Incidencia de tuberculosis, VIH e Índice de Desarrollo Humano en Colombia: un análisis por departamentos 2005-2014 / Incidence of tuberculosis, HIV and Human Development Index in Colombia: an analysis by departments 2005-2014

Objetivo: Correlacionar la incidencia de tuberculosis pulmonar, tuberculosis extrapulmonar y VIH con el índice de desarrollo humano por departamentos en Colombia entre los años 2005 y 2014. Métodos: Estudio ecológico en 29 departamentos de Colombia, con datos de las secretarias de salud, SIVIGILA y del Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo. Los análisis se realizaron con medidas de resumen, intervalos de confianza, Kruskal Wallis y correlación de Spearman en SPSS. Resultados: Se encuentra incremento en la incidencia de tuberculosis pulmonar y VIH en el lapso estudiado. Por otra parte, no se halló correlación entre el IDH con la tasa de tuberculosis pulmonar; sin embargo, con la tuberculosis extrapulmonar y el VIH se identificaron correlaciones positivas y significativas con Rho Spearman de 0,320 y 0,324 respectivamente. Conclusión: Este estudio puso de manifiesto una correlación positiva y significativa entre la infección por VIH, tuberculosis extrapulmonar e índice de desarrollo humano que indica que las regiones del país con mayor nivel de desarrollo presentan las mayores tasas de infección. Esta información es importante para que las autoridades sanitarias realicen acciones que ayuden a comprender las causas que explican este fenómeno.

Objective: To correlate the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis, extrapulmonary tuberculosis and HIV with the human development index by departments in Colombia between 2005 and 2014. Methods: Ecological study in 29 departments of Colombia. The incidence data of pulmonary, extrapulmonary and HIV tuberculosis were obtained through the request to departmental health secretaries and data registered in SIVIGILA. The information on the human development index (HDI) was obtained from the United Nations Development Program. The description of the variables was made with measures of central tendency, position, dispersion and 95% confidence intervals. The variation of the disease rates over time was done with the H Kruskal Wallis test. The covariation between the rates of diseases and the HDI was evaluated with scatter plots and Spearman correlation coefficients. In all the analyzes p values lower than 0.05 were considered significant. Results: There is an increase in the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis and HIV in the period studied. On the other hand, no correlation was found between the HDI with the rate of pulmonary tuberculosis; however, positive and significant correlations with Rho Spearman of 0.320 and 0.324 were found with extrapulmonary tuberculosis and HIV, respectively. Conclusion: this study showed a positive and significant correlation between HIV infection, extrapulmonary tuberculosis and human development index, which indicates that the regions of the country with the highest level of development have the highest infection rates. This information is important for the health authorities to carry out actions that help to understand the causes that explain this phenomenon.

Differential Expression of Proteins Related with Penile Apoptosis in a Rat after Cavernous Nerve Resection / 대한남성과학회지

PURPOSE: The mechanism including changes of proteome within cavernosal tissue after cavernous nerve injury were not evaluated. We performed proteomics and functional analysis to identify proteins of penile corpus cavernosum whose expression was or was not altered by cavernous nerve resection (CNR). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using 8-week-old male WKY rats, sham and CNR operation under microscope were performed. After 8 weeks, penile tissues of sham and CNR group were harvested. We used 2-DE and MALDI-TOF/TOF (AB 4700) to identify of differently expressed penile proteins. 2-DE gels were stained with silver nitrate and the gels were analyzed with PDQuest. RESULTS: We isolated more than 950 proteins on silver-stained gels of whole protein extracts from normal rat penile corpus cavernous. Of these proteins, 48 prominent proteins were identified using MALDI-TOF/TOF. Protein characterization revealed that the most prominent penile corpus cavernous proteins were those with antioxidant, chaperone, or cytoskeletal structure. Moreover, 11 proteins having levels elevated by CNR were annexin proteins, endoplasmic reticulum protein 29, glutathione s-transferase w-1, and others. In addition, Rho-GDP dissociation inhibitor (RhoGDI), a regulator of Rho proteins, was also increased in CNR rats compared with sham-operated control rats. CONCLUSIONS: The apoptotic signals observed in penile tissues was greatly increased in CNR rats than in sham-operated rats. These results suggest that RhoGDI is one of the proteins regulated by CNR in penile smooth muscle strips, and has a crucial role in the early stage of penile apoptosis.

Expression of Rho-GDP dissociation inhibitor in the decidual tissues of preeclampsia patients and its clinical implication / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the expression of Rho-GDI in the decidual tissues of patients preeclampsia and explore its clinical implication.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Real-time PCR, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the mRNA and protein expressions of Rho-GDI in the decidual tissues from 30 normal women with full-term pregnancy, 30 patients with early-onset severe preeclampsia and 30 with late-onset severe preeclampsia.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Rho-GDI expression was found mainly on the cell membrane and in the cytoplasm and nuclei of the decidual cells, occasionally occurring in the stroma. Both the mRNA and protein expressions of Rho-GDI in the decidual tissues were significantly higher in the normal pregnancy group than in the two severe preeclampsia groups (P<0.05), and the patients with late-onset severe preeclampsia had the lowest expressions of Rho-GDI.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The lowered expression of Rho-GDI in the deciduas might be involved in the pathogenesis and progression of preeclampsia.</p>

Expression of RhoGDI alpha in human testes and sperm and its correlation with the success rate of IVF / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the expression of RhoGDIalpha in human testes and spermatozoa, and compare the expression of RhoGDIalpha in the ejaculated spermatozoa from normozoospermic me and infertile patients men receiving in vitro fertilization (IVF).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The localization of RhoGDIalpha in the human testis was determined by immunohistochemistry, and that in the pre-capacitated, capacitated and acrosome-reacted sperm by immunofluorescence. Western blot was used to detect the expression of RhoGDIalpha in the semen samples obtained from normozoospermic males (n = 10), IVF patients with high fertilization rates (> or = 60%, n = 12) and those with low fertilization rates (< 60%, n = 13).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Immunohistochemistry showed that the RhoGDIalpha protein was located in all spermatogenic cells and highly expressed in the elongated spermatids. Immunofluorescence exhibited a high expression of RhoGDIalpha in the acrosome and flagellum of human sperm, which decreased in the acrosome after capacitation and disappeared after acrosome reaction. Western blot revealed an obviously decreased expression of RhoGDIalpha in the spermatozoa of the IVF patients with low fertilization rates (0.66 +/- 0.18), with statistically significant difference from those with high fertilization rates (0.97 +/- 0.17) and the normozoospermic men (1.13 +/- 0.21).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The RhoGDIalpha protein is located in the acrosome and flagellum of human sperm, and might be involved in sperm movement, capacitation and acrosome reaction. The significantly reduced expression of RhoGDIalpha in the sperm of low-fertilization patients suggests that it may be a new diagnostic biomarker for male infertility, and has a potential application value in sperm selection for IVF.</p>

Increased RhoGDI2 and peroxiredoxin 5 levels in asthmatic murine model of beta2-adrenoceptor desensitization: a proteomics approach / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Beta(2)-adrenoceptor (beta(2)AR) desensitization is a common problem in clinical practice. beta(2)AR desensitization proceeds by at least such three mechanisms as heterologous desensitization, homologous desensitization and a kind of agonist-induced rapid phosphorylation by a variety of serine/threonine kinases. It is not clear whether there are other mechanisms. This study aimed to investigate potential mechanisms of beta(2)AR desensitization.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty-four BALB/c (6-8 weeks old) mice were divided into three groups, which is, group A, phosphate buffered saline (PBS)-treated; group B, ovalbumin (OVA)-induced; and group C, salbutamol-treated. Inflammatory cell counts, cytokine concentrations of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), pathological sections, total serum IgE, airway responsiveness, membrane receptor numbers and total amount of beta(2)AR were observed. Asthmatic mouse model and beta(2)AR desensitization asthmatic mouse model were established. Groups B and C were selected for two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) analysis so as to find key protein spots related to beta(2)AR desensitization.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Asthmatic mouse model and beta(2)AR desensitization asthmatic mouse model were verified by inflammatory cell count, cytokine concentration of BALF, serum IgE level, airway hyperreactivity measurement, radioligand receptor binding assay, Western blot analysis, and pathologic examination. Then the two groups (groups B and C) were subjected to 2DE. Two key protein spots associated with beta(2)AR desensitization, Rho GDP-dissociation inhibitor 2 (RhoGDI(2)) and peroxiredoxin 5, were found by comparative proteomics (2DE and mass spectrum analysis).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Oxidative stress and small G protein regulators may play an important role in the process of beta(2)AR desensitization.</p>