Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 20 de 3.047
Filter
1.
REVISA (Online) ; 12(1): 93-111, 2023.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1417284

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: explorar os mecanismos envolvidos no desencadeamento e progressão da Doença de Alzheimer (DA) de forma a embasar a sugestão da planta Uncaria Tomentosa (Wild.) como mais uma possiblidade terapêutica coadjuvante para prevenção e tratamento da DA. Método: Trata-se de uma revisão narrativa da literatura realizada com busca de artigos publicados em bases indexadas e diretamente nas revistas de interesse, utilizando-se como descritores "Uncária Tomentosa", "Doença de Alzheimer", e os respectivos termos em inglês. Resultados: com os avanços para a compreensão dos mecanismos moleculares que desencadeiam os efeitos apresentados no desenvolvimento da DA, os diversos mecanismos dos fitocompostos presentes na planta sugerem sua utilização como neuroprotetor, por mecanismos anti-inflamatórios, imunomoduladores e antioxidantes, cujas evidências em literatura são apresentadas para defesa de sua utilização nesta patologia. Conclusão: foram encontradas evidências para sugerir a inclusão da Uncaria tomentosa (Wild.) como possível terapêutica complementar no tratamento da DA. Sua utilização deve ser melhor explorada para aplicação como tratamento complementar as terapêuticas convencionais para a DA


Objective: to explore the mechanisms involved in the triggering and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in order to support the suggestion of the Uncaria Tomentosa (Wild.) plant as another adjuvant therapeutic possibility for the prevention and treatment of AD. Method: This is a narrative review of the literature conducted with a search for articles published on indexed bases and directly in the journals of interest, using as descriptors "Uncária Tomentosa", "Alzheimer's disease", and the respective terms in English. Results: with advances to understand the molecular mechanisms that trigger the effects presented in the development of AD, the various mechanisms of phytocompounds present in the plant suggest its use as neuroprotector, by anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and antioxidant mechanisms, whose evidence in the literature is presented to defend its use in this pathology. Conclusion: evidence was found to suggest the inclusion of Uncaria tomentosa (Wild.) as a possible complementary therapy in the treatment of AD. Its use should be better explored for application as a complementary treatment to conventional therapies for AD.


Objetivo: explorar los mecanismos implicados en el desencadenamiento y progresión de la enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA) con el fin de apoyar la sugerencia de la planta Uncaria Tomentosa (silvestre) como otra posibilidad terapéutica adyuvante para la prevención y tratamiento de la EA. Método: Se trata de una revisión narrativa de la literatura realizada con una búsqueda de artículos publicados en bases indexadas y directamente en las revistas de interés, utilizando como descriptores "Uncária Tomentosa", "Alzheimer's disease", y los términos respectivos en inglés. Resultados: con los avances para comprender los mecanismos moleculares que desencadenan los efectos presentados en el desarrollo de la EA, los diversos mecanismos de fitocompuestos presentes en la planta sugieren su uso como neuroprotector, por mecanismos antiinflamatorios, inmunomoduladores y antioxidantes, cuya evidencia en la literatura se presenta para defender su uso en esta patología. Conclusión: se encontró evidencia que sugiere la inclusión de Uncaria tomentosa (Silvestre) como una posible terapia complementaria en el tratamiento de la EA. Su uso debe explorarse mejor para su aplicación como tratamiento complementario a las terapias convencionales para la EA.


Subject(s)
Uncaria , Cat's Claw , Alzheimer Disease
2.
J. Health Biol. Sci. (Online) ; 10(1): 1-6, 01/jan./2022.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1366907

ABSTRACT

Objetivos: estabelecer diagnóstico diferencial das demências em ambulatório de geriatria no Distrito Federal, calculando-se sua prevalência por meio de exame clínico e avaliação multifuncional. Método: estudo longitudinal, retrospectivo, com amostra de pessoas com 60 anos ou mais residentes no Distrito Federal-Brasil, com déficit cognitivo caracterizado por Transtorno Neurocognitivo (TNC) Maior (demência), cadastradas durante os anos de 2010 a 2018. A coleta de dados foi realizada em prontuários para selecionar e avaliar o perfil do idoso com diagnóstico de TNC seguida de avaliação geriátrica ampla e avaliação multifuncional. A análise de dados foi realizada com o cálculo da prevalência, estatística descritiva e índice V de Cramer. Resultados: 158 indivíduos conseguiram concluir todas as avalições. 52,5% possuem de 80 a 89 anos, 62,5% são mulheres e 62,7% caucasianos, 50,6% viúvos e 47,5% analfabetos. A prevalência inicial de Doença de Alzheimer (DA) foi de 45,6%, reduzindo-se para 35,4% após um período de acompanhamento e a demência vascular (DV) foi de 34,2%, inicialmente, e 45,6% ao final. Utilizou-se o Coeficiente V de Cramer, em que se encontrou uma relação fraca de fatores de risco com os diagnósticos das demências apresentados. Conclusão: DV foi a mais prevalente na área estudada. Entende-se ser a maior frequência de DA esteja relacionada à avaliação superficial uma vez que esse tipo de demência é mundialmente mais frequente


Objetivos: estabelecer diagnóstico diferencial das demências em ambulatório de geriatria no Distrito Federal, calculando-se sua prevalência por meio de exame clínico e avaliação multifuncional. Método: estudo longitudinal, retrospectivo, com amostra de pessoas com 60 anos ou mais residentes no Distrito Federal-Brasil, com déficit cognitivo caracterizado por Transtorno Neurocognitivo (TNC) Maior (demência), cadastradas durante os anos de 2010 a 2018. A coleta de dados foi realizada em prontuários para selecionar e avaliar o perfil do idoso com diagnóstico de TNC seguida de avaliação geriátrica ampla e avaliação multifuncional. A análise de dados foi realizada com o cálculo da prevalência, estatística descritiva e índice V de Cramer. Resultados: 158 indivíduos conseguiram concluir todas as avalições. 52,5% possuem de 80 a 89 anos, 62,5% são mulheres e 62,7% caucasianos, 50,6% viúvos e 47,5% analfabetos. A prevalência inicial de Doença de Alzheimer (DA) foi de 45,6%, reduzindo-se para 35,4% após um período de acompanhamento e a demência vascular (DV) foi de 34,2%, inicialmente, e 45,6% ao final. Utilizou-se o Coeficiente V de Cramer, em que se encontrou uma relação fraca de fatores de risco com os diagnósticos das demências apresentados. Conclusão: DV foi a mais prevalente na área estudada. Entende-se ser a maior frequência de DA esteja relacionada à avaliação superficial uma vez que esse tipo de demência é mundialmente mais frequente


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Geriatric Assessment/methods , Dementia/diagnosis , Dementia/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Dementia, Vascular/diagnosis , Dementia, Vascular/epidemiology , Prevalence , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Longitudinal Studies , Diagnosis, Differential , Ecological Studies , Alzheimer Disease/diagnosis , Alzheimer Disease/epidemiology , Mental Status and Dementia Tests
3.
J. Health Biol. Sci. (Online) ; 10(1): 1-10, 01/jan./2022. tab, ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1411330

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: descrever a atividade de inibição da enzima acetilcolinesterase (AChE), por meio de ativos extraídos de alcaloides naturais. Metodologia: este estudo se configura como uma revisão sistemática da literatura, no período de janeiro de 2015 a setembro de 2021, nas bases de dados PUBMED, LILACS e SCIENCE DIRECT, com os descritores Acetylcholinesterase; Alzheimer; Alkaloids. As informações obtidas foram tabuladas para avaliação dos alcaloides inibidores da acetilcolinesterase. Resultados: de 563 artigos encontrados, 17 foram utilizados. Dois deles relataram a atividade de alcaloides inibidores da AChE por meio de ensaios clínicos, enquanto os demais a realizaram por testes in vitro. De 160 substâncias estudadas, 48 apresentaram atividade anticolinesterásica, as quais foram avaliadas de acordo com a sua concentração inibitória média (IC50). Discussão: a eficiência dos alcaloides como inibidores da AChE, provavelmente está relacionada com sua carga positiva no pH do organismo e sua boa biodisponibilidade, tendo como consequência uma atividade duradoura in vivo, em comparação com os medicamentos sintéticos. Conclusão: no presente estudo, foi possível observar uma grande diversidade de substâncias alcalóidicas antiAChE. Contudo, torna-se necessária a realização de mais ensaios in vivo e in vitro para a constatação efetiva da atividade dessas moléculas.


Objective: describe the activity of the enzyme Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) through natural actives extracted from alkaloids. Methodology: this study is a systematic literature review, from January 2015 to September 2021, in the PUBMED, LILACS, and SCIENCE DIRECT databases, with the descriptors Acetylcholinesterase; Alzheimer's; Alkaloids. The information obtained was tabulated for the evaluation of Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor alkaloids. Results: of 563 articles found, 17 were used. Two of them reported the activity of AChE-inhibiting Alkaloids through clinical trials, while the others performed it through in vitro tests. Of 160 substances studied, 48 showed anticholinesterase activity, which was evaluated according to their mean inhibitory concentration (IC50). Discussion: the efficiency of Alkaloids as AChE inhibitors is probably related to their positive charge on the body's pH and their good bioavailability, resulting in a long-lasting activity in vivo compared to synthetic drugs. Conclusion: in the present study, it was possible to observe a great diversity of antiAChE alkaloid substances. However, it is necessary to carry out more in vivo and in vitro tests to verify the effective activity of these molecules.


Subject(s)
Alkaloids , Alzheimer Disease , Acetylcholinesterase , Therapeutics , Cholinesterases , Neurodegenerative Diseases , PubMed , Alkalies , Synthetic Drugs
4.
Rev. AMRIGS ; 66(4): 01022105, out.-dez.2022.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1425320

ABSTRACT

Introdução: A Doença de Alzheimer (DA) é um transtorno neurodegenerativo progressivo e a demência mais frequente no mundo. Pacientes com DA podem apresentar múltiplas comorbidades e maior aporte medicamentoso, o qual pode evoluir para a polifarmácia. Analisou-se o perfil clínico-epidemiológico-medicamentoso dos pacientes com Doença de Alzheimer registrados no Serviço Municipal da Secretaria de Saúde de Tubarão/SC. Métodos: Estudo epidemiológico do tipo observacional transversal, com análise documental de prontuários dos pacientes com DA registrados em 06 Estratégias de Saúde da Família de Tubarão. Resultados: A prevalência foi do sexo feminino (74,1%), (50%) dos pacientes tinham entre 81 a 90 anos, a maioria era de etnia branca (93,1%), ausência de história familiar de demência (87,9%), mais de (60%) dos pacientes não apresentaram acompanhar a doença com especialista. Em relação ao perfil dos medicamentos, (44,16%) eram drogas do Sistema Nervoso, (15,83%) fármacos antidemenciais; o Cloridrato de Donepezila (10%), o Bromidrato de Citalopram (21,53%) e o Cloridrato de Memantina (21,53%) foram os medicamentos com maior consumo. A prática da polifarmácia ocorreu em (51,71%) dos pacientes. Conclusão: As mulheres apresentam maior expectativa de vida. Apesar da maior prevalência do uso de drogas do Sistema Nervoso, cerca de um terço destas era antidemencial e possui elevada importância para o tratamento da DA. O uso de antidepressivos condiz com as características e a evolução da DA, com a presença de sintomas psiquiátricos. Ressalta-se que mais da metade dos pacientes era praticante de polifarmácia, em que pode haver interações medicamentosas e alterações fisiológicas que poderiam ser evitadas por um bom exame clínico. Palavras-chave: Farmacologia, Demência, Envelhecimento.


Introduction: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and the most common dementia in the world. Patients with AD may have multiple comorbidities and increased medication intake, which can evolve into polypharmacy. This study analyzed the clinical, epidemiological, and medication profiles of patients with Alzheimer's disease registered in the City Health Department of Tubarão/ SC. Methods: Epidemiological study of the cross-sectional observational type with documentary analysis of medical records of patients with AD registered in 6 Family Health Strategies of Tubarão. Results: The prevalence was female (74.1%), and 50% of patients were between 81 to 90 years old. Most patients were of white ethnicity (93.1%), with an absence of dementia in the family history (87.9%), and more than 60% of patients did not present to follow up on the disease with a specialist. Concerning the profile of medications, 44.16% were drugs for the Nervous System, 15.83% were antidementia drugs, Donepezil Hydrochloride (10%), Citalopram Bromide (21.53%), and Memantine Hydrochloride (21.53%) were the drugs with the highest consumption. The practice of polypharmacy occurred in 51.71% of patients. Conclusion: Women have a higher life expectancy. Despite the higher prevalence of Nervous System drugs, about one-third of those were antidementia drugs and have high importance for AD treatment. The use of antidepressants matches the characteristics and evolution of AD with the presence of psychiatric symptoms. It is noteworthy that more than half of the patients practiced polypharmacy, in which it may occur drug interactions and physiological changes that could be avoided with a good clinical examination.


Subject(s)
Alzheimer Disease
5.
Rev. chil. neuro-psiquiatr ; 60(3): 313-324, sept. 2022. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1407820

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN: Los biomarcadores más estudiados en la demencia tipo Alzheimer (DA) son los niveles elevados de Aβ42 y de proteína Tau en líquido cefalorraquídeo. Dada la complejidad de la sintomatología cognitiva y síntomas neuropsiquiátricos (SNP) de esta patología, algunos estudios recientes proponen sustancias como las orexinas, como blanco terapéutico de DA y SNP. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo revisar publicaciones científicas recientes que hayan analizado la asociación entre orexinas, SNP y DA en humanos, algunos modelos animales y que hayan evaluado a las orexinas como posibles biomarcadores tanto para investigación como en el área clínica. En esta revisión también se describen los estudios que sugieren a las orexinas como un posible biomarcador en la DA, dada su relación con el Aβ42 y la proteína Tau, y otros estudios que las asocian con presencia de SNP, especialmente alteración del sueño. Se plantea la hipótesis de que la presencia de SNP en DA se asocia con las orexinas, debido a que este sistema influye en el funcionamiento hipotalámico y de forma indirecta en áreas cerebrales que regulan el comportamiento. Sin embargo, aún falta mayor investigación, principalmente de estudios longitudinales para conocer claramente la influencia de las orexinas en los SNP.


ABSTRACT The most studied biomarkers in Alzheimer's dementia (AD) are elevated levels of Aβ42 and Tau protein in cerebrospinal fluid. Given the complexity of the cognitive symptomatology and neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) of this pathology, some recent studies propose substances such as orexins as a therapeutic target for AD and NPS. The present work aims to review recent scientific publications that have analyzed the association between orexins, PNS and AD in humans. There are some animal models that have evaluated orexins as possible biomarkers both for research and in the clinical area. This review also describes studies that suggest orexins as possible biomarkers in AD, given their relationship with Aβ42 and Tau protein, and other studies that associate them with the presence of SNPs, especially sleep disturbance. It is hypothesized that the presence of SNPs in AD is associated with orexins, because this system influences hypothalamic functioning and indirectly in brain areas that regulate behavior. However, further research is still lacking, mainly longitudinal studies to clearly know the influence of orexins on SNPs.


Subject(s)
Humans , Biomarkers , Dementia , Neuropsychiatry , Alzheimer Disease , Orexins
6.
Av. psicol. latinoam ; 40(3): 1-16, sep.-dic. 2022.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1428033

ABSTRACT

El objetivo del estudio fue investigar las funciones ejecutivas (fe) y los trastornos neuropsiquiátricos (tn) en pacientes con enfermedad de Alzheimer (ea), en función del grado de severidad, en comparación con sujetos sin deterioro cognitivo (ssdc). Se estudia-ron 50 pacientes con ea y 60 ssdc en un estudio no experimental-transversal con un muestreo no probabilístico basado en una serie de criterios de inclusión. Se aplicó la batería de evaluación frontal y el inventario neuropsiquiátrico, y los resultados mostraron que existe una relación negativa de intensidad moderada entre las fe y lostn, con independencia del grado de severidad de la ea. Se puede concluir que, en fase leve, la euforia se relaciona tanto con la sensibilidad hacia la interferencia como con el control inhibitorio; en fase moderada, la irritabilidad se relaciona de manera positiva con la sensibilidad hacia la interferencia, y en la fase moderadamente grave, la programación motora se relaciona de manera negativa con la agitación.


The aim of the study was to investigate executive func-tions (ef) and neuropsychiatric disorders (nd) in pa-tients with Alzheimer's disease (ad) according to the degree of severity, compared to subjects without cognitive impairment (swci). Fifty patients with ad and 60 swci were studied in a non-experimental-cross-sectional study with non-probabilistic sampling based on a series of inclusion criteria. The frontal evaluation battery and the neuropsychiatric inventory were applied and the results showed that there is a negative relationship of moderate intensity between ef and nd, regardless of the degree of severity of ad. It can be concluded that, in the mild phase, euphoria is related both to sensitivity towards interference and to inhibitory control; in moderate phase irritability is positively related to sensitivity towards interference; and in the moderately severe phase, motor programming is nega-tively related to agitation.


O objetivo do estudo foi investigar as funções executivas (fe) e os transtornos neuropsiquiátricos (tn) em pacien-tes com doença de Alzheimer (da) de acordo com o estágio de gravidade, em comparação com sujeitos sem comprometimento cognitivo (sscc). Foram avaliados 50 pacientes com da e 60 sscc em um estudo transversal não experimental com amostragem não probabilística baseada em uma série de critérios de inclusão. A bateria de avaliação frontal e o inventário neuropsiquiátrico foram aplicados e os resultados mostraram que existe uma relação negativa de intensidade moderada entre a fe e os tn, independente do estágio de gravidade da da. Pode-se concluir que, na fase leve, a euforia está rela-cionada tanto à sensibilidade à interferência quanto ao controle inibitório; na fase moderada, a irritabilidade está positivamente relacionada à sensibilidade à inter-ferência e; na fase moderadamente grave, a programação motora está negativamente relacionada à agitação.


Subject(s)
Humans , Patients , Training Support , Disease , Sensitivity and Specificity , Alzheimer Disease , Cognitive Dysfunction
7.
Vitae (Medellín) ; 29(3): 1-6, 2022-08-18. Ilustraciones
Article in English | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1399367

ABSTRACT

Background: Pternandra galeata belongs to the family Melastomataceae. It is a native flowering plant in Borneo Island that serve as food for monkey habitat. There has been limited study on the medicinal and chemical properties of this plant. Objectives: We investigated the acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity and evaluated the antioxidant activity of the ethanolic extract of Pternandra galeata stem. The total phenolic content in the sample was also determined. Methods: The acetylcholinesterase inhibitory assays were performed using Ellman's method. Two different methods were used to evaluate the antioxidant activity of the extract by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assays. The total phenolic content was determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method by employing gallic acid as a reference. Results: The ethanolic extract of the P. galeata stems inhibited the AChE enzyme with an IC50 value of 74.62 ± 0.89 µg/mL.The sample exhibited antioxidant activity in the DPPH assay with an IC50 value of 20.21 ± 0.08 µg/mL and 7.68 ± 0.09 µg/mL in the ABTS scavenging assay. The total phenolic content was 164.71 ± 3.33 mg GAE/g extract. Conclusion: The ethanolic extract of the P. galeata stem can be a promising cholinesterase inhibitor and antioxidant for treating Alzheimer's disease


Antecedentes: Pternandra galeata pertenece a la familia Melastomataceae. Se trata de una planta con flores nativa de la isla de Borneo que sirve de alimento para el hábitat de los monos. Se han realizado pocos estudios sobre las propiedades medicinales y químicas de esta planta. Objetivos: Se investigó la actividad inhibidora de la acetilcolinesterasa y se evaluó la actividad antioxidante del extracto etanólico del tallo de Pternandra galeata. También se determinó el contenido fenólico total de la muestra. Métodos: Los ensayos de inhibición de la acetilcolinesterasa (AChE) se realizaron mediante el método de Ellman. Se utilizaron dos métodos diferentes para evaluar la actividad antioxidante de los ensayos de 2,2-difenil-1-picril hidrazilo (DPPH) y 2,2'-azinobis-(ácido 3-etilbenzotiazolina-6-sulfónico) (ABTS). El contenido fenólico total se determinó por el método de Folin-Ciocalteu empleando el ácido gálico como referencia. Resultados: El extracto etanólico de los tallos de P. galeata inhibió la enzima AChE con un valor IC50 de 74.62 ± 0.89 µg/mL. La muestra mostró actividad antioxidante en el ensayo DPPH con un valor IC50 de 20.21 ± 0.08 µg/mL y 7.68 ± 0.09 µg/mL en el ensayo de barrido ABTS. El contenido fenólico total fue de 164.71 ± 3.33 mg GAE/g de extracto. Conclusión: El extracto etanólico del tallo de P. galeata puede ser un prometedor inhibidor de la colinesterasa y antioxidante para el tratamiento de la enfermedad de Alzheimer.


Subject(s)
Humans , Alzheimer Disease , Cholinesterase Inhibitors , Phenolic Compounds , Antioxidants
8.
Säo Paulo med. j ; 140(3): 422-429, May-June 2022. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1377396

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Falls among older people have a negative impact on health and therefore constitute a public health problem. Cognitive decline can also accompany the aging process, and both conditions lead to significant increases in morbidity and mortality in this population. Objective: To analyze the cognitive performance of older people, classified as non-fallers, sporadic fallers and recurrent fallers, and investigate the relationship between falls and cognition. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study conducted in the interior of the state of São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: Evaluations on 230 older people were conducted. They were divided into three groups: non-fallers, sporadic fallers (one fall) and recurrent fallers (two or more falls). The Mini-Mental State Examination, Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD), Brief Cognitive Screening Battery (BCSB), Cambridge Examination for Mental Disorders of the Elderly (CAMDEX) similarities subtest and digit span test were applied. RESULTS: In multinomial logistic regression, being a recurrent faller was significantly associated with lower scores in the CERAD word list (odds ratio, OR = 0.92; 95% confidence interval, CI, 0.86-0.98; P = 0.01), in CERAD constructive praxis (OR = 0.88; 95% CI, 0.79-0.98; P = 0.02), in BCSB figure list memory (OR = 0.94; 95% CI, 0.89-0.99; P = 0.02) and in verbal fluency (OR = 0.89; 95% CI, 0.81-0.97; P = 0.01). Recurrent fallers also had lower scores in these same tests, compared with sporadic fallers. CONCLUSION: Cognitive impairment, especially in the domains of memory and executive functioning, can influence occurrences of recurrent falls.


Subject(s)
Humans , Aged , Accidental Falls , Alzheimer Disease , Brazil/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Risk Factors , Cognition , Independent Living
9.
Rev. chil. ter. ocup ; 23(1): 27-35, jun. 2022. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1398783

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Los procesos de atención a personas mayores han presentado cambios debido al confinamiento sanitario causado por el COVID-19, por esta razón la telerehabilitación se impulsa como una estrategia para continuar los procesos de rehabilitación cognitiva a personas mayores. Objetivo: evaluar la percepción de la calidad de vida de personas mayores con deterioro cognitivo que se encuentran en telerehabilitación, comparado con la calidad de vida de personas mayores con deterioro cognitivo sin telerehabilitación. Método: se realizó un estudio descriptivo para identificar los cambios en la calidad de vida de personas mayores con procesos de telerehabilitación. Se emplearon los instrumentos Quality of Life in Alzheimer's Disease y la escala GENCAT. Resultados: el estudio descriptivo mostró cambios favorables en la calidad de vida de las personas mayores que estuvieron en el proceso de telerehabilitación, mientras que el grupo control presentó cambios negativos. Conclusiones: este estudio permite evidenciar los cambios en la calidad de vida de personas mayores con deterioro cognitivo que participa en un proceso de telerehabilitación durante el confinamiento sanitario. Estos cambios favorables se presentaron en las dimensiones de bienestar emocional, bienestar material, inclusión social y derechos.


Introduction: the processes of care for elderly have presented changes, due to the sanitary confinement caused by COVID-19 pandemic. For this reason, telerehabilitation is promoted as a strategy to continue the processes of cognitive rehabilitation for the elderly. Aim: To evaluate quality of life perceptions among older people with cognitive impairment, who received telerehabilitation, compared with quality of life of older people with cognitive impairment without Telerehabilitation. Method: a descriptive study to identify changes in quality of life of older people receiving tele-rehabilitation processes. Assessment instruments used were: Quality of Life in Alzheimer's Disease and the GENCAT scale. Results: this descriptive study showed favorable changes in quality of life of the elderly who were in the telerehabilitation process, while the control group presented negative changes. Conclusions: this study offers evidence on the changes in the quality of life for elderly people with cognitive impairment who participate in a telerehabilitation process during sanitary confinement. These favorable changes occurred in the dimensions of emotional well-being, material well-being, social inclusion and rights.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Quality of Life , Occupational Therapy , Cognitive Dysfunction/rehabilitation , Telerehabilitation , Pilot Projects , Alzheimer Disease
10.
Rev. habanera cienc. méd ; 21(3): e4702, mayo.-jun. 2022.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1409478

ABSTRACT

Introducción: En el mundo, 55 millones de personas viven con demencia. Se estima que este número se incrementará a 82 millones en 2030 y 152 millones en 2050, a menos que se implementen intervenciones que permitan su prevención, retardar su comienzo, enlentecer o detener su progresión. Objetivo: Actualizar sobre los cambios recientes en la epidemiologia, diagnóstico y tratamiento de la enfermedad de Alzheimer. Material y Métodos: Revisión de la literatura sobre el tema, publicada entre el 1 de enero de 2010 y el 30 de diciembre de 2021, que incluyó las bases de datos (PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Lilacs, SciELO y Cochrane CENTRAL, utilizando los términos "Alzheimer", OR "demencia", OR "deterioro cognitivo". Desarrollo: Los gobiernos deben prepararse para un tsunami de demanda de servicios de salud como resultado del envejecimiento de la población mundial, la mejora de los diagnósticos, incluidos los biomarcadores y los tratamientos farmacológicos emergentes. La detección oportuna del deterioro cognitivo, el diagnóstico causal y el manejo adecuado de la entidad nosológica es crucial. Conclusiones: Los sistemas de salud a nivel mundial deberían introducir evaluaciones de la función cognitiva para las personas mayores de 55 años, facilitados por la evolución en la ciencia de los biomarcadores, con la oportunidad de promover estrategias de reducción de riesgos. La existencia de factores de riesgo potencialmente modificables significa que la prevención de la demencia es posible mediante una estrategia de salud pública, con intervenciones claves que retrasen o desaceleren el comienzo del deterioro cognitivo y la demencia(AU)


Introduction: Worldwide, nearly 55 million people are living with dementia. It is estimated that this number will reach nearly 82 million in 2030 and over 152 million in 2050, unless the risk factors are identified and interventions are implemented to prevent, delay the onset, and slow or stop its progression. Objective: To provide an update on recent changes in the epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Material and Methods: Bibliographic review of the literature on this subject published between January 1, 2012 and December 30, 2021 in PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE Lilacs, SciELO and Cochrane CENTRAL databases, using the terms " Alzheimer", OR "dementia", OR "cognitive impairment". Results: The governments must prepare for a tsunami of demands for health services as a result of the world population aging and improve the diagnoses, including biomarkers and emerging pharmacological treatments. The timely detection of cognitive impairment, and the causal diagnosis and proper management of the nosological entity is crucial. Conclusions: The health systems should introduce annual neurocognitive assessments on a global level for people over 55 years of age, facilitated by the development of biomarker science, with the opportunity to promote risk reduction strategies. The existence of potentially modifiable risk factors means that dementia can be prevented through the implementation of a public health strategy with key interventions that delay or slow down the onset of cognitive impairment and dementia(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Aging , Population Dynamics , Public Health , Risk Reduction Behavior , Alzheimer Disease , Risk Factors
11.
Biomédica (Bogotá) ; 42(supl.1): 116-129, mayo 2022. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1394000

ABSTRACT

Introducción. La enfermedad de Alzheimer constituye un problema de salud pública que tiende a agravarse en el tiempo. Entre los factores genéticos de predisposición más importantes, se encuentra la presencia del alelo ε4 del gen APOE que codifica para la apoproteína E. Objetivo. Determinar las frecuencias alélicas y genotípicas de las isoformas de APOE en adultos mayores de 60 años con memoria cognitiva disminuida y Alzheimer, en la gran Caracas y en la comunidad indígena pemón de la zona Kamarata-Kanaimö, Estado Bolívar. Materiales y métodos. Se estudiaron 267 pacientes: 96 controles, 40 con memoria cognitiva disminuida y 108 con Alzheimer procedentes de Caracas, y 23 individuos de Kamarata-Kanaimö. Las isoformas de APOE se determinaron con el estuche AP1210Z: Seeplex ApoE genotyping™. Resultados. El alelo ε4 mostró asociación significativa con la memoria cognitiva disminuida (OR=5,03; IC95% 0,98-25,70) y la enfermedad de Alzheimer (OR=5,78; IC95% 1,24-26,85). Las frecuencias genotípicas de los grupos de control y con memoria cognitiva disminuida, fueron:ε3/ε3> ε3/ε4> ε2/ε4> ε3/ε2> ε4/ε4, y las del grupo con Alzheimer: ε3/ε3> ε3/ε4> ε4/ε4> ε2/ε4> ε3/ε2. En Kamarata-Kanaimö, el orden fue ε3/ε3> ε3/ε4> ε4/ε4 y no se encontró el alelo ε2. Conclusiones. Las frecuencias alélicas y genotípicas de APOE en la muestra tuvieron una distribución similar a la de otros estudios en Venezuela y las Américas. La ausencia del alelo ε2 en la comunidad indígena de Kamarata-Kanaimö amerita mayor investigación. Se constató la asociación positiva del alelo ε4 en personas con la enfermedad de Alzheimer y con memoria cognitiva disminuida. Conocer precozmente los pacientes portadores de este alelo puede ayudar a establecer medidas preventivas en nuestra población.


Introduction: Alzheimer's disease represents a serious public health problem that tends to worsen over time. Among the most important genetic predisposing factors is the presence of the ε4 allele of the apoprotein E gene (APOE). Objective: To determine the allelic and genotypic frequencies of the APOE isoforms in adults over 60 years old with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease in Gran Caracas and in the indigenous Pemón community of the Kamarata-Kanaimö area, Bolívar State. Materials and methods: We studied 267 patients: 96 controls, 40 with mild cognitive impairment, 108 with Alzheimer's from Caracas, and 23 individuals from Kamarata-Kanaimö. The APOE isoforms were determined with the AP1210Z: Seeplex® ApoE Genotyping kit. Results: The allele ε4 showed a significant association with mild cognitive impairment (OR=5.03; 95% CI: 0.98-25.70) and EA (OR=5.78; 95% CI: 1.24-26.85). The genotype frequencies for the control and mild cognitive impairment groups were ε3/ε3> ε3/ε4> ε2/ε4> ε3/ε2> ε4/ε4, and for the Alzheimer's group, ε3/ε3> ε3/ε4> ε4/ε4> ε2/ε4> ε3/ε2 In Kamarata-Kanaimö, the order was ε3/ε3> ε3/ε4> ε4/ε4; the allele ε2 was not found in this group. Conclusions:APOE allelic and genotypic frequencies in our sample showed a similar distribution to those found in other studies in Venezuela and the Americas. The absence of the ε2 allele in the indigenous community of Kamarata-Kanaimö warrants further investigation. The positive association of the ε4 allele with both Alzheimer's and mild cognitive impairment was reinforced. The early determination of the ε4 allele carriers can help establish preventive measures in our population.


Subject(s)
Apolipoprotein E4 , Alzheimer Disease , Venezuela , Dementia , Cognitive Dysfunction
12.
Odovtos (En línea) ; 24(1)abr. 2022.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS, SaludCR | ID: biblio-1386576

ABSTRACT

Abstract Periodontitis is a low-grade inflammatory disease caused by a subgingival dysbiotic microbiota. Multiple studies have determined the higher prevalence of tooth loss and poor oral hygiene in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the periodontal diagnosis, periodontal bacteria or mediators has not been measured to date. Aim: To determine the periodontal status, the pro-inflammatory mediators, Porphyromonas gingivalis load, and Apoliporpotein E (ApoE) in patients with AD. A complete dental examination was performed on 30 patients, and cognitive status was determined by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Subgingival microbiota and GCF samples were then taken from all patients from the deepest sites. Total DNA was isolated from the microbiota samples for the quantification of the 16S ribosomal subunit. Pro-inflammatory mediators and ApoE were quantified from the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). Patients with AD had periodontitis stage III-IV in 80%, a higher concentration of pro-inflammatory and ApoE mediators, and a higher P. gingivalis load compared to healthy subjects. The pro-inflammatory mediators, P. gingivalis load had a negative correlation with the MoCA test scores. Finally, a ROC curve was performed to assess the specificity and sensitivity of ApoE levels, detecting an area of 84.9%. In AD patients, we found a more severe periodontitis, a higher levels of pro-inflammatory mediators, and higher bacterial load. In addition, there is an increase in ApoE that allows to clearly determine patients with health, periodontitis and periodontitis and AD.


Resumen La periodontitis es una enfermedad crónica no transmisible que se caracteriza por generar una inflamación sistémica de bajo grado causada por una microbiota disbiótica subgingival. Múltiples estudios han determinado la mayor prevalencia de pérdida de dientes y mala higiene bucal en pacientes con enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA). Sin embargo, el diagnóstico periodontal, bacterias periodontales o mediadores pro-inflamatorio no se ha medido hasta la fecha. Determinar el estado periodontal, los mediadores pro-inflamatorios, la carga de Porphyromonas gingivalis y la apoliporpoteína E (ApoE) en pacientes con EA. Se realizó un examen odontológico completo en 30 pacientes y el estado cognitivo se determinó mediante la Evaluación Cognitiva de Montreal (MoCA). Luego, se tomaron muestras de microbiota subgingival y FCG de todos los pacientes de los sitios más profundos. Se aisló el DNA total de las muestras de microbiota para la cuantificación de la subunidad ribosómica 16S. Los mediadores pro-inflamatorios y la ApoE se cuantificaron a partir del líquido crevicular gingival (GCF). Los pacientes con EA tenían periodontitis en estadio III-IV en 80%, una mayor concentración de mediadores pro-inflamatorios y ApoE, y una mayor carga de P. gingivalis en comparación con los sujetos sanos. Los mediadores pro-inflamatorios y la carga de P. gingivalis tuvieron una correlación negativa con las puntuaciones de la prueba MoCA. Finalmente, se realizó una curva ROC para evaluar la especificidad y sensibilidad de los niveles de ApoE, detectando un área del 84,9%. En los pacientes con EA encontramos una periodontitis más severa, mayores niveles de mediadores pro-inflamatorios y mayor carga bacteriana. Además, un aumento de ApoE que permite determinar claramente a los pacientes con salud, periodontitis y periodontitis y EA.


Subject(s)
Humans , Biomarkers/analysis , Gingival Crevicular Fluid , Alzheimer Disease , Chronic Periodontitis
13.
Bol. latinoam. Caribe plantas med. aromát ; 21(2): 131-155, mar. 2022. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1393364

ABSTRACT

Bacopa monnieri(L.) Wettst. (Plantaginaceae), also known as Brahmi, has been used to improve cognitive processes and intellectual functions that are related to the preservation of memory. The objective of this research is to review the ethnobotanical applications, phytochemical composition, toxicity and activity of B. monnieri in the central nervous system. It reviewed articles on B. monnieri using Google Scholar, SciELO, Science Direct, Lilacs, Medline, and PubMed. Saponins are the main compounds in extracts of B. monnieri. Pharmacological studies showed that B. monnieri improves learning and memory and presents biological effects against Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, and schizophrenia. No preclinical acute toxicity was reported. However, gastrointestinal side effects were reported in some healthy elderly individuals. Most studies with B. monnieri have been preclinical evaluations of cellular mechanisms in the central nervous system and further translational clinical research needs to be performed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the plant.


Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst. (Plantaginaceae), también conocida como Brahmi, se ha utilizado para mejorar los procesos cognitivos y las funciones intelectuales que están relacionadas con la preservación de la memoria. El objetivo de esta investigación es revisar las aplicaciones etnobotánicas, composición fitoquímica, toxicidad y actividad de B. monnieri en el sistema nervioso central. Se revisaron artículos sobre B. monnieri utilizando Google Scholar, SciELO, Science Direct, Lilacs, Medline y PubMed. Las saponinas son los principales compuestos de los extractos de B. monnieri. Los estudios farmacológicos mostraron que B. monnieri mejora el aprendizaje y la memoria y presenta efectos biológicos contra la enfermedad de Alzheimer, la enfermedad de Parkinson, la epilepsia y la esquizofrenia. No se informó toxicidad aguda preclínica. Sin embargo, se informaron efectos secundarios gastrointestinales en algunos ancianos sanos. La mayoría de los estudios con B. monnieri han sido evaluaciones preclínicas de los mecanismos celulares en el sistema nervioso central y es necesario realizar más investigaciones clínicas traslacionales para evaluar la seguridad y eficacia de la planta.


Subject(s)
Humans , Plant Extracts/administration & dosage , Central Nervous System Diseases/drug therapy , Bacopa/chemistry , Parkinson Disease/drug therapy , Saponins/analysis , Schizophrenia/drug therapy , Triterpenes/analysis , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Central Nervous System/drug effects , Cognition/drug effects , Epilepsy/drug therapy , Alzheimer Disease/drug therapy , Phytochemicals
14.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 80(1): 23-29, Jan. 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1360138

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Background: Validation of cognitive instruments for detection of Alzheimer's disease (AD) based on correlation with diagnostic biomarkers allows more reliable identification of the disease. Objectives: To investigate the accuracy of the Brief Cognitive Screening Battery (BCSB) in the differential diagnosis between AD, non-AD cognitive impairment (both defined by cerebrospinal fluid [CSF] biomarkers) and healthy cognition, and to correlate CSF biomarker results with cognitive performance. Methods: Overall, 117 individuals were evaluated: 45 patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or mild dementia within the AD continuum defined by the AT(N) classification [A+T+/-(N)+/]; 27 non-AD patients with MCI or mild dementia [A-T+/-(N)+/-]; and 45 cognitively healthy individuals without CSF biomarker results. All participants underwent evaluation using the BCSB. Results: The total BCSB and delayed recall (DR) scores of the BCSB memory test showed high diagnostic accuracy, as indicated by areas under the ROC curve (AUC): 0.89 and 0.87, respectively, for discrimination between AD and non-AD versus cognitively healthy controls. Similarly, total BCSB and DR displayed high accuracy (AUC-ROC curves of 0.89 and 0.91, respectively) for differentiation between AD and controls. BCSB tests displayed low accuracy for differentiation between AD and non-AD. The CSF levels of biomarkers correlated significantly, though weakly, with DR. Conclusions: Total BCSB and DR scores presented good accuracy for differentiation between patients with a biological AD diagnosis and cognitively healthy individuals, but low accuracy for differentiating AD from non-AD patients.


RESUMO Antecedentes: A validação de testes cognitivos para identificação da doença de Alzheimer (DA) definida por biomarcadores aumenta a confiabilidade diagnóstica. Objetivos: Investigar a acurácia da Bateria Breve de Rastreio Cognitivo (BBRC) no diagnóstico diferencial entre DA, comprometimento cognitivo não-DA (ambos diagnósticos definidos por biomarcadores no líquido cefalorraquidiano-LCR) e indivíduos cognitivamente saudáveis, e investigar correlações entre desempenho nos testes e concentrações dos biomarcadores no LCR. Métodos: No total, 117 indivíduos foram avaliados. Quarenta e cinco pacientes com comprometimento cognitivo leve (CCL) ou demência leve com diagnóstico do continuum de DA definido pela classificação AT(N) [A+T+/-(N)+/-], 27 pacientes com CCL ou demência leve não-DA [A-T+/-(N)+/-], e 45 controles cognitivamente saudáveis sem estudo de biomarcadores no LCR. Os participantes foram submetidos à BBRC. Resultados: O escore total da BBRC e a evocação tardia (ET) no teste de memória da BBRC apresentaram elevada acurácia diagnóstica na diferenciação entre DA e não-DA versus controles, indicada pelas áreas sob a curva ROC (AUC) de 0,89 e 0,87, respectivamente. De modo semelhante, o escore total da BBRC e a ET mostraram elevadas acurácias (AUC-ROC de 0,89 e 0,91, respectivamente) para o diagnóstico diferencial entre DA e controles. A acurácia da BBRC foi baixa na diferenciação entre DA e não-DA. Os níveis dos biomarcadores no LCR se correlacionaram de forma significativa, embora fraca, com ET. Conclusões: Os escores totais da BCSB e a ET apresentaram boa acurácia na diferenciação entre pacientes com diagnóstico biológico de DA e controles cognitivamente saudáveis, mas baixa acurácia para diferenciar DA de não-DA.


Subject(s)
Humans , Dementia/diagnosis , Alzheimer Disease/psychology , Cognitive Dysfunction/diagnosis , Cognitive Dysfunction/psychology , Biomarkers/cerebrospinal fluid , Case-Control Studies , Amyloid beta-Peptides , tau Proteins/cerebrospinal fluid , Cognition
15.
Online braz. j. nurs. (Online) ; 21: e2022656, 01 jan 2022. tab
Article in English, Spanish, Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1400468

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: verificar associação do declínio cognitivo e dos fatores socioeconômicos com o risco cardiovascular em idosos com Alzheimer. MÉTODO: estudo transversal, em que se incluíram 75 idosos com Alzheimer. Verificaram-se pressão de pulso, risco cardiovascular, Miniexame do Estado Mental, Miniavaliação Nutricional e exames bioquímicos. RESULTADOS: 92% dos pacientes apresentaram declínio cognitivo, com média de três anos de escolaridade. Houve prevalência entre as mulheres (62,3%) e idosos com duas ou mais comorbidades (62,3%). Eram hipertensos (65,2%), estavam com a pressão de pulso elevada (85%), com sobrepeso (49%) e em risco nutricional (78%). Média diária de dois anti-hipertensivos, e a classe medicamentosa mais utilizada foi bloqueador do receptor da angiotensina. CONCLUSÃO: a população estudada apresentou risco cardiovascular aumentado. A consulta de enfermagem foi importante para o reconhecimento dos dados clínicos, como declínio cognitivo, risco cardiovascular, risco nutricional e análise bioquímica.


OBJECTIVE: To verify the association between cognitive decline, socioeconomic factors, and cardiovascular risk in older adults with Alzheimer's disease. METHOD: A cross-sectional study was carried out with 75 older adults with Alzheimer's disease. Pulse pressure, cardiovascular risk, Mini-Mental State Examination, Mini-Nutritional Assessment, and biochemical tests were performed. RESULTS: Ninety-two percent of patients had cognitive decline, with an average of three years of schooling. There was a predominance of women (62.3%) and older adults with two or more comorbidities (62.3%). Most participants had arterial hypertension (65.2%), had elevated pulse pressure during the examination (85%), were overweight (49%), and were at nutritional risk (78%). The daily average of antihypertensive drugs was 2, and angiotensin receptor blockers were the most used drugs. CONCLUSION: The population studied had an increased cardiovascular risk. The nursing consultation was important for recognizing clinical data, such as cognitive decline, cardiovascular risk, nutritional risk, and altered biochemical results.


OBJETIVO: Verificar la asociación entre deterioro cognitivo, factores socioeconómicos y riesgo cardiovascular en ancianos con enfermedad de Alzheimer. MÉTODO: Se realizó un estudio transversal con 75 ancianos con enfermedad de Alzheimer. Se realizaron pruebas de presión de pulso, riesgo cardiovascular, Mini-Examen del Estado Mental, Mini-Evaluación Nutricional y pruebas bioquímicas. RESULTADOS: El 92% de los pacientes presentó deterioro cognitivo, con un promedio de tres años de escolaridad. Hubo predominio de mujeres (62,3%) y ancianos con dos o más comorbilidades (62,3%). La mayoría de los participantes tenía hipertensión arterial (65,2%), presión de pulso elevada durante el examen (85%), sobrepeso (49%) y riesgo nutricional (78%). El promedio diario de fármacos antihipertensivos fue de 2, siendo los bloqueadores de los receptores de angiotensina los más utilizados. CONCLUSIÓN: La población estudiada presentaba riesgo cardiovascular aumentado. La consulta de enfermería fue importante para el reconocimiento de datos clínicos, como deterioro cognitivo, riesgo cardiovascular, riesgo nutricional y análisis bioquímico.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Socioeconomic Factors , Health of the Elderly , Alzheimer Disease , Cognitive Dysfunction , Heart Disease Risk Factors , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Cross-Sectional Studies
16.
Braz. J. Pharm. Sci. (Online) ; 58: e19704, 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1384007

ABSTRACT

Abstract Due to the fact that different isoforms of carbonic anhydrase play distinct physiological roles, their diseases/disorders involvement are different as well. Involvement in major disorders such as glaucoma, epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, obesity and cancers, have turned carbonic anhydrase into a popular case study in the field of rational drug design. Since carbonic anhydrases are highly similar with regard to their structures, selective inhibition of different isoforms has been a significant challenge. By applying a proteochemometrics approach, herein the chemical interaction space governed by acyl selenoureido benzensulfonamides and human carbonic anhydrases is explored. To assess the validity, robustness and predictivity power of the proteochemometrics model, a diverse set of validation methods was used. The final model is shown to provide valuable structural information that can be considered for new selective inhibitors design. Using the supplied information and to show the applicability of the constructed model, new compounds were designed. Monitoring of selectivity ratios of new designs shows very promising results with regard to their selectivity for a specific isoform of carbonic anhydrase.


Subject(s)
Selenium/agonists , Drug Design , Carbonic Anhydrases/analysis , Carbonic Anhydrases/adverse effects , Protein Isoforms , Epilepsy/pathology , Alzheimer Disease/pathology , Neoplasms/pathology
17.
Rev. Hosp. Clin. Univ. Chile ; 33(3): 189-199, 2022. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1411116

ABSTRACT

Alzheimer disease (AD) is the main cause of dementia worldwide and a source of important population morbidity and mortality. It is estimate that its prevalence will increase dramatically in the upcoming years. The classical clinical presentation of AD is an amnesic hippocampal syndrome, and Mild Cognitive impairment (MCI) is considered the initial stage between normal cognition and dementia. The most accepted pathogenesis establishes amyloid beta (Ab) deposition in brain parenchyma as the initial mechanism, followed by the intracellular accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau finally leading to the loss of synapses and neurons. Recently, the study of AD pathogenesis is focusing on immune mechanisms as main actors of disease development. Microglia is the macrophagic resident cell in the central nervous system (CNS), and initiates the inflammatory response and Ab phagocytosis, interacting with other glia and recruiting diverse immune cells to the CNS. The role of the adaptive immune system, and, especially T lymphocytes' role, is still controversial. We hypothesize that the pathogenesis of AD is dynamic; with a preponderant proinflammatory activity initially, but later on, the persistent presence of Ab due to the lack of its proper elimination leads to a phenomena of lymphocyte dysfunction and immunological tolerance that have a deleterious role at advanced stages of the disease. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Alzheimer Disease/physiopathology , Alzheimer Disease/immunology , Dementia/immunology
18.
Saúde Soc ; 31(2): e220048pt, 2022.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1390326

ABSTRACT

Resumo O objetivo deste ensaio é refletir sobre o lugar da diferença na pesquisa científica acerca da Doença de Alzheimer (DA), que se torna um problema de saúde pública crescente à medida que a população brasileira envelhece. Nesse cenário, nossa intenção é explorar a questão de gênero na sua relação com outros marcadores sociais, a fim de compreender a heterogeneidade de experiências e percepções em relação à doença. Para isso, foi feita uma vasta revisão bibliográfica e realizada uma breve pesquisa online na plataforma PubMed. Embora grande parte das pesquisas apontem uma incidência maior da Doença de Alzheimer em mulheres, questões como raça/etnia, classe social e outras condicionantes não têm sido apropriadas pelos pesquisadores. No que tange à prevenção da doença, as diferenças são pouco ou nada consideradas.


Abstract The aim of this essay is to reflect about the place of difference in scientific research on Alzheimer's Disease (AD), which becomes a growing public health problem as the Brazilian population ages. In this scenario, our intention is to explore gender issues in relation to other social markers, to understand the heterogeneity of experiences and perceptions regarding the disease. To this do so, we carried out extensive bibliographic review and conducted brief online research on the PubMed platform. Although many studies indicate that Alzheimer's Disease has a higher incidence in women, issues such as race/ethnicity, social class, and other conditions have not been appropriated by researchers. Regarding prevention of the disease, differences are little or not considered.


Subject(s)
Public Health , Science, Technology and Society , Gender and Health , Alzheimer Disease
19.
Braz. J. Pharm. Sci. (Online) ; 58: e19876, 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1394047

ABSTRACT

Abstract To assess the therapy relative to indication, effectiveness, safety and adherence in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). An interventional, prospective, non-randomized study was conducted in a single secondary care center in Brazil. The pharmacist-led medication therapy management (MTM) was conducted to detect drug-related problems (DRPs) at baseline and after six months of intervention. The health status outcomes (i.e. cognitive screening tests; levels of glucose; total cholesterol; triglycerides; thyroid stimulating hormone; serum free thyroxine and blood pressure) were measured. 66 patients with AD were included, of whom 55 patients completed the follow-up of six months. 36 patients (36/55) were non-adherent to AD drug therapy. Out of detected 166 DRPs, 116 were solved. Four patients were withdrawn from the AD protocol due to resolution of prodromal symptoms. On the conclusion of the study, the MTM improved and controlled blood pressure, glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides levels (p<0.05). The pharmacist-led MTM was effective in solving 69.8% of DRPs, improving and controlling the clinical parameters evaluated


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Patients/classification , Pharmacists/classification , Alzheimer Disease/pathology , Aged , Medication Adherence/statistics & numerical data , Medication Review , Medication Errors/statistics & numerical data
20.
Neuroscience Bulletin ; (6): 809-819, 2022.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-939834

ABSTRACT

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease featuring progressive cognitive impairment. Although the etiology of late-onset AD remains unclear, the close association of AD with apolipoprotein E (APOE), a gene that mainly regulates lipid metabolism, has been firmly established and may shed light on the exploration of AD pathogenesis and therapy. However, various confounding factors interfere with the APOE-related AD risk, raising questions about our comprehension of the clinical findings concerning APOE. In this review, we summarize the most debated factors interacting with the APOE genotype and AD pathogenesis, depict the extent to which these factors relate to APOE-dependent AD risk, and discuss the possible underlying mechanisms.


Subject(s)
Alzheimer Disease/pathology , Apolipoprotein E4/genetics , Apolipoproteins E/genetics , Genotype , Humans , Lipid Metabolism , Neurodegenerative Diseases , Risk Factors
SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL