ABSTRACT
El gas CS (o-clorobenzolideno malononitrilo) se incluye dentro del grupo de los gases lacrimógenos. La exposición a dicho gas ocurre durante su empleo como gas de defensa o antidisturbios, así como durante el entrenamiento rutinario de las fuerzas de choque especializadas. Su acción tóxica es ejercida a través de un efecto irritante sobre piel y mucosas, así como por mecanismos inmunoalérgicos. Presentamos el caso de un paciente de 24 años, perteneciente a una fuerza de choque, que consultó por lesiones cutáneas luego de una exposición a humo y dispersión de polvo de una granada de gas CS durante ejercicios de entrenamiento. Clínicamente se presentó características peculiares, referidas a sus manifestaciones cutáneas, localización y severidad de las mismas. Se analiza la etiopatogenia de las lesiones y los posibles mecanismos involucrados, diagnósticos diferenciales, así como los pilares del tratamiento frente a una exposición a gas CS...
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Tear Gases/adverse effects , Tear Gases/toxicity , Skin , o-Chlorobenzylidenemalonitrile/adverse effects , Erythema , Flushing , Pruritus/etiology , Pruritus/chemically inducedABSTRACT
This study explored the health hazard of those exposed to methylene chloride by assessing its atmospheric concentration when a tear gas mixture was aerially dispersed. The concentration of methylene chloride ranged from 311.1-980.3 ppm (geometric mean, 555.8 ppm), 30 seconds after the dispersion started. However, the concentration fell rapidly to below 10 ppm after dispersion was completed. The concentration during the dispersion did not surpass the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health 'immediately dangerous to life or health' value of 2,300 ppm, but did exceed the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists excursion limit of 250 ppm. Since methylene chloride is highly volatile (vapor pressure, 349 mmHg at 20degrees C), the postdispersion atmospheric concentration can rise instantaneously. Moreover, the o-chlorobenzylidenemalononitrile formulation of tear gas (CS gas) is an acute upper respiratory tract irritant. Therefore, tear gas mixtures should be handled with delicate care.
Subject(s)
Methylene Chloride , o-Chlorobenzylidenemalonitrile , Respiratory System , Tear GasesABSTRACT
Vibrational spectrum of malononitrile was measured Assignment of the frequencies to the fundamental modes of vibrations has been made. Teller-Redlich product rule was employed to check the assignment. Thermodynamic functions were calculated from spectroscopic data