvendo a atividade do óleo essencial de O. vulgare e seu composto isolado, carvacrol, sobre bactérias resistentes a antibióticos. Para tanto, foi realizada uma revisão qualitativa da literatura na base de dados PubMed no período de 2015 a 2020. Tanto para o óleo essencial quanto para o composto isolado, a ação inibitória se estende a cepas frequentemente associadas a infecções de difícil tratamento como Staphylococcus aureus resistente à oxacilina e vancomicina, cepas produtoras de ß-lactamase, carbapenemases, entre outras. O ponto que diferencia os estudos é o tipo de metodologia utilizada nos testes, sendo os estudos com carvacrol mais direcionados para mecanismos de ação molecular e aplicação em células e animais, enquanto os com óleos são mais preliminares. Embora essas substâncias tenham potencial para controlar bactérias resistentes, mais pesquisas são necessárias para viabilizar seu uso.

Las bacterias resistentes a diversos antibióticos son un grave problema para la Sanidad Única, ya que las nuevas alternativas de tratamiento no aparecen a la misma velocidad. Así pues, el objetivo de este trabajo fue realizar una encuesta sobre los estudios relativos a la actividad del aceite esencial de O. vulgare y su compuesto aislado, el carvacrol, sobre las bacterias resistentes a los antibióticos. Para ello, se realizó una revisión bibliográfica cualitativa en la base de datos PubMed en el periodo comprendido entre 2015 y 2020. Tanto para el aceite esencial como para el compuesto aislado, la acción inhibidora se extiende a cepas frecuentemente asociadas a infecciones de difícil tratamiento como el Staphylococcus aureus resistente a la oxacilina y a la vancomicina, cepas productoras de ß-lactamasas, carbapenemasas, entre otras. El punto que diferencia los estudios es el tipo de metodología utilizada en las pruebas, siendo los estudios con carvacrol más dirigidos a mecanismos de acción molecular y aplicación en células y animales, mientras que los de aceites son más preliminares. Aunque estas sustancias tienen potencial para controlar las bacterias resistentes, es necesario seguir investigando para que su uso sea viable.

Staphylococcus spp. Resistente a meticilina y Enterococcus spp. Resistente a Vancomicina aislados de pacientes del servicio de Medicina y emergencia de un hospital al norte del Perú / Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus spp. and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus spp. isolated from patients attending the medicine and emergency service at a hospital in northern Peru

Objetivo: Determinar la frecuencia de Staphylococcus spp. resistentes a meticilina y Enterococcus spp. resistente a vancomicina en pacientes asintomáticos procedentes del servicio de medicina y emergencia del Hospital Regional Lambayeque, Perú. Métodos: Durante los meses de abril a agosto del 2017 se estudiaron 101 pacientes de los servicios de medicina y emergencia del Hospital Regional Lambayeque. Para la toma de muestra se consideraron las regiones: nasal, faringe y rectal. El aislamiento primario se realizó en placas de agar manitol salado y agar bilis esculina, suplementadas con 6 µg/mL de oxacilina y 6 µg/mL de vancomicina, respectivamente. La identificación se llevó a cabo por bioquímica clásica. Para las pruebas de susceptibilidad antimicrobiana se emplearon los métodos de Kirby-Bauer y concentración mínima inhibitoria. Resultados: Se determinó una frecuencia de portadores de 83,17 por ciento. El 94,07 por ciento de los aislamientos de Staphyloccocus fueron meticilino resistentes mecA+ en 75 por ciento, el 43,33 por ciento presentó resistencia de alto nivel (>128 µg/mL) a este antimicrobiano; no se hallaron aislamientos resistentes a glicopéptidos. Enterococcus tuvo una frecuencia de 54,29 por ciento de resistencia a vancomicina, 42,84 por ciento a teicoplanina, fue el fenotipo van A (37,14 por ciento) el de predominio. También se determinó resistencia de alto nivel (>128 µg/mL) en este género en el 27,50 por ciento de los aislamientos. Conclusión: Se encontró una alta frecuencia de portadores de los géneros Staphylococcus y Enterocccus. Existen cepas multirresistentes a los antimicrobianos en portadores asintomáticos(AU)

Objective: Determine the frequency of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus spp. and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus spp. in asymptomatic patients attending the Medicine and Emergency Service at Lambayeque Regional Hospital in Peru. Methods: A total 101 patients attending the Medicine and Emergency Service at Lambayeque Regional Hospital were studied from April to August 2017. The nasal, pharyngeal and rectal regions were considered for sample taking. Primary isolation was performed on mannitol salt agar and bile aesculin agar plates supplemented with 6 µg/ml oxacillin and 6 µg/ml vancomycin, respectively. Identification was carried out by classic biochemistry. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were based on the Kirby-Bauer and minimum inhibitory concentration methods. Results: A carrier frequency of 83.17 percent was determined. 94.07 percent of the Staphylococcus isolates were mecA+ methicillin-resistant in 75 percent, and 43.33 percent displayed high-level resistance (>128 µg/ml) to this antimicrobial. Glycopeptide-resistant isolates were not found. Enterococcus exhibited a resistance frequency of 54.29 percent to vancomycin and 42.84 percent to teicoplanin. Van A was the prevailing phenotype (37.14 percent). High-level resistance was also determined in this genus (>128 µg/ml) in 27.50 percent of the isolates. Conclusion: A high frequency was observed of carriers of the genera Staphylococcus and Enterococcus. Antimicrobial-multiresistant strains are present in asymptomatic carriers(AU)

Isolation and characterization of vancomycin and erythromycin resistant Staphylococcus aureus from Cairo, Egypt

Aims@#Staphylococcus aureus is an important opportunistic human pathogen. The emergence of macrolide and vancomycin resistant S. aureus is of great concern for treatment of S. aureus infections. The current study aimed to investigate the pattern of antibiotic resistance in S. aureus clinical isolates recovered from El Boos Students’ hospital in Cairo, Egypt.@*Methodology and results@#Sixty unduplicated S. aureus isolates were recovered from El Boos Students’ hospital in Cairo, Egypt for 11 months period. The antibiotic susceptibility test revealed that all isolates were resistant to eleven antibiotics, but only 49 S. aureus isolates were resistant to cefoxitin. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of both erythromycin and vancomycin were determined by broth microdilution method. Two methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) isolates showing tolerance to both erythromycin and vancomycin at high concentration were selected for further characterization. One isolate was recovered from eye infection and had MIC at 256 µg/mL of both erythromycin and vancomycin. While another isolate was recovered from throat infection and had MIC of erythromycin and vancomycin up till 512 µg/mL. The presence of resistance genes (ermA, ermB, ermC, mef, msrA, vanA and vanB) were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Both MRSA isolates carried all tested resistance genes.@*Conclusion, significance and impact of study@#This study highlights the concern of presence of multidrug-resistant S. aureus which showed resistance to high concentrations of erythromycin, vancomycin and carried ermA, ermB, ermC, mef, msrA, vanA and vanB genes, therefore imposes risk of failure to treat such infections.