ABSTRACT
Resumen: El neuroblastoma es un tumor maligno del sistema nervioso simpático periférico con presentación y curso clínico heterogéneo. Es el tercer tumor pediátrico más frecuente y el 90% de los casos se diagnostica antes de los 5 años. Los síntomas más comunes se deben a la compresión por la masa tumoral o al dolor óseo causado por la metástasis. La diarrea como síntoma principal es rara por lo que es difícil de diagnosticar en la etapa temprana de la enfermedad. Se presenta el caso clínico de una paciente de 2 años en la que luego de 8 meses de estudio por diarrea crónica se diagnóstica ganglioneuroblastoma secretor de VIP. Se debe plantear como diagnóstico diferencial en los pacientes menores de 3 años con diarrea crónica intratable luego de haber descartado otras etiologías.
Summary: Neuroblastoma is a malignant tumor of the peripheral sympathetic nervous system with heterogeneous clinical presentation and course. It is the third most frequent pediatric tumor and in 90% of cases it is diagnosed before 5 years of age. The most typical symptoms result from the tumor compression or bone pain caused by methastasis. Diarrhea as the main symptom is unusual, and thus it is hard to diagnose in early stages of the disease. We report the case of a 2-year-old patient who, after 8 months of study for chronic diarrhea was diagnosed with VIP-secreting ganglioneuroblastoma. It is necessary for this condition to be considered as a differential diagnosis in patients younger than 3 years old with chronic diarrhea with no evolution, after other etiologies are ruled out.
Subject(s)
Humans , Ganglioneuroblastoma/diagnosis , Dysentery/etiology , Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide/metabolism , Ganglioneuroblastoma/complications , Diagnosis, DifferentialABSTRACT
The effect of the treatment with acetyl-L-carnitine (ALC) on neurons releasing the vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) of the submucous plexus in the jejunum of diabetic rats was the purpose of our investigation. Diabetes (DM) was induced by injecting streptozotocin endovenously (35mg/kg). After sacrificing the animals, the jejunum was collected and processed for VIP detection. Four groups were used: C (non-diabetic), CC (non-diabetic treated with ALC), D (diabetic), DC (diabetes treated with ALC). We analyzed the immunoreactivity and the cellular profile of 126 cell bodies. The treatment with ALC improved some aspects of DM. However, it promoted a small increase in the area of neurons from group CC, suggesting a possible neurotrophic effect. Neurons from groups D and DC showed a large increase in their cellular profile and immunoreactivity when compared to C and CC, suggesting a larger concentration of this neurotransmitter within the neurons that produce it. This observation constitutes a recurrent finding in diabetic animals, suggesting that ALC doesnot interfere in the pathophysiological mechanisms that unchain a higher production and/or neurotransmitter accumulation and increase the profile of the VIP-ergic neurons
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Acetylcarnitine/pharmacology , Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism , Jejunum/innervation , Neurons/metabolism , Nootropic Agents/pharmacology , Submucous Plexus/drug effects , Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide/metabolism , Blood Glucose/metabolism , Dietary Supplements , Diabetic Neuropathies/physiopathology , Immunohistochemistry , Jejunum/chemistry , Rats, Wistar , Streptozocin , Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide/analysisABSTRACT
En el presente trabajo se evalúa el efecto que produce el entorno social sobre la maduración neuronal y la expresión del péptido intestinal vasoactivo (VIP) en ratas postlactantes. Se emplearon técnicas de Golgi-Cox-Sholl e inmunocitoquímicas para evaluar el patrón de ramificación dendrítica y la expresión de VIP en animales criados en un medio social aislado (SA) versus uno social habitual (SH). Las ratas del grupo SA presentaron un menor porcentaje de dendritas basales asociado a un incremento en la expresión de VIP respecto de los animales SH. Estas alteraciones neuronales no fueron recuperadas a pesar de restituirles su entorno social durante 30 días. Los animales SA mostraron además un deterioro significativo de la conducta exploratoria. Estos hallazgos conjuntamente con antecedentes clínicos previos sugieren que el ambiente social temprano puede ocacionar cambios morfofuncionales notables en la corteza prefrontal
Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Prefrontal Cortex , Social Environment , Dendritic Cells , Immunohistochemistry/methods , Neuropeptides/physiology , Neuropeptides/metabolism , Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide/metabolism , Prefrontal Cortex , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Vasoactive Intestinal PeptideABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To study the distribution and proportion of neuropeptide containing nervers in the sinus node in cases of sudden manhood death syndrome (SMDS) and to explore the mechanism of SMDS.@*METHODS@#Immunohistochemical staining and quantitative analysis of neuropeptide Y (NPY) and vasoactive intestinal peptide(VIP) in the sinus node in 6 cases of SMDS and in 12 cases of non-cardiac death(control group) were achieved by LSAB method and computerized image system.@*RESULTS@#As for NPY positive materials, VIP positive materials and the ratio of VIP/NPY in the sinus nodes, there were no significant difference between the control group and SMDS group.@*CONCLUSION@#The mechanism of SMDS and the abnormality of autonomic nervous innervation in the sinoatrial nodes maybe incorrelation.
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Male , Autonomic Nervous System/physiology , Death, Sudden/pathology , Immunohistochemistry , Myocardium/metabolism , Neuropeptide Y/metabolism , Sinoatrial Node/innervation , Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide/metabolismABSTRACT
Accumulating evidence shows the involvement of neuropeptides in cardiovascular control in mammals as well as non-mammalian species. Our own immunohistochemical studies indicate a sparse innervation only in cyclostomes, holostean fish and lungfish, a more extensive variation and distribution in elasmobranchs and teleosts, and a rich and varied innervation of the cardiovascular system in crocodiles and lizards. Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), neuropeptide Y (NPY), gastrin releasing peptide (GRP) and tachykinins are present in most vertebrate groups. VIP is vasodilatory in the Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) as in most mammalian species, but increases gut vascular resistance in the spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias). NPY potentiates the effect of noradrenaline on skate (Raja rhina) coronary vessels, suggesting an interaction between adrenergic mechanisms and NPY early in evolution, but studies in the spiny dogfish and the crocodile also demonstrate different mechanisms for the action of NPY and adrenaline in some species. Bombesin/GRP increases flow to the gut in the spiny dogfish by an increase in somatic vascular resistance, while visceral resistance remains unchanged. In the caiman (Caiman crocodylus crocodylus) bombesin causes a shunting of blood from the lung to the gut. Substance P and other tachykinins in general increase flow to the gut, and on some occasions also increase somatic blood flow. Flow in the anastomosis of the crocodile (Crocodylus porosus) gut is increased by substance P. The results presented here are a review of several published and unpublished studies.
Subject(s)
Animals , Cardiovascular System/physiology , Neuropeptides/physiology , Bombesin/metabolism , Bombesin/physiology , Cardiovascular System/metabolism , Fishes/physiology , Alligators and Crocodiles/physiology , Neuropeptide Y/metabolism , Neuropeptide Y/physiology , Neuropeptides/metabolism , Substance P/physiology , Substance P/metabolism , Tachykinins/metabolism , Tachykinins/physiology , Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide/metabolism , Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide/physiologyABSTRACT
The synthetic peptides AC-Glu-Phe-Phe (NO2)-Arg-amide (peptide VP) and AC-Ile-Glu-Phe-Phe (NO2)-Arg-amide (peptide VIP) are more readily hydrolyzed by human pepsin in gastric juice of patients of gastritis than those of duodenal ulcer and normal subjects. The kinetic parameters suggest that S3 subsite of the enzyme plays a role in the elevation of enzyme activity in gastric disease.
Subject(s)
Amino Acid Sequence , Binding Sites , Duodenal Ulcer/enzymology , Gastric Juice/enzymology , Gastritis/enzymology , Humans , Kinetics , Molecular Sequence Data , Oligopeptides/metabolism , Pepsin A/metabolism , Reference Values , Substrate Specificity , Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide/metabolismABSTRACT
Fue investigado el efecto de la estimulación eléctrica de los nervios esplácnicos y vagos sobre la presión del esfínter esofágico inferior (PEEI) y la secreción de VIP y SP en el drenaje venoso del mismo esfínter. Se utilizó el esfínter esofágico porcino aislado in vivo. La integridad funcional de los nervios autónomos fue comprobada por el efecto de la estimulación nerviosa sobre la frecuencia cardíca. La estimulación vagal aumentó la PEEI 8 veces y la secreción de VIP 3 veces, lo que fue estadísticamente significativo (p , 0.01), mientras que la secreción de SP no fue afectada. La estimulación esplácnica aumentó significativamente la frecuencia cardíaca pero no tuvo efecto sobre la secreción de VIP ni SP y no modificó la PEEI. La atropina abolió parcialmente el efecto de la estimulación vagal sobre la PEEI, pero la secreción de VIP fue completamente resistente al bloqueo atropínico. La administración de guanetidina no tuvo ningún efecto sobre la PEEI ni sobre la secreción de VIP y SP tanto durante la estimulación esplácnica como durante la estimulación vagal. Dado que la estimulación vagal aumenta la secreción de VIP en el EEI sacamos como conclusión que VIP actúa como neurotransmisor. Sin embargo, el hallazgo de resistencia parcial a la atropina en la medición de la PEEI y resistencia total en la secreción de VIP y SP, sugiere que otros transmisores participan en la actividad vagal sobre la PEEI