Teleenfermería en salud mental: efecto sobre los síntomas de ansiedad y el consumo de alcohol durante la pandemia de COVID-19 / Telenursing in mental health: effect on anxiety symptoms and alcohol consumption during the COVID-19 pandemic / Telenfermagem em saúde mental: efeito em sintomas de ansiedade e consumo de álcool durante a pandemia COVID-19

Objetivo: investigar el efecto de una intervención a distancia sobre los síntomas de ansiedad y el consumo de alcohol en usuarios del servicio de Atención Primaria de Salud. Método: estudio cuasiexperimental, realizado con 1270 participantes que respondieron al Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test y al State-Trait Anxiety Inventory 6. De estos, 1033 encuestados obtuvieron puntajes de síntomas de ansiedad moderada/grave (STAI-6 > 3) y consumo de alcohol de riesgo moderado/grave (AUDIT-C>3), y recibieron las intervenciones mediante llamada telefónica con un seguimiento de siete y 180 días. Para analizar los datos se utilizó un modelo de regresión de efectos mixtos. Resultados: el efecto de la intervención realizada fue positivo para reducir los síntomas de ansiedad entre T0 y T1 (µ=1,6 p<0,001) y para reducir el patrón de consumo de alcohol entre t1 y t3 (µ=1,57 p< 0,001). Conclusión: los resultados del seguimiento sugieren que la intervención tuvo un efecto positivo en la reducción de la ansiedad y el patrón de consumo de alcohol que tiende a mantenerse en el tiempo. Existe evidencia de que la intervención propuesta puede ser una alternativa para la atención preventiva en salud mental, en situaciones donde se comprometa la accesibilidad del usuario o del profesional.

Objective: to investigate the effect of a remote intervention on anxiety symptoms and alcohol use in users of the Primary Health Care service. Method: a quasi-experimental study conducted with 1,270 participants who answered the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-6. Of these, 1,033 interviewees scored for moderate/severe anxiety symptoms (STAI-6 > 3) and moderate/severe risk alcohol use (AUDIT-C > 3), and received the interventions via telephone calls with follow-up periods lasting seven and 180 days. For data analysis, a mixed-effects regression model was used. Results: the effect of the intervention performed was positive in reducing anxiety symptoms between T0 and T1 (µ=1.6, p<0.001) and in reducing the alcohol use pattern between T1 and T3 (µ=1.57, p<0.001) Conclusion: the follow-up results suggest a positive effect of the intervention in reducing anxiety and the alcohol use pattern, which tends to be maintained over time. There is diverse evidence that the intervention proposed can be an alternative for preventive care in mental health, in situations where accessibility of the user or the professional is compromised.

Objetivo: investigar o efeito de uma intervenção remota nos sintomas de ansiedade e no uso de álcool em usuários do serviço de Atenção Primária à Saúde. Método: estudo quase experimental, realizado com 1270 participantes que responderam o Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test e a State-Trait Anxiety Inventory 6. Desses, 1033 entrevistados pontuaram para sintomas de ansiedade moderada/severa (STAI-6>3) e uso de risco de álcool moderado/severo (AUDIT-C>3), e receberam as intervenções via chamada telefônica com follow-up de sete e 180 dias. Para análise dos dados utilizou-se um modelo de regressão de efeitos mistos. Resultados: o efeito da intervenção realizada foi positivo na redução dos sintomas de ansiedade entre T0 e T1 (µ=1,6 p<0.001) e na redução do padrão de uso de álcool entre t1 e t3 (µ=1,57 p<0.001). Conclusão: os resultados do follow-up sugerem efeito positivo da intervenção na redução da ansiedade e no padrão de uso de álcool, o qual tende a se manter ao longo do tempo. Há evidências de que a intervenção proposta pode ser uma alternativa para o cuidado preventivo em saúde mental, em situações nas quais a acessibilidade do usuário ou do profissional encontram-se comprometidas.

A cultura do esquenta entre as juventudes no lazer noturno: uma revisão sistemática / Pre-drinking among young during nighttime leisure: a systematic review

Este estudo tem como objetivo investigar o fenômeno do "esquenta", suas práticas, motivações e impactos, por meio da revisão da literatura. A disseminação da cultura do "esquenta" como forma de consumo recreativo de álcool durante o lazer noturno e a escassez de estudos específicos sobre a temática no Brasil motivaram o desenvolvimento desta pesquisa. Foi realizada revisão na base de dados Periódicos Capes, por meio de 10 buscas diferentes, o que resultou em um total de 995 artigos. Com base nos critérios aplicados no estudo, foram selecionados 35 artigos para compor esta pesquisa. As discussões sugerem que jovens de vários países que praticam esquenta procuram economizar recursos financeiros frente os altos preços praticados em bares e outros estabelecimentos noturnos, e compartilhar expectativas sociais e emocionais entre seus pares. No entanto, o esquenta pode acomodar o uso excessivo de álcool por uma parcela dos jovens, constituindo fatores de risco para consequências negativas durante eventos de lazer noturno, como mal-estar, vômito e desmaios, embora a literatura também aponte aspectos positivos do fenômeno em relação a prevenção para uma parte dos jovens, como beber menos quando têm alguma vivência de lazer principal na noite.

This study aims to investigate the phenomenon of pre-drinking, its practices, motivations, and impacts, through a review of existing literature. The dissemination of the pre-drinking among young adults as a form of recreational alcohol consumption during night leisure and the scarcity of specific studies on the subject in Brazil motivated the development of this research. A review was conducted in Periódicos Capes database through 10 different searches, resulting in a total of 995 articles. Based on the criteria applied in the study, 35 articles were selected to compose this research. Discussions suggest that young people from various countries who practice pre-drinking seek to save financial resources, given the high prices of alcoholic beverages in bars and other night establishments, and share social and emotional expectations among their peers. Although pre-drinking may help young people save money on expensive drinks in bars and nightclubs, it can also lead to excessive alcohol consumption and increase the risk of negative consequences during night leisure events, including feeling sick, vomiting, and blackout. However, the literature also highlights positive aspects of the phenomenon in terms of prevention for some groups of young people, such as drinking less when they have a main leisure experience at night.

Inmunoterapia para el tratamiento del cáncer de cabeza y cuello ¿dónde estamos y hacia dónde vamos? / Immunotherapy for the treatment of head and neck cancer: where are we and where are we going?

El cáncer de cabeza y cuello comprende a todos aquellos tumores que se desarrollan en el tracto aerodigestivo superior, una de las características de éstos es su diversidad, que no es solo desde el punto de vista histológico y etiológico, sino que incluyen diversas formas de presentación, progresión y enfoques terapéuticos. Son de causa multifactorial, siendo el alcohol y el tabaco los principales factores de riesgo asociados; en los últimos años se ha relacionado a ciertos virus con potencial oncogénico con la génesis tumoral, entre ellos al Virus del Papiloma Humano, lo que ha permitido modificar el sistema de estadificación tumor primario-nodos linfáticos cancerosos-metástasis (TNM); presentándolo ahora en dos grandes grupos acorde a la Proteína supresora de tumores P16: P16+ y P16-,los cuales tienen características y manejo diferente. En vista de la heterogeneidad de la enfermedad, son diversos los tratamientos que se ha empleados para el manejo de la misma, entre ellos cirugía, radioterapia, quimioterapia e/o inmunoterapia; ésta última terapéutica, está dirigida hacia la estimulación del sistema inmune del paciente con la finalidad de generar la destrucción de las células tumorales, se realizan previo a una intervención quirúrgica para reducir el tamaño del tumor. Una forma destacable, es la del bloqueo de puntos de control inmunitarios, especialmente hacia proteínas de control inmune moduladoras de respuesta de células T, como los anti-PD-1 y los anti-CTLA-4. La inmunoterapia cada vez va tomando más protagonismo en oncología, en especial las formas de evasión de las reacciones inmunitarias por parte de las células cancerígenas(AU)

Head and neck cancer includes all those tumors that develop in the upper aerodigestive tract, one of the characteristics of these is their heterogeneity, which is not only from the histological and etiological, but also include various forms of presentation, progression and therapeutic approaches.They have a multifactorial cause, with alcohol and tobacco being the main associated risk factors, however, in recent year scertain viruses with oncogenic potential have been linked to tumor genesis, including HPV, which has made it possible tomodify the TNM staging system; now presenting it in two large groups, P16+ and P16-, which have different characteristics and management. In view of the heterogeneity of the disease, there are various treatments that have been used to manageit, including surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and/ orimmunotherapy which will be determined taking into account the location and tumor extension. The latter treatment, is aimedat stimulating the patient's immune system in order to generate the destruction of tumor cells, are performed prior to a surgical intervention to reduce the size of the tumor. A remarkable therapy is that of blocking immune checkpoints, especially anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA. Immunotherapy is becoming more and more prominent, however, there is still much to discover, so we believe that we should continue investigating the ways of evasion of immune reactions by cancer cells(AU)

Estilos parentais e vinculação aos pares fazem a diferença nos motivos do consumo de álcool em jovens universitários? / ¿Los estilos parentales y el apego a los compañeros marcan la diferencia en los motivos de consumo de alcohol en jóvenes universitarios? / Do Parenting Styles and Peer Attachment Make a Difference in the Reasons for Alcohol Consumption in University Students?

A literatura suporta a importância da relação entre os jovens e as figuras parentais para um desenvolvimen-to adaptativo, nomeadamente capacidades pró-sociais e menor envolvimento em comportamentos de risco. A qualidade das relações com os pares pode também desempenhar um papel protetor no que respeita ao consumo de álcool. O objetivo deste estudo foca-se na análise do efeito dos estilos parentais e da vinculação aos pares nos motivos de consumo de álcool. Participaram 1.044 estudantes universitários de ambos os sexos com idades compreendidas entre os 18 e 25 anos (m= 19.78; dp= 1.68). De forma a recolher os dados recorreu-se a um questionário sociodemográfico, ao Parenting Styles & Dimensions Questionnaire: Short Version (psdq), ao Inventory of Peer and Parental Attachment (ippa-peer), ao Drinking Motives Questionnaire ­ Revised (dmq-r) e ao Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (audit). Os resultados apontam para um efeito preditor positivo dos estilos parentais autoritários e permissivos e da alienação aos pares face aos motivos de consumo de álcool e um efeito preditor negativo do estilo parental democrático e de uma vinculação aos pares pautada por comunicação e confiança. As mulheres apresentam maior qualidade relacional com os pares comparativa-mente com os jovens do sexo masculino. Os rapazes apre-sentam uma maior diversidade de motivos de consumo de álcool. Os resultados são discutidos considerando a relevância dos estilos parentais e qualidade das relações com os pares no desenvolvimento pessoal e as motivações dos jovens adultos, em contexto universitário, para a assunção de comportamentos de risco.

La literatura apoya la importancia de la relación entre los jóvenes y las figuras parentales para un desarrollo adaptativo, es decir, habilidades prosociales y menor involucramiento en conductas de riesgo. La calidad de las relaciones con los compañeros también puede desempeñar un papel protector con respecto al consumo de alcohol. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar el efecto de los estilos de crianza y el apego entre pares, sobre las razones para el consumo de alcohol. Participaron 1.044 estudiantes universitarios de ambos sexos con edades comprendidas entre 18 y 25 años (m= 19.78; ds= 1.68). Para la recolección de datos se utilizó un cuestionario sociodemográfico, el Parenting Styles & Dimensions Questionnaire: Short Version (psdq), el Inventory of Peer and Parental Attachment (ippa-peer), el Drinking Motives Questionnaire ­ Revised (dmq-r) y el Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (audit). Los resultados indican un efecto predictivo positivo de los estilos parentales autoritarios, permisivos y de alienación de los pares ante los motivos del consumo de alcohol, y un efecto predictivo negativo del estilo paren-tal democrático y de apego a los pares basado en la comunicación y la confianza. Las mujeres tienen más calidad relacional con sus compañeros que los hombres jóvenes. Los hombres tienen una mayor diversidad de motivos para el consumo de alcohol. Los resultados se discuten considerando la relevancia de los estilos de crianza y la calidad de las relaciones con los pares en el desarrollo personal, y las motivaciones de los jóvenes en un contexto universitario para asumir con-ductas de riesgo.

The importance of the relationship between young people and their parental figures for adaptative de-velopment has been supported by literature, namely prosocial capacities and less involvement in risk beha-viors. The quality of peer relationships may also play a protective role regarding alcohol consumption. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of parenting styles and peer attachment on the reasons for alcohol consumption. Participants were 1.044 university stu-dents of both sexes, between 18 and 25 years of age (m = 19.78; sd = 1.68). For data collection, a socio-demographic questionnaire, the Parenting Styles & Dimensions Questionnaire: Short Version (psdq), the Inventory of Peer and Parental Attachment (ippa-peer), the Drinking Motives Questionnaire ­ Revised (dmq-r), and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (audit) were used. The results reveal a positive predictive effect of negative parenting styles (authoritarian and permissive) and alienation with peers on the reasons for alcohol consumption and a negative predictive impact on democratic parenting style and peer attachment ba-sed on communication and trust. Women have a better relational quality with their peers compared to males. Men have a greater diversity of reasons for consuming alcohol. Results are discussed considering the relevance of parenting styles, the quality of peer relationships in personal development, and the motivations of young adults, in a university context, for risk-taking behavior.

Influence of alcohol and tobacco consumption on maternal and perinatal outcomes of puerperal women attended at the Brazilian National Health System / Influência do consumo de álcool e tabaco em desfechos maternos e perinatais de puérperas atendidas no Sistema Único de Saúde

Abstract Objectives: to evaluate the association between alcohol and tobacco consumption during pregnancy with maternal and child health conditions. Methods: cross-sectional study with a probabilistic sample of pregnant women living in Santa Catarina who conducted prenatal care and childbirth in the public national health service in 2019. A face-to-face survey questionnaire was applied to 3,580 pregnant women including maternal health issues during pregnancy and perinatal health of the newborn. Crude logistic regression analyzes were performed and adjusted for socio-demographic and maternal health conditions. Results: the prevalence of alcohol and tobacco consumption during pregnancy was 7.2% and 9.3%, respectively. Alcohol consumption during pregnancy increased the chance of maternal anemia by 45% (CI95%=1.09-1.91), increased the chance of gestational diabetes by 73% (CI95%=1.14-2.63) and reduced the chance of hypertension (OR=0.59; CI95%=0.37-0.94). Tobacco consumption doubled the chance of low birth weight (OR=2.16; CI95%=1.33-3.51). Conclusion: the consumption of alcoholic beverages during pregnancy increased the chance of maternal health complications, such as anemia and gestational diabetes, while tobacco increased the chance of low birth weight.

Resumo Objetivos: avaliar a associação entre o consumo de álcool e de tabaco durante a gravidez com condições de saúde maternas e da criança. Métodos: estudo transversal com amostra probabilística de gestantes residentes em Santa Catarina que realizaram o pré-natal e o parto na rede pública do estado em 2019. Foi aplicado questionário face-a-face com 3.580 gestantes incluindo questões de saúde maternas durante a gestação e saúde perinatal do recém-nascido. Foram realizadas análises de regressão logística brutas e ajustadas para condições sócio-demográficas e de saúde maternas. Resultados: as prevalências de consumo de bebidas alcoólicas e de tabaco durante a gestação foram de 7,2% e 9,3%, respectivamente. O consumo de álcool durante a gestação aumentou em 45% a chance de anemia materna (IC95%=1,09-1,91) e em 73% a de diabetes gestacional (IC95%=1,14-2,63) e reduziu a chance de hipertensão (OR=0,59; IC95%=0,37-0,94). O consumo de tabaco dobrou a chance de baixo peso gestacional ao nascer (OR=2,16; IC95%=1,33-3,51). Conclusão: o consumo de bebidas alcoólicas durante a gestação aumentou a chance de intercorrências de saúde maternas, como anemia e diabetes gestacional, enquanto o tabaco aumentou a chance de baixo peso ao nascer.

Tiros na escola: algumas referências para a psicologia na assistência à comunidade escolar / School shotting: some references for psychology in school comunity support / Tíros em la escuela: algunas referencias para la psicología em la asistencia à comunidad escolar

A atuação em situações de emergências e desastres apresentam-se como um dos grandes desafios na atuação dos profissionais da Psicologia, demandando intervenções singulares, desde o primeiro contato com as vítimas e o com entorno afetado pelo ocorrido, passando pelo trabalho interdisciplinar e interinstitucional junto aos órgãos públicos de segurança, justiça, assistência e saúde. O presente artigo tem como objetivo apresentar, por meio da experiência na assistência às vítimas na Escola Estadual Raul Brasil, as particularidades e adversidades enfrentadas durante o primeiro semestre de intervenções emergenciais que antecederam a contratação de psicólogos por parte do poder público municipal para continuidade das ações. Por meio de relatos de experiência em intervenções psicológicas, obtidos em diferentes instituições para a assistência às vítimas, este trabalho também visa apresentar alternativas que possam servir de referências para a intervenção do psicólogo e da psicóloga em situações de emergências e desastres, especialmente ocorridas na comunidade escolar. Observou-se que a realização do trabalho interdisciplinar e interinstitucional somado à participação da direção da escola no planejamento das ações e a realização de plantões psicológicos e rodas de conversa junto à comunidade escolar foram fundamentais para a assistência às vítimas do ocorrido.(AU)

Timely response to emergency and disaster situations is a major challenge for Psychology professionals and require particular interventions, from initial contact with the victims and the affected environment to interdisciplinary and interinstitutional collaboration with public security, justice, assistance and health agencies. Based on the experience of providing assistance to the victims of the State School Raul Brasil, this paper presents the adversities and specificities faced during the first semester of emergency interventions implemented before psychologists were hired by municipal officials for the continuity of care. By analyzing experience reports on psychological interventions obtained from different institutions for victim assistance, this paper proposes alternatives to be used as reference for psychological intervention in emergency and disaster situations, especially those experienced by the school community. Interdisciplinary and interinstitutional collaboration with the school board for planning actions and offering psychological services and conversation circles for the school community was fundamental to assist the victims.(AU)

La actuación en situaciones de emergencias es uno de los grandes desafíos a los profesionales de la psicología, pues demanda intervenciones singulares desde el primer contacto con las víctimas y con el contexto afectado por lo ocurrido, pasando por la interdisciplinaridad e interinstitucionalidad junto a los organismos públicos de seguridad, justicia, asistencia y salud. Este artículo tiene como objetivo presentar, por medio de la experiencia de la asistencia a las víctimas del colegio estadual Raul Brasil (en São Paulo, Brasil), las particularidades y adversidades enfrentadas durante el primer semestre de las intervenciones de emergencia que antecedieron la contratación de psicólogos por parte del municipio para continuidad de las acciones. Por medio de reportes de experiencia en intervenciones psicológicas, obtenidos en diferentes instituciones para la asistencia a las víctimas, este estudio también pretende presentar alternativas que puedan servir de referencia en la intervención de psicólogos y psicólogas en situaciones de emergencia y desastres, especialmente ocurridas en la comunidad escolar. Se verificó que la realización del trabajo interdisciplinar e interinstitucional, la participación de la dirección del colegio en la implementación de acciones y la realización de guardias psicológicas y círculos de conversación con la comunidad escolar fueron fundamentales para una asistencia a las víctimas.(AU)

Detección del consumo de alcohol en el primer nivel de atención en México durante la pandemia de COVID-19 / Detection of alcohol consumption at the first level of care in Mexico during the COVID-19 pandemic / Detecção do consumo de álcool no nível da atenção primária no México durante a pandemia de COVID-19

RESUMEN Objetivo. Medir el efecto de la pandemia de COVID-19 en la implementación de un programa de detección oportuna, intervención breve y referencia para tratamiento por consumo de alcohol en centros de salud del primer nivel de atención de la Ciudad de México. Métodos. Se recopilaron los datos en 18 centros de salud de la Ciudad de México entre 2019 y 2021, como parte de un estudio más amplio. Participaron 287 profesionales de la salud, quienes midieron el consumo de alcohol de sus pacientes con la prueba AUDIT-C. Se analizaron aspectos demográficos y patrones de consumo de los pacientes, así como las acciones de atención (detección, intervención breve, entrega de folletos, monitoreo y referencia) en tres momentos: antes de la pandemia de COVID-19, durante el confinamiento y luego del confinamiento. Se realizaron pruebas paramétricas y no paramétricas para identificar la relación y las diferencias entre las variables en los tres períodos. Resultados. Se identificaron 9 090 personas con consumo de alcohol; el porcentaje de detección del consumo tuvo fluctuaciones en los tres períodos estudiados (26%, 53% y 37%, respectivamente). El consumo de riesgo medio y alto fue más frecuente entre hombres jóvenes y con mayor escolaridad durante y después del confinamiento. En el período posconfinamiento aumentaron las acciones de monitoreo y referencia. Conclusiones. La medición del impacto de la pandemia en la implementación de un programa de detección oportuna, asesoramiento breve y referencia para el tratamiento del consumo de alcohol en centros de salud ayuda a elaborar políticas en salud por edad, género, escolaridad y tipo de consumo para el primer nivel de atención.

ABSTRACT Objective. To measure the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the implementation of a program for timely detection, brief intervention, and referral for treatment of alcohol consumption in health centers at the first level of care in Mexico City. Methods. The data were collected at 18 health centers in Mexico City between 2019 and 2021, as part of a larger study. A total of 287 participating health professionals measured their patients' alcohol consumption using the AUDIT-C test. The patients' demographic aspects and consumption patterns were analyzed, as well as care actions (detection, brief intervention, provision of leaflets, monitoring, and referral) at three points in time: before the COVID-19 pandemic, during confinement, and after confinement. Parametric and nonparametric tests were performed to identify the relationship and differences between the variables at the three points. Results. A total of 9090 people who consumed alcohol were identified; detection of consumption fluctuated in the three periods studied (26%, 53%, and 37%, respectively). Medium- and high-risk consumption was more frequent among young men with higher schooling during and after confinement. In the post-confinement period, monitoring and referral actions increased. Conclusions. Measuring the impact of the pandemic on the implementation of a program for timely detection of alcohol consumption, brief intervention, and referral for treatment in health centers helps to develop health policies by age, gender, schooling, and type of consumption at the first level of care.

RESUMO Objetivo. Medir o efeito da pandemia de COVID-19 na implementação de um programa de detecção oportuna, intervenção breve e encaminhamento para tratamento pelo consumo de álcool em centros de saúde no nível da atenção primária na Cidade do México. Métodos. Foram coletados dados em 18 centros de saúde na Cidade do México entre 2019 e 2021, como parte de um estudo mais amplo. Participaram 287 profissionais de saúde, que mediram o consumo de álcool de seus pacientes com o teste AUDIT-C. Foram analisados aspectos demográficos e o padrão de consumo dos pacientes, bem como as medidas em termos de atendimento (triagem, intervenção breve, entrega de folhetos, monitoramento e encaminhamento) em três momentos: antes da pandemia de COVID-19, durante o confinamento e após o confinamento. Foram feitos testes paramétricos e não paramétricos para identificar a relação e as diferenças entre as variáveis nos três períodos. Resultados. Foram identificadas 9.090 pessoas com consumo de álcool, sendo que a porcentagem de consumo detectada flutuou nos três períodos estudados (26%, 53% e 37%, respectivamente). O consumo de médio e alto risco foi mais prevalente entre homens jovens e com nível maior de escolaridade durante e após o confinamento. No período posterior ao confinamento, as medidas de monitoramento e encaminhamento aumentaram. Conclusões. Medir o impacto da pandemia na implementação de um programa de detecção oportuna, intervenção breve e encaminhamento para tratamento do consumo de álcool em centros de saúde ajuda na formulação de políticas de saúde por idade, gênero, escolaridade e tipo de consumo para o primeiro nível de atenção.

Caracterización clínico-epidemiológica de los pacientes sometidos a trasplante hepático por cirrosis alcohólica en el Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe de Medellín entre 2004 y 2015 / Clinical-epidemiological characterization of patients undergoing liver transplantation for alcoholic cirrhosis at the Pablo Tobón Uribe Hospital in Medellín between 2004 and 2015

Introducción. El alcohol ha sido asociado con más de 60 enfermedades diferentes y es el tercer factor de riesgo más común relacionado con muerte y discapacidad en el mundo. La enfermedad alcohólica hepática (EAH) es la causa más común de enfermedad hepática terminal (EHT) en los países occidentales. El objetivo de este estudio fue caracterizar la población adulta sometida a trasplante ortotópico hepático (TOH) indicado por EHT secundaria a EAH, en el Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe (HPTU) de Medellín entre 2004 y 2015. Metodología. Estudio observacional retrospectivo. Se revisaron las historias clínicas electrónicas de todos los pacientes trasplantados en el HPTU entre los años 2004 y 2015, sometidos a TOH indicado por EHT secundaria a EAH. Se registraron las características demográficas, comorbilidades médicas y psiquiátricas, complicaciones tempranas y tardías, recaída en el consumo de alcohol posterior al TOH, supervivencia y causa de la muerte. Resultados. Se encontraron 59 pacientes trasplantados por cirrosis de origen alcohólico. El 91,5 % fueron de sexo masculino, el 82,6 % (38/46) tuvo un período abstinencia previo al TOH mayor o igual a 6 meses, y solamente el 10,2 % (6/59) de los pacientes estuvieron vinculados a un programa de adicciones. Se encontró comorbilidad psiquiátrica en el 30 % (18/59) con predomino de depresión. Se identificó recaída pesada en el consumo de alcohol postrasplante en 6 pacientes, este subgrupo se caracterizó por una alta mortalidad (66 %), pobre adherencia a la terapia inmunosupresora y alta frecuencia de depresión (83 %). En general, la cohorte tuvo una supervivencia a 5 y 10 años de 60,8 % y 28,1 %, respectivamente. Conclusiones. Las características epidemiológicas de la población son compartidas con reportes previos en relación al predominio de sexo masculino y adultos en la sexta década de la vida. La recaída en el consumo pesado de alcohol no es la regla, sin embargo, se encuentra asociada con abandono del tratamiento inmunosupresor y muerte. En comparación con reportes de otros países, nuestras tasas de complicaciones y mortalidad a 5 años son superiores.

Introduction. Alcohol has been associated with more than 60 different diseases and is the third most common risk factor related to death and disability throughout the world. Alcoholic liver disease is the most common cause of end-stage liver disease in Western countries. The main objective of this study was to characterize adult patients with orthotopic liver transplant due to alcoholic cirrhosis at the Pablo Tobón Uribe Hospital in Medellín between 2004 to 2015. Methodology. Observational retrospective study. We reviewed clinical records of all patients with orthotopic liver transplant due to alcoholic cirrhosis at the HPTU between 2004 and 2015, and retrieved demographic data, comorbidities, complications, consumption relapse and survival. Results. We analyzed 59 patients, 91.5% were male, 82.6% had an abstinence period previous to liver transplant equal or greater to six months, 10.2% were part of an addiction program, and 30% had psychiatric morbidities, mainly depression. We identified 6 patients with heavy alcoholic relapse after transplantation, this subgroup was characterized by a high mortality (66%), poor adherence to immunosuppressive therapy and high rates of depression (83%). In general, this cohort had a 5- and 10-year survival of 60.8% and 20.1%, respectively. Conclusions. The epidemiological characteristics of the population are shared with previous reports regarding the predominance of males and adults in the sixth decade of life. Relapse into heavy alcohol consumption is not the rule, however, it is associated with discontinuation of immunosuppressive treatment and death. In comparison with other reports, we have higher complications and mortality rates at 5 five years.

Recaída en el consumo de alcohol después del trasplante de hígado por hepatopatía alcohólica / Alcohol relapse after liver transplantation for alcoholic liver disease

Introducción. La enfermedad hepática inducida por uso de alcohol se ha considerado una enferme-dad autoinfligida que limitaba el acceso al trasplante. Actualmente es una de las principales indicacio-nes de trasplante hepático en Colombia y el mundo, con excelente sobrevida. Metodología. Estudio descriptivo observacional donde se realizó una caracterización de los pacientes con trasplante hepá-tico por hepatopatía alcohólica en una institución de cuarto nivel, que incluyó un estudio cualitativo de la recaída en el consumo de alcohol postrasplante. Resultados. De 87 pacientes de una cohorte inicial de 96 pacientes trasplantados entre 2003 y 2021, se describieron características sociodemo-gráficas, comorbilidades previas y adquiridas posterior al trasplante, supervivencia del paciente y del injerto, y factores de riesgo asociados al consumo de alcohol. Adicionalmente, a 65 pacientes se les pudo realizar una entrevista estructurada para evaluar la recaída en el consumo de alcohol, 41,53 % volvieron a consumir alcohol; 23,07 % en patrón de riesgo de recaída y 18,46 % en patrón de slip (desliz). El antecedente de hepatitis alcohólica tuvo un RR de 3,273 (1,464­7,314) y p=0,007 para recaída en el consumo de alcohol, y la comorbilidad psiquiátrica un RR de 2,395 (1,002­5,722) y p=0,047. Finalmente, haber presentado al menos una recaída postrasplante tuvo un RR de 5,556 (1,499­20,588) con p=0,005 para rechazo del injerto. Conclusiones. La recaída en el consumo de alcohol fue frecuente, la hepatitis alcohólica previa y la comorbilidad psiquiátrica son factores de riesgo asociados. La recaída se asoció a rechazo del injerto sin afectar la sobrevida del paciente.

Introduction. Alcohol-induced liver disease has been considered a self-inflicted disease that limited access to transplantation. It is currently one of the main indications for liver transplantation in Colom-bia and the world, with excellent survival. Methodology. Observational descriptive study where a characterization of liver transplant patients due to alcoholic liver disease was carried out in a fourth level institution, which included a qualitative study of relapse in post-transplant alcohol consumption. Results. Of 87 patients from an initial cohort of 96 transplant patients between 2003 and 2021, sociodemographic characteristics, previous and acquired post-transplant comorbidities, patient and graft survival, and risk factors associated with alcohol consumption were described. Additionally, 65 patients were able to undergo a structured interview to assess relapse in alcohol consumption, 41.53% returned to alcohol consumption; 23.07% in risk relapse pattern, and 18.46% in slip pattern. The history of alcoholic hepatitis had a RR of 3.273 (1.464-7.314) and a p=0.007 for relapse in alcohol consumption, and psychiatric comorbidity a RR of 2.395 (1.002-5.722) and a p=0.047. Finally, having presented at least one post-transplant relapse had a RR of 5.556 (1.499-20.588) with ap=0.005 for graft rejection. Conclusions. Relapse in alcohol consumption was fre-quent, previous alcoholic hepatitis and psychiatric comorbidity were associated risk factors. Relapse was associated with graft rejection without affecting patient survival.

Impacto da solidão na qualidade de vida de universitários de Minas Gerais / The impact of solitude in the quality of life of college students in Minas Gerais / Impacto de la soledad en la calidad de vida de estudiantes universitarios de Minas Gerais

O ingresso na universidade é marcado por intensas transformações pessoais e pela necessidade de adaptação para um modelo de ensino mais autônomo. Esse cenário pode contribuir para o surgimento de sentimentos de solidão e impactar a qualidade de vida dos universitários. O presente estudo visou investigar as relações entre a solidão e a qualidade de vida em universitários de uma universidade pública do interior de Minas Gerais. Participaram da pesquisa 268 estudantes de graduação selecionados aleatoriamente. Como instrumentos, foram utilizados um questionário sociodemográfico e de hábitos de vida, o Medical Outcomes Study 36 - item Short Form (SF-36), e a Escala Brasileira de Solidão (UCLA-BR). Foram conduzidas análises descritivas e inferenciais (correlação, Kruskal-Wallis e regressão logística). O domínio da qualidade de vida com maior escore foi Capacidade Funcional e Vitalidade foi o menor. Referente à solidão, 60,82% da amostra apresentou nível mínimo. Houve associação significativa entre a solidão e seis domínios da qualidade de vida. A solidão dobrou a chance de pior qualidade de vida nos domínios: aspectos sociais (β = 2,66), limitação emocional (β = 2,18) e saúde mental (β = 2,61). Conclui-se que a solidão impacta negativamente a qualidade de vida dos universitários e que, por isso, são necessárias intervenções para essa população.(AU)

Enrollment in the university is marked by intense personal transformations and the need to adapt to a more autonomous teaching model. This scenario can contribute to the emergence of feelings of loneliness and impact the quality of life of college students. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between loneliness and quality of life in college students at a public university in the interior of the state of Minas Gerais. A total of 268 undergraduate students randomly select took part in the study. The instruments used were a sociodemographic and lifestyle questionnaire, the Medical Outcomes Study 36 - item Short Form (SF-36), and the Brazilian Loneliness Scale (UCLA-BR). Descriptive and inferential analyzes were conducted (correlation, Kruskal-Wallis, and logistic regression). The highest score in the quality of life's domain was Functional Capacity and the lowest was Vitality. Regarding loneliness, 60.82% of the sample had a minimum level. There was a significant association between loneliness and six quality of life domains. Loneliness doubled the chance of worse quality of life for the domains: social aspects (β = 2.66), emotional limitation (β = 2.18), and mental health (β = 2.61). In conclusion, loneliness negatively impacts the quality of life of university students and, therefore, interventions are required for this population.(AU)

El ingreso a la universidad está marcado por intensas transformaciones personales y la necesidad de adaptarse a un modelo de enseñanza más autónomo. Este escenario puede contribuir a la aparición de sentimientos de soledad e impactar la calidad de vida de los estudiantes universitarios. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar las relaciones entre la soledad y la calidad de vida en los estudiantes universitarios de una universidad pública del interior de Minas Gerais (Brasil). En la investigación participaron 268 estudiantes universitarios seleccionados al azar. Los instrumentos que se utilizaron fueron cuestionario de hábitos sociodemográficos y de estilo de vida, el Medical Outcomes Study 36 -item Short Form (SF-36) y la Escala de soledad brasileña (UCLA-BR). Se realizaron análisis descriptivos e inferenciales (correlación, Kruskal-Wallis y regresión logística). El dominio de la calidad de vida con la puntuación más alta fue la capacidad funcional, y el de la vitalidad fue la más baja. En cuanto a la soledad, el 60,82% de la muestra presentó nivel mínimo. Hubo una asociación significativa entre la soledad y seis dominios de calidad de vida. La soledad duplicó la posibilidad de una peor calidad de vida para los dominios: aspectos sociales (β = 2,66), limitación emocional (β = 2,18) y salud mental (β = 2,61). Se concluye que la soledad afecta negativamente la calidad de vida de los estudiantes universitarios y, por lo tanto, está prohibida para esta población.(AU)

A descriptive analysis on hypertension in adult twins in China / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To describe the distribution characteristics of hypertension among adult twins in the Chinese National Twin Registry (CNTR) and to provide clues for exploring the role of genetic and environmental factors on hypertension. Methods: A total of 69 220 (34 610 pairs) of twins aged 18 and above with hypertension information were selected from CNTR registered from 2010 to 2018. Random effect models were used to describe the population and regional distribution of hypertension in twins. To estimate the heritability, the concordance rates of hypertension were calculated and compared between monozygotic twins (MZ) and dizygotic twins (DZ). Results: The age of all participants was (34.1±12.4) years. The overall self-reported prevalence of hypertension was 3.8%(2 610/69 220). Twin pairs who were older, living in urban areas, married, overweight or obese, current smokers or ex-smokers, and current drinkers or abstainers had a higher self-reported prevalence of hypertension (P<0.05). Analysis within the same-sex twin pairs found that the concordance rate of hypertension was 43.2% in MZ and 27.0% in DZ, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.001). The heritability of hypertension was 22.1% (95%CI: 16.3%- 28.0%). Stratified by gender, age, and region, the concordance rate of hypertension in MZ was still higher than that in DZ. The heritability of hypertension was higher in female participants. Conclusions: There were differences in the distribution of hypertension among twins with different demographic and regional characteristics. It is indicated that genetic factors play a crucial role in hypertension in different genders, ages, and regions, while the magnitude of genetic effects may vary.

Early identification and influencing factors of post-traumatic stress disorder in high-stress rescue workers / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective: To explore the risk intensity and related influencing factors of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among high-stress rescue workers, and to provide effective tools for the risk assessment of PTSD in military rescue workers. Method: From June to August 2022, cluster sampling was used to select the high-stress rescue personnel of an Army department as the survey subjects. The acute Stress reaction (ASD) scale and PTSD checklist were used to evaluate the risk of PTSD in military rescue personnel. Multivariate logistic regression were used to analyze the influencing factors of PTSD. Results: The age of 4 460 subjects was (24.38±4.072) years old, including 4 396 males (98.6%). The positive rate of initial screening for ASD was 2.85% (127/4 460). The positive rate of PTSD was 0.67% (30/4 460). Multivariate logistic regression model analysis showed that female, older age, recent trauma exposure history, passive smoking and alcohol consumption were at higher risk of ASD, the values of OR (95%CI) were 4.183 (1.819-9.618), 6.278 (1.363-28.912), 3.094 (1.500-6.379), 2.059 (1.298-3.267) and 2.607 (1.614-4.211), respectively; Lower education level was associated with lower risk of ASD, OR (95%CI) was 0.593 (0.359-0.978); People who are older, thinner, have a history of mental illness, and drink alcohol were at higher risk for PTSD, the values of OR (95%CI) were 20.144 (2.459-165.043), 10.287 (2.218-47.700), 91.104 (8.592-965.980) and 2.866 (1.144-7.180), respectively. Conclusion: Gender, age, education level, passive smoking, alcohol consumption, past history of mental illness and body mass index may be related to the potential risk of PTSD in rescue workers,passive smoking, alcohol consumption, and weight controlling should be focused on to reduce potential risks of PTSD.

Relationships of habitual daily alcohol consumption with all-day and time-specific average glucose levels among non-diabetic population samples

BACKGROUND@#Alcohol consumption is a prevalent behavior that is bi-directionally related to the risk of type 2 diabetes. However, the effect of daily alcohol consumption on glucose levels in real-world situations in the general population has not been well elucidated. This study aimed to clarify the relationship between alcohol consumption and all-day and time-specific glucose levels among non-diabetic individuals.@*METHODS@#We investigated 913 non-diabetic males and females, aged 40-69 years, during 2018-2020 from four communities across Japan. The daily alcohol consumption was assessed using a self-report questionnaire. All-day and time-specific average glucose levels were estimated from the interstitial glucose concentrations measured using the Flash glucose monitoring system for a median duration of 13 days. Furthermore, we investigated the association between all-day and time-specific average glucose levels and habitual daily alcohol consumption levels, using never drinkers as the reference, and performed multiple linear regression analyses after adjusting for age, community, and other diabetes risk factors for males and females separately.@*RESULTS@#All-day average glucose levels did not vary according to alcohol consumption categories in both males and females. However, for males, the average glucose levels between 5:00 and 11:00 h and between 11:00 and 17:00 h were higher in moderate and heavy drinkers than in never drinkers, with the difference values of 4.6 and 4.7 mg/dL for moderate drinkers, and 5.7 and 6.8 mg/dL for heavy drinkers. Conversely, the average glucose levels between 17:00 and 24:00 h were lower in male moderate and heavy drinkers and female current drinkers than in never drinkers; the difference values of mean glucose levels were -5.8 for moderate drinkers, and -6.1 mg/dL for heavy drinkers in males and -2.7 mg/dL for female current drinkers.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Alcohol consumption was associated with glucose levels in a time-dependent biphasic pattern.

Establishment and behavioral evaluation of a mouse model of long-term free-choice alcohol drinking / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To establish a model of long-term free drinking mouse by feeding mice with alcohol to simulate the state of human voluntary long-term drinking, and on this basis, to further discuss the evaluation criteria of long-term free drinking mice model in sports, anxiety and cognitive behavior.@*METHODS@#Forty six-week-old SPF C57BL/6 male mouse were randomly divided into two groups: Long-term free drinking group (n=20) and normal control group (n=20). The two groups were given solid feed normally. The long-term free drinking group was free to take 10% alcohol and water every day, while the normal drinking group only took water every day. The mice were fed for 7 months, and were evaluated by a series of behavioral methods, including Rota-rod test, balance beam test, open filed test, the elevated plus maze, two-box social behavior, new object recognition, Y maze and water maze.@*RESULTS@#With the increase of drinking days, the mice showed significant alcohol addiction in the alcohol preference test. With the increase of alcohol intake, the mice in the long-term free choice drinking group had slightly shiny fur and reduced diet. Compared with the control group, the weight gain began to slow down from the third month, and the weight decreased significantly by the sixth and seventh months (P=0.006, P < 0.001). The mice showed reduced balance locomotion ability (P=0.003, P=0.001) in the rotary bar and balance beam test. In the open field and elevated cross test, the mice had obvious anxiety-like behavior (P < 0.001). The mice showed decreased social ability in the two boxes of social behavior (P < 0.016). In the experiment of new object recognition and Y maze, the exploration of new object decreased (P=0.018, P=0.040). In the water maze, cognitive functions, such as learning and spatial memory were reduced (P < 0.001).@*CONCLUSION@#The successful establishment of the long-term free drinking mouse model is more convenient for us to carry out further research on the neural mechanism of alcohol addiction, and lays an experimental foundation for exploring the neural mechanism of alcohol addiction and related new targets.

Alcohol, coronary artery disease with myocardial infraction, lifestyle medicine: A case study

@#This 63 year old, heavy drinker, previous smoker man, was physically active, a community leader and with good sleeping habits. His diet: processed foods and drinks, meat, poultry products; minimal fruits and vegetables added about a year earlier. Two weeks prior, after drinking alcohol, he experienced progressive difficulty of breathing on physical exertion, relieved by rest. The night before the incident he had a drinking spree. Early morning, he had severe shortness of breath, difficulty of breathing and chest heaviness. He was rushed to the nearby hospital, was admitted at the ICU with the diagnosis of Ischemic Heart Disease with Myocardial Infarction, and, Type 2 Diabetes. The diagnosis was sustained and the management continued upon transfer to a better-equipped hospital. Strict nutritional prescription was introduced and early ambulation started while still in the hospital. His medications were steeply tapered off while lifestyle modification intensified. His progress was extraordinary. This case exemplified the havoc of heavy alcohol drinking, and, its uneventful cold turkey abstinence; favored early ambulation post myocardial infarction, and showed the independence of each CVD risk factor. Is intensive Lifestyle Modification safe and beneficial even in morbid situations?

Burden of hemorrhagic stroke and hypertensive heart disease attributed to alcohol consumption in China / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To describe the prevalence of alcohol consumption and the burden of hemorrhagic stroke and hypertensive heart disease attributed to alcohol consumption in adults aged ≥20 years in 31 provinces in China from 2005 to 2018. Methods: Data from several national representative surveys was used to estimate provincial alcohol exposure level of adults aged ≥20 years from 2005 to 2018 by using kriging interpolation and locally weighted regression methods. Global disease burden research method and data, and China's death cause surveillance data were used to calculate the population attributable fraction (PAF) of hemorrhagic stroke and hypertensive heart disease and the deaths due to alcohol consumption in men and women aged ≥20 years in 31 provinces in China. China census data of 2010 were used to calculate the attributable standardized mortality rate. Results: In 2005 and 2018, the prevalence of alcohol consumption was 58.7% (95%CI: 57.8%-59.5%) and 58.4% (95%CI: 57.6%-59.3%), respectively, in men and 17.0% (95%CI: 16.6%-17.4%) and 18.7% (95%CI:18.1%-19.3%), respectively, in women. The daily alcohol intake was 24.6 (95%CI: 23.8-25.3) g and 27.7 (95%CI: 26.8-28.7) g, respectively, in men and 6.3 (95%CI: 6.0-6.5) g and 5.3 (95%CI: 5.0-5.6) g, respectively, in women. Alcohol exposure level was higher in the provinces in central and eastern China than in western provinces. The lowest exposure level was found in northwestern provinces. From 2005 to 2018, the PAF of hemorrhagic stroke death due to alcohol consumption increased from 5.5% to 6.8%, the attributable deaths increased from 50 200 to 59 100, while the PAF of hypertensive heart disease death due to alcohol consumption increased from 7.0% to 7.7%, the attributable deaths increased from 15 200 to 29 300. The PAF of hypertensive heart disease and hemorrhagic stroke was higher in men than in women, and in central and eastern provinces than in western provinces. In 2018, the standardized mortality rates of hemorrhagic stroke and hypertensive heart disease attributed to alcohol consumption were 4.58/100 000 and 2.11/100 000, respectively. Conclusions: The prevalence of alcohol consumption in men and daily alcohol intake of drinkers were relatively high in China, especially in eastern provinces. Alcohol exposure level was lower in women than in men. Regional measures should be taken to reduce the alcohol intakes in men and current drinkers in order to reduce the health problems caused by alcohol consumption.

Consumo de sustancias: caracterización de pacientes pertenecientes a la unidad de salud mental adultos- Hospital Hernán Henríquez Aravena / Substance use: characterization of patients belonging to the adult mental health unit - Hernán Henríquez Aravena Hospital

Introducción: las sustancias psicoactivas han formado parte de la existencia humana por miles de años, han sido empleadas con distintos fines, consolidando su uso y abuso durante los últimos años como una condición altamente prevalente en la sociedad. Actualmente, existen gran cantidad de sustancias y, así mismo, diversas formas de clasificación. En términos de prevalencia mundial hasta el momento no hay un estándar de oro que permita medir de manera exacta el consumo según cada región geográfica, lo que dificulta el estudio y constituye un desafío al momento de realizar comparaciones entre regiones. No obstante, en términos de prevalencia mundial, la sustancia más consumida es el alcohol, seguida por cannabis, opioides, anfetaminas y cocaína respectivamente. Objetivo: caracterizar pacientes adultos del policlínico de salud mental del Hospital Hernán Henríquez Aravena con diagnóstico relacionado al consumo de sustancias y establecer las principales sustancias consumidas. Materiales y Método: se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal en la población objetivo mediante revisión de fichas clínicas de pacientes adultos atendidos en policlínico de salud mental del Hospital Hernán Henríquez Aravena, durante los años 2018, 2019, 2020. Los antecedentes recolectados del estudio se analizaron según la población general y se compararon según género. Resultados: en la muestra estudiada, 73.2% de los consumidores son de sexo masculino, siendo el alcohol la sustancia de mayor consumo, seguida por cocaína, marihuana y benzodiacepinas.

Introduction: psychoactive substances have been part of the existence of humanity for thousands of years and have been used for different purposes, consolidating its use and abuse in recent years as a highly prevalent condition in our society. They are a large number of substances, and also various forms of classification. In terms of world prevalence, to date, there is no gold standard method that allows the exact measurement of substance consumption to each geographical region, which makes the study difficult and constitutes a challenge when making comparisons between regions. However, in terms of world prevalence, the most consumed substance is alcohol, followed by cannabis, opioids, amphetamines, and cocaine respectively. Objective: characterize adult patients of the mental health polyclinic of the Hernán Henríquez Aravena Hospital with a diagnosis related to substance use and establish the main substances consumed. Material and Method: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out in the target population by reviewing the clinical records of adult patients treated at the mental health polyclinic of the Hernán Henríquez Aravena Hospital, during the years 2018, 2019, and 2020. The antecedents collected from the study were analyzed according to the general population and compared according to gender. Results: In the sample studied, 73.2% of the users are male, alcohol being the substance most consumed, followed by cocaine, marijuana, and benzodiazepines

Inteligencia emocional y su relación en el consumo de alcohol en universitarios mexicanos / Emotional intelligence and its relationship in the alcohol consumption in mexican university students / Inteligência emocional e sua relação no consumo de álcool em estudantes universitários mexicanos

RESUMENObjetivo: determinar la relación entre la inteligencia emocional y la prevalencia del consumo de alcohol en jóvenes universitarios. Método: diseñodescriptivo, transversal y correlacional, muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia con una muestra de 365 estudiantes de una institución pública de educación superior en el periodo 2021-2022, en H. Matamoros, Tamaulipas, México, se utilizó estadística descriptiva y correlacional. Resultados: el género femenino fue mayor (76.7%), con un rango de edad de 18 a 24 años, donde la prevalencia de consumo de alcohol en la vida fue de 77% y la edad de primer consumo se ubicó entre 15 y 18 años (56.4%). El consumo lapsico fue en el último año 38.8%. Las dimensiones inteligencia emocional de atención de los sentimientos y reparación de emociones presentaron en ambos géneros valores similares, en su mayoría un nivel adecuado y excelente. La correlación en mujeres entre edad de consumo de alcohol y las dimensiones la inteligencia emocional, fue significativa e inversa. Conclusión:los estudiantes presentan altas prevalencias de consumo y inteligencia emocional, se encontró que para el género masculino la claridad emocional requiere estrategias que permitan mejorarla.

Objective:to determine the relationship between emotional intelligence and the prevalence of alcohol consumption in university students. Method: descriptive, cross-sectional and correlational design, non-probabilistic convenience sampling with a sample of 365 students from a public institution of higher education in the period 2021-2022, in H. Matamoros, Tamaulipas, Mexico, descriptive and correlational statistics were used. Results: the female gender was higher (76.7%), with an age range of 18 to 24 years, where the prevalence of alcohol consumption in life was 77% and the age of first consumption was between 15 and 18 years. (56.4%). The lapsique consumption was in the last year 38.8%. The emotional intelligence dimensions of attention to feelings and repair of emotions presented similar values in both genders, mostly an adequate and excellent level. The correlation in women between the age of alcohol consumption and the emotional intelligence dimensions was significant and inverse. Conclusion: the students present high prevalences of consumption and emotional intelligence, it was found that for the male gender, emotional clarity requires strategies that allow it to be improved.

Objetivo:determinar a relação entre a inteligência emocional e a prevalência do consumo de álcool em estudantes universitários. Método: desenho descritivo, transversal e correlacional, amostragem não probabilística de conveniência com 365 estudantes de uma instituição pública de ensino superior no período de 2021 a 2022, em H. Matamoros, Tamaulipas, México. Aplicou estatística descritiva e correlacional. Resultados: o sexofeminino foi maior (76,7%), com faixa etária de 18 a 24 anos, onde a prevalência de consumo de álcool na vida foi de 77% e a idade do primeiro consumo foi entre 15 e 18 anos (56,4%). O consumo lapsico foi no ano passado 38,8%. As dimensões da inteligênciaemocional de atenção aos sentimentos e reparação de emoções apresentaram valores semelhantes em ambos os sexos, na sua maioria um nível adequado e excelente. A correlação das mulheres entre a idade de consumo de álcool e as dimensões da inteligência emocional foi significativa e inversa. Conclusão: os alunos apresentam altas prevalências de consumo e inteligência emocional, e verificou-se que para o gênero masculino, a clareza emocional requer estratégias que permitam melhorá-la.

Alcohol consumption and maxillofacial fractures in times of Covid-19: a cross-sectional study in a cuban university hospital / Consumo de alcohol y fracturas maxilofaciales en tiempos de Covid-19: un estudio transversal en un hospital universitario cubano

Introduction: The consumption of alcoholic beverages reduces the body's ability to deal with dangerous situations and exposes people to trauma. Objective: To determine the association between the consumption of alcoholic beverages and the characteristics of maxillofacial fractures treated at a Cuban university hospital in the context of COVID-19. Material and Methods: An observational, analytical, and cross-sectional study was carried out in the Maxillofacial Surgery unit at the "Carlos Manuel de Céspedes" General University Hospital during the year 2020. Prevalence ratios, 95% confidence intervals and p-values were obtained using generalized linear models. Results: In 58.23% of the cases, fractures were related to the consumption of alcoholic beverages. The fundamental etiology was interpersonal violence (47.75%), regardless of the consumption of alcoholic beverages. There was a prevalence of patients with nasal fractures (n=98; 55.06%), among which, 35.71% had consumed alcoholic beverages at the time of the trauma. Being male (p=0.005), the lack of university studies (p=0.007), the need for surgical treatment (p<0.001), the fractures of the zygomaticomaxillary complex (p=0.023), and the traumas that occurred during the weekends (p<0.001) or during the month of June (p=0.029) were factors associated with a higher frequency of fractures related to the consumption of alcoholic beverages. There was a lower frequency of fractures associated with alcohol consumption during the months of January (p=0.006) and March (p=0.001). Conclusion: Six out of ten cases were under the influence of alcoholic beverages. There was a greater number of young and male patients, mainly due to interpersonal violence.

Introducción: La ingestión de bebidas alcohólicas disminuye la capacidad del organismo para enfrentar situaciones de peligro y lo predispone a sufrir traumatismos diversos. Objetivo: Determinar la asociación entre el consumo de bebidas alcohólicas y las características de las fracturas maxilofaciales atendidas en un hospital universitario cubano en el contexto de la COVID-19. Material y Métodos: Estudio observacional, analítico y transversal realizado en el servicio de Cirugía Maxilofacial del Hospital General Universitario "Carlos Manuel de Céspedes" durante el 2020. Se obtuvieron razones de prevalencia, intervalos de confianza a 95% y valores p mediante modelos lineales generalizados. Resultados: En el 58.23% de los casos las fracturas se relacionaron con la ingestión de bebidas alcohólicas. La etiología fundamental fue la violencia interpersonal (47.75%), independientemente del consumo o no de bebidas alcohólicas. Predominaron los pacientes con fracturas nasales (n=98; 55.06%), en los que el 35.71% había consumido bebidas alcohólicas en el momento del trauma. El sexo masculino (p=0.005), la carencia de estudios universitarios (p=0.007), la necesidad de tratamiento quirúrgico (p<0.001), las fracturas del complejo cigomático-maxilar (p=0.023), los traumas sucedidos durante los fines de semanas (p<0.001) o durante el mes de junio (p=0.029) fueron factores asociados a una mayor frecuencia de fracturas relacionadas con el consumo de bebidas alcohólicas. Hubo menor frecuencia de fracturas asociadas a este consumo durante los meses de enero (p=0.006) y marzo (p= 0.001). Conclusión: Seis de cada diez casos estuvieron bajo los efectos de la ingestión de bebidas alcohólicas. Existió una mayor afectación de pacientes jóvenes, masculinos, a causa principalmente de la violencia interpersonal.

Evaluación del Modelo de Predisposición Adquirida para consumo de alcohol en adolescentes / Evaluation of the Acquired Preparedness Model for Alcohol Use in Adolescents / Avaliação do Modelo de Predisposição Adquirida para o consumo de álcool em adolescentes

Durante la adolescencia se observan altas tasas de consumo elevado de alcohol. El Modelo de Predisposición Adquirida (mpa) postula que la confluencia de factores de personalidad (como la impulsividad) y factores psicosociales (como las expectativas hacia el alcohol [ea]) predice el consumo de sustancias. Algunos resultados previos respaldan el mpa para explicar el uso de alcohol en adolescentes argentinos; sin embargo, no queda claro el modo en que distintas dimensiones de impulsividad se asocian con el uso de alcohol en esta etapa del desarrollo. El objetivo de este trabajo fue examinar, en una muestra de adolescentes argentinos, el rol mediador de las ea en la relación entre cinco dimensiones de impulsividad rasgo, medidas con la escala upps-p y la frecuencia de Consumo Episódico Elevado de Alcohol (ceea). Materiales y métodos: participaron 427 adolescentes de 13 a 18 años (58 % mujeres; M edad = 15.72, de = 1.48), escolarizados en el nivel medio (91.1 % en gestión privada). Resultados: apoyando el mpa, la tendencia a actuar precipitadamente bajo estados emocionales intensos (tanto positivos como negativos) se asoció a una mayor frecuencia de ceea vía una mayor anticipación de efectos positivos del consumo de alcohol. Urgencia positiva tuvo, además, un efecto directo sobre la frecuencia de ceea. Conclusiones: esta información puede ser de utilidad para el desarrollo de intervenciones destinadas a disminuir el desarrollo o mantenimiento de las positivas y, de esta manera, reducir el consumo de alcohol en los adolescentes.

High rates of heavy alcohol use are observed among adolescents. The Acquired Preparedness Model (apm) posits that the confluence of personality factors (e.g., impulsivity) and psychosocial factors (e.g., alcohol expectancies [aes]) predicts substance use. Research supports the use of the apmto explain alcohol use in Argentinean adolescents; however, how different dimensions of impulsivity are associ-ated with alcohol use at this developmental stage is unclear. This study was designed to examine the mediational role of aes in the relationship between multiple dimensions of trait-like impulsivity using the upps-p scale and the frequency of heavy episodic drinking (hed) in Argentinean adolescents. Materials and Methods: In this study, 427 adolescents (58% were women) with a mean age of 15.72 ± 1.48 years (range, 13­18 years) were enrolled. Results: In line with the associations proposed by the apm, this study showed that the tendency to act rashly under intense negative and positive emotions was positively associated with the frequency of hed, via the anticipation of more positive effects of alcohol use. Positive urgency also had a direct effect on the frequency of hed. This information may be useful in developing interventions to reduce positive aes to decrease adolescent alcohol use.

na adolescência observam-se altas taxas de consumo de álcool. O Modelo de Predisposição Adquirida (mpa) postula que a confluência de fatores de personalidade (como a impulsividade) e fatores psicossociais (como expectativas em relação ao álcool [ea]) prediz o uso de substâncias. Alguns resul-tados anteriores corroboram o mpa para explicar o consumo de álcool em adolescentes argentinos; no entanto, não está claro como as diferentes dimensões da impulsividade estão associadas ao consumo de álcool nesta fase do desenvolvimento. O objetivo deste trabalho foi examinar, em uma amostra de adolescentes argentinos, o papel mediador da ea na relação entre cinco dimensões do traço de impul-sividade, medidas com a escala upps-p e a frequência de Consumo Episódico Elevado de Álcool (ceea). Materiais e métodos: participaram 427 adolescentes de 13 a 18 anos (58% mulheres; M idade = 15,72; dp = 1,48), matriculados no ensino médio (91,1% em escola particular). Resultados: apoiando o mpa, mostra-se que a tendência a agir precipitadamente sob estados emocionais intensos ­tanto positivos quanto negativos­ foi associada a uma maior frequência de ceea por meio de uma maior antecipação dos efeitos positivos do consumo de álcool. A urgência positiva também teve efeito direto na frequência de ceea. Conclusões: esta informação pode ser útil para o desenvolvimento de intervenções que visem reduzir o desenvolvimento ou manutenção de ea positivas e, desta forma, reduzir o consumo de álcool em adolescentes.