Sutura primaria en lesiones traumáticas de colon y recto / Primary suture in colon and rectum traumatic lesions

Introducción: en la vida civil la tendencia actual en el tratamiento de las lesiones traumáticas de colon y recto es hacia el cierre primario, pero aún no existe consenso. Objetivo: identificar características y evolución de 36 pacientes con traumatismos de colon a los que se les practicó sutura primaria. Métodos: estudio descriptivo, de cohorte retrospectiva. Se estudiaron pacientes atendidos en hospitales docentes de la provincia de La Habana, desde noviembre de 2008 hasta enero de 2012, así como los factores relacionados con la ocurrencia de complicaciones y los costos. Los datos fueron tomados de la historia clínica y del informe operatorio, en cada hospital. La información fue procesada de forma automatizada (SPSS 15.0). Se utilizó análisis de distribución de frecuencias, y el test de homogeneidad para identificar las variables relacionadas con la ocurrencia de complicaciones. Resultados: la causa más frecuente de las lesiones fue el arma blanca (86,1 por ciento). Los factores relacionados con la ocurrencia de complicaciones fueron el agente causal y la severidad de las lesiones según la escala de Flint (p= 0,02 y p= 0,04). Los costos promedio por tiempo quirúrgico y estadía resultaron ser de: $ 1091,88 y $ 1250,82. Conclusiones: las principales complicaciones por empleo de sutura primaria en los hospitales docentes de La Habana fueron: infección del sitio quirúrgico y sangramiento postoperatorio, y los factores relacionados con ellas: el agente causal y la severidad de las lesiones. El empleo de la sutura primaria es una opción terapéutica que parece razonable y menos costosa que la colostomía(AU)

Introduction: In civilian life, the current trend in the treatment of colon and rectum traumatic lesions is for the primary closure, but there is still no consensus. Objective: to identify the characteristics and outcome of 36 patients with colon trauma colonist who underwent primary suture. Methods: A descriptive study of retrospective cohort was carried out; we studied patients treated in Havana Province teaching hospitals, from November 2008 to January 2012, as well as the factors related to the occurrence of complications and costs. Data were collected from the medical records and the operative report, in each of the hospitals. The information was processed in an automated system (SPSS 15,0). Analysis of frequency distribution and homogeneity test were used to identify variables related to the occurrence of complications. Results: The most frequent cause of injury was stab (86,1 percent). The factors related to the occurrence of complications and the severity of lesions were the causative agents, as measured by the Flint scale (p= 0,02 and p= 0,04). Average costs per surgical and stay time turned out to be: $ 1091,88 and $ 1250,82. Conclusions: The main complications from the use of primary suture in teaching hospitals of Havana are: surgical site infection and postoperative bleeding, and other factors related to them: the causative agent and the severity of lesions. The use of primary suture is a therapeutic option that seems to be reasonable and less expensive than the colostomy(AU)

Retrospective forensic analysis of 483 solved homicide cases in Suzhou city / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To summarize the solved homicide cases taking place in Suzhou city and to find out the characteristics and commonness of them in order to analyze the key points of investigation at the scene.@*METHODS@#The data of 483 solved homicide cases occurring from January 2006 to March 2010 in the city were analyzed.@*RESULTS@#Most cases involved 1 victim and 1 suspect, with young male adults dominated. Most of them were non-local residents. The majority of suspects were intentional by passion due to quarrel and dispute. The most common weapons were sharp instruments generally carried by the suspects. Mechanical asphyxia and mechanical injury were the two most common causes of death in these cases.@*CONCLUSION@#The social characteristics of suspects, criminal motivation, injury instruments, distribution of injuries, cause of death, and manner of death in Suzhou showed similar general characteristics as the experience for detecting homicide cases in the future.

Queda dos homicídios em São Paulo, Brasil: uma análise descritiva / Decline in homicide rates in São Paulo, Brasil: a descriptive analysis

OBJETIVO: Descrever a evolução da mortalidade por homicídios no Município de São Paulo segundo tipo de arma, sexo, raça ou cor, idade e áreas de exclusão/inclusão social entre 1996 e 2008. MÉTODOS: Estudo ecológico de série temporal. Os dados sobre óbitos ocorridos no Município foram coletados da base de dados do Programa de Aprimoramento das Informações sobre Mortalidade, seguindo a Classificação Internacional de Doenças, Décima Revisão (CID-10). Foram calculadas as taxas de mortalidade por homicídio (TMH) para a população total, por sexo, raça ou cor, faixa etária, tipo de arma e área de exclusão/inclusão social. As TMH foram padronizadas por idade pelo método direto. Foram calculados os percentuais de variação no período estudado. Para as áreas de exclusão/inclusão social foram calculados os riscos relativos de morte por homicídio. RESULTADOS: As TMH apresentaram queda de 73,7 por cento entre 2001 e 2008. Foi observada redução da TMH em todos os grupos analisados, mais pronunciada em homens (-74,5 por cento), jovens de 15 a 24 anos (-78,0 por cento) e moradores de áreas de exclusão social extrema (-79,3 por cento). A redução ocorreu, sobretudo, nos homicídios cometidos com armas de fogo (-74,1 por cento). O risco relativo de morte por homicídio nas áreas de exclusão extrema (tendo como referência áreas com algum grau de exclusão social) foi de 2,77 em 1996, 3,9 em 2001 e 2,13 em 2008. Nas áreas de alta exclusão social, o risco relativo foi de 2,07 em 1996 e 1,96 em 2008. CONCLUSÕES: Para compreender a redução dos homicídios no Município, é importante considerar macrodeterminantes que atingem todo o Município e todos os subgrupos populacionais e microdeterminantes que atuam localmente, influenciando de forma diferenciada os homicídios com armas de fogo e os homicídios na população jovem, no sexo masculino e em residentes em áreas de alta exclusão social.

OBJECTIVE: To describe homicide mortality in the municipality of São Paulo according to type of weapon, sex, race or skin color, age, and areas of socioeconomic inequalities, between 1996 and 2008. METHOD: For this ecological time-series study, data about deaths in the municipality of São Paulo were collected from the municipal program for improvement of mortality information, using International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision (ICD-10) codes. Homicide mortality rates (HMR) were calculated for the overall population and specifically for each sex, race or skin color, age range, type of weapon, and occurrence in social deprivation/affluence areas. HMR were adjusted for age using the direct method. The percentage age of variation in HMR was calculated for the study period. For areas of socioeconomic inequalities, the relative risk of death from homicide was calculated. RESULTS: HMR fell 73.7 percent between 2001 and 2008. A reduction in HMR was observed in all groups, especially males (-74.5 percent), young men between 15 and 24 years of age (-78.0 percent), and residents in areas of extreme socioeconomic deprivation (-79.3 percent). The reduction occurred mostly in firearm homicide rates (-74.1 percent). The relative risk of death from homicide in areas of extreme socioeconomic deprivation, as compared to areas with some degree of socioeconomic deprivation, was 2.77 in 1996, 3.9 in 2001, and 2.13 in 2008. In areas of high socioeconomic deprivation, the relative risk was 2.07 in 1996 and 1.96 in 2008. CONCLUSIONS: To understand the reduction in homicide rates in the municipality of São Paulo, it is important to take into consideration macrodeterminants that affect the entire municipality and all population subgroups, as well as micro/local determinants that have special impact on homicides committed with firearms and on subgroups such as the young, males, and residents of areas of high socioeconomic deprivation.

Prevalência e fatores associados a porte de arma e envolvimento em agressão física entre adolescentes de 15 a 18 anos: estudo de base populacional / Prevalence of weapons possession and associated factors and involvement in physical aggression among adolescents 15 to 18 years of age: a population-based study

Objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a prevalência e fatores associados a porte de arma e envolvimento em agressão física entre adolescentes de 15 a 18 anos na cidade de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Estudo transversal de base populacional com uma amostra representativa de 960 adolescentes entre 15 e 18 anos, residentes na cidade de Pelotas. Sortearam-se, aleatoriamente, 90 setores censitários a partir dos 448 da cidade, e foram visitados 86 domicílios de cada setor. Para análise estatística utilizou-se a regressão de Poisson. A prevalência dos comportamentos estudados na presente amostra foi de 22,8 por cento para participação em brigas com agressão física e 9,6 por cento para porte de armas nos últimos 12 meses. Conclui-se que jovens do sexo masculino que utilizam álcool e/ou drogas ilícitas e apresentam transtornos psiquiátricos menores mostraram maior probabilidade de portar armas e de envolverem-se em brigas com agressão física.

This cross-sectional, population-based study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of weapons possession and associated factors and involvement in physical aggression among adolescents 15 to 18 years of age (n = 960) in the city of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. Ninety of the city's 448 census tracts were selected, and 86 houses in each tract were visited. The statistical analysis used Poisson regression. Prevalence rates in the sample were 22.8 percent for involvement in fights with physical aggression and 9.6 percent for weapons possession in the previous 12 months. The study concluded that young males that use alcohol and/or illegal drugs and present minor psychiatric disorders show a higher probability of weapons possession and involvement in physical fights.