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1.
Int. j. morphol ; 42(2): 234-238, abr. 2024.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1558132

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY: Barrett's esophagus is a condition where the distal third of the esophagus changes its epithelial lining from non- keratinized stratified squamous to simple columnar. This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted to characterize the esophageal mucosa in the third trimester of pregnancy and determine possible variants in its development and was carried out in the Morphology Laboratory of the Health Faculty of the Industrial University of Santander, Colombia, with 45 human fetuses in the third trimester of gestation (weeks 25-40). A section of the distal esophagus and the first portion of the cardial region of the stomach were obtained, and the histological sections were subjected to a fixation process with 5 % formaldehyde solution. The sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and were evaluated for the presence of epithelial change or glands in the esophageal lamina propria. The change from non- keratinized stratified squamous epithelium to simple columnar epithelium was observed in the esophageal mucosa in five fetuses (11.1 %). In 15 cases (33.3 %), the presence of mucous glands underlying the epithelium was determined. In two fetuses, simple columnar epithelium was observed in the esophageal mucosa and underlying submucosal glands (4.4 %). The lack of replacement of the columnar epithelium by squamous epithelium in the distal third of the esophagus and the presence of mucous glands in the last third of gestation may suggest the presentation of Barret's esophagus in adulthood and thus, a predisposition to develop esophageal adenocarcinoma.


El esófago de Barrett es una afección en la que el tercio distal del esófago cambia su revestimiento epitelial de escamoso estratificado no queratinizado a columnar simple. Este estudio descriptivo de corte transversal tiene como objetivo caracterizar la mucosa esofágica en el tercer trimestre del embarazo y determinar posibles variantes en su desarrollo y se realizó en el laboratorio de Morfología de la Facultad de Salud de la Universidad Industrial de Santander-Colombia, con 45 fetos humanos en el tercer trimestre de gestación (semanas 25-40). Se obtuvo una sección del esófago distal y la primera porción de la región cardial del estómago y las secciones histológicas se sometieron a un proceso de fijación con solución de formaldehído al 5 %. Los cortes se tiñeron con hematoxilina y eosina y se evaluaron determinando la presencia de cambio epitelial y glándulas en la lámina propia del esófago. El cambio de epitelio escamoso estratificado no queratinizado a epitelio cilíndrico simple se observó en la mucosa esofágica en cinco fetos (11,1 %). En 15 casos (33,3 %) se determinó la presencia de glándulas mucosas subyacentes al epitelio. En dos fetos se observó epitelio cilíndrico simple en la mucosa esofágica y glándulas submucosas subyacentes (4,4 %). La falta de reemplazo del epitelio cilíndrico por epitelio escamoso en el tercio distal del esófago y la presencia de glándulas mucosas en el último tercio de la gestación pueden sugerir la presentación de esófago de Barrett en la edad adulta y una predisposición a desarrollar adenocarcinoma de esófago.


Subject(s)
Humans , Barrett Esophagus/etiology , Esophageal Mucosa/pathology , Barrett Esophagus/complications , Esophageal Neoplasms/etiology , Adenocarcinoma/etiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Epithelium/pathology , Fetus , Metaplasia/pathology
2.
Rev. cuba. cir ; 62(4)dic. 2023.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1550843

ABSTRACT

Introducción: El cáncer de pulmón ocupa el primer lugar entre las causas de mortalidad por cáncer a nivel mundial y solamente el 15,6 por ciento de los que padecen esta enfermedad sobreviven los 5 años. Objetivo: Evaluar la influencia de los factores pronósticos en la supervivencia de operados por cáncer de pulmón. Métodos: Estudio observacional descriptivo, tipo serie de casos de 107 enfermos operados en el Hospital Universitario General Calixto García en el período 2015-2020. Se utilizaron las variables tipo histológico, estadio clínico, estado físico e intervención quirúrgica. Resultados: Predominó el sexo masculino en edades entre 60-69 años, con antecedentes de hipertensión arterial y tabaquismo. Los síntomas que predominaron fueron la disnea, la tos y el dolor torácico. Las etapas clínicas más frecuentes fueron en orden: IIIA, IIB, IIA y las variantes histopatológicas adenocarcinoma y epidermoide. La técnica quirúrgica más empleada fue la lobectomía. Conclusiones: Los factores pronósticos de mayor significación estadística son la comorbilidad, la presencia de síntomas y el diagnóstico tardío. Los factores pronósticos relacionados con el tumor y el tratamiento quirúrgico con adyuvancia tienen una alta repercusión en la supervivencia(AU)


Introduction: Lung cancer ranks first among the causes of cancer mortality worldwide and only 15.6 percent of those with this disease survive the 5 years. Objective: To assess the influence of prognostic factors on the survival of patients operated on for lung cancer. Methods: A descriptive observational study of case series was carried out with 107 patients operated on at Hospital Universitario General Calixto García in the period 2015-2020. The variables histological type, clinical stage, physical condition and surgical intervention were used. Results: There was a predominance of the male sex, aged 60-69 years, with a history of arterial hypertension and smoking. The predominant symptoms were dyspnea, cough and chest pain. The most frequent clinical stages were IIIA, IIB, IIA, in that order; and the predominant histopathological variants were adenocarcinoma and epidermoid. The most commonly used surgical technique was lobectomy. Conclusions: The prognostic factors of greatest statistical significance are comorbidity, presence of symptoms and late diagnosis. Prognostic factors related to the tumor or the adjuvant surgical treatment have a high impact on survival(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Aged , Adenocarcinoma/etiology , Lung Neoplasms/mortality , Pneumonectomy/methods , Epidemiology, Descriptive
3.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 151(10): 1332-1343, oct. 2023. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1565651

ABSTRACT

El esófago de Barrett (EB) se define como la condición en la cual una mucosa columnar metaplásica predispuesta a neoplasia reemplaza la mucosa escamosa del esófago distal. La guías actuales recomiendan que el diagnóstico requiere el hallazgo de metaplasia intestinal (MI) con células caliciformes de al menos 1 cm de longitud. El EB afecta aproximadamente al 1% de la población general y hasta en 14% de los pacientes con enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico (ERGE). El EB es precursor del adenocarcinoma esofágico (ACE), neoplasia en aumento en países occidentales. Los principales factores de riesgo descritos para ACE asociado a EB son: sexo masculino, edad > 50 años, obesidad central y tabaquismo. El riesgo anual de ACE en EB sin displasia, displasia de bajo (DBG) y alto grado es 0,1-0,3%, 0,5% y 5-8%, respectivamente. El tratamiento del EB no displásico consiste en un cambio de estilo de vida saludable, quimioprevención mediante inhibidores de la bomba de protones y vigilancia endoscópica cada 3 a 5 años. Se recomienda que a partir de la presencia de DBG los pacientes sean referidos a un centro experto para la confirmación del diagnóstico, estadio y así definir su manejo. En pacientes con EB y displasia o cáncer incipiente, el tratamiento endoscópico consiste en la resección y ablación, con un éxito cercano al 90%. El principal evento adverso es la estenosis esofágica que es manejada endoscópicamente.


Barrett's esophagus (BE) is the condition in which a metaplastic columnar mucosa predisposed to neoplasia replaces the squamous mucosa of the distal esophagus. The current guidelines recommends that diagnosis requires the finding of intestinal metaplasia (IM) with goblet cells of at least 1 cm in length. BE affects approximately 1% of the general population and up to 14% of patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). BE is a precursor of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), which has increased in western countries. The main risk factors described for EAC associated with BE are male sex, age > 50 years, central obesity and tobacco use. Annual risk of EAC in patients with BE without dysplasia, low grade (LGD) and high-grade dysplasia is 0,1-0,3%, 0,5% y 5-8%, respectively. Treatment of non-dysplastic BE consists mainly of a healthy lifestyle change, chemoprevention with proton pump inhibitors and surveillance endoscopy every 3 to 5 years. It is recommended that from the presence of LGD patients are referred to an expert center for confirmation of the diagnosis, stage and thus define their management. In patients with BE and dysplasia or early-stage cancer, endoscopic therapy with resection and ablation is successful in about 90% of the patients. The main adverse event is esophageal stricture, which is managed endoscopically.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Barrett Esophagus/diagnosis , Barrett Esophagus/etiology , Barrett Esophagus/therapy , Esophageal Neoplasms/diagnosis , Esophageal Neoplasms/etiology , Esophageal Neoplasms/therapy , Adenocarcinoma/diagnosis , Adenocarcinoma/etiology , Adenocarcinoma/pathology , Precancerous Conditions/diagnosis , Precancerous Conditions/therapy , Risk Factors , Esophagoscopy
4.
Rev. cuba. cir ; 59(4): e996, oct.-dic. 2020. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1149844

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Introducción: La evaluación del mediastino en los pacientes que reciben tratamiento quirúrgico por cáncer del pulmón tiene sus orígenes en la necesidad de definir la extensión anatómica de cada estación nodal, lo cual es indispensable para la categorización patológica de los nódulos linfáticos. Objetivo: Evaluar la utilidad de la linfadenectomía mediastinal en el tratamiento quirúrgico del cáncer pulmonar. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio analítico de carácter prospectivo en el período comprendido entre enero de 2015 al 31 de agosto de 2018. El universo estuvo conformado por 96 pacientes con algún tipo de linfadenectomía mediastinal en el tratamiento quirúrgico del cáncer pulmonar dentro del período señalado. Se utilizaron métodos estadísticos, teóricos y empíricos. Resultados: La edad promedio fue 58,69 ± 9,343, el sexo masculino fue el más afectado y el adenocarcinoma el tipo histológico que predominó. La etapa clínica y patológica mayoritaria fue la III A y la lobectomía superior derecha la intervención más realizada. Se efectuaron un total de 76 disecciones ganglionares sistemáticas, seguidas por 18 muestreos ganglionares y 2 biopsias. Las linfadenectomías realizadas provocaron cambios de estadios en 46 pacientes. El análisis del valor predictivo positivo y negativo, así como de la sensibilidad y la especificidad fueron altos, así como las complicaciones escasas. Conclusiones: La linfadenectomía mediastinal como parte del tratamiento quirúrgico en el cáncer pulmonar constituye un pilar fundamental en la estadificación patológica del TNM, al mostrar una exactitud diagnóstica alta(AU)


ABSTRACT Introduction: Evaluation of the mediastinum in patients receiving surgical treatment for lung cancer has its origins in the need to define the anatomical extension of each node station, which is essential for the pathological categorization of lymph nodes. Objective: To evaluate the usefulness of mediastinal lymphadenectomy in the surgical treatment of lung cancer. Methods: A prospective and analytical study was carried out in the period from January 2015 to August 31, 2018. The universe consisted of 96 patients with some type of mediastinal lymphadenectomy in the surgical treatment of lung cancer within the indicated period. Statistical, theoretical and empirical methods were used. Results: The average age was 58.69 ± 9.343. The male sex was the most affected. Adenocarcinoma was the histological type that predominated. The most manifested clinical and pathological stage was III A. Right upper lobectomy was the most performed intervention. A total of 76 systematic lymph node dissections were performed, followed by 18 lymph node samples and two biopsies. The lymphadenectomies performed caused stage changes in 46 patients. The analysis of positive and negative predictive value, as well as sensitivity and specificity, were high. There were few complications. Conclusions: Mediastinal lymphadenectomy as part of the surgical treatment in lung cancer constitutes a fundamental procedure for the pathological staging of TNM, as it shows high diagnostic accuracy(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Adenocarcinoma/etiology , Predictive Value of Tests , Lung Neoplasms/surgery , Lymph Node Excision/methods , Prospective Studies , Sensitivity and Specificity
5.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Clín. Méd ; 18(3): 180-188, mar 2020.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1361584

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Demonstrar fatores envolvidos nos distúrbios do sono em profissionais que fazem plantões. Métodos: Trata-se de estudo transversal, cuja amostra foi composta de 244 voluntários, plantonistas da área da saúde, sendo 191 do sexo feminino, que responderam a um questionário socioeconômico, associado à aplicação da Escala de Sonolência de Epworth e ao Índice de Qualidade do Sono de Pittsburgh. Os dados foram analisados pelos coeficientes de Spearman e de Kendall Tau, com distribuição de probabilidade gama. Resultados: Houve significância (p<0,05) com o Índice de Qualidade do Sono de Pittsburgh e a atividade física (+0,216), ergonomia (+0,148), filhos (-0,146), valor da remuneração (+0,112) e disfunção durante o dia (+0,352). Também houve significância com a Escala de Sonolência de Epworth e atividade física (+0,138), renda familiar (-0,118), trabalho semanal (-0,151), latência do sono (-0,106), duração do sono (-0,107), eficiência do sono (-0,139) e disfunção durante o dia (+0,170). Por fim, a eficiência do sono teve significiância com profissão (-0,209), tabagismo (+0,402), Escala de Sonolência de Epworth (-0,139) e dissonias com a obesidade (índice de massa corporal >30; razão de chance de 1,40; intervalo de confiança de 95% de 1,02-1,94). Conclusão: As medidas autorrelatadas são prontamente obtidas com questionários validados, como a Escala de Sonolência de Epworth e o Índice de Qualidade do Sono de Pittsburgh, encontrando-se correlações com renda familiar, ter ou não filhos, índice de massa corporal, atividade física, ergonomia, condições de trabalho, tabagismo e componentes biopsicossociais. Em virtude do caráter transversal deste estudo é indispensável mais estudos com maior follow-up


Objective: To demonstrate factors involved in sleep disorders in professionals who take shifts. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study whose sample consists of 244 volunteers, on-duty health workers, 191 females, who answered a socioeconomic questionnaire, associated with application of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Data were analyzed with Spearman's and Kendall Tau coefficients, and gamma probability distribution. Results: There was significance (p<0,05) with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and physical activity (+0,216), ergonomics (+0,148), children (-0,146), the wage (+0,112), dysfunction during the day (+0,352). Also there was significance with the Epworth Sleepiness Scale and physical activity (+0,138), family income (-0,118), weekly workload (-0,151), sleep latency (-0,106), sleep duration (-0,107), sleep efficiency (-0,139), and dysfunction during the day (+0,170). Finally, sleep efficiency was significant with occupation (-0,209), smoking habits (+0,402), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (-0,139), dyssomnia with obesity (body index mass >30; OR of 1,40; CI 95% 1,02-1,94). Conclusion: Self-reported measures are readily obtained with validated questionnaires such as Epworth Sleepiness Scale and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, with correlations with family income, having children or not, body mass index, physical activity, ergonomics, working conditions, smoking habits, and biopsychosocial components. Due to the cross-sectional nature of this study, further research with longer follow-up is indispensable


Subject(s)
Humans , Barrett Esophagus/diagnosis , Esophageal Neoplasms/diagnosis , Adenocarcinoma/diagnosis , Barrett Esophagus/surgery , Barrett Esophagus/complications , Barrett Esophagus/etiology , Barrett Esophagus/physiopathology , Barrett Esophagus/pathology , Barrett Esophagus/blood , Barrett Esophagus/epidemiology , Esophageal Neoplasms/surgery , Esophageal Neoplasms/etiology , Esophageal Neoplasms/physiopathology , Esophageal Neoplasms/pathology , Esophageal Neoplasms/blood , Esophageal Neoplasms/epidemiology , Adenocarcinoma/surgery , Adenocarcinoma/etiology , Adenocarcinoma/physiopathology , Adenocarcinoma/pathology , Adenocarcinoma/blood , Adenocarcinoma/epidemiology , Gastroesophageal Reflux/complications
6.
Acta cir. bras ; Acta cir. bras;35(9): e202000904, 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1130677

ABSTRACT

Abstract Purpose: To investigate the role of omeprazole and nitrites on the gastric mucosa of rats submitted to specific techniques to induce duodenogastric reflux. Methods: One hundred and twenty Wistar rats were divided into three groups: Group I (n=40) -gastrotomy; Group II (n=40) - duodenogastric reflux after gastrojejunoanastomosis latero-lateral (DGR); Group III (n=40) - retrograde duodenogastric reflux through the pylorus (DGR-P). The groups were divided into 4 subgroups of 10 animals, respectively treated for 16 weeks with water, omeprazole 1.6 mg / rat / day, nitrite 600 mg / kg / day and omeprazole plus nitrite simultaneously. Results: The proliferative lesions found were: squamous hyperplasia - 69.1%, adenomatous hyperplasia in the anastomosis - 29.1% and prepyloric adenomatous hyperplasia - 42.5%. Adenocarcinomas were registered in 7 animals (5.8%): one in Group I (omeprazole plus nitrite), two in Group II (omeprazole and nitrite plus omeprazole) and four in Group III (water, nitrite, omeprazole and omeprazole plus nitrite). Conclusions: The occurrence of squamous hyperplasia, adenomatous hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma increased after gastrojejunal anastomoses, which cause duodenogastric reflux. The association of omeprazole did not protect the development of proliferative lesions and cancer induced by duodenogastric reflux in rats.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Rats , Omeprazole/pharmacology , Adenocarcinoma/etiology , Adenocarcinoma/prevention & control , Duodenogastric Reflux/complications , Proton Pump Inhibitors/pharmacology , Rats, Wistar , Gastric Mucosa
8.
Neumol. pediátr. (En línea) ; 12(3): 122-124, jul. 2017. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-999090

ABSTRACT

Cystic adenomatoid malformation is the most frequent congenital pulmonary malformation. The usual treatment is surgical resection. However there is controversy over management in asymptomatic patients. The possible malignization would justify surgery of cystic lesions. Relation with pleuropulmonary blastoma has been described, however it is not clear whether this is a primary tumor or cyst malignization. Cystic adenomatoid malformation also has association with adenocarcinoma and rhabdomyosarcoma. Currently available evidence suggests surgical resection, despite the natural course of congenital lung cystic lesions is uncertain


La malformación adenomatoidea quística (MAQ) es la anomalía del desarrollo pulmonar más frecuente. El tratamiento habitual es la resección quirúrgica, no obstante existe controversia sobre el manejo en pacientes asintomáticos. La posible malignización de las lesiones quísticas es uno de los argumentos que justifican la cirugía en estos pacientes. Se ha descrito relación con blastoma pleuropulmonar, sin embargo no está claro si se trataría de una lesión quística que se maligniza o es una entidad diferente. También hay asociación con adenocarcinoma y rabdomiosarcoma . Actualmente se sugiere la resección quirúrgica como el tratamiento más adecuado, sin embargo la evolución natural de las lesiones quísticas pulmonares congénitas es incierta


Subject(s)
Humans , Cystic Adenomatoid Malformation of Lung, Congenital/surgery , Cystic Adenomatoid Malformation of Lung, Congenital/complications , Pulmonary Blastoma/etiology , Lung Neoplasms/etiology , Rhabdomyosarcoma/etiology , Rhabdomyosarcoma/prevention & control , Adenocarcinoma/etiology , Adenocarcinoma/prevention & control , Lung Neoplasms/prevention & control
9.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 144(11): 1382-1390, nov. 2016. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-845459

ABSTRACT

Background: Identifying risk factors for lung cancer in the population could improve the cost-effectiveness of early detection programs using thoracic computed tomography (CT). Aim: To examine the risk factors of lung cancer in a cohort of adult smokers. Patients and Methods: An annual clinical and respiratory functional assessment, chest computed tomography for three years and clinical follow up for five years was carried out in 270 patients aged 65 ± 9 years, 55% males, active or former smokers of 10 or more pack-years. Results: Thirty seven percent of patients were active smokers, consuming 37 ± 26 packs/year, 85% had comorbidities, especially chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (66%), hypertension (48%), diabetes (22%) and dyslipidemia (42%). Thirteen percent of patients had family history of lung cancer. Twenty-one cases of lung cancer were detected in the five years follow up, especially squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. In the univariate analysis, the main risk factors for lung cancer identified were an age older than 60 years, history of COPD, family history of lung cancer, active smoking, tobacco consumption more than 30 pack/year and lung hyperinflation. In multivariate analysis, the three independent risk factors for lung cancer were a family history of lung cancer, active smoking and the number of packs per year of tobacco consumption. Conclusions: The identification of risk groups probably will improve the performance of programs for early detection of lung cancer.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/etiology , Adenocarcinoma/etiology , Smoking/adverse effects , Lung Neoplasms/etiology , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/diagnosis , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/epidemiology , Adenocarcinoma/diagnosis , Adenocarcinoma/epidemiology , Smoking/epidemiology , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Comorbidity , Chile/epidemiology , Prospective Studies , Risk Factors , Follow-Up Studies , Risk Assessment , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/etiology , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/epidemiology , Diabetes Mellitus/etiology , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology , Dyslipidemias/etiology , Dyslipidemias/epidemiology , Early Detection of Cancer , Hypertension/etiology , Hypertension/epidemiology , Lung Neoplasms/diagnosis , Lung Neoplasms/epidemiology
10.
Acta cir. bras ; Acta cir. bras;31(4): 286-293, Apr. 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-781334

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of letrozole (Ltz) in carcinogen+estrogen-induced endometrial hyperplasia. METHODS: BALB/c female mice were divided into four groups of 12 animals each receiving an intrauterine dose of N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) and weekly subcutaneous injections of estradiol hexaidrobenzoate (EHB), except for group I(control). The groups were divided in I (control), II (ENU+EHB), III (ENU+EHB+MPA) and IV (ENU+EHB+Ltz). Group III also received intramuscular injections of MPA (medroxy progesterone acetate) every four weeks, while group IV received oral doses of Ltz daily. At the end of 16 weeks, the animals were sacrificed, and blood samples were collected for the measurement of serum estradiol and progesterone levels. Uterine histological sections were made to evaluate the presence of endometrial proliferative lesions. Differences between groups were evaluated with student's t test, ANOVA and chi-square test. RESULTS: Groups ENU+EHB, ENU+EHB+MPA and ENU+EHB+Ltz showed varying degrees of endometrial hyperplasia. The incidence of hyperplasia in groups ENU+EHB and ENU+EHB+Ltz was higher and more severe than in group ENU+EHB+MPA. Control group showed lower levels of serum estradiol than the other groups. CONCLUSION: There was no evidence that letrozole could act as an antiestrogenic drug in the development of endometrial proliferative lesions.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Triazoles/pharmacology , Aromatase Inhibitors/pharmacology , Endometrial Hyperplasia/drug therapy , Carcinogenesis/drug effects , Nitriles/pharmacology , Progesterone/blood , Time Factors , Triazoles/therapeutic use , Adenocarcinoma/etiology , Adenocarcinoma/drug therapy , Reproducibility of Results , Treatment Outcome , Endometrial Neoplasms/etiology , Endometrial Neoplasms/drug therapy , Medroxyprogesterone Acetate/pharmacology , Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal/pharmacology , Aromatase Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Endometrial Hyperplasia/chemically induced , Endometrial Hyperplasia/pathology , Endometrium/drug effects , Endometrium/pathology , Estradiol/blood , Ethylnitrosourea , Carcinogenesis/pathology , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Nitriles/therapeutic use
11.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; Medicina (B.Aires);75(1): 18-22, Feb. 2015. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-750506

ABSTRACT

El objetivo del presente trabajo ha sido evaluar la incidencia y las características clínicas de los tumores aparecidos de novo en los pacientes sometidos a trasplante hepático, como así también su supervivencia. Para ello, analizamos en forma retrospectiva los 168 trasplantes hepáticos realizados en 159 pacientes adultos en el período mayo 2006 hasta mayo 2014, encontrando una incidencia de neoplasia de novo de 7.5% (n = 12). La edad media en el momento del diagnóstico fue de 63 ± 7 años. Las neoplasias más frecuentes fueron las de piel no melanoma y adenocarcinomas. El 50% de las neoplasias se desarrollaron en el segundo y tercer año postrasplante. El tipo de inmunosupresión no influyó en el tipo de tumor; sin embargo, debemos destacar que la mayor parte de los pacientes recibieron tacrolimus, micofenolato y/o corticoides. El tiempo medio de seguimiento tras el diagnóstico del tumor fue 25 ± 29 meses (0-76), y la tasa de mortalidad fue de un 41% (5/12 pacientes IC95%,15-72).La supervivencia global luego del trasplante a 1 y 5 años, calculada por análisis de Kaplan-Meier, fue de 83 y 55%, respectivamente. Los tumores de novo son frecuentes luego del trasplante hepático y presentan un patrón evolutivo diferente al de la población general. Teniendo en cuenta esta evolución más agresiva, es fundamental el seguimiento periódico en estos pacientes para realizar un diagnóstico lo más precoz posible.


The aim of the present study was to evaluate the incidence and clinical features of de novo tumors in patients undergoing liver transplantation in our center as well as to assess survival. We retrospectively analyzed 168 liver transplantations (159 patients) performed from May 2006 to May 2014. The incidence of de novo tumors was 7.5% (n = 12). The mean age at diagnosis was 63 ± 7 years. The most frequent neoplasms were non melanoma skin tumors and adenocarcinomas. Fifty percent of the tumors developed in the second and third year after transplantation. Type of immunosuppression did not influence tumoral type, although most patients receive tacrolimus in combination with mycofenolate and/or corticoids. The mean duration of follow-up after diagnosis of the tumor was 25 ± 29 months (range 0-76) and the mortality was 41%. The actuarial probability of survival at 1 and 5 years was 83 and 55%, respectively. De novo tumors are frequent after liver transplantation and their clinical course differs from that in the general population. Because their clinical course is more aggressive, regular follow up of these patients is essential for early diagnosis.


Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Adenocarcinoma/epidemiology , Colonic Neoplasms/epidemiology , Liver Transplantation/adverse effects , Prostatic Neoplasms/epidemiology , Skin Neoplasms/epidemiology , Adenocarcinoma/etiology , Argentina/epidemiology , Drug Combinations , Incidence , Immunosuppressive Agents/adverse effects , Liver Transplantation/mortality , Retrospective Studies , Survival Analysis , Skin Neoplasms/etiology
12.
J. vet. sci ; J. vet. sci;: 281-287, 2015.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-66458

ABSTRACT

Chronic inflammation has been considered an important risk factor for development of prostate cancer. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) recognize microbial moieties or endogenous molecules and play an important role in the triggering and promotion of inflammation. In this study, we examined whether expression of TLR4 and TLR5 was associated with progression of prostate transformation in the transgenic adenocarcinoma of mouse prostate (TRAMP) model. The expression of TLR4 and TLR5 was evaluated by immunohistochemisty in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded prostate tissue from wild-type (WT) and TRAMP mice. Normal prostate tissue from WT mice showed strong expression of TLR4 and TLR5. However, TLR4 expression in the prostate tissue from TRAMP mice gradually decreased as pathologic grade became more aggressive. TLR5 expression in the prostate tissue from TRAMP mice also decreased in low-grade prostate intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), high-grade PIN and poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. Overall, our results suggest that decreased expression of TLR4 and TLR5 may contribute to prostate tumorigenesis.


Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Male , Mice , Adenocarcinoma/etiology , Cell Transformation, Neoplastic , Disease Progression , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Mice, Transgenic , Prostatic Neoplasms/etiology , Toll-Like Receptor 4/genetics , Toll-Like Receptor 5/genetics
13.
Lima; s.n; 2015. 86 p. tab.
Thesis in Spanish | LILACS, LIPECS | ID: lil-758227

ABSTRACT

Los adenocarcinomas gastrointestinales son un grupo de neoplasias que tiene su origen en las células que constituyen el revestimiento interno de las glándulas de secreción externa del tracto gastrointestinal, es un tipo de crecimiento celular maligno producido por la proliferación de células anormales con capacidad de invasión y destrucción de otros tejidos y órganos. En las formas metastásicas, las células tumorales pueden infiltrar los vasos linfáticos de los tejidos, diseminarse a los ganglios y, sobrepasando esta barrera, penetrar en la circulación sanguínea, después de lo cual queda abierto virtualmente el camino a cualquier órgano del cuerpo. Al ser neoplasias muy raras en la edad pediátrica se dificulta tener una casuística suficiente para determinar las mejores conductas terapéuticas y se desconoce en nuestro medio de estadísticas fidedignas que reflejen la real magnitud del problema y por ello se hacen necesarios estudios descriptivos que puedan ser base de estudios posteriores. Nuestro objetivo es determinar las características clínicas, epidemiológicas y anatomopatológicas de los adenocarcinomas del tracto gastrointestinal en el Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas en menores de 18 años durante el periodo 1997 a 2012...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Female , Child , Adenocarcinoma/epidemiology , Adenocarcinoma/etiology , Adenocarcinoma/physiopathology , Esophageal Neoplasms , Gastrointestinal Neoplasms , Stomach Neoplasms , Intestinal Neoplasms , Observational Studies as Topic , Longitudinal Studies , Retrospective Studies , Case Reports
14.
Rev. argent. coloproctología ; 25(1): 30-33, mar. 2014. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-752829

ABSTRACT

El síndrome de Lynch (SL) es una enfermedad autosómica dominante causada por una mutación en los genes de reparación del ADN que predispone al cáncer colorrectal (CCR) y a otros tumores extracolónicos. Entre estos predominan los del endometrio, estómago, tracto urinario alto y ovario. La incidencia de los tumores de intestino delgado (TID) si bien es baja (0,4-2,9%), supera en más de 25 veces a la de la población general. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar un caso de carcinoma del duodeno en un paciente masculino de 47 años con criterios de Amsterdam II, y discutir las características de los TID en el SL.


Lynch Syndrome (LS) is an autosomal dominant condition caused by mutations in the mismatch repair genes that predispose to colorectal cancer (CRC) and other extracolonic tumors. Among these, endometrial, gastric, ovarian, and urinary tract tumors are the commonest. The incidence of small bowel tumors (SBT), although low (0.4-2.9%), exceeds in more than 25 times that of the general population. The purpose of this paper is to communicate a case of carcinoma of the duodenum in a 47 years old male with Amsterdam II criteria, and discuss the characteristics of SBT in LS.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Colorectal Neoplasms, Hereditary Nonpolyposis/complications , Intestinal Neoplasms/surgery , Intestinal Neoplasms/etiology , Intestinal Neoplasms/secondary , Adenocarcinoma/surgery , Adenocarcinoma/etiology , Adenocarcinoma/secondary , Colorectal Neoplasms, Hereditary Nonpolyposis/mortality
15.
Gut and Liver ; : 356-370, 2014.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-175286

ABSTRACT

Barrett's esophagus (BE) is the only known precursor to esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), whose incidence has increased sharply in the last 4 decades. The annual conversion rate of BE to cancer is significant, but small. The identification of patients at a higher risk of cancer therefore poses a clinical conundrum. Currently, endoscopic surveillance is recommended in BE patients, with the aim of diagnosing either dysplasia or cancer at early stages, both of which are curable with minimally invasive endoscopic techniques. There is a large variation in clinical practice for endoscopic surveillance, and dysplasia as a marker of increased risk is affected by sampling error and high interobserver variability. Screening programs have not yet been formally accepted, mainly due to the economic burden that would be generated by upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Screening programs have not yet been formally accepted, mainly due to the economic burden that would be generated by widespread indication to upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. In fact, it is currently difficult to formulate an accurate algorithm to confidently target the population at risk, based on the known clinical risk factors for BE and EAC. This review will focus on the clinical and molecular factors that are involved in the development of BE and its conversion to cancer and on how increased knowledge in these areas can improve the clinical management of the disease.


Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Mice , Adenocarcinoma/etiology , Barrett Esophagus/complications , Diagnostic Imaging/methods , Disease Models, Animal , Epigenesis, Genetic/physiology , Esophageal Neoplasms/diagnosis , Esophagoscopy/methods , Forecasting , Genetic Markers/physiology , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Risk Factors
16.
Acta otorrinolaringol. cir. cabeza cuello ; 41(2): 132-136, abr.-jun. 2013. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-702240

ABSTRACT

El adenocarcinoma nasofaríngeo primario (NAC, por sus siglas en inglés: Nasopharyngeal Adenocarcinoma) es una neoplasia muy rara. Se cree que se origina en las glándulas salivales menores, y representa aproximadamente el 0,5% de todos los cánceres de la nasofaringe. Tiene una serie de características clínicas, que incluyen un inicio insidioso con síntomas progresivos, como la obstrucción nasal y epistaxis, que se extienden por un período de semanas a varios meses. La mayoría de estos tumores se observan en pacientes de edad media (entre los 30-50 años). Se presenta el caso de una paciente de diez años de edad, con obstrucción nasal progresiva y rinitis, a quien se le diagnosticó un adenocarcinoma nasofaríngeo. Lamentablemente, no hay estrategias terapéuticas establecidas; sin embargo, la resección quirúrgica es el tratamiento de elección, con radioterapia concomitante o sin ella. Estas estrategias son similares a las recomendadas para el carcinoma escamocelular nasofaríngeo, pues casi todos los pacientes se benefician del tratamiento quirúrgico; no obstante, el papel de la quimioterapia y la radioterapia aún no es claro. Un sistema de clasificación correcta y la gestión de un tratamiento más específico para el manejo del adenocarcinoma nasofaríngeo deben establecerse...


Primary Nasopharyngeal Adenocarcinoma (NAC) is an extremely rare neoplasm believed to originate from minor salivary glands which accounts for approximately 0.5% of all nasopharyngeal cancer. It has a series of clinical characteristics including an insidious onset with slow progressive symptoms, such as nasal obstruction and epistaxis that spans a period of weeks to several months. Most of these tumors are seen in middle aged patients (30-50 years of age). We report a case of a 10 year old female patient presenting with progressive nasal obstruction and rhinitis who was diagnosed with a NAC. Unfortunately no treatment strategies are established; however surgical management is the treatment of choice, with or without concomitant radiotherapy. These strategies are similar to the ones recommended for nasopharyngeal squamous carcinoma. Almost all patients benefit from surgery, nevertheless the role of chemotherapy and radiotherapy is not clear. An accurate staging system and most select management for NAC needed to be established...


Subject(s)
Child , Adenocarcinoma, Papillary , Adenocarcinoma/etiology , Adenocarcinoma/rehabilitation , General Surgery , Nasopharynx , Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms
17.
Acta cir. bras ; Acta cir. bras;28(6): 453-457, June 2013. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-675581

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE:To assess whether late introduction of a specific COX-2 inhibitor (Meloxicam) can treat and/or prevent the progression of tumors in the stomach of rats submitted to duodenogastric reflux. METHODS: Seventy five male Wistar rats, weighing 150 grams, were submitted to the induction of duodenogastric reflux through the pylorus. At 36 weeks of follow-up were established three experimental groups: DGR36 sacrificed immediately, DGR54 and DGR54MLX both sacrificed at 54th week of follow-up . The animals of the latter group were fed with a rat chow premixed with Meloxicam (2.0 mg/ kg feed; 0.3 mg / kg bw / day) and the other two with standard rat chow. The lesions found in the pyloric mucosa and gastrojejunal anastomosis were analyzed macroscopically and histologically. For statistical analysis was adjusted a generalized linear model assuming a binomial distribution with LOGIT link function. RESULTS: No significant differences were found when comparing the incidences of benign tumor lesions (Adenomatous Hyperplasia), p=0.4915, or malignant (Mucinous Adenocarcinoma), p=0.2731, among groups. CONCLUSION: Late introduction of specific COX-2 inhibitor (Meloxicam) did not treat and was not able to prevent the progression of tumoral lesions induced by duodenogastric reflux in the rat stomachs.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Adenocarcinoma/prevention & control , /administration & dosage , Duodenogastric Reflux/complications , Stomach Neoplasms/prevention & control , Thiazines/administration & dosage , Thiazoles/administration & dosage , Adenocarcinoma/drug therapy , Adenocarcinoma/etiology , Adenocarcinoma/pathology , Disease Progression , Duodenogastric Reflux/surgery , Medical Illustration , Pylorus/pathology , Random Allocation , Rats, Wistar , Stomach Neoplasms/drug therapy , Stomach Neoplasms/etiology , Stomach Neoplasms/pathology , Time Factors , Treatment Outcome
18.
Esculapio. 2013; 9 (1): 41-46
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-143132

ABSTRACT

To determine relationship between dietary pattern of Pakistani men and the odds of prostate cancer. Total of 195 cases of adenocarcinoma of prostate and 390 randomly selected controls were recruited for this retrospective study. Cases and controls were asked about their usual dietary pattern using validated food frequency questionnaire. NutriSurvey software version 2007 was used to compute amount of macro-nutrients and micro-nutrients consumption per week. Odds ratio was used as a measure of strength of association. Unconditional logistic regression was used to compute odds ratios after adjustment of known potential confounding factors and effect modifiers. Mean calories consumed per day for cases was 3720 +/- 878 and for controls was 2918 +/- 487 and this difference was statistically significant [t =11.87 at 255 df ; p<0.001]. Red meat consumption was found to be strongly associated with prostate cancer risk [adjusted OR 2.23 for once a week, OR 10.67 for twice a week, OR 11.82 for thrice a week and OR 14.53 for daily]. On the other hand, consuming chicken for once a week was rather protective [adjusted OR 0.25; 95% CI. 0.14-0.44; p<0.001]. Weekly consumption of seasonal vegetables, fruits were found to play protective role [adjusted OR 0.01; 95% CI.0.005-0.03; p<0.001]. On the other hand, fat consumption demonstrated a strong relationship with prostate cancer risk such that those consuming 80 grams and above fats per day were at higher odds 7.95 [95% CI 4.38-14.43; p<0.001]. Increased risk was also observed with calcium consumption [OR 2.03 [95% CI.1.21- 3.42; p=0.006], however, phosphorous and Iron did not demonstrate any relationship with prostate cancer odds. Pakistan, prostate, dietary pattern, risk, odds, red meat, fruits, vegetables, diary products. Consumption of increased quantities of fats, red meat and dairy products are associated with higher odds of prostate cancer in Pakistani men.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Feeding Behavior , Diet/adverse effects , Nutrition Surveys , Random Allocation , Retrospective Studies , Case-Control Studies , Adenocarcinoma/etiology
19.
Acta odontol. venez ; 50(1)2012. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-676687

ABSTRACT

La acantosis nigricans es un síndrome que afecta tanto la piel como las mucosas que se caracteriza por lesiones papilomatosas en mucosa bucal y alteraciones pigmentadas de la piel. Puede encontrarse con o sin asociación a neoplasia maligna, generalmente adenocarcinoma gástrico. Las manifestaciones bucales de este padecimiento, son más comunes cuando se encuentra asociada a neoplasia maligna y, se caracterizan por proliferaciones papilomatosas en labio, encías y lengua. El tratamiento es sintomático y al tratar la neoplasia subyacente se pueden llegar a resolver las lesiones de piel y de la boca. En el presente trabajo se describe un caso clínico asociado a adenocarcinoma de endometrio, destacando las manifestaciones bucales de la lesión de importancia para el estomatólogo de práctica general para que después de sea enviado al servicio correspondiente.


The acantosis nigricans is a syndrome that affects both the skin and the mucousas ones that are characterized by papilomatosus injuries in mucousae of the mouth and pigmented alterations of the skin. It can be with or without association to malignant neoplasia,, generally adenocarcinoma gastric. The mouth manifestations of this suffering, are more common when it is associated to malignant neoplasia and, are characterized by polilomatosus proliferations in lip, gums and tongue. The treatment is symptomatic and on having treated the neoplasia there can manage to be solved the injuries of skin and of the mouth. In the present work a clinical case is described, emphasizing the mouth manifestations of the injury of importance for the dentist for a good channeling of patiently and suitable attention.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Aged , Acanthosis Nigricans/diagnosis , Acanthosis Nigricans/etiology , Adenocarcinoma/complications , Adenocarcinoma/etiology , Papilloma/pathology , Dentistry
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