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1.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-954852

ABSTRACT

The whole blood clotting test (WBCT) is a simple test of coagulation that is often used in the assessment, diagnosis, and therapeutic monitoring of snakebite patients in sub-Saharan Africa. WBCT requires only a clean glass tube and several milliliters of venous blood and is ideal for use in poorly equipped health centers throughout the rural areas where 95% of snakebites occur. However, questions surrounding the accuracy and reliability of the test remain unanswered due to variations in testing conditions and a lack of comparative research with which to validate them. This is the first study to evaluate WBCT results at both 20-min (WBCT20) and 30-min (WBCT30) reading times in the same group of snakebite patients. Methods In order to define the best reading time, the authors compared the results of serial WBCT evaluation at both 20 and 30 min after collection in 23 patients treated for snake envenomation in Bembèrèkè, northern Benin. Results WBCT results were identical at both reading times in patients without coagulopathy or when coagulation was restored permanently following a single dose of antivenom. Out of 17 patients with coagulopathy, 14 showed discrepancies between WBCT20 and WBCT30 results in at least one pair of serial evaluations. These could be completely contradictory results (e.g. normal clot at WBCT20 and no clot at WBCT30) or a marked difference in the quality of the clot (e.g. no clotting activity at WBCT20 and an unstable partial clot at WBCT30). WBCT discrepancies were encountered most frequently in three situations: initial normalization of hemostasis following antivenom therapy, detection of a secondary resumption of coagulopathy, or final restoration of hemostasis after a secondary resumption had occurred. Conclusions This study suggests that the WBCT is robust and that a sequential reading should improve the diagnosis and monitoring of venom-induced coagulopathies. It also indicates the possibility of discrepancies in the sensitivity of WBCT20 and WBCT30 for detecting the resolution or reoccurrence of coagulopathy and identifies how these findings, if confirmed, may be used to increase the efficacy and efficiency of antivenom treatment in the field.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Snake Bites/diagnosis , Snake Bites/therapy , Viper Venoms/blood , Blood Coagulation Tests , Blood Coagulation Tests/methods , Africa
2.
Rev. cuba. hematol. inmunol. hemoter ; 21(1)ene.-abr. 2005. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-418815

ABSTRACT

Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo de los resultados de la determinación del anticoagulante lúpico (AL) realizadas en el período comprendido entre julio del 2000 y julio del 2004 en el laboratorio de hemostasis del Instituto de Hematología e Inmunología. En este período se le realizó la determinación del AL a 380 muestras, el 86 por ciento de las cuales pertenecían a pacientes del sexo femenino, la positividad global fue del 7,3 por ciento, el tiempo de veneno de víbora de Russell diluido fue la prueba que detectó más casos positivos (50 por ciento), pero se evidenció la necesidad de realizar más de una prueba para detectar todos los casos positivos. La prevalencia del AL se comportó de la siguiente forma: en el lupus eritematoso sistémico fue del 17,8 por ciento, en la anemia hemolítica autoinmune del 21 por ciento, en la púrpura trombocitopénica idiopática del 7,6 por ciento, en un grupo de misceláneas que incluyó principalmente artralgias, vasculitis, síndrome de Evan- Fischer, tiempo parcial de tromboplastina prolongado, sangramientos e infecciones a repetición fue del 3,5 por ciento, en pacientes con trombosis fue del 7,6 por ciento y en pacientes con abortos a repetición y/o pérdidas fetales del 4,6 por ciento; resulta de gran importancia su determinación en enfermedades autoinmunes, ya que el 39 por ciento de los casos positivos pertenecían a este grupo, aunque su positividad fue baja en el grupo de mujeres con abortos y/o pérdidas fetales a repetición y en pacientes con trombosis


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Antibodies, Antiphospholipid , Autoimmune Diseases , Lupus Coagulation Inhibitor , Viper Venoms/blood
3.
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health ; 2000 Jun; 31(2): 346-8
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-31416

ABSTRACT

A field trial of efficacy of local compression immobilization first-aid technique in 42 Russell's viper bite cases was studied and only 19 were envenomed. Proper immobilization was carried out in 3/13 immobilized cases. The average time of application of the pad was 1.12 hours (range 5 minutes to 7 hours) and the total duration of the pad application was 3 hours 40 minutes (range 30 minutes to 9 hours). Venom levels measured at the hospital before and at 15 and 30 minutes after release of the pad (n=10) showed a rise of 5 to 30 ng/ml of venom following release. Movement of venom antigen was found to be retarded in all cases (n=9) whose venom levels were measured at 15 and 30 minutes with the pad in place. Sixteen out of 19 cases had systemic envenoming, indicating that pad or immobilization alone is not effective in delaying spread of venom. The incidence of local necrosis 3/42 (8%) following use of the pad was comparable to that of the systemic cases without the pad. No ill effects were observed following its application for as long as 9 hours. Local blackening seen in 4/36 (10%) cases was likely to be result of a local venom effect.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Animals , Child , Female , First Aid , Humans , Immobilization/adverse effects , Male , Middle Aged , Pressure , Daboia , Snake Bites/therapy , Viper Venoms/blood
4.
Acta toxicol. argent ; 7(1): 7-10, jul. 1999. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-258695

ABSTRACT

Se inocularon ratas de 220+= 20 g de peso, en grupos de 5 animales, con 800 ug de veneno de Bothrops alternatus de Argentina desecado y homogeneizado, diluído en 0,1 ml de solución salina, pore via intramuscular. Para la obtención de sangre y su posterior sacrificio, se anestesiaron a las 3, 9 y 24 horas, tomándose muestras del músculo inoculado, hígado y riñón. Se realizaron determinaciones enzimáticas y los tejidos se procesaron para histopatología. A las 3 horas, se observaron necrosis de fibras musculares confirmadas por métodos histoquímicos, hemorragia e infiltrado inflamatorio, los que se intensificaron a las 9 y 24 horas. Paralelamente se observó un incremento plasmático de lñas actividades enzimáticas de creatin fosfoquinasa (CPK), aspartato aminotransferasa (AST) y la alanina aminotransferasa (ALT); siendo máximo el aumento de CPK entre las 3 y 9 horas. La respuesta inflamatoria estudiada en ratón, mostró una reacción rápida cuya recuperación fue lenta. La necrosis de fibras musculares fue acompañada por peroxidación de lípidos y precipitación de calcio en las células. Las lesiones de te4jido hepático no fueron relevantes y en riñón se detectaron alteraciones en zona yuxtamedular y en el intersticio cortical


Subject(s)
Mice , Edema , Hemorrhage , Mice/injuries , Viper Venoms/adverse effects , Viper Venoms/blood , Antivenins , Argentina
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