ABSTRACT
Neonates with vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation (VGAM) presenting with severe cardiac failure and pulmonary hypertension represent a challenge for endovascular therapy.When early treatment is required, the small femoral arteries in this population are usually difficult to cannulate. Alternatively, the umbilical vessels offer a natural pathway to reach the lesion. Therefore, prenatal diagnosis of VGAM allows for delivery planning, perinatal management, and embolization through umbilical approach, thus leading to better outcomes.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Prenatal Diagnosis , Umbilical Cord , Vein of Galen Malformations/complications , Vein of Galen Malformations/therapy , Arteriovenous Malformations/therapy , Vein of Galen Malformations/diagnostic imaging , Endovascular Procedures/methods , Fetal Diseases/diagnostic imagingABSTRACT
Abstract Objective To describe the prenatal diagnosis of Galen vein aneurysm (GVA) based on ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in a series of cases, as well as its postnatal outcomes and follow-up until 4 years of age. Methods A retrospective longitudinal study was performed, analyzing a database comprising seven cases of prenatal diagnosis of GVA at two Brazilian institutions from February of 2000 to May of 2012. The following data were evaluated: gestational age at diagnosis, GVA dimensions on ultrasonography, associated fetal changes, findings on fetal echocardiography, gestational age at delivery, type of delivery, birth weight, Apgar score at the 1st and 5th minutes, neonatal outcomes, and survival with follow-up until 4 years of age. Results The mean gestational age ± standard deviation on the prenatal diagnosis of GVA based on ultrasonography was 25±4.9 weeks. The mean length of GVA was 3.2±0.4 cm. The mean gestational age at birth was 37.5±0.7 weeks, and a cesarean section was performed in 85.7% of the cases (6/7). The mean birth weight was 3,070±240.4 g. The total survival rate was 42.8% (4/7), with three neonatal deaths. Of the four survivors, three presented with normal neuropsychomotor development until 4 years of age and only one showed serious neurological sequelae. Ultrasonography and MRI showed similar findings for all seven cases. Conclusions Galen Vein Aneurysm is associated with a high neonatal death rate. Therefore, its prenatal diagnosis is essential for parent counseling and follow-up at tertiary care institutions.
Resumo Objetivo Descrever o diagnóstico pré-natal de uma série de casos de aneurisma de veia de Galeno (AVG) por meio de ultrassonografia e ressonância magnética (RM), bem como os resultados pós-natais e acompanhamento até 4 anos de vida. Métodos Realizou-se um estudo retrospectivo longitudinal com análise de banco de dados de sete casos de diagnóstico pré-natal de AVG em dois serviços brasileiros entre fevereiro de 2000 e maio de 2012. Foram avaliados a idade gestacional ao diagnóstico, dimensões do AVG na ultrassonografia, alterações fetais associadas, achados da ecocardiografia fetal, idade gestacional ao parto, tipo de parto, peso ao nascimento, índice de Apgar no 1° e 5° minutos, resultados neonatais, e sobrevida com acompanhamento até 4 anos de idade. Perinatais Resultados A idade gestacional média±desvio-padrão ao diagnóstico pré-natal do AVG pela ultrassonografia foi de 25±4,9 semanas. O comprimento médio do AVG foi 3,2±0,4 cm. A idade gestacional média ao nascimento foi 37,5±0,7 semanas, sendo que, em 85,7% dos casos (6/7) o parto foi cesáreo. O peso médio ao nascimento foi de 3.070±240,4 gramas. A sobrevida total foi de 42,8% (4/7), com três óbitos neonatais. Dos quatro sobreviventes, três apresentaram desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor normal até a idade de 4 anos, sendo que apenas um apresentou sequelas neurológicas graves. Ultrassonografia e RM apresentaram achados semelhantes nos sete casos. Conclusões O AVG está associado à elevada taxa de óbito neonatal, sendo, portanto, fundamental o seu diagnóstico pré-natal precoce para aconselhamento dos pais e seguimento em serviço terciário.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Ultrasonography, Prenatal , Vein of Galen Malformations/diagnostic imaging , Prenatal Diagnosis , Time Factors , Retrospective Studies , Longitudinal Studies , Vein of Galen Malformations/complications , Nervous System Diseases/etiologyABSTRACT
The vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation (VGAM) is an extremely rare arteriovenous malformation. The VGAM clinical manifestations vary depending on the magnitude of vascular compromise and the age at initial presentation. Neonates typically present with severe congestive heart failure. Here we present a case in which a systolic heart murmur was the first manifestation of high output heart failure due to a VGAM.
Las malformaciones de la vena cerebral de Galeno (MVG) son extremadamente raras. Sus manifestaciones clínicas varían dependiendo de la magnitud del compromiso vascular y la edad inicial de presentación. En neonatos, típicamente se presenta con una insuficiencia cardiaca congestiva grave. Se presenta un caso en el cual un soplo sistólico cardiaco fue la primera manifestación de una insuficiencia cardíaca de gasto alto secundaria a una malformación aneurismática de la vena de Galeno.
Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , Heart Failure/diagnosis , Heart Failure/etiology , Systolic Murmurs/etiology , Vein of Galen Malformations/complicationsABSTRACT
La malformación arteriovenosa de la vena de Galeno es una enfermedad congénita poco frecuente que se produce a partir de un defecto en la fusión de las venas cerebrales internas y que, debido a la baja resistencia, produce un cuadro de falla cardíaca de alto gasto. Las manifestaciones clínicas son muy variables y dependen de la edad de presentación. El pronóstico depende del tamaño del aneurisma. Se presenta el caso de un recién nacido del sexo masculino, con diagnóstico prenatal de aneurisma de la vena de Galeno y, desde el nacimiento, graves signos de insuficiencia cardíaca congestiva de difícil tratamiento. Se realiza una revisión sobre el tema
Arteriovenous malformation of Galen's vein is an uncommon congenital disease present from a defect in internal cerebral veins fusion and that due to the low resistance, produces a high output heart failure. Clinical manifestations are very variables depending on age of presentation. Prognosis depends on the size of aneurysm. This is the case of a male newborn diagnosed prenatally with Galen's vein aneurysm and from his birth severe signs of congestive heart failure of difficult treatment. A literature review on this subject is made