ABSTRACT
La enfermedad de Tako-Tsubo, conocida también como miocardiopatía de Tako-Tsubo o miocardiopatía por estrés, está caracterizada por dolor torácico, anormalidades del segmento ST-onda T en el ecosonograma, niveles séricos elevados de enzimas cardíacas y alteraciones en la motilidad del VI consistentes en acinesia apical extensa de carácter reversible. Describir las características clínicas y la experiencia del Centro Cardiovascular La Floresta en pacientes con miocardiopatía de Tako-Tsubo. Se realizó el diagnóstico de miocardiopatía de Tako-Tsubo en función de los criterios mayores y menores a pacientes ingresados a la sala de emergencia en el contexto de síndrome coronario agudo, sometidos a evaluación angiográfica, ecocardiográfica y egresados con seguimiento clínico y ecocardiográfico entre enero de 2006 a enero de 2008. De 288 pacientes 14 (5 %) cumplieron con criterios diagnósticos para miocardiopatía de Tako-Tsubo, todos refirieron estrés psicológico como desencadenante, cinco de estos 14 pacientes (36%), padecían de neoplasias malignas bajo tratamiento con quimioterapia, con edades promedio de 62 ± 12 años, de los cuales 9 (64%) fueron mujeres, todos con elevación de marcadores enzimáticos. Al ecosonograma presentaron alteraciones. En el ecocardiograma los pacientes tuvieron evidencia de acinesia apical y la fracción de eyección que estuvo por encima del límite inferior. Todos fueron sometidosa angiografía coronaria convencional y ventriculografía. La miocardiopatía de Tako-Tsubo es una entidad bien definida que imita a un síndrome coronario agudo. La estrategia diagnóstica está basada en la angiografía coronaria precoz sin omitir la ventriculografía. Especial interés debe ser puesto en pacientes con enfermedades neoplásicas que reciban quimioterapia.
Tako-Tsubo disease, also known as apical ballooning of the left ventricle or stress cardiomyopathy, is characterized by resting chest pain, ST-T changes on the ECG, elevated cardiac biomarkers and reversible extensive apical akinesis which mimics, at end systole, a japanese jar used to trap octopodes called Tako-Tsubo. To describe our experience at the Instituto Médico La Floresta in patients with Tako-Tsubo disease. The diagnosis of Tako-Tsubo disease was made based on major and minor criteria to patients admitted to the emergency department with the diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome, between january 2006 and january 2008. All patients underwent cardiac catheterization, coronary angiography, left ventriculography and transthoracic echocardiography and were followed-up clinically and with echocardiography for 6 months. Of 288 patients, 14 (5%) met the criteria for Tako-Tsubo disease, all had emotional stress as a trigger, 5 of these 14 pts (36%) had malignancies on chemotherapy. The age range was 62±12 years, 9 patients (64%) were women, all with elevated CK and CK-MB and 7 (50%) had also increased troponin levels. On the ECG 11 patients (79%) had inverted T waves and 3 (21%) showed ST segment elevation. One patient (7%) developed non-sustained ventricular tachycardia. On the echocardiogram and left ventriculography all showed the typical pattern of Tako-Tsubo disease at end systole and none had neither evidence of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction nor coronary artery disease. Tako-Tsubo disease is a distinct entity which mimics an ACS. The suggested approach is an early diagnostic coronary angiography with left ventriculography. Patients with malignancies on chemotherapy deserve special attention.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy/diagnosis , Cardiomyopathies/pathology , Acute Coronary Syndrome/pathology , Stress Disorders, Traumatic, Acute/physiopathology , Ventriculography, First-Pass/methods , Drug Therapy/methodsABSTRACT
To detect the functional importance of coronary collaterals, which develop after acute myocardial infarctions [AMI]. Forty patients with acute AMI whose coronary angiography demonstrated a total occlusion of the left anterior descendant [LAD] artery were included in the study, between January 2003 and June 2004. All of the study patients underwent coronary angiography and left ventriculography using standard Judkins techniques [Phillips Integris-3000]. Left ventricular [LV] free walls were divided into 5 segments, and all of these segments motions were evaluated then LV free wall motion score index [WMSI] was calculated. The study patients were divided into 2 groups: good [Rentrop 3; group I; n = 14] and poor coronary collateral circulation [Rentrop 0-2; group II; n = 26] according to the Rentrop grading. Then, color kinesis dobutamine stress echocardiography [CK-DSE] was performed to all patients with standard techniques 6 weeks after AMI. There were no significant differences for age, gender, risk factors for the coronary artery disease and use of the fibrinolytic therapy between the groups. There were no significant statistical differences for angiographic WMSI, left ventricular ejection fraction [LVEF], end-diastolic volume, end-systolic volume and end-diastolic pressures between the 2 groups. No difference was detected between Group I and II for initial EF, WMSI and peak dose WMSI in CK-DSE procedure. Viability was determined in all of the 14 patients in group I [100%] and 12 of 26 patients in group II [46%] [p=0.03]. In early periods of an AMI genesis of the coronary collateral circulation does not affect left ventricular global and regional systolic functions, but increase viability quite significantly. According to our findings early revascularization could be carried out in patients with good coronary collateral circulation without doing any test for viability
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Collateral Circulation , Myocardial Infarction/physiology , Coronary Angiography , Ventriculography, First-Pass , Echocardiography, Stress , Ventricular Function, Left , Tissue Survival , DobutamineABSTRACT
Electrocardiogram-gated single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) provides valuable information in the assessment of both myocardial perfusion and ventricular function. Tl-201 is a suboptimal isotope for gating. Tl-201 images are more blurred compared with Tc-99m tracers due to the increased amount of scattered photons and use of a smooth filter. The average myocardial count densities are approximately one-half those of conventional technetium tracers. However, Tl-201 is still widely used because of its well-established utility for assessing myocardial perfusion, viability and risk stratification. Gated SPECT with Tl-201 enables us to assess both post-stress and rest left ventricular volume and function. Previous studies with gated Tl-201 SPECT measurements of ejection fraction (EF), end-diastolic volume (EDV), end-systolic volume (ESV) have shown high correlation with first-pass radionuclide angiography, gated blood pool scan, Tc-99m-MIBI gated SPECT, contrast ventriculography, echocardiography, and 3-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging. However, problems related to these studies include few agreement data of EDV and ESV, use of a reference method that is likely to have the same systemic errors (gated Tc-99m-MIBI SPECT), and other technical factors related to the count density of gated SPECT. With optimization of gated imaging protocols and more validation studies, gated Tl-201 SPECT would be an accurate method to provide perfusion and function information in patients with coronary artery disease.
Subject(s)
Humans , Coronary Artery Disease , Echocardiography , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Perfusion , Photons , Technetium , Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon , Ventricular Function , Ventriculography, First-PassABSTRACT
Se revisan orígenes históricos del término serendipity acuñado por Horacio Walpole en carta dirigida a Mann en enero de 1754, originado en el hada-cuento "los tres príncipes de Serendip", donde se establece la facultad de hacer descubrimientos felices e inesperados por accidente. Se revisan sonoramente descubrimientos generales tales como el de América por Cristóbal Colón, la vulcanización de Charles Goodyear, la gravitación universal de Newton, el velcro, teflón, los rollos del Mar Muerto, la dinamita, el anillo bencénico de Kekulé, el electromagnetismo de Faranday y Oersted, horno microondas. Igualmente se revisan algunos ejemplos de serendity médicos tales como la excitación neuromuscular de Galvani, la regulación capilar nerviosa por Calude Bernard, el estetoscopio de Laennec, la percusión por Augenbrugger, la penicilina por Fleming, el dicumarol. Finalmente, desde el punto de vista neuroquirúrgico se mencionan los ejemplos de la ventriculografía por Walter Dandy y la psicocirugía por Egas Monis, premio Nobel de Medicina y Fisiología en 1949
Subject(s)
History, 18th Century , Percussion , Psychosurgery , Ventriculography, First-Pass , X-Rays , Medicine , VenezuelaABSTRACT
Objetivo - Verificar se uma 3ª série de imagens obtidas pela reinjeçäo do tálio-201, 24h após tomografia convencional de perfusäo miocárdica com esse radioisótopo, melhora a identificaçäo de áreas de viabilidade miocárdica. Métodos - Foram estudados 30 pacientes masculinos, com idade média de 57,7 + ou - 9,4 anos, com infarto do miocárdio antigo através de SPECT (single-photon-emission computed tomography) - tálico-201, obtendo-se 3 séries de imagens (estresse, redistribuiçäo após 4h e reinjeçäo após 24h). As imagens foram interpretadas, dividindo-se o coraçäo em 5 paredes(apical, lateral, anterior, septal e inferior(, atribuindo-se a cada uma delas um valor, através de sistema de escore de 4 pontos (0= captaçäo normal; 1=hipocaptaçäo discreta; 2=hipocaptaçäo moderada; 3=hipocaptaçäo acentuada ou ausência de cpataçäo). Foi considerado miocárdio viável quando houve melhora em pelo menos um poto no escore total da parede, em pelo menos duas projeçöes no território relacionado ao infarto (determinado pelo eletrocardiograma de repouso). Resultados - Se (23,3 por cento) pacientes mostraram melhora de captaçäo do radiofármaco, exclusivamente durante a reinjeçäo, denotando melhora na eficácia do método. Nove (30 por cento) apresentaram hipocaptaçäo persistente em todos os momentos, sugerindo fibrose na área relacionada ao infarto. Apresentaram melhora da captaçäo já na redistribuiçäo 14 (46,7 por cento) pacientes e, destes, 6 obtiveram melhora ainda maior na reinjeçäo. Esta condiçäo foi interpretada como processo isquêmico regional crônico, ou seja, miocárdio hibernante. Conclusäo - Imagens de redistribuiçäo hipocaptantes, sem alteraçöes significativas em relaçäo às imagens de estresse, näo necessariamente indicam fibrose. A técnica de reinjeçäo foi superior ao SPECT convencional na detecçäo de miocárdio viável, o que permitiu melhor orientaçäo terapêutica