ABSTRACT
Resumo O processo de Reforma Psiquiátrica Brasileira (RPB) propõe o rompimento com o paradigma manicomial em diversas dimensões. Pensar nos espaços de cuidado e no direito à cidade constituem bandeiras importantes para tal. Dessa forma, construímos um arcabouço teórico-conceitual objetivando discutir e sistematizar a relação da arquitetura dos espaços de cuidado destinados à loucura e à produção de subjetividades e relações. Assim, a partir da arqueogenealogia, organizamos um diálogo entre conceitos e autores que abordem o espaço e a arquitetura como dispositivos de produção de subjetividades e relações, tais como, instituições totais e mortificação do eu (Erving Goffman) e síndrome espaço-comportamental (Mirian de Carvalho), e experiências como as de Maura Lopes Cançado e Lima Barreto. Objetivamos, ainda, discutir e desenhar, pelas lentes de campos diversos de saber, um ideal de cidade que nos ajude a enfrentar o paradigma manicomial e fortalecer o processo de RPB: a cidade aberta, aquela que inclui a diferença. Ao localizarmos a importância da discussão das arquiteturas, dos espaços e da cidade que construímos para o processo de RPB, propomos, como resultado deste artigo, construir e adicionar uma nova dimensão de análise de tal processo às já existentes: a dimensão espacial.
Abstract The Brazilian Psychiatric Reform (BPR) process proposes a break with the asylum paradigm in several dimensions. Thinking about care spaces and the right to the city are important flags for this issue. Bearing that in mind, a theoretical-conceptual framework was constructed, aiming to discuss and systematize the relationship between the architecture of care spaces geared toward madness and the production of subjectivities and relationships. Thus, based on archeo-genealogy, a dialogue was organized between concepts and authors that approach space and architecture as devices for the production of subjectivities and relationships, such as total institutions and self-mortification (Erving Goffman) and space-behavioral syndrome (Mirian de Carvalho), as well as experiences such as those by Maura Lopes Cançado and Lima Barreto. It is also the aim of this study to discuss and draw, through the lens of different fields of knowledge, an ideal city that will aid in facing the asylum paradigm and strengthening the BPR process: the open city, that which includes difference. Locating the importance of discussing the architectures, spaces, and the city built for the BPR process, this article proposes to build and add a new dimension of analysis of such a process to those that already exist: the spatial dimension.
Subject(s)
Humans , Hospitals, Psychiatric , Mental Disorders , Brazil , AngerABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the available data on the anti-anger effects of herbal medicines (HMs) as well as their underlying mechanisms in rat models.@*METHODS@#From 6 electronic databases [PubMed, EMBASE, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang, Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System (OASIS), and Research Information Sharing Service (RISS)], relevant animal experiments were searched by using "anger," "rats," and "animal" as search keywords. The last search was conducted on November 22, 2019, and all experiments involving rat models of anger and treatment using HMs published until the date of the search were considered.@*RESULTS@#A total of 24 studies with 16 kinds of HMs were included. Most studies have used the "tail irritating method" and "social isolation and resident intruder" method to establish anger models. According to the included studies, the therapeutic mechanisms of HMs for anger regulation and important herbs by their frequency and/or preclinical evidence mainly incladed regulation of hemorheology (Bupleuri Radix, Paeoniae Radix Alba, and Glycyrrhizae Radix), regulation of sex hormones (Bupleuri Radix, Cyperi Rhizoma, and Paeoniae Radix Alba), regulation of neurotransmitters (Cyperi Rhizoma), regulation of anger-related genes (Bupleuri Radix, Glycyrrhizae Radix, and Paeoniae Radix Alba), and other effects. Overall, Liver (Gan) qi-smoothing herbs including Bupleuri Radix and Cyperi Rhizoma were the most frequently used.@*CONCLUSIONS@#This review found the frequent methods to establish an anger model, and major mechanisms of anti-anger effects of HMs. Interestingly, some Liver qi-smoothing herbs have been frequently used to investigate the anti-anger effects of HM. These findings provide insight into the role and relevance of HMs in the field of anger management.
Subject(s)
Anger , Animals , Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use , Herbal Medicine , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Paeonia/chemistry , RatsABSTRACT
This study aimed to compare the degree of exercise addiction (EA), muscle dysmorphia and signs of orthorexia according to the type of exercise, age, practice time and weekly training frequency. It was a cross-sectional study with 159 (running = 38, Fitness Functional = 85 and bodybuilding = 35), amateur athletes of both sexes, aged over 18 years and with at least 3 months of practice in the exercise. The following instruments were used: Dedication to Exercise Scale, Ortho15 and Complex in Adonis Questionnaire. Data analysis was conducted through Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA), using age as a covariate (p<0.05). The main finding of the present investigation was that individuals who practiced exercise more than 5 times per week presented higher total score of EA, muscle dysmorphia and orthorexia (p<0.05). However, no differences were observed in the total score of EA between sex and type of exercise. It can be concluded that recreational athletes who exercise more than five times per week showed higher EA, orthorexia and muscle dysmorphia. (AU)
Este estudo teve como objetivo comparar o grau de dependência de exercícios (DE), dismorfia muscular e sinais de ortorexia de acordo com o tipo de exercício, idade, tempo de prática e frequência semanal de treinamento. Foi um estudo transversal com 159 (corredores = 38, fitness funcional = 85 e musculação = 35), atletas amadores de ambos os sexos, com idade superior a 18 anos e com pelo menos 3 meses de prática no exercício. Foram utilizados os seguintes instrumentos: Escala de Dedicação ao Exercício, Questionário Orto-15 e o Questionário de Complexo em Adônis. A análise dos dados foi realizada por meio da Análise de Covariância (ANCOVA), utilizando a idade como covariável (p<0,05). O principal achado da presente investigação foi que indivíduos que praticavam exercícios mais de 5 vezes por semana apresentaram maior pontuação total de IA, dismorfia muscular e ortorexia (p<0,05). No entanto, não foram observadas diferenças no escore total da DE entre sexo e tipo de exercício. Pode-se concluir que atletas recreativos que se exercitam mais de cinco vezes por semana apresentaram maior DE, ortorexia e dismorfia muscular. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Exercise , Body Dysmorphic Disorders , Body Dissatisfaction , Compulsive Exercise , Orthorexia Nervosa , Anxiety , Running , Anorexia Nervosa , Mental Health , Depression , Bulimia Nervosa , Resistance Training , Athletes , Addiction Medicine , Endurance Training , Anger , Obsessive BehaviorABSTRACT
Resumen El estudio de las descripciones de los trastornos mentales en la música es escaso, pese a que la reproducción de visiones estigmatizantes puede afectar la búsqueda de tratamiento. El propósito de este artículo es describir los usos y significados de la locura en el punk español como base para la comparación con otros ámbitos. Análisis de contenido. Se revisó las letras de 3.653 canciones buscando los vocablos "loco", "locura" y otros relacionados. Se identificó 174 obras, analizadas posteriormente por dos codificadores. El manual de codificación abarcó 28 códigos para 4 categorías: usos, sentidos y significados de la locura; tema central de la canción; término "loco" en frases hechas; el loco como personaje. Primaron los usos de la locura como descontrol, desenfreno e impredecibilidad. Entre las frases hechas, también fueron más frecuentes las asociaciones con descontrol. El vocablo loco predominó como expresión de cualidad. La comparación con datos previos sugiere que las ideas de la locura como "patología", "pérdida de control" y "oposición a la razón" tendrían mayor universalidad. Los aspectos identitarios del punk español fueron el telón de fondo para los contenidos identificados, emergiendo la locura como seña de identidad y manifestación de alteridad.
Abstract The study of depictions of mental disorders in music are scarce, despite the fact that the reproduction of stigmatizing representations can interfere in the search for treatment. The scope of this article is to describe the extent and nature of the descriptions of madness in Spanish punk music (1981-2010) as a basis for comparisons with other countries and musical genres. For the content analysis, 3,653 song lyrics were reviewed looking for the words 'crazy,' 'madness,' or other related terms. A total of 174 works were identified and subsequently analyzed by two decoders. The code book contained 28 codes representing cuatro categories: uses, sense and meanings of 'madness'; main topic of the song; the word 'crazy' in set phrases; and the crazy individual. The use of madness as unpredictability or loss of control was prevalent. In set phrases, links between madness and loss of control were recurrent too. The word 'crazy' was predominant as an attribute or quality. Comparisons with previous findings in the literature suggest that the senses of madness as 'pathology,' 'loss of control,' and 'opposition to reason' were more universal. The identity contents of Spanish punk were the backcloth for the content identified, such that the theme of madness emerges as a sign of identity and a manifestation of otherness.
Subject(s)
Humans , Anger , Mental Disorders , Music , DramaABSTRACT
Em nenhum outro momento a persistência do infantil é mais evidente do que no processo do término. Freud foi incaracteristicamente sincero ao dizer que questionava se uma verdadeira transformação era alcançada no término. Ele observou: "Às vezes bem se pode duvidar que os dragões dos primordios estejam realmente extintos". A intensidade e a onipresença do infantil em nosso trabalho serão mais bem vislumbradas pelo estudo da defesa contra o infantil.
The persistence of the infantile is nowhere more apparent than in the termination process. Freud was uncharacteristically candid in saying that he questioned whether a true transformation was achieved at termination. He noted: "One feels inclined to doubt sometimes whether the dragons of primeval days are really extinct". The intensity and pervasiveness of the infantile in our work may best be glimpsed by studying the defense against the infantile.
En ningún otro momento la persistencia de lo infantil es tan evidente como en el proceso de la terminación. Freud fue inusualmente sincero al decir que se preguntaba si una verdadera transformación era alcanzada en la terminación. Él observó: "Una persona se siente inclinada, a veces, a dudar si los dragones del principio realmente fueron extinguidos". La intensidad y la omnipresencia de lo infantil en nuestro trabajo se pueden vislumbrar mejor por medio del estudio de la defensa contra lo infantil.
Nulle part la persistance de l'infantile n'est plus apparente que dans le processus de terminaison. Freud était étrangement sincère lorsqu'il mettait en question si une vraie transformation était atteinte dans la terminaison. Il a remarqué : « Parfois, on se sent incliné à douter que les dragons des jours primitifs seraient vraiment disparus ¼. L'intensité et la diffusion de l'infantile dans notre travail peuvent être mieux aperçues, lorsque l'on étudie la défense contre l'infantile.
Subject(s)
Primary Prevention/methods , Psychoanalysis/methods , Child Behavior/psychology , Sadness , AngerABSTRACT
A proposta de emenda à Constituição Federal (PEC) 171/1993 prevê a redução da maioridade penal no Brasil de 18 para 16 anos. Essa proposta foi votada pela Câmara dos Deputados e está, atualmente, no Senado Federal, contando com intenso apoio do atual presidente. Embora haja evidências de que a idade não se relaciona a indicadores de violência, a opinião pública se manifesta favorável à medida. Diante disso, considera-se primordial escutar a fala dos próprios adolescentes sobre essa questão. Este trabalho objetivou investigar a perspectiva de adolescentes sobre a redução da maioridade penal. Participaram 25 adolescentes provenientes de uma escola pública e cinco que estavam em cumprimento de medida socioeducativa, todos na faixa etária entre 12 e 17 anos. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio de rodas de conversa com o primeiro grupo e entrevistas com o segundo. Foram escritos relatos em ambos os momentos da coleta. Para a análise, esses relatos foram lidos e discutidos em grupo pelos pesquisadores. Os resultados apontam alguns analisadores que emergiram a partir das rodas e entrevistas: adolescência, raiva, medo, questão social, lei e violência. Observou-se que os participantes foram além de um posicionamento opinativo, produzindo importantes elaborações sobre o tema que foram disparadores capazes de abordar problemáticas próprias da adolescência e da realidade social. Considera-se que é tarefa ímpar da psicologia trazer à luz opiniões como as dos adolescentes objeto desta pesquisa.(AU)
The proposed amendment to the Federal Constitution (PEC 171/1993) of Brazil provides for the lowering of the minimum age of criminal responsibility from 18 to 16 years. This proposal was voted by the House of Representatives and is currently in the Federal Senate, being strongly supported by the elected President. Despite evidence showing that age is unrelated to indicators of violence, public opinion supports the measure, indicating the urge for listening to the opinion of adolescents on this subject. This study aimed to investigate the perspective of adolescents regarding the lowering of the minimum age of criminal responsibility in Brazil. The study sample consisted of 25 adolescents from a public school and five who fulfilled socioeducational measures, all aged from 12 to 17 years. Data on the first group were collected by means of conversation circles, and on the second group by interviews. A written record was kept for both moments of data collection, which was later read and discussed among the researchers involved in the study. The results indicate some common themes emerging from circles and interviews, namely: adolescence, anger, fear, social issues, law, and violence. When sharing their perspectives on the subject, participants went beyond an opinionated position, producing important elaborations. This also triggered the possibility of addressing specific problems of adolescence and social reality. In this scenario, Psychology plays a key role in bringing opinions to light, such as those of adolescents participating in this study - who tend to stay on the sidelines.(AU)
La propuesta de enmienda a la Constitución Federal (PEC 171/1993) prevé la reducción de la edad mínima de responsabilidad penal en Brasil de 18 para 16 años. Esta propuesta fue votada por la Cámara de Diputados y está actualmente en el Senado Federal, contando con intenso apoyo del actual Presidente. Aunque hay evidencias de que la edad no se relaciona con los indicadores de violencia, la opinión pública se manifiesta favorable a la medida. Por lo tanto, se considera esencial escuchar el discurso de los adolescentes sobre este tema. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar la perspectiva de algunos adolescentes sobre la reducción de la edad de responsabilidad penal. Participaron 25 adolescentes provenientes de una escuela pública y cinco que estaban en cumplimiento de medida socioeducativa, todos en el grupo de edad de entre 12 y 17 años. La recopilación de datos se realizó por medio de círculos de conversación con el primer grupo y de entrevistas con el segundo. Los informes fueron escritos en ambas ocasiones. Para el análisis, los investigadores leyeron y discutieron estos informes en grupos. Los resultados muestran algunos analizadores que surgieron de los círculos y las entrevistas: adolescencia, ira, miedo, problemas sociales, derecho y violencia. Se observó que los participantes fueron más allá de una posición de opinión, produciendo elaboraciones importantes sobre el tema; esto también desencadenó la posibilidad de abordar problemas específicos de la adolescencia y la realidad social. Se considera que es una tarea única de la psicología sacar a la luz opiniones, como las de estos adolescentes, que tienden a permanecer al margen.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Psychoanalysis , Speech , Adolescent , Interview , Criminal Liability , Psychology , Public Opinion , Social Problems , Violence , Data Collection , Constitution and Bylaws , Criminals , Jurisprudence , AngerABSTRACT
Emotions are complex psychobiological reactions, articulating motivational patterns, an impulse for action, and physiological changes. The aim was to adapt and validate a self-report instrument for the assessment of teachers' emotions in a Brazilian context. We propose the adaptation of the Teacher Emotions Scales (TES) - developed in German and translated to English -, which assesses teachers' enjoyment, anger, and anxiety. Eight specialists translated and back-translated the scale in and from both English and German. Participants were 410 teachers and professors, who also answered the Affect Scale (AS) and the Work Burnout Inventory (WBI). Exploratory factorial analysis found three factors (enjoyment, ω = .88, anxiety, ω = .67, and anger, ω = .81), as in the original scale. We also found meaningful correlations between the dimensions of the scales and the AS and WBI subscales. Adapting this scale will contribute to current research on teacher emotions in Brazil (AU).
As emoções são reações psicobiológicas complexas, articulando padrões motivacionais, impulso de ação e mudanças fisiológicas. O objetivo foi validar um instrumento de autorrelato para avaliação das emoções de professores em um contexto brasileiro. Propõe-se a adaptação da Escala de Emoções do Professor (TES) - desenvolvido em alemão e traduzido para o inglês -, que avalia o prazer, a raiva e a ansiedade dos professores. Oito especialistas traduziram e retraduziram a escala de e para inglês e alemão. Os participantes foram 410 professores, que também responderam à Escala de Afeto (AS) e ao Work Burnout Inventory (WBI). A análise fatorial exploratória encontrou três fatores (prazer, α = 0,88, ansiedade, α = 0,67 e raiva, α = 0,81), como na escala original e correlações significativas entre as dimensões das escalas e as subescalas AS e WBI. A adaptação dessa escala contribuirá para as pesquisas atuais sobre as emoções dos professores no Brasil (AU).
Las emociones son reacciones psicobiológicas complejas, que articulan patrones motivacionales, impulsos de acción y cambios fisiológicos. El objetivo fue validar un instrumento de autoinforme para la evaluación de las emociones de los docentes para el contexto brasileño - la Escala de Emociones de los Docentes (TES), desarrollada en alemán y traducida al inglés, que evalúa el placer, la ira y la ansiedad de los profesores. Los participantes fueron 410 docentes, quienes también respondieron a la Escala de Afecto (AS) y el Inventario de Burnout en el Trabajo (WBI). El análisis factorial exploratorio encontró tres factores (placer, α = 0,88, ansiedad, α = 0,67 e ira, α = 0,81), como en la escala original. También se encontraron correlaciones significativas entre las dimensiones de las escalas y las subescalas AS y WBI. La adaptación de esta escala contribuirá a la investigación actual sobre las emociones de los profesores en Brasil (AU).
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Emotions , Faculty/psychology , School Teachers/psychology , Anxiety/psychology , Cross-Cultural Comparison , Reproducibility of Results , Factor Analysis, Statistical , Pleasure , Self Report , AngerABSTRACT
A prevalência dos castigos físicos em crianças/adolescentes é muito elevada. Sua aceitação social é ampla, sendo que as legislações brasileiras criam brechas para sua ocorrência. Entre os cientistas, há dissenso quanto aos limites entre castigos e abusos físicos. O objetivo do presente estudo foi contribuir com as discussões nesse âmbito, buscando verificar se grupos de pais/responsáveis sem e com histórico de notificação ao sistema de proteção por abuso físico se diferenciariam quanto à forma de punir/castigar e quanto a variáveis psicossociais consideradas fatores de risco para abuso físico. A abordagem adotada no estudo foi quantitativa, com delineamento transversal e comparativo. Participaram do estudo pais/cuidadores que faziam utilização da punição corporal: 47 sem histórico de notificação e 40 com histórico de notificação por abuso físico. Os instrumentos utilizados para a coleta de dados foram: Questionário de Caracterização Sociodemográfica, Roteiro de Entrevista sobre Prática Parental, Inventário de Potencial de Maus-Tratos Infantil (Child Abuse Potential Inventory - CAP). Os pais notificados relataram punições corporais mais graves (ou seja, mais frequentes, mais gravosas e em regiões do corpo mais vulneráveis) e mais angústia, rigidez, infelicidade, problemas com a criança, problemas com os outros e solidão. Todavia, em ambos os grupos, segundo o reportado, a raiva moveria o ato de punir. Esses resultados reiteram a ideia de que todas as formas de punição física são maus-tratos (expressões de violência), pois decorrem das necessidades dos cuidadores ("descarga emocional"). Remetem, porém, a um fenômeno heterogêneo, em termos de gravidade e de fatores associados, que precisa ser assim considerado na proposição de programas de prevenção e de tratamento.(AU)
Physical punishment of children / adolescents is highly prevalent and socially accepted, with a series of loopholes in the Brazilian legislation that favor this practice. Scientists tend to disagree in regard to the limits between physical punishment and physical abuse. This study aimed to contribute to the discussions around this theme, verifying whether practices of physical punishment and psychosocial variables considered risk factors for physical abuse differ among parents / caregivers with and without history of physical abuse notifications to protection agencies. The study was conducted with parents / caregivers who adopt practices of corporal punishment, 47 of whom without and 40 with history of physical abuse notification. Data were collected by means of Characterization Questionnaire, Parental Practice Interview, and Child Abuse Potential Inventory (CAP). Notified parents reported more severe corporal punishments (more frequent, more dangerous, in more vulnerable body regions) and more distress, severity, unhappiness, problems with the child and other people, and loneliness. Both groups reported that the act of punishing was moved by anger. These results reiterate the notion that all forms of physical punishment are maltreatment (expressions of violence) resulting from the needs of the caregivers ("emotional discharge"). However, these practices refer to a heterogeneous phenomenon in terms of severity and associated factors, which must be considered when proposing prevention and treatment programs.(AU)
Los castigos corporales de niños/adolescentes tiene una prevalencia muy elevada. Su aceptación social es amplia, y las legislaciones brasileñas no logran abarcar las puniciones adecuadas para esta práctica. No existe un consenso entre los científicos en cuanto a los límites entre punición corporal y maltrato físico. El objetivo del presente estudio fue contribuir con las discusiones sobre ese tema, verificando si grupos de padres/responsables sin y con antecedentes de notificación al Sistema de Protección por maltrato físico se diferenciarían en la forma de castigar/punir y en variables psicosociales consideradas factores de riesgo para maltrato físico. Este es un estudio cuantitativo, de tipo transversal y comparativo. Participaron en el estudio padres/cuidadores que hacían uso del castigo corporal: 47 sin antecedentes de notificación al sistema; 40 con antecedentes de notificación por maltrato físico. Los instrumentos utilizados para la recolección de datos fueron: Cuestionario de Datos Sociodemográficos, Entrevista sobre Práctica Parental, Inventario de Potencial de Maltrato Infantil (Child Abuse Potential Inventory - CAP). Los padres notificados reportaron castigos corporales más graves (es decir, más frecuentes, más graves, en regiones del cuerpo más vulnerables) y más angustia, rigidez, infelicidad, problemas con el niño, problemas con los demás y soledad. Según el reportado, en ambos grupos, la rabia movería el acto de castigar. Estos resultados reiteran la idea de que todas las formas de castigo físico son maltrato (manifestación de violencia), pues se derivan de las necesidades de los cuidadores ("descarga emocional"). Sin embargo, remiten a un fenómeno heterogéneo, en términos de gravedad y de factores asociados, que necesita considerarse en la propuesta de programas de prevención y de tratamiento.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Punishment , Child Abuse, Sexual , Child Rearing , Domestic Violence , Poverty , Rabies , Violence , Child Abuse , Protective Factors , Consensus , Physical Abuse , AngerABSTRACT
O presente artigo tem por objetivo investigar os efeitos de uma verdade impactante, qual seja, a de que o próprio pai é um pedófilo que abusa sexualmente de seus filhos. A partir do viés psicanalítico, tentaremos compreender as reverberações identificatórias quando essa sentença é proferida durante a adolescência do sujeito o que, sem dúvida alguma, irá tornar caótico todo o processo de elaboração do luto pela perda dos pais idealizados na infância. Apesar de não ter sido a vítima direta do pai, saber que um irmão foi molestado provoca no adolescente uma decepção ímpar. Através de um caso clínico de uma adolescente, acompanhada por uma equipe multidisciplinar, em um hospital público de alta complexidade da cidade de Buenos Aires, especializado no atendimento de crianças e adolescentes vítimas de abuso sexual, tentaremos abrir questões acerca das fraturas psíquicas e suas sequelas no reordenamento identificatório que acompanha a adolescência (AU).
The object of this study is to investigate the effects of an impressive truth, wich is the allegation that a person's own father is a pedophile who sexually abuse their children. From the psychoanalytic bias, we will try to understand the identificatory reverberations generated when this fact is revealed during the adolescence of the individual, which will, undoubtedly, turn the grieving process for an idealised parental loss in childhood into a chaotic experience. Although this person was not the direct victim of his father, acknowing that his brother was molested cause adolescent an odd disappointment. Through a clinical case of a teenager, who was accompanied by a multidisciplinary team in a highly complex public hospital in the city of Buenos Aires, specialized in caring for children and adolescents who are victims of sexual abuse, we will try to present questions about psychological fractures and their sequelae in the identificatory rearrangement that accompanies (AU) adolescence.
Este artículo tiene como objetivo investigar los efectos de una verdad impactante, a saber, que el propio padre es un pedófilo que abusa sexualmente de sus hijos. A partir de la perspectiva psicoanalítica, intentaremos comprender las reverberaciones identificatórias cuando se pronuncia esta sentencia durante la adolescencia del sujeto, lo que, sin duda, hará que todo el proceso de duelo por la pérdida de los padres idealizados en la infancia sea caótico. Aunque no ha sido la víctima directa del padre, saber que un hermano ha sido molestado causa al adolescente una decepción impar. A través de un caso clínico de una adolescente, acompañada por un equipo multidisciplinario, en un hospital público de alta complejidad en la ciudad de Buenos Aires, especializado en el cuidado de niños y adolescentes víctimas de abuso sexual, intentaremos abrir preguntas respecto a las fracturas psíquicas y sus secuelas en el reordenamiento identificatorio que acompaña la adolescencia (AU).
Subject(s)
Humans , Psychoanalytic Therapy , Sex Offenses , Adolescent , Fathers , Bereavement , Bias , AngerABSTRACT
INTRODUCCIÓN: El problema relacionado con la agresión entre escolares se ha exacerbado en los últimos años, afectando al bienestar de los involucrados, tanto en el contexto educativo, como social y cultural. De esta manera, se ha constituido como una variable de estudio en las Ciencias Sociales; misma que puede ser abordada desde diversos enfoques. La intensidad de este problema, impacta negativamente a niños, niñas y adolescentes. Numerosos estudios reportan que los eventos de violencia y/o agresión en las escuelas, pueden generar en los escolares daños físicos y emocionales, dificultad en el aprendizaje por trastorno de estrés postraumático, desmotivación, ausentismo y deserción escolar. La presente investigación tiene como objetivo establecer el nivel de agresión en estudiantes de quinto año de secundaria de instituciones educativas en Lima, Perú. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio exploratorio descriptivo, de corte transversal, cuantitativo. Se utilizó el Cuestionario de Agresión de Buss y Perry, adaptado al contexto. La evidencia de validez de contenido se obtuvo con el coeficiente V de Aiken (0.80) por cada ítem y dimensión. Para el análisis de datos se utilizó la prueba de normalidad de Kolmogorov-Smirnov. Los datos se presentan en tablas, mediante frecuencias y porcentajes. RESULTADOS: El estudio se aplicó en una muestra de 274 adolescentes de 15 a 18 años. Entre los participantes, se encontraron altos niveles de agresión (54.8%; Nivel alto: 38.6%, Nivel muy alto: 16.2%), con un predominio en el sexo masculino equivalente al 43%, frente a un 34% en las mujeres. En las dimensiones estudiadas, se encontró que los estudiantes alcanzaron puntuaciones altas, en la agresión verbal (40%), seguido de la agresión física y la hostilidad (38%) y finalmente en la ira (37%). CONCLUSIÓN: Luego del procesamiento de datos, se encontraron niveles altos de agresión en los estudiantes de quinto año de secundaria de las zonas periféricas de Lima. Con respecto al género, se halló un predominio de la agresión de nivel alto en los varones frente a las mujeres. En cuanto a las dimensiones estudiadas de la variable agresión, se encontró una preponderancia en la agresión verbal, seguida de la agresión física y la hostilidad y finalmente la ira.
BACKGROUND: Aggression among schoolchildren is a growing problem, affecting their educational, social and cultural well-being. In this context, aggression has become an aim of study for Social Sciences, from various approaches. The intensity of this problem negatively impacts on children and adolescents lives. Numerous studies report that events of violence and/or aggression in schools can generate physical and emotional damage to schoolchildren, learning difficulties due to post-traumatic stress disorder, demotivation, absenteeism and school dropout. The aim of this study was to establish the level of aggression in fifth-year high school students from high schools in Lima, Peru. METHODS: Descriptive, cross-sectional, quantitative exploratory study. The Buss and Perry, Aggression Questionnaire was applied and adapted to the context. The content validity was obtained with Aiken's V coefficient (0.80) for each item and dimension. The Kolmogorov- Smirnov normality test was used for data analysis. Data is presented in charts, with frequencies and percentages. RESULTS: The study was applied to a sample of 274 adolescents, aged 15 to 18 years. High levels of aggression were found in the students (54.8%; High aggression level: 38.6%, very high aggression level: 16.2%), with a predominance in the male group (43%), compared to 34% in women. Regarding the aggression dimensions, we found high levels, in verbal aggression (40%), followed by physical aggression and hostility (38%) and finally anger (37%). CONCLUSION: After data processing, high levels of aggression were found among fifth-year high schools students from peripheral areas of Lima. Regarding gender, a predominance of high-level aggression was found in males over females. About aggression dimensions, we found a high level of verbal aggression, followed by physical aggression and hostility, finally by anger.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Student Dropouts , Violence , Behavior , Aggression , Absenteeism , Hostility , Anger , Learning , Schools , Social Sciences , MethodsABSTRACT
Abstract Background The Emotional and Affective Composite Temperament (AFECT) model describes originally six traits of volition, anger, inhibition (fear and caution subordinate factors), control, sensitivity, and coping. However, fear and caution have shown opposite relatioships with criteria-variables, indicating factor independence. Objective The current investigation aimed to advance in the evaluation of the psychometric properties of the emotional trait section of the Emotional and Affective Composite Temperament Scale (AFECTS) by examining the suitability of a 7-factor structure and the reliability of each scale using data from a population-based sample. Methods AFECTS was administered via face-to-face assessments in a single-session, population-based cross-sectional survey. Samples was composed of teenagers and adults (14 to 35 years). The latent structure and reliability were analyzed via structural equation modeling: confirmatory factor analysis was used to test the a priori correlated 7-factor model (with fear and caution designed as single-factors) and trait-scores reliability was assessed by the estimation of information curves. Results Findings attested the suitability of the 7-factor model presumed to underline the item set of the traits section of AFECTS and information curve interpretation showed adequate levels of reliability for all trait-scores. Discussion The 7-factor model showed robust indicators of construct validity for the AFECTS.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Psychometrics/methods , Temperament , Emotions , Models, Psychological , Volition , Adaptation, Psychological , Cross-Sectional Studies , Reproducibility of Results , Affect , Precautionary Principle , Behavior Control , Empathy , Fear/psychology , AngerABSTRACT
Resumen En este estudio se pretendió corroborar el efecto de inversión con estímulos de rostros calmos, de miedo e ira tomados de la base de datos de rostros calmos y emocionales NSTIM (base de datos de rostros), presentados de forma vertical e invertida, con una duración de presentación de 2000 milisegundos. Los resultados muestran que no hubo modulación del componente N170 tanto en latencia como en amplitud ante la presentación de rostros invertidos comparados con los rostros presentados verticalmente. Tampoco se encontró alteración en la precisión de la respuesta y demora en los tiempos de reacción ante los rostros invertidos comparados con los rostros verticales. Estos resultados probablemente se pueden explicar por la presentación prolongada de los rostros invertidos que permitieron a los participantes tener el tiempo para reorganizar los elementos que componen los rostros. El aporte de este estudio es poner en evidencia que el tiempo de presentación de rostros invertidos es crucial para que se presente el efecto de inversión de rostros, el cual debe estar entre 200 y 500 milisegundos.
Abstract The aim of this study was to confirm the inversion effect with calm, fear and anger faces taken from calm and emotional NSTIM (face database) face database presented in upright and upside down position. The duration of the stimuli was 2000 ms. There was no modulation in latency or amplitude of the N170 component for inverted faces. There was no alteration in accuracy and reaction times in inverted faces compared to vertical faces. These results could be explained by the long presentation of the inverted faces that probably permitted the participants to reorganize the elements that compose the face. The contribution of this study is to demonstrate that the time presentation of the inverted faces between 200 and 500 ms is crucial for the FIE to appear.
Subject(s)
Reaction Time , Facial Expression , Fear , Anger , Orientation , Adaptation, Psychological , FaceABSTRACT
Resumen. La irritabilidad es un síntoma transdiagnóstico que atraviesa la barrera de las patologías internalizantes y externalizantes. Se define como un umbral bajo para experimentar la ira en respuesta a la frustración y es uno de los síntomas más comunes en niños y adolescentes. Las conductas relacionadas con la ira apropiadas para el desarrollo tienden a reflejar frustración en contextos esperados, mientras que la irritabilidad crónica es inapropiada para la situación. La presentación de la irritabilidad, crónica o episódica, es crucial para comprender su significado psicopatológico, en particular porque las estructuras de la irritabilidad episódica y crónica son separables y permanecen estables a lo largo del tiempo. Existen varios estudios acerca de la irritabilidad en patologías como trastorno afectivo bipolar y trastorno de desregulación disruptiva del estado del ánimo, en ambos casos es importante plantearse como punto de partida la identificación de la episodicidad. La irritabilidad también se encuentra presente en el trastorno de personalidad límite observándose dentro de una inestabilidad afectiva debida a una reactividad notable del estado de ánimo. Estas emociones tienen un correlato anatómico relacionado con deficiencias de los circuitos frontolímbicos. Para el manejo de la irritabilidad en las distintas patologías, la evidencia del tratamiento incluye terapia cognitivo conductual, intervención de los padres, mindfulness, pero existe una necesidad apremiante de investigación sobre el tratamiento farmacológico complementario.
Irritability is a transdiagnostic symptom that crosses the barrier between internalizing and externalizing pathologies. It is defined as a low threshold to experience anger in response to frustration and it is one of the most common symptoms in children and adolescents. Behaviors related to appropriate developmental anger tend to reflect frustration in expected contexts, while chronic irritability is inappropriate to the situation. The presentation of irritability, chronic or episodic, is crucial to understanding its psychopathological meaning, particularly because the structures of episodic and chronic irritability are separable and remain stable over time. There are several studies about irritability in pathologies such as bipolar affective disorder and disruptive mood dysregulation disorder, in both cases it is important to consider the identification of episodicity as a starting point. Irritability is also present in borderline personality disorder, where it is expressed as an affective instability due to a remarkable reactivity of the state of mind. These emotions have been anatomically related to deficiencies of the frontolimbic circuits. For the management of irritability in different patholo-gies, the evidence includes cognitive behavioral therapy, parental intervention, mindfulness, but there still is a pressing need for research on complementary pharmacological treatment.
Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Adolescent , Irritable Mood , Mental Disorders/diagnosis , Mental Disorders/psychology , Bipolar Disorder/diagnosis , Borderline Personality Disorder/diagnosis , Problem Behavior , Anger , Mental Disorders/therapyABSTRACT
Objective: To investigate the clinical differences between intermittent explosive disorder (IED) (disorder of aggression primarily directed towards others) and nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) (disorder of aggression predominantly directed towards the self) in order to better understand the different clinical subtypes of aggression. Methods: We used treatment-seeking samples to compare demographic and clinical correlates between 82 participants with IED and 55 participants with NSSI. Results: The IED group was older, more likely to be male, in a relationship, and employed than the NSSI group. With respect to clinical variables, the NSSI group had more severe depressive symptoms and more social adjustment difficulties. Regarding psychiatric co-morbidities, the IED group had higher rates of generalized anxiety disorder. On the other hand, the NSSI group had higher rates of major depressive disorder, agoraphobia, substance use disorder, and bulimia nervosa. Conclusions: Individuals with NSSI may benefit from better management of psychiatric comorbidities, specifically depressive symptoms and social adjustment difficulties. Conversely, the treatment of individuals with IED may be improved by targeting comorbid generalized anxiety disorder. Our results provide important insight for the development of tailored interventions for specific subtypes of aggression.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Self-Injurious Behavior/psychology , Disruptive, Impulse Control, and Conduct Disorders/psychology , Anxiety Disorders , Socioeconomic Factors , Comorbidity , Sex Factors , Age Factors , Self-Injurious Behavior/diagnosis , Self-Injurious Behavior/therapy , Aggression/psychology , Disruptive, Impulse Control, and Conduct Disorders/diagnosis , Disruptive, Impulse Control, and Conduct Disorders/therapy , Impulsive Behavior , AngerABSTRACT
Objective: Although attentional bias (AB) toward angry faces is well established in patients with anxiety disorders, it is still poorly studied in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). We investigated whether OCD patients present AB toward angry faces, whether AB is related to symptom severity and whether AB scores are associated with specific OCD symptom dimensions. Method: Forty-eight OCD patients were assessed in clinical evaluations, intelligence testing and a dot-probe AB paradigm that used neutral and angry faces as stimuli. Analyses were performed with a one-sample t-test, Pearson correlations and linear regression. Results: No evidence of AB was observed in OCD patients, nor was there any association between AB and symptom severity or dimension. Psychiatric comorbidity did not affect our results. Conclusion: In accordance with previous studies, we were unable to detect AB in OCD patients. To investigate whether OCD patients have different brain activation patterns from anxiety disorder patients, future studies using a transdiagnostic approach should evaluate AB in OCD and anxiety disorder patients as they perform AB tasks under functional neuroimaging protocols.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Anxiety Disorders/physiopathology , Attentional Bias , Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder/physiopathology , Anxiety Disorders/diagnosis , Psychological Tests , Data Accuracy , Facial Recognition , Anger , Middle Aged , Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder/diagnosisABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION : La prise en charge thérapeutique des microcarcinomes papillaires (MCP) de la thyroïde est controversée. L'ob-jectif de notre étude était de discuter les attitudes thérapeutiques devant un microcarcinome papillaire.MÉTHODES : Nous rapportons une étude rétrospective portant sur 50 patients pris en charge pour MCP de la thyroïde sur une période de 7 ans (2007-2013).RÉSULTATS : L'âge moyen de nos patients était de 46 ans avec un sex-ratio de 0,11. Les circonstances de découverte étaient : un nodule thyroïdien suspect dans cinq cas, une adénopathie cervicale métastatique dans un cas. La découverte était fortuite à l'exa-men histologique chez 44 patients. Le geste chirurgical consistait en une thyroïdectomie totale dans tous les cas. Elle a été pratiquée en un seul temps opératoire dans 34 cas et en deux temps dans 15 cas. Un curage ganglionnaire central a été réalisé dans 56% des cas. La taille moyenne du MCP était de 4,6 mm. Le MCP était multifocal dans 16% des cas et bilatéral dans 10% des cas. Un envahissement de la capsule thyroïdienne a été retrouvé dans 4% des cas. Une atteinte ganglionnaire a été notée dans 14% des cas. Le traitement par l'Iode 131 a été indiqué chez 40 patients. L'activité moyenne administrée était nettement moindre chez les patients opérés après 2012 (70mCi contre 130 mCi). Quatre-vingt pourcent de ces patients ont reçus une activité inférieure à 100 mCi. Le recul moyen était de 52 mois. Nous n'avons pas rapporté de cas de récidive ou de métastase à distance.CONCLUSION : La totalisation chirurgicale et l'irathérapie ne devraient être indiquées qu'en présence de facteurs de mauvais pro-nostic vu le potentiel peu évolutif de ces tumeurs
Subject(s)
Anger , Thyroid Gland , Thyroidectomy , TunisiaABSTRACT
PURPOSE: This study examined the relationships between nurses' exercise behavior and their anger control using a cross-sectional descriptive design. METHODS: The participants were 290 nurses in South Korea, who completed a survey questionnaire on general characteristics, the stage of exercise behavior change, and anger emotion, evaluated using state anger and anger expression method. RESULTS: Those who engaged in regular exercise behavior exhibited lower levels of state anger and higher levels of anger control than those who did not. In the prediction model, a significant association of exercise behavior with anger control was found. The levels of anger control decreased as the age, education level, and work experiences of nurses decreased. Anger control scores were significantly higher than anger suppression scores and anger expression-out scores in the hospital nurses. CONCLUSION: Engaging in regular exercise may help nurses manage anger emotions better.
Subject(s)
Anger , Education , Korea , MethodsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Posttraumatic embitterment disorder (PTED), a subgroup of an adjustment disorder, is a feeling with anger and helplessness. Hemodialysis may be a trigger event leading to PTED. We investigated the prevalence of PTED in patients with each categorized stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and the association between PTED and depression and functional impairment. METHODS: Patients were categorized into three groups according to the stages of CKD (stage I–II, III–IV, and V). CKD (I–II) group was defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) >60 ml/min/1.73 m², CKD (III–IV) group as eGFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m², and CKD (V) group as CKD stage V including patients ongoing hemodialysis. Patients were assessed for the prevalence of PTED, depression, and decreased quality of life by using the scale of PTED, Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and EuroQol Five Dimensional Questionnaires, Visual Analogue Scale (EQ-5D-VAS), respectively. RESULTS: A total of 445 patients were analyzed. The number of patients in CKD (I–II) was 166, CKD (III–IV) was 172, and CKD (V) was 107. Multivariate analysis by binomial logistic regression demonstrated that CKD (V) was significantly associated with the prevalence of PTED (odds ratio, 4.13; 95% confidence interval, 1.56–15.6; p=0.006) after adjustment for age, gender, and diabetes mellitus. Also, a significant correlation existed between PTED and EQ-5D-VAS in all stages, but the correlation was nonsignificant between PTED and PHQ-9 score in group CKD (V). CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that PTED is underdiagnosed in CKD patients. Acknowledgment and diagnosis of PTED in CKD patients may lead to a better quality of life.
Subject(s)
Adjustment Disorders , Anger , Depression , Diabetes Mellitus , Diagnosis , Dialysis , Glomerular Filtration Rate , Humans , Logistic Models , Multivariate Analysis , Prevalence , Quality of Life , Renal Dialysis , Renal Insufficiency, ChronicABSTRACT
Emotional information is critical for our social life, in which attentional bias is now a focus in the study on attention. However, the attentional bias processing mechanism of emotional faces still arouses huge controversy. Using similar experimental paradigms and stimuli, the published studies have yielded contradictory results. Some studies suggest that angry faces could automatically stimulate attention, that is, there is an anger superiority effect. On the contrary, lines of growing evidence support the existence of a happiness superiority effect, suggesting that the superiority effect is shown in happy faces rather than angry faces. In the present paper, the behavioral and neuroscience studies of anger and happiness superiority effects are combined. It is found that there are three major reasons for the debate over the two types of effects, which include the choice of stimulus materials, the difference of paradigm setting, and the different stages of emotional processing. By comparatively integrating the previous published results, we highlight that the future studies should further control the experimental materials and procedures, and investigate the processing mechanism of anger and happiness superiority effects by combining cognitive neurobiology means to resolve the disputes.
Subject(s)
Anger , Attentional Bias , Facial Expression , Happiness , HumansABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the prevalence and psychosocial correlates of depressive symptoms in patients with hypertension.METHODS: The participants were 124 outpatients with hypertension who were treated at the Department of cardiology, Chosun University Hospital. Each subject was assessed concerning depressive symptom severity, state-trait anger, ego resilience, social conflict, and perceived stress using self-report questionnaires. A logistic regression model was constructed to examine the impact of psychosocial factors on depressive symptoms.RESULTS: A total of 37.1% of participants were identified as having depressive symptoms. Depressive symptoms were positively correlated with perceived stress, trait anger, social conflict, and state anger. On the other hand, ego resilience was negatively correlated with depressive symptoms. Further, perceived stress and state anger were related to a higher risk of depressive symptoms whereas ego resilience were associated with a lower risk of depressive symptoms.CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated a high prevalence of depressive symptoms in patients with hypertension. Moreover, several possible risk and protective psychosocial factors of depressive symptoms were determined. Especially, our findings suggest that improving ego resilience as well as lowering perceived stress and state anger would be important in the prevention and management of depression in patients with hypertension.