ABSTRACT
As propagandas de bebidas alcóolicas, além de serem mais frequentes do que outras mercadorias, também apresentam conteúdo que pode ter papel facilitador no uso dessa substância psicoativa, visto que, na maior parte delas, trazem ideias e sensações de prazer. Por isso, esta pesquisa consistiu na identificação e análise qualitativa de propagandas de cerveja que tiveram alguma denúncia feita ao ou pelo Conselho Nacional de Autorregulamentação Publicitária (Conar), nos últimos cinco anos (2015 a 2020), a partir do levantamento dessas denúncias no site do Conar e, posteriormente, foi realizada análise dos motivos condizentes com o código. Como resultado, constatou-se uma progressão nos alinhamentos entre as denúncias e as decisões, sendo encontrada maior dificuldade no alinhamento da infração em relação ao conteúdo das peças publici-tárias do que em questões técnicas.
Advertisements for alcoholic beverages, in addition to being more frequent than other goods, also present content that can play a role in facilitating the use of this psychoactive substance, since, in most of them, they bring ideas and sensations of pleasure. Therefore, this research consisted of the identification and qualitative analysis of beer advertisements that had any complaints made to or by the National Advertising Self-Regulation Council (Conar), in the last five years (2015 to 2020), based on the survey of these complaints on the website of Conar and, subsequently, an analysis of the reasons consistent with the code was carried out. As a result, there was a progression in the alignments between complaints and decisions, with greater difficulty being found in aligning the infraction in relation to the content of the advertising pieces than in technical issues.
Los anuncios de bebidas alcohólicas, además de ser más frecuentes que los de otros productos, también presentan contenidos que pueden desempeñar un papel a la hora de facilitar el consumo de esta sustan-cia psicoactiva, ya que, en la mayoría de ellos, aportan ideas y sensaciones de placer. Por lo tanto, esta investigación consistió en la identificación y análisis cualitativo de los anuncios de cerveza que tuvieron alguna denuncia realizada ante o por el Consejo Nacional de Autorregulación Publicitaria (Conar), en los últimos cinco años (2015 a 2020), a partir de la encuesta a estos. denuncias en el sitio web del Conar y, posteriormente, se realizó un análisis de los motivos compatibles con el código. Como resultado, hubo una progresión en los alineamientos entre denuncias y decisiones, encontrándose mayor dificultad en alinear la infracción con el contenido de las piezas publicitarias que en cuestiones técnicas.
Subject(s)
Psychotropic Drugs , Sensation , Alcohol Drinking , Consumer Behavior , Cultural Characteristics , Marketing , Products Publicity Control , Social Networking , Underage DrinkingABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Pulp stones (PS) are calcifications commonly found in the pulp tissue that may be associated with systemic diseases. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between PS and systemic diseases. METHODS: A case-control study with the inclusion of individuals from 18 to 65 years of age, of both sexes. Analysis was made of 1047 digital panoramic radiographs. The controls could not have any teeth with PS; the cases were the contrary. A questionnaire comprising demographic, habit, and general health (diabetes, problems with blood vessels, altered cholesterol level, heart attack, kidney or gallbladder stone, arthritis, or autoimmune disease, and for women, endometriosis, and ovarian cyst). Data were submitted to the Student's t-test to identify differences between groups about sex and age. The Chi-square test was applied to the cross-tabulation. The analyses were performed using SPSS®, version 25.0, with a 5% significance level. RESULTS: 490 patients participated (242 cases and 248 controls). There was no difference between groups for the sex (p=0.966) and age (p=0.186). Only "kidney stone" was associated with the case group (p=0.001), being almost three times higher when compared to the control group. No significant differences were found in females about the presence or absence of PS (p>0.05). CONCLUSÃO: In this research, it is suggested the existence of an association between kidney stones and the presence of pulp stones.
INTRODUÇÃO: Nódulos pulpares (NP) são calcificações comumente encontradas no tecido pulpar que podem estar associadas a doenças sistêmicas. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a associação entre NP e doenças sistêmicas. MÉTODOS: Estudo caso-controle com inclusão de indivíduos de 18 a 65 anos de idade, de ambos os sexos. Foram analisadas 1047 radiografias panorâmicas digitais. Os controles não poderiam ter dentes com NP; os casos foram o contrário. Foi aplicado um questionário aos participantes, contendo variáveis demográficas, de hábitos e de saúde geral (diabetes, problemas com vasos sanguíneos, nível de colesterol alterado, ataque cardíaco, cálculo renal ou biliar, artrite ou doença autoimune, e para as mulheres, endometrioses e cisto no ovário). Os dados foram submetidos ao teste t de Student para identificar diferenças entre os grupos em relação ao sexo e à idade. O teste Qui-quadrado foi aplicado para a tabulação cruzada. As análises foram realizadas no SPSS®, versão 25.0, com nível de significância de 5%. RESULTADOS: Participaram 490 pacientes (242 casos e 248 controles). Não houve diferença entre os grupos para sexo (p=0,966) e idade (p=0,186). Apenas "cálculo renal" associou-se ao grupo caso (p=0,001), sendo quase três vezes maior quando comparado ao grupo controle. Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas no sexo feminino em relação à presença ou ausência de PS (p>0,05). CONCLUSÃO: Nesta pesquisa, sugere-se a existência de uma associação entre cálculos renais e presença de Nódulos pulpares.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Young Adult , Dental Pulp Calcification , Ovarian Cysts , Arthritis , Tobacco Use Disorder , Veins , Alcohol Drinking , Gallstones , Kidney Calculi , Diabetes Mellitus , Endometriosis , Hypercholesterolemia , Myocardial InfarctionABSTRACT
Introducción: el consumo de alcohol es una práctica social compleja que desempeña un papel en la construcción y consolidación de amistades, así como en la formación de identidades de género. Este último determina los límites de los comportamientos y define lo que se considera apropiado o inapropiado en nuestra rutina diaria; por lo tanto, los patrones de consumo de alcohol no son independientes del género. Objetivo: identificar y describir la evidencia disponible sobre la influencia del género en el consumo de alcohol de los jóvenes. Materiales y método: se realizó una revisión bajo las pautas del Instituto Joanna Briggs (JBI) y los lineamientos del Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses, Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). Se analizaron artículos originales a texto completo, publicados entre 2018 y 2023 en las bases BVS, PubMed, EBSCOhost, Web of Sciences, Epistemonikos, ScienceDirect, y ProQuest, sin limitación de idioma; las categorías de búsqueda fueron "Alcohol Drinking" AND "Young Adult" AND "Gender Identity" OR "Gender role". Resultados: se identificaron 403 registros, pero solo se incluyeron 12 estudios en la síntesis. Los resultados principales de estos estudios mostraron que tanto la identidad de género como los roles de género influyen en el consumo de alcohol en adultos jóvenes. Las normas sociales de género pueden presionar a las mujeres jóvenes a mantener una imagen física y a los hombres jóvenes a mantener una imagen pública normativa. Conclusiones: las normas sociales de género influyen en los comportamientos de consumo de alcohol, por ello, es necesario tener en cuenta estas diferencias de género en las intervenciones de enfermería y estrategias de prevención.
Introdução: o consumo de bebida alcoólica é uma prática social complexa que desempenha um papel na construção e na consolidação de amizades, bem como na formação de identidades de gênero. Este último determina os limites dos comportamentos e define o que é considerado apropriado ou inapropriado em nossas rotinas diárias; portanto, os padrões de consumo de álcool não são independentes do gênero. Objetivo: identificar e descrever as evidências disponíveis sobre a influência do gênero no consumo de álcool pelos jovens. Materiais e métodos: foi realizada uma revisão de acordo com as diretrizes do Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) e dos lineamentos do Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). Foram analisados artigos originais de texto completo, publicados entre 2018 e 2023 nos bancos de dados BVS, PubMed, EBSCOhost, Web of Sciences, Epistemonikos, ScienceDirect e ProQuest, sem limitação de idioma; as categorias de pesquisa foram "alcohol drinking" AND "young adult" AND "gender identity" OR "gender role". Resultados: foram identificados 403 registros, mas apenas 12 estudos foram incluídos na síntese. Os principais resultados desses estudos mostraram que tanto a identidade de gênero quanto as funções de gênero influenciam o consumo de bebida alcoólica por jovens adultos. As normas sociais de gênero podem pressionar as mulheres jovens a manter uma imagem física e os homens jovens a manter uma imagem pública normativa. Conclusões: as normas sociais de gênero influenciam os comportamentos de consumo de álcool; portanto, essas diferenças de gênero precisam ser levadas em conta nas intervenções de enfermagem e nas estratégias de prevenção.
Introduction: Alcohol consumption is a complex social practice that plays a role in building and consolidating friendships, as well as creating gender identities. The latter determines the limits of behaviors and defines what is considered appropriate or inappropriate in our daily routine; therefore, alcohol consumption patterns are not independent of gender. Objective: To identify and describe available evidence on the influence of gender on youth alcohol consumption. Materials and method: A review was conducted under JBI and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. Original full-text articles published between 2018 and 2023 in the VHL, PubMed, EBSCOhost, Web of Sciences, Epistemonikos, ScienceDirect, and ProQuest databases, without language limitations, were analyzed. The search categories were "Alcohol Drinking" AND "Young Adult" AND "Gender Identity" OR "Gender role". Results: A total of 403 records were identified, but only 12 studies were included in the synthesis. The main results of these studies showed that both gender identity and gender roles influence alcohol consumption in young adults. Social gender norms may pressure young women to maintain a physical image and young men to maintain a normative public image. Conclusions: Social gender norms influence alcohol consumption behaviors; therefore, it is necessary to take these gender differences into account in nursing interventions and prevention strategies.
Subject(s)
Alcohol Drinking , Nursing , Gender and Health , Young Adult , Gender StudiesABSTRACT
SUMMARY: Excessive alcohol consumption adversely affects bone metabolism, thus resulting in reduced bone length, density, and strength. Moreover, these deficits in bone density and strength are likely to increase the risk of fragility fractures and the early onset of osteoporosis. While excessive alcohol consumption is an established risk factor for osteoporotic fractures, there remains a dearth of information in literature about bone effects of binge alcohol consumption in adolescents. Therefore, our study aimed to examine the effects of acute binge alcohol consumption on the adolescent bone micro-architecture and tensile strength. Twelve male Sprague Dawley rats aged 7 weeks were randomly placed in 2 groups: alcohol (n =6), receiving alcohol (3g/kg) and pair-fed control (n = 6), receiving an isocaloric equivalent of maltose dextrin via oral gavage for 3 days in one week (on alternative days). The femora were dissected and scanned using a Micro-Focus X-ray Computed Tomography (3D-µCT). Following reconstruction, trabecular morphometry was assessed in both the proximal and distal epiphysis, using a Volume Graphics Studio® software. A three-point bending test was employed to examine the effect of alcohol on the tensile strength of the bone. Results showed trabeculae parameters to be affected in the distal epiphysis of the femur, while in the proximal epiphysis it remained unaffected. Tensile strength parameters were also not affected by the consumption of alcohol. These findings may suggest that acute binge alcohol consumption has detrimental effects on the bone micro-architecture specific to the distal epiphysis.
El consumo excesivo de alcohol afecta negativamente al metabolismo óseo, lo que resulta en una reducción de la longitud, densidad y resistencia de los huesos. Además, es probable que estos déficits en la densidad y la fuerza ósea aumenten el riesgo de fracturas por fragilidad y la aparición temprana de osteoporosis. Si bien el consumo excesivo de alcohol es un factor de riesgo establecido para las fracturas osteoporóticas, existe escasa información en la literatura sobre los efectos óseos del consumo excesivo de alcohol en adolescentes. Por lo tanto, nuestro estudio tuvo como objetivo examinar los efectos del consumo excesivo de alcohol en la microarquitectura ósea y la resistencia a la tracción e n ratas adolescentes. Doce ratas macho Sprague Dawley de 7 semanas de edad se colocaron aleatoriamente en 2 grupos: alcohol (n = 6), que recibieron alcohol (3 g/kg) y control (n = 6), que recibieron un equivalente isocalórico de maltosa dextrina mediante sonda oral, durante 3 días en una semana (en días alternos). Los fémures se diseccionaron y escanearon mediante una tomografía computarizada de rayos X con microenfoque (3D-mCT). Después de la reconstrucción, se evaluó la morfometría trabecular tanto en la epífisis proximal como en la distal, utilizando un software Volume Graphics Studio®. Se empleó una prueba de flexión de tres puntos para examinar el efecto del alcohol sobre la resistencia a la tracción del hueso. Los resultados mostraron que los parámetros de las trabéculas se vieron afectados en la epífisis distal del fémur, mientras que en la epífisis proximal no se observaron afectados. Los parámetros de resistencia a la tracción tampoco se vieron afectados por el consumo de alcohol. Estos hallazgos pueden sugerir que el consumo excesivo de alcohol tiene efectos perjudiciales sobre la microarquitectura ósea específica de la epífisis distal del hueso.
Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Alcohol Drinking/adverse effects , Ethanol/toxicity , Femur/drug effects , Cancellous Bone/drug effects , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Ethanol/blood , Blood Alcohol ContentABSTRACT
Introducción. La obesidad abdominal es considerada un factor de riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular y diabetes. El consumo excesivo episódico de alcohol y la inactividad física también son factores de riesgo comportamentales asociados a enfermedades no transmisibles. Objetivo: Analizar la asociación entre la obesidad abdominal, el consumo de alcohol y la inactividad física en universitarios panameños. Materiales y métodos: Estudio transversal analítico realizado en 374 estudiantes universitarios panameños en el periodo abril diciembre de 2021. Se implementó el cuestionario para la vigilancia de factores de riesgo de enfermedades no transmisibles de la Organización Mundial de la Salud y se evaluó la circunferencia de cintura. La obesidad abdominal se estableció con una circunferencia de cintura ≥80 cm en mujeres y ≥90 cm en hombres. Se realizaron análisis descriptivos, bivariados y múltiples usando modelos de regresión logística para determinar la asociación entre las variables del estudio. Las pruebas U Mann-Whitney y Chi cuadrado fueron utilizadas para analizar diferencias por sexo. Resultados: Una tercera parte de los universitarios participantes presentaron obesidad abdominal. Las mujeres reportaron mayores niveles de inactividad física (<0,0001) y conducta sedentaria (p=0,0010) que los hombres. Después de ajustar por sexo, edad y nivel socioeconómico, la obesidad abdominal estuvo asociada con la inactividad física (OR: 1,762, IC 95%: 1,040 2,985, p=0,035) y el consumo excesivo episódico de alcohol (OR 1,114, IC: 1,015 1,223, p=0,023). Conclusiones: Los universitarios panameños que reportaron bajos niveles de actividad física y consumo excesivo episódico de alcohol tuvieron una mayor probabilidad de registrar obesidad abdominal(AU)
Introduction. Abdominal obesity is considered a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Episodic excessive consumption of alcohol and physical inactivity are behavioral risk factors associated with non-communicable diseases. Objective: To analyze the association between abdominal obesity, alcohol consumption and physical inactivity in Panamanian university students. Materials and methods: Analytical cross-sectional study conducted on 374 Panamanian university students in the period April December 2021. The questionnaire for the surveillance of risk factors for non-communicable diseases of the World Health Organization was implemented and waist circumference was evaluated. Abdominal obesity was established with a waist circumference ≥80 cm in women and ≥90 cm in men. Descriptive, bivariate, and multiple analyzes were performed using logistic regression models to determine the association between the study variables. The Mann-Whitney U and Chi square tests were used to analyze differences by sex. Results: A third of the participating university students had abdominal obesity. Women reported higher levels of physical inactivity (<0,0001) and sedentary behavior (p=0,0010) than men. After adjusting for sex, age and socioeconomic status, abdominal obesity was associated with physical inactivity (OR: 1,762, 95% CI: 1,040 2,985, p=0,035) and episodic heavy alcohol consumption (OR 1,114, CI: 1,015 1,223, p=0,023). Conclusions: Students who reported low levels of physical inactivity and binge drinking were more likely to have abdominal obesity(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Universities , Alcohol Drinking , Feeding Behavior , Obesity, Abdominal/complications , Sedentary Behavior , Socioeconomic Factors , Students , Body Mass Index , Waist Circumference , Noncommunicable Diseases , Heart Disease Risk FactorsABSTRACT
El consumo de alcohol se considera un fenómeno complejo y multifactorial que puede estudiarse a través de diversas posturas teóricas, sin embargo, algunas teorías existentes carecen de sufi-cientes elementos para explorar y comprender dicho fenómeno. Por lo anterior, se propone una Teoría de Rango Medio que aborde los factores personales, ambientales y representaciones so-ciales del consumo de alcohol en jóvenes universitarios a partir de la Teoría Cognitiva Social de Bandura y de la conceptualización de la representación social de Moscovici. Para ello, se utilizó el método de Estructura Conceptual-Teórico-Empírico propuesto por Fawcett, compuesto por cinco pasos. La teoría derivada de este método contribuye en la identificación de un fenómeno específico para la disciplina mediante la determinación de conceptos y su relación con el con-sumo de alcohol en jóvenes universitarios. Además, de la incorporación de las representaciones sociales como elemento innovador para la profundización del fenómeno. Esta propuesta puede ser considerada en futuras investigaciones para ser probada y contribuir significativamente en el desarrollo de conocimiento sobre el consumo de alcohol
Alcohol consumption is considered a complex and multifactorial phenomenon that can be studied through various theoretical positions; however, some existing theories lack sufficient elements to explore and understand this phenomenon. Therefore, a Middle Range Theory is proposed that addresses personal, environmental, and social representations of alcohol consumption in young university students based on Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory and Moscovici's conceptualiza-tion of social representation. For this, the method of Conceptual-Theoretical-Empirical Structure proposed by Fawcett was used, consisting of five steps. The theory derived from this method con-tributes to the identification of a specific phenomenon for the discipline by determining concepts and their relationship with alcohol consumption in young university students. In addition, the incorporation of social representations as an innovative element for the deepening of the phenom-enon. This proposal can be considered in future research to be tested and contribute significantly to the development of knowledge about alcohol consumption
O consumo de álcool é considerado um fenômeno complexo e multifatorial que pode ser estu-dado por meio de vários posicionamentos teóricos, porém, algumas teorias existentes carecem de elementos suficientes para explorar e compreender esse fenômeno. Assim, propõe-se uma Teoria de Médio Alcance que aborda as representações pessoais, ambientais e sociais do consu-mo de álcool em universitários com base na Teoria Social Cognitiva de Bandura e na conceitu-ação de representação social de Moscovici. Para isso, foi utilizado o método da Estrutura Con-ceitual-Teórico-Empírica proposto por Fawcett, composto por cinco etapas. A teoria derivada desse método contribui para a identificação de um fenômeno específico da disciplina ao deter-minar conceitos e sua relação com o consumo de álcool em jovens universitários. Além disso, a incorporação das representações sociais como elemento inovador para o aprofundamento do fenômeno. Essa proposta pode ser considerada em pesquisas futuras a serem testadas e contribuir significativamente para o desenvolvimento do conhecimento sobre o consumo de álcool
Subject(s)
Alcohol Drinking , Risk Factors , Adult , Protective Factors , Social RepresentationABSTRACT
Background: Professional nurses who study part-time are faced with demanding tasks, demanding routine, having to cope with their studies and family commitments. Some nurses try different tactics to cope with their demanding tasks, such as the consumption of energy drinks, to alleviate tiredness and fatigue. Although these energy drinks can alleviate fatigue and boost their energy levels, they have adverse effects to their health such as migraines, insomnia, seizures, arrhythmias and other cardiovascular complications. Aim: To determine the health effects of energy drinks among nurses studying part-time. Setting: Selected university in the Gauteng province, South Africa. Methods: Descriptive, quantitative method that was contextual in nature was used. Self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from a conveniently sampled population to determine the health effects of the use of energy drinks. Data analysis were done by means of descriptive statistics using the Statistical package for Social Sciences version 26. Results: Findings indicated that nurses studying part-time experience fatigue (n = 86; 49%). To alleviate fatigue (n = 91; 52%), they use energy drinks. Conclusion: Use of energy drinks is prevalent among the nurses because of fatigue caused by studying while working. To reduce the use of energy drinks, the participants need study leave and to be supported by their families and employers. Contribution: The study encourages reduction or prevent the use of energy drinks by nurses who work and study part-time. Participants must use time management as a coping mechanism.
Subject(s)
Alcohol DrinkingABSTRACT
Introducción: Los trastornos mentales comunes se refieren a una variedad de afecciones de salud mental no psicóticas, como la depresión, ansiedad y manifestaciones somáticas, que son reconocidas en la actualidad como un problema de salud pública debido a las repercusiones en la salud de las personas que lo padecen. Objetivo: Estimar la prevalencia de los trastornos mentales comunes en estudiantes de la carrera profesional de Enfermería de una universidad pública. Método: El enfoque de investigación fue cuantitativo, el diseño no experimental de tipo descriptivo-comparativo de corte transversal. La población estuvo conformada por 321 estudiantes y la muestra por 175 estudiantes, quienes respondieron al Self Reporting Questionnaire-SRQ 20, instrumento con adecuados niveles de validez y confiabilidad. Los datos se procesaron a través del software SPSS versión 25. Para el análisis se utilizó la estadística descriptiva y para determinar si los trastornos mentales comunes se asociaban a las variables sociodemográficas propuestas, se recurrió a la prueba no paramétrica ji cuadrado. Resultados: La prevalencia general de los trastornos mentales comunes fue del 39,4 por ciento. Asimismo, se determinó que la prevalencia se asociaba de manera significativa al sexo y al nivel de consumo de bebidas alcohólicas (p< 0,05). Conclusiones: Existe una prevalencia moderada de los trastornos mentales comunes en los estudiantes peruanos de Enfermería(AU)
Introduction: Common mental disorders refer to a variety of non-psychotic mental health conditions, such as depression, anxiety, and somatic manifestations that are currently recognized as a public health problem due to the repercussions on the health of the people who suffer from them. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of common mental disorders among Nursing students at a public university in the Peruvian Amazon. Method: The research approach was quantitative, the design, non-experimental and the type, descriptive-comparative cross-sectional. The population consisted of 321 students and the sample by 175 students who responded to the Self Reporting Questionnaire-SRQ 20, an instrument with adequate levels of validity and reliability. The data was processed through the SPSS version 25 software. For the analysis, descriptive statistics were used and to determine if the common mental disorders were associated with the proposed sociodemographic variables, the non-parametric Chi-Square test was used. Results: The overall prevalence of common mental disorders was found to be 39.4 percent. Likewise, it was determined that the prevalence was significantly associated with gender and the level of consumption of alcoholic beverages (p< 0.05). Conclusions: There is a moderate prevalence of common mental disorders in Peruvian Nursing students(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Anxiety , Somatoform Disorders , Mental Disorders/epidemiology , Alcohol Drinking/epidemiology , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Cross-Sectional Studies , Education, NursingABSTRACT
Objetivo: investigar el efecto de una intervención a distancia sobre los síntomas de ansiedad y el consumo de alcohol en usuarios del servicio de Atención Primaria de Salud. Método: estudio cuasiexperimental, realizado con 1270 participantes que respondieron al Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test y al State-Trait Anxiety Inventory 6. De estos, 1033 encuestados obtuvieron puntajes de síntomas de ansiedad moderada/grave (STAI-6 > 3) y consumo de alcohol de riesgo moderado/grave (AUDIT-C>3), y recibieron las intervenciones mediante llamada telefónica con un seguimiento de siete y 180 días. Para analizar los datos se utilizó un modelo de regresión de efectos mixtos. Resultados: el efecto de la intervención realizada fue positivo para reducir los síntomas de ansiedad entre T0 y T1 (µ=1,6 p<0,001) y para reducir el patrón de consumo de alcohol entre t1 y t3 (µ=1,57 p< 0,001). Conclusión: los resultados del seguimiento sugieren que la intervención tuvo un efecto positivo en la reducción de la ansiedad y el patrón de consumo de alcohol que tiende a mantenerse en el tiempo. Existe evidencia de que la intervención propuesta puede ser una alternativa para la atención preventiva en salud mental, en situaciones donde se comprometa la accesibilidad del usuario o del profesional.
Objective: to investigate the effect of a remote intervention on anxiety symptoms and alcohol use in users of the Primary Health Care service. Method: a quasi-experimental study conducted with 1,270 participants who answered the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-6. Of these, 1,033 interviewees scored for moderate/severe anxiety symptoms (STAI-6 > 3) and moderate/severe risk alcohol use (AUDIT-C > 3), and received the interventions via telephone calls with follow-up periods lasting seven and 180 days. For data analysis, a mixed-effects regression model was used. Results: the effect of the intervention performed was positive in reducing anxiety symptoms between T0 and T1 (µ=1.6, p<0.001) and in reducing the alcohol use pattern between T1 and T3 (µ=1.57, p<0.001) Conclusion: the follow-up results suggest a positive effect of the intervention in reducing anxiety and the alcohol use pattern, which tends to be maintained over time. There is diverse evidence that the intervention proposed can be an alternative for preventive care in mental health, in situations where accessibility of the user or the professional is compromised.
Objetivo: investigar o efeito de uma intervenção remota nos sintomas de ansiedade e no uso de álcool em usuários do serviço de Atenção Primária à Saúde. Método: estudo quase experimental, realizado com 1270 participantes que responderam o Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test e a State-Trait Anxiety Inventory 6. Desses, 1033 entrevistados pontuaram para sintomas de ansiedade moderada/severa (STAI-6>3) e uso de risco de álcool moderado/severo (AUDIT-C>3), e receberam as intervenções via chamada telefônica com follow-up de sete e 180 dias. Para análise dos dados utilizou-se um modelo de regressão de efeitos mistos. Resultados: o efeito da intervenção realizada foi positivo na redução dos sintomas de ansiedade entre T0 e T1 (µ=1,6 p<0.001) e na redução do padrão de uso de álcool entre t1 e t3 (µ=1,57 p<0.001). Conclusão: os resultados do follow-up sugerem efeito positivo da intervenção na redução da ansiedade e no padrão de uso de álcool, o qual tende a se manter ao longo do tempo. Há evidências de que a intervenção proposta pode ser uma alternativa para o cuidado preventivo em saúde mental, em situações nas quais a acessibilidade do usuário ou do profissional encontram-se comprometidas.
Subject(s)
Humans , Anxiety/psychology , Anxiety/therapy , Primary Health Care , Alcohol Drinking/prevention & control , Telenursing , COVID-19/prevention & controlABSTRACT
La dependencia del alcohol se encuentra entre los principales factores de riesgo para la salud en la mayoría de los países desarrollados y en desarrollo.El éxito terapéutico en la abstinencia modera-grave podría incrementarse con tratamiento adyuvante a las benzodiacepinas. En nuestro medio los agonistas alfa2 (clonidina y dexmedetomidina), ácido valproico y carbamazepina son los de mayor uso. El objetivo de este trabajo fue realizar la búsqueda exhaustiva, análisis crítico y resumen de la evidencia para proporcionar una visión general de la efectividad de estos fármacos cuando son utilizado sin tiempo determinado de tratamiento comparados entre sí, contra ninguna intervención, placebo u otras intervenciones. Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en bases de datos (Pubmed/MEDLINE, LILACs, EMBASE). Dos revisores seleccionaron, extrajeron los datos y evaluaron el riesgo de sesgo de los estudios incluidos de forma independiente mediante el software Covidence. Los desacuerdos fueron resueltos por consenso. Realizamos metanálisis utilizando RevMan 5. 3 y análisis de subgrupos por diseño de estudio. Se incluyeron 22 estudios donde ninguno de ellos presentó bajo riesgo de sesgo en todos los dominios, y la mayoría de los estudios presentaron al menos un dominio con alto riesgo de sesgo. Estudios con resultados estadísticamente bajos mostraron que la dexmedetomidina y el ácido valproico disminuyen los requerimientos de benzodiacepinas en pacientes que recibían placebo. Además, cuando se combinan ácido valproico con benzodiacepinas logran una disminución estable y continua de la abstinencia medido en escala CIWA-Ar. La clonidina fue la única descripta que presentaba disminución en la frecuencia cardiaca frente a placebo con alta significancia, situación clínica a tener presente frente al síndrome simpaticomimético que caracteriza al síndrome de abstinencia por alcohol.
Alcohol dependence is among the main risk factors for health in most developed and developing countries. Therapeutic success in moderate-Grave abstinence could be increased with adjuvant treatment to benzodiazepines. In our environment, agonists Alfa 2 (clonidine and dexmedetomidine), valproic acid and carbamazepine are the most used. The objective of this work was to carry out the thorough search, critical analysis and summary of the evidence to provide an overview of the effectiveness of these drugs when used without a certain time of treatment compared to each other, against any intervention, placebo or other interventions. A bibliographic search was carried out in databases (Pubmed/ Medline, Lilacs, Embase). Two reviewers selected, extracted the data and evaluated the bias risk of independently included studies using the COVIDENCE software. The disagreements were resolved by consensus. We perform meta-analysis using Revman 5. 3 and subgroup analysis by study design. 22 studies were included where none of them presented under a risk of bias in all domains, and most studies presented at least one domain with high bias risk. Studies with statistically low results showed that dexmedetomidine and valproic acid decrease the requirements of benzodiazepines in patients receiving placebo. In addition, when valproic acid is combined with benzodiazepines achieve a stable and continuous decrease in abstinence measured in CIWA-AR scale. Clonidine was the only one described that presented a decrease in heart rate against placebo with high significance, clinical situation to be in mind in front of the sympathomimetic syndrome that characterizes alcohol withdrawal syndrome