ABSTRACT
La calidad de atención primaria de salud parte desde la perspectiva individual del servicio recibido en cualquiera de los niveles de atención de salud. La presente investigación tuvo como finalidad identificar el tipo de experiencia de los adultos mayores que acuden al primer nivel de atención primaria del Centro de Salud Belén en el periodo junio - diciembre 2022. Con un enfoque cuantitativo en una población de 91 adultos mayores, a quienes se aplicó el Cuestionario Herramientas de Evaluación de Atención Primaria (PCAT usuarios adultos) donde la experiencia ata en la calidad de atención dentro de la calificación general (≥ 6,6; < 6,6), obtuvo predominio en el sexo femenino 52,75% (n=48) con respecto al 47,25% (n=43) del sexo masculino. La confiabilidad del cuestionario empleado se midió utilizando la prueba estadística de alfa de Cronbach con un valor de 0.79, considerado aceptable. Con los resultados obtenidos se evidencian que la calificación global de la calidad de atención fue alta sin embargo, existen deficiencias en los atributos de la atención primaria dentro del centro, además de un predominio en la consulta de la población femenina con todos los grupos etarios acude con mayor frecuencia con respecto a la masculina (AU)
The quality of primary health care starts from the individual perspective of the service received at any of the levels of health care. The purpose of this research was to identify the type of experience of older adults who attend the first level of primary care at the Belén Health Center in the period June - December 2022. With a quantitative approach in a population of 91 older adults, whom The Primary Care Assessment Tools Questionnaire (PCAT adult users) was applied where experience ties in the quality of care within the general rating (≥ 6.6; < 6.6), obtaining a predominance in the female sex 52,75% (n=48) compared to 47.25% (n=43) of the male sex . The reliability of the questionnaire used was measured using the Cronbach's alpha statistical test with a value of 0.79, considered acceptable. The results obtained showed that the overall rating of the quality of care was high, however, there are deficiencies in the attributes of primary care within the Belén Health Center, in addition to a predominance in the consultation of the female population with all the age groups attend more frequently compared to men (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Primary Health Care , Health Care Quality, Access, and Evaluation , Access to Primary Care , Health Care SurveysABSTRACT
La distribución inequitativa del talento humano en salud afecta la capacidad de los sistemas de ofrecer servicios esenciales. En la provincia de Córdoba, el primer nivel de atención es responsabilidad de los municipios, pero el nivel provincial procura sostener la rectoría y ser garante del derecho a la salud. En ese marco, se desarrolló un programa para reducir las brechas en la distribución de médicos: el Plan Cordobés de Médicos del Interior. Acompañando ese plan se ejecutó un convenio específico con la Universidad Nacional de Córdoba para garantizar la formación en la especialidad de Medicina Familiar y General. Ingresaron al programa 170 personas, y hoy contamos con 98 médicos en formación o seguimiento. En este artículo damos cuenta de la experiencia docente, los desafíos y dificultades que supuso afrontar una formación en lugares de práctica variados, y con el aporte de las tecnologías de la información y comunicación. Esperamos que la experiencia sirva para transmitir los aprendizajes de nuestra práctica (AU)
The inequitable distribution of human talent in health affects the capacity of systems to offer essential services. In the province of Córdoba, the primary level of care is the responsibility of municipalities, but the provincial level aims to maintain leadership and guarantee the right to health. Within this framework, a program was developed to reduce gaps in the distribution of physicians: the Cordobés Plan for Interior Physicians. Accompanying this plan, a specific agreement was executed with the National University of Córdoba to ensure training in the specialty of Family and General Medicine. 170 individuals entered the program, and today we have 98 physicians in training or under supervision. In this article, we give an account of the teaching experience, the challenges, and difficulties involved in facing training in various practice settings, along with the contribution of information and communication technologies. We hope that this experience serves to transmit the lessons learned from our practice (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Physicians/supply & distribution , Education, Distance , Education, Medical, Graduate/organization & administration , Job Market , Family Practice/education , Argentina , Local Health Systems , Access to Primary CareABSTRACT
Objetivo: Avaliar o impacto da pandemia de COVID-19 na produção ambulatorial de pediatras e odontopediatras no Sistema Único de Saúde do Brasil (SUS). Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo ecológico com abordagem analítica e quantitativa, usando dados de domínio público do Departamento de Informática do SUS. Foram recuperadas as quantidades mensais de profissionais que atuaram no SUS, a quantidade de procedimentos ambulatoriais de cada categoria profissional e a projeção de residentes de zero a 13 anos para normalizá-la. Os dados foram comparados entre os períodos pré-pandemia (2018-2020) e pandêmicos (2020-2022), com nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Houve uma redução significativa na quantidade mensal de procedimentos ambulatoriais realizados no SUS pelos pediatras no primeiro e no segundo ano pandêmico de COVID-19 quando comparados ao período pré-pandemia (p < 0,001 e < 0,002, respectivamente). Tal redução representa uma redução mediana percentual de -57,1% (IC95% -51,3%; -71,7%) no primeiro e -22,3% (IC95% -0,55%; -31,5%) no segundo ano pandêmico. Em relação aos odontopediatras, redução significativa foi observada somente entre o período pré-pandemia e o primeiro ano pandêmico (p < 0,001), representando -82.0% (IC95% -73,4%; -93,6%). Além disso, observou-se uma correlação significativa, positiva e moderada entre a produtividade de ambas as categorias profissionais no SUS durante todo o período investigado (p < 0,001; ρ = 0,744). Conclusão: A pandemia de COVID-19 afetou negativamente a oferta de cuidado ambulatorial médico-odontológico especializado para crianças no SUS
Objective: To evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the outpatient production of pediatricians and pediatric dentists in the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS). Methods: An ecological study was conducted with an analytical and quantitative approach using public domain data from the SUS Department of Informatics. The monthly number of professionals who worked in the SUS, the number of outpatient procedures in each category, and the projection of residents from zero to thirteen years old to normalize it were retrieved. Data were compared by pre-pandemic (2018-2020) and pandemic (2020-2022) periods with a significance level of 5%. Results: There was a significant reduction in the monthly number of outpatient procedures performed in the SUS by pediatricians in the first and second pandemic years of COVID-19 compared to the pre-pandemic period (p < 0.001 and 0.002, respectively). This reduction represents a median percentage reduction of -57.1% (95%CI -51.3%, -71.7%) in the first and -22.3% (95%CI -0.55%, -31.5%) in the second pandemic year. Regarding pediatric dentists, a significant reduction was observed only between the pre-pandemic period and the first pandemic year (p < 0.001), representing -82.0% (95%CI -73.4%, -93.6%). Moreover, a significant positive and moderate correlation was observed between the productivity of both professional categories in the SUS throughout the investigated period (p < 0.001, ρ= 0.744). Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic negatively affected the provision of specialized medical and dental outpatient care for children in the SUS
Subject(s)
Humans , Child , COVID-19 , Pediatricians , Access to Primary CareABSTRACT
Se hace un análisis de la Evolución Histórica del Sistema Nacional de Salud en Venezuela desde 1909 hasta el año 2023. Se realizó un desglose de seis etapas: etapa "A" o Gomecista (1905 1935), etapa "B" o de la Segunda Guerra Mundial (1936- 1945), etapa "C" o de la División de Hospitales(1946-1949), etapa "D" o Perezjimenista (1950 1958), etapa "E" o de inicio de la Democracia (1959 1963), etapa "F" de Modelo Curativo y de Expansión Hospitalaria (1963 1998),etapa "G" de la Revolución Bolivariana (1999 2023). Se analizó también el Plan Nacional de Salud 2019 2025(AU)
An analysis of the Historical Evolution of the National Health System in Venezuela is made from 1909 to the year 2023. A breakdown of six stages is made: stage "A" or Gomez (1905 - 1935), stage "B" or Second World War (1936-1945),stage "C" or the Hospital Division (1946-1949), stage "D" or Perezjimenista (1950-1958), stage "E" or the beginning of Democracy (1959-1963), stage "F" of the Curative Model and Hospital Expansion (1963-1998), stage "G" of the Bolivarian Revolution (1999 - 2023). The National Health Plan 2019 -2025 is also analyzed(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , History of Medicine , Venezuela , Access to Primary Care , Health PolicyABSTRACT
Resumo Introdução: Pessoas trans pertencem a um grupo marginalizado e vulnerável na sociedade e sofrem com dificuldades no atendimento no sistema de saúde. Este estudo objetivou compreender o processo saúde-doença-cuidado dessas pessoas e seu acesso aos serviços de saúde na cidade de Curitiba-PR, Brasil. Metodologia: Pesquisa qualitativa hermenêutica, por meio de dez entrevistas semiestruturadas com pessoas trans de Curitiba, que foram gravadas, transcritas e codificadas. Apreenderam-se as experiências e percepções sobre a saúde desses sujeitos e suas trajetórias de atendimento no sistema de saúde, analisando-se pela perspectiva hermenêutica. Resultados: As narrativas mostram que ainda há muito despreparo dos profissionais da saúde, e isso gera situações de desconforto à população trans. Essas experiências moldam a conduta dessa população frente aos serviços de saúde, muitas vezes evitando-os. Toda essa dificuldade no acesso à saúde gera questões de saúde mental e sentimentos de ideação suicida. Conclusão: O estudo evidenciou a falta de reconhecimento e de aceitação da forma que pessoas trans se expressam e a existência de uma série de ações discriminatórias por parte dos trabalhadores da saúde. A compreensão dessas dificuldades aponta para o que pode ser modificado para garantir um acesso à saúde de maior qualidade para essa população.
Abstract Introduction: Trans people belong to a marginalized and vulnerable group in society and suffer from difficulties in receiving care in the health system. This study aimed to understand the health-disease-care process of trans people and their access to health services in Curitiba, PR, Brazil. Methodology: Qualitative hermeneutic research, through semi-structured interviews with ten trans persons from Curitiba. The interviews were recorded, transcribed, coded and submitted to hermeneutic analysis. Analysis enabled to understand participants' experiences and perceptions about their health and trajectories of care in the health system. Results: The narratives showed that there is still a lot of unpreparedness of health professionals and this produces discomfortable care for the trans persons. These experiences shape the behavior of the trans population towards health services, often avoiding them. All this difficulty in accessing health care generates mental health issues and feelings of suicidal ideation. Conclusion: The study highlighted the lack of recognition and acceptance of the way trans people express themselves and the existence of several discriminatory actions practiced by health workers. Understanding these challenges points to what need to be improved, such as increasing access and the healthcare quality for this population.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Health Personnel/ethics , Transgender Persons/psychology , Integrality in Health , Gender-Based Violence , Unified Health System , Mental Health , Sexism , Gender Diversity , Transphobia , Access to Primary CareABSTRACT
Objectives: This study aimed to examine possible associations between previously undiagnosed subclinical hypothyroidism and short-term outcomes and mortality in a sample of Iraqi patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Design: This is a prospective observational cohort study. Setting: The study was conducted in a single tertiary referral centre in Baghdad, Iraq. Participants: Thyroid-stimulating hormone and free T4 levels were measured in 257 patients hospitalised with STelevation myocardial infarction who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention between January 2020 and March 2022. Main outcome measures: Adverse cardiovascular and renal events during hospitalisation and 30-day mortality were observed. Results: Previously undiagnosed subclinical hypothyroidism was detected in 36/257 (14%) ST-elevation myocardial infarction patients and observed more commonly in females than males. Patients with subclinical hypothyroidism had significantly worse short-term outcomes, including higher rates of suboptimal TIMI Flow (< III) (p =0.014), left ventricular ejection fraction ≤ 40% (p=0.035), Killip class >I (p=0.042), cardiogenic shock (p =0.016), cardiac arrest in the hospital (p= 0.01), and acute kidney injury (p= 0.044). Additionally, 30-day mortality was significantly higher in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism (p= 0.029). Conclusion: Subclinical hypothyroidism previously undiagnosed and untreated had a significant association with adverse short-term outcomes and higher short-term mortality within 30 days compared to euthyroid patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Routine thyroid function testing during these patients' hospitalisation may be warranted.
Subject(s)
Humans , Thyroid Function Tests , Percutaneous Coronary Intervention , Hypothyroidism , Asymptomatic Infections , ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction , Access to Primary CareABSTRACT
Introduction: Lesbians, gays, bisexuals, transvestites, transsexuals, transgenders, queers, intersexes, asexuals, pansexuals, and other sexual and gender minorities constitute a population that has been little studied regarding the use and care of health services. Objective: From this perspective, the general objective of this study was to evaluate the quality of Primary Health Care according to members of sexual and gender minorities. Methods: This is evaluative research, with a cross-sectional and descriptive-analytical design and a quantitative approach, performed by a web survey in Brazil. The script for data collection addressed sociodemographic characteristics, sexual orientation, gender identity, self-reported health conditions, and the 23 items of the Primary Care Assessment Tool, a reduced version for adult users. Results: The results represent 314 LGBTQIAP+ people, predominantly young, white, cisgender, homosexual, and bisexual, from the five Brazilian regions, highlighting the states of Minas Gerais and São Paulo. The use of alcoholic beverages and other substances, weight change, and the presence of mental diseases were the most frequent self-reported health conditions. Primary health care was mainly evaluated with low overall scores, thus indicating low quality. The attributes "community guidance" and "coordination" (care integration) were marked by unfavorable evaluations, indicating small extensions. People belonging to sexual and gender minorities who worked had kidney problems, had been hospitalized recently, and that had their gender identity and sexual orientation known by health professionals were more likely to evaluate the Primary Health Care as good. Conclusion: This work points out weaknesses in the care of the LGBTQIAP+ population the following attributes: family guidance, accessibility, longitudinality, and available services, which can be prioritized to improve the quality of Primary Health Care in the Brazilian Unified Health System. (AU)
Introdução: Lésbicas, gays, bissexuais, travestis, transexuais, transgêneros, queer, intersexos, assexuais, pansexuais e outras minorias sexuais e de gênero constituem uma população pouco estudada no que se refere ao uso e atendimento em serviços de saúde. Objetivo: Nessa perspectiva, o objetivo geral deste estudo foi avaliar a qualidade da Atenção Primária à Saúde segundo integrantes de minorias sexuais e de gênero. Método: Trata-se de uma pesquisa avaliativa, com delineamento transversal, descritivo-analítico, de abordagem quantitativa, por meio de web survey no Brasil. O roteiro de coleta abordou características sociodemográficas, de orientação sexual, identidade de gênero, condições de saúde autorreferidas e os 23 itens do instrumento Primary Care Assessment Tool, versão reduzida para usuários adultos. Resultados: Os resultados representam 314 pessoas LGBTQIAP+, predominantemente jovens, brancos, cisgêneros, homossexuais e bissexuais, provenientes das cinco regiões brasileiras, com destaque para os estados de Minas Gerais e São Paulo. O uso de bebidas alcoólicas e outras substâncias, a alteração ponderal e a presença de doenças mentais foram as condições de saúde autorreferidas que mais se destacaram. A atenção primária à saúde foi majoritariamente avaliada com baixa pontuação geral, indicando baixa qualidade. Assinalam-se os atributos orientação comunitária e coordenação (integração de cuidados) pelas avaliações negativas, indicando pequena extensão. As pessoas de minorias sexuais e de gênero que trabalhavam, possuíam problema renal, haviam sido internadas recentemente e sua identidade de gênero e orientação sexual eram conhecidas pelos profissionais de saúde apresentaram mais chance de avaliar bem a Atenção Primária à Saúde. Conclusão: Este trabalho aponta como fragilidades no cuidado da população LGBTQIAP+ os atributos de orientação familiar, acessibilidade, longitudinalidade e serviços disponíveis que podem ser priorizadas para a melhoria da qualidade da Atenção Primária à Saúde do Sistema Único de Saúde brasileiro. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Health Evaluation , Gender and Health , Transgender Persons , Health Services for Transgender Persons , Sexual and Gender Minorities , Gender Equity , Access to Primary CareABSTRACT
El sistema de salud argentino se ha constituido de manera compleja, caracterizándose por la segmentación y la fragmentación que dificultan la accesibilidad a los servicios de salud. Las personas gestantes constituyen una de las poblaciones de riesgo de padecer formas graves de enfermedad por coronavirus. Asimismo la Organización Panamericana de la Salud alertó sobre la interrupción de los servicios de atención de mujeres, especialmente al control prenatal y del recién nacido en la mitad de los países de las Américas. Se realizó un estudio cualitativo con el objetivo de describir y comprender las experiencias de accesibilidad al sistema de salud de personas que transitaron embarazo y/o parto durante la emergencia sanitaria en la Plata y Gran La Plata. Para ello se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas individuales a esta población. Los datos obtenidos fueron sometidos a un análisis de contenido temático, cuyas principales categorías de análisis fueron la segmentación y fragmentación del sistema de salud. Entre los resultados se destaca la importancia que tuvieron "las salitas" del primer nivel en el acceso a la atención de salud y el rol de las obstétricas en el intento de sortear los obstáculos que presenta la segmentación y la fragmentación del sistema sanitario. Se concluye que es menester pensar políticas para fortalecer el primer nivel de atención, la implementación de la estrategia de atención primaria de la salud en todos los niveles del sistema, al mismo tiempo que se requiere el fortalecimiento de una profesión autónoma y humanista, como lo es la obstetricia
The Argentine health system has been constituted in a complex manner, characterized by segmentation and fragmentation that hinder accessibility to health services. Pregnant women are one of the populations at risk of suffering severe forms of coronavirus disease. The Pan American Health Organization also warned about the interruption of women's health care services, especially prenatal and newborn care, in half the countries of the Americas. A qualitative study was carried out with the aim of describing and understanding the experiences of accessibility to the health system of people who experienced pregnancy and/or childbirth during the health emergency in La Plata and Gran La Plata. For this purpose, individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with this population. The data obtained were subjected to a thematic content analysis, whose main categories of analysis were the segmentation and fragmentation of the health system. Among the results, the importance of the "salitas" of the first level in the access to health care and the role of obstetricians in the attempt to overcome the obstacles presented by the segmentation and fragmentation of the health system stand out. It is concluded that it is necessary to think of policies to strengthen the first level of care, the implementation of the primary health care strategy at all levels of the system, and at the same time the strengthening of an autonomous and humanistic profession, such as midwifery, is required
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Prenatal Care/organization & administration , COVID-19 , Health Services Accessibility , Maternal Health Services/organization & administration , Argentina , Qualitative Research , Access to Primary CareABSTRACT
Aquí se ubica Red7, como dispositivo sanitario regional, encontrando su campo de intervención en aquellas situaciones en donde determinadas articulaciones se ven obstaculizadas por la histórica fragmentación del sistema de salud y la escasez de recursos, tanto sanitarios como comunitarios. Sobre lo último, cabe mencionar que las estrategias incluyen actores del territorio que no suelen estar nombrados exclusivamente como agentes sanitarios, pero que, en el entramado social de cada comunidad, se constituyen como espacios de salud/salud mental. Considerar a la accesibilidad, no únicamente como estrategia o recurso, sino como posición ética a asumir desde las prácticas en salud, conlleva a instituirla como política sanitaria, jerarquizando su función y su lugar dentro del amplio espectro de elementos del campo. De ahí que, destacando su potencial como noción, la accesibilidad invita a repensar y reformular las políticas de salud, con el eje en la perspectiva del sujeto en relación a su entramado social y la construcción, siempre singular, del proceso salud-enfermedad-cuidado.
Subject(s)
Access to Primary CareABSTRACT
Objetivo: Descrever a prevalência de hipertensão arterial (HA), segundo características sociodemográficas, no Brasil, e analisar os indicadores relacionados ao acesso aos serviços de saúde e orientações para controle do agravo no país. Métodos: Estudo transversal descritivo utilizando a Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde (PNS) de 2019. Estimou-se a prevalência de HA com intervalo de confiança de 95% (IC95%), além das proporções dos indicadores da HA. Resultados: Foram 88.531 os entrevistados, dos quais 23,9% autorreferiram HA, mais prevalente entre o sexo feminino (26,4%) e idosos (55,0%). Entre aqueles que autorrelataram HA, 57,8% referiram atenção médica nos últimos seis meses; a maioria recebeu orientações sobre autocuidado; 66,1% foram atendidos em serviço público de saúde; e 45,8%, em unidade básica de saúde (UBS). Conclusão: A prevalência de HA na população brasileira foi alta, com a maioria das pessoas que autorreferiram o agravo sendo atendidas em serviços do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), onde receberam orientações sobre promoção da saúde
Objetivo: Describir la prevalencia de hipertensión arterial (HA) según características sociodemográficas en Brasil y analizar los indicadores relacionados con el acceso a los servicios de salud y orientaciones para su control. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal utilizando la Encuesta Nacional de Salud 2019. Se estimó la prevalencia de HA con intervalo de confianza del 95% (IC95%) y proporciones de los indicadores de la HA. Resultados: Hubo 88.531 entrevistados, de los cuales 23,9% declararon haber HA, con mayor prevalencia entre el sexo femenino (26,4%) y ancianos (55,0%). Entre los autodeclarados con HA, 57,8% recibió atención médica en los últimos seis meses; la mayoría recibió orientación sobre el autocuidado; 66,1% fue atendido en un servicio público de salud y 45,8% en unidad básica de salud. Conclusión: La prevalencia de la HA en la población brasileña fue alta, con la mayoría de las personas que autorreferían al agravio siendo atendidas en los servicios del Sistema Único de Salud (SUS), donde han recibido orientación sobre el autocuidado.
Objective: To describe the prevalence of arterial hypertension according to sociodemographic characteristics in Brazil and to analyze the indicators related to access to health services and guidelines for controlling the disease in the country. Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study using the National Health Survey (PNS) conducted in 2019. The prevalence of hypertension was estimated with a 95% confidence interval, in addition to the proportions of hypertension indicators. Results: There were 88,531 respondents, of which 23.9% self-reported hypertension, more prevalent among females (26.4%) and the elderly (55.0%). Among those who self-reported hypertension, 57.8% reported medical attention in the last six months; most received guidance on self-care; 66.1% were seen in public health services; and 45.8%, in primary health care units. Conclusion: The prevalence of hypertension in the Brazilian population was high, with most people who self-reported the condition being seen in services of the Brazilian National Health System (SUS), where they received guidance on health promotion.