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1.
Psicol. ciênc. prof ; 43: e244422, 2023. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: biblio-1431118

ABSTRACT

Funções executivas (FE) referem-se ao conjunto de habilidades que, de forma integrada, coordenam o comportamento e a cognição. Assim, o comprometimento no desenvolvimento das FE está ligado a vários desfechos negativos ao longo da vida. Portanto, a avaliação dessas habilidades na infância é essencial para identificar e prevenir prejuízos na vida adulta. Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar evidências de validade do Teste Informatizado para Avaliação das Funções Executivas (Tafe) pelo critério de idade e pelo padrão de correlação entre medidas do TAFE e outras medidas de FE. Para isso, foi utilizada uma amostra de 51 crianças, entre 4 e 10 anos de idade, matriculadas em uma escola privada na cidade de Goiânia (GO), da pré-escola ao 4º ano do ensino fundamental. Como instrumentos, foram utilizados, além do Tafe, as tarefas de Bloco de Corsi, Teste de Trilhas A e B, Teste de Trilhas Pré-Escolares, Teste de Stroop Pré-Escolares e Subteste Dígitos da Escala Wechsler de Inteligência. Foram conduzidas análises estatísticas Kruskal Wallis para verificar a evidência de validade por relação com idade e análises de correlação não paramétrica de Spearman para avaliar as evidências de validade convergente. O instrumento investigado mostrou-se efetivo para discriminar entre as diferentes faixas etárias, assim, sensível ao desenvolvimento das FE. Os resultados obtidos no Tafe correlacionaram-se aos obtidos em outros testes que também avaliaram FE, mostrando claros padrões de convergência. Logo, as análises dos resultados fornecem evidências de validade ao Tafe, derivadas a partir de diferentes estratégias de investigação.(AU)


Executive functions (EF) refer to the set of skills that, in an integrated way, coordinate behavior and cognition. Thus, the commitment in developing EF is linked to several negative outcomes throughout life. Therefore, the assessment of these abilities in childhood is essential to identify and prevent possible harm in adult life. This study aimed to investigate evidences of validity of the Computerized Test for Evaluation of Executive Functions (TAFE) by the age criterion and by the pattern of correlation between TAFE measures and other EF measures. To this end, a sample of 51 children, between 4 and 10 years old, enrolled in a private school in the municipality of Goiânia (GO), from preschool to the 4th year of elementary school, was used. As instruments, in addition to TAFE, the tasks of Corsi Block, Trails Test A and B, Preschool Trails Test, Preschool Stroop Test and the Digits Subtest of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale were used. Kruskal Wallis statistical analyzes were conducted to verify the evidence of validity by age criteria and Spearman's nonparametric correlation analysis to assess evidence of convergent validation. The instrument investigated was effective to discriminate between different age groups, thus being sensitive to the development of EF. The results obtained in TAFE were correlated with those obtained in other tests that also assess FE, showing patterns of convergence. Therefore, the analysis of the results provides validation evidence to TAFE, derived from different investigation methods.(AU)


Las funciones ejecutivas (FE) se refieren al conjunto de habilidades que coordinan la conducta y la cognición. Así, el deterioro en el desarrollo de FE está relacionado con varios resultados negativos durante la vida. Por tanto, la valoración de estas habilidades en la infancia es fundamental para identificar y prevenir posibles daños en la vida adulta. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar la evidencia de validez de la Prueba Computarizada para Evaluación de Funciones Ejecutivas (Tafe) por el criterio de edad y convergencia entre las medidas Tafe y otras medidas de FE. Para ello, se utilizó una muestra de 51 niños, de entre 4 y 10 años de edad, matriculados en un colegio privado de Goiânia (Goiás, Brasil) desde la preescolar hasta 4.º de primaria. Como instrumentos, además del Tafe, se utilizaron las tareas de Bloque de Corsi, el Test de los senderos A y B, el Test de los Senderos Preescolares, el Test de Stroop Preescolar y la Subprueba de Dígitos de la Escala Wechsler de Inteligencia. Se realizaron análisis estadísticos de Kruskal Wallis para verificar la validez por criterios de edad y análisis de correlación no-paramétrica de Spearman para evaluar la evidencia de validez convergente. Tafe demostró ser efectivo para discriminar entre diferentes grupos de edad, así es sensible al desarrollo de FE. Los resultados en Tafe se correlacionaron con los obtenidos en otras pruebas de FE, lo que muestra claros patrones de convergencia. Por tanto, el análisis aporta evidencias de validez para Tafe, derivadas de diferentes estrategias de investigación.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Cognition , Pliability , Inhibition, Psychological , Memory, Short-Term , Perception , Aptitude Tests , Play and Playthings , Play Therapy , Primary Health Care , Problem Solving , Psychological Phenomena , Psychological Tests , Psychology , Mental Recall , Recreation , Retention, Psychology , Attention , Schools , Auditory Perception , Social Adjustment , Social Support , Speech Perception , Stress, Psychological , Task Performance and Analysis , Technology , Therapeutics , Thinking , Wechsler Scales , Behavior , Behavioral Sciences , Neurosciences , Adaptation, Psychological , Child , Child Care , Child, Preschool , Environmental Monitoring , Organizations , Child Health , Cognitive Dissonance , Statistics, Nonparametric , Consciousness , Intuition , Neurobehavioral Manifestations , Behavioral Disciplines and Activities , Self Efficacy , Creativity , Recognition, Psychology , Personal Autonomy , Access to Information , Comprehension , Growth and Development , Discrimination, Psychological , Education , Emotions , Planning , Cerebrum , Resilience, Psychological , Executive Function , Stroop Test , Mindfulness , Spatial Memory , Self-Control , Metacognition , Wechsler Memory Scale , Memory and Learning Tests , Self-Management , Mentalization , Frustration , Systematic Review , Emotional Regulation , Multidimensional Scaling Analysis , Self-Testing , Functional Status , Social Interaction , Cognitive Training , Processing Speed , Psychological Growth , Higher Nervous Activity , Human Activities , Imagination , Language Development , Language Development Disorders , Learning , Mental Processes , Motor Activity , Neuropsychological Tests , Neuropsychology
2.
Psicol. ciênc. prof ; 43: e246224, 2023.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: biblio-1431120

ABSTRACT

O isolamento social provocado pela pandemia de covid-19 exigiu uma intensificação no estabelecimento de parâmetros para o trabalho do neuropsicólogo com suas especificidades. Assim, o objetivo deste artigo é levantar reflexões sobre a prática neuropsicológica infantil via internet baseada na nossa experiência prática vivenciada no período, relacionando com as referências teóricas da abordagem histórico-cutural e outros trabalhos que discorrem sobre as particularidades dessa modalidade de atendimento. Para isso, foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica em fontes reconhecidas, como SciELO e Google Acadêmico, utilizando-se marcadores como "neuropsicologia on-line" e "teleneuropsicologia", entre outros, em português, inglês e espanhol. Os trabalhos encontrados foram utilizados como fundamento para discutir as ideias aqui apresentadas, a partir da experiência dos autores durante esse período. Considera-se que os neuropsicólogos precisam enfrentar a possível necessidade do trabalho on-line, considerando que as situações vividas durante a pandemia tendem a aumentar a necessidade de avaliações e intervenções neuropsicológicas. Ao mesmo tempo, se prevê que essa via de trabalho deve se intensificar após o isolamento, dentro do que se tem denominado como "o novo normal". Para isso, é essencial que haja esforço por parte da comunidade neuropsicológica para mostrar como essa área de trabalho pode ser útil para crianças, seus pais e professores. Conclui-se que é preciso ter a noção de que nenhuma via ou metodologia de trabalho é absolutamente completa, sendo essencial a instrumentalização das vantagens e desvantagens de todas elas.(AU)


The social isolation caused by the COVID-19 pandemic demanded intensification in the establishment of parameters for the neuropsychologist's work with its specificities. Thus, the aim of this article is to raise reflections on child neuropsychological practice via the internet, based on our practical experience in this period, relating to the theoretical references of the cultural-historical approach and other works that discuss the particularities of this type of care. For this, a bibliographic research was carried out in recognized sources such as SciELO and Google Scholar, using markers such as "online neuropsychology" and teleneuropsychology, among others, in Portuguese, English and Spanish. The works found were used as a basis for discussing the ideas presented here which are based on the authors' experience during this period. It is considered that neuropsychologists need to face the possible need for online work, considering that situations experienced during the pandemic tend to increase the need for neuropsychological assessments and interventions. At the same time, it is expected that this work path should intensify after isolation, within of what has been called "the new normal". For this, an effort by the neuropsychological community is essential to show how this area of work can be useful for children, their parents and teachers. It is concluded that it is necessary to have the notion that no way or work methodology is absolutely complete, being essential the instrumentalization of the advantages and disadvantages of all of them.(AU)


El aislamiento social provocado por la pandemia de Covid-19 exigió una intensificación en el establecimiento de parámetros para el trabajo del neuropsicólogo con sus especificidades. Así, el objetivo de este artículo es plantear reflexiones sobre la práctica neuropsicológica infantil a través de internet, a partir de nuestra experiencia práctica en este período, en relación con los referentes teóricos del enfoque histórico-cultural y otros trabajos que discuten las particularidades de este tipo de cuidado. Para esto, se realizó una investigación bibliográfica en fuentes reconocidas como SciELO y Google Académico, utilizando marcadores como "neuropsicología en línea" y teleneuropsicología, entre otros, en portugués, inglés y español. Los trabajos encontrados sirvieron de base para discutir las ideas aquí presentadas a partir de la experiencia de los autores durante este período. Se considera que los neuropsicólogos necesitan enfrentar la posible necesidad de trabajo en línea, considerando que las situaciones vividas durante la pandemia tienden a incrementar la necesidad de evaluaciones e intervenciones neuropsicológicas. Al mismo tiempo, se espera que esta vía de trabajo se intensifique después del aislamiento, dentro de lo que se ha denominado "la nueva normalidad". Para esto, un esfuerzo de la comunidad neuropsicológica es fundamental para mostrar cómo esta área de trabajo puede ser útil para los niños, sus padres y profesores. Se concluye que es necesario tener la noción de que ninguna vía o metodología de trabajo es absolutamente completa, siendo imprescindible la instrumentalización de las ventajas y desventajas de todas ellas.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Social Isolation , Online Systems , Remote Consultation , Culture , Internet-Based Intervention , History , Neuropsychology , Parent-Child Relations , Aptitude Tests , Practice, Psychological , Problem Solving , Psychological Tests , Psychology , Quality of Life , Attention , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity , Wechsler Scales , Behavior , Mainstreaming, Education , Adaptation, Psychological , Family , Child , Child Development , Child Language , Child, Preschool , Parenting , Cognition , Coronavirus Infections , Communication , Competency-Based Education , Compliance , Early Intervention, Educational , Neurobehavioral Manifestations , Recognition, Psychology , Dementia , Growth and Development , Videoconferencing , Evaluation of Research Programs and Tools , Cerebrum , Interdisciplinary Studies , Spatial Memory , Neurodevelopmental Disorders , Behavior Rating Scale , Patient Health Questionnaire , Memory and Learning Tests , Mental Status and Dementia Tests , Frontal Lobe , Egocentrism , Clinical Reasoning , COVID-19 , Cognitive Training , Family Support , Human Development , Information Services , Intelligence Tests , Language Development , Memory , Memory, Short-Term , Mental Processes , Neurologic Examination , Neuronal Plasticity , Neuropsychological Tests
3.
Psicol. ciênc. prof ; 43: e278403, 2023.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: biblio-1529212

ABSTRACT

A Comissão Consultiva em Avaliação Psicológica (CCAP) do Conselho Federal de Psicologia (CFP), em seu 20º aniversário, vem discutir os possíveis efeitos, ainda efetivamente desconhecidos, da Ação Direta de Inconstitucionalidade (ADI) 3481, instruída no Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF), a qual desestruturou o modo como os testes psicológicos eram comercializados no Brasil. A livre comercialização de testes psicológicos coloca em risco a segurança de avaliações psicológicas e cabe à categoria profissional pensar estratégias de enfrentamento desses riscos. Neste artigo, são discutidos possíveis efeitos da ADI 3481 para a categoria profissional da psicologia, bem como para a sociedade em geral, e são também elencadas possíveis estratégias de enfrentamento desses riscos, sem desconsiderar aspectos éticos relacionados a eles. Dessa forma, busca-se neste manuscrito, além da problematização dos efeitos derivados da ADI 3481, pensar soluções ou alternativas que venham a redirecionar a trajetória da área da avaliação psicológica no Brasil. Com isso, abre-se um espaço de discussão e encaminhamentos que a categoria profissional precisará tomar nos próximos anos.(AU)


The Advisory Commission for Psychological Assessment of the Federal Council of Psychology discusses, on its 20th anniversary, the possible and still effectively unknown effects of the Direct Action of Unconstitutionality (DAU) 3481, following the Supreme Federal Court, which interrupted how psychological tests were marketed in Brazil. The free trade of psychological tests puts the safety of psychological assessments at risk, and this professional category must think of strategies to face these risks. This study discusses the possible effects of DAU 3481 for professional psychology and for society in general, listing possible strategies for coping with these risks without disregarding its ethical aspects. Thus, this study seeks to problematize the effects derived from DAU 3481 and think of solutions or alternatives that may redirect the trajectory of the field of psychological assessment in Brazil, thus opening a space for discussion and referrals professional psychology will require in the coming years.(AU)


La Comisión Consultiva en Evaluación Psicológica (CCEP) del Consejo Federal de Psicología (CFP), en su 20.º aniversario, propone discutir los posibles efectos aún efectivamente desconocidos de la Acción Directa de Inconstitucionalidad (ADI) 3481, determinada por el Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF), por la cual trastornó la forma de comercializar las pruebas psicológicas en Brasil. La comercialización sin restricciones de las pruebas psicológicas pone en riesgo la seguridad de las evaluaciones psicológicas, y le corresponde a la categoría profesional pensar estrategias para enfrentar estos riesgos. En este artículo se discuten los posibles efectos de la ADI 3481 para la categoría profesional de la Psicología, así como para la sociedad en general, pero también se enumeran posibles estrategias para el enfrentamiento de estos riesgos, sin descuidar los aspectos éticos relacionados con ellos. Así, este manuscrito busca, además de problematizar los efectos derivados de la ADI 3481, pensar en soluciones o alternativas que puedan reconducir la trayectoria del campo de la evaluación psicológica en Brasil. Esto abre un espacio de discusión y derivaciones que la categoría profesional deberá tomar en los próximos años.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Psychological Tests , Psychology , Social Justice , Aptitude Tests , Politics , Poverty , Problem Solving , Professional Practice , Quality of Health Care , Safety , Social Control, Formal , Social Sciences , Societies , Specialty Boards , Systems Analysis , Teaching , Therapeutics , Choice Behavior , Mental Health , Control Groups , Reproducibility of Results , Health Status Indicators , Databases, Bibliographic , Decision Support Techniques , Investigative Techniques , Health Strategies , Civil Rights , Negotiating , Mental Competency , Clinical Competence , Disabled Persons , Total Quality Management , Collective Bargaining , Commerce , Communication , Confidentiality , Impacts of Polution on Health , Knowledge , Behavioral Disciplines and Activities , Decision Support Systems, Clinical , Handbook , Credentialing , Health Risk , Access to Information , Decision Making , Uncertainty , Government Regulation , Law Enforcement , Diagnosis , Employee Discipline , Equipment and Supplies , Disease Prevention , Ethics , Ethics, Professional , Professional Training , Data Accuracy , Ecological Momentary Assessment , Mentoring , Access to Essential Medicines and Health Technologies , Freedom , Health Occupations , Health Services Accessibility , Jurisprudence , Licensure , Methods
4.
Psicol. ciênc. prof ; 43: e278525, 2023.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: biblio-1529222

ABSTRACT

O Sistema de Avaliação de Testes Psicológicos (SATEPSI) recebeu notoriedade entre brasileiros e estrangeiros por oferecer um complexo sistema de qualificação dos testes psicológicos, pouco visto em âmbito mundial. Sua elaboração dependeu de uma autarquia, que o financiou, normatizou e o mantém, mas também de pesquisadores docentes de avaliação psicológica, que trouxeram a expertise da área para que houvesse o pleno estabelecimento de seus parâmetros. Passadas duas décadas de seu lançamento, o SATEPSI foi tema de artigos, capítulos, lives e diálogos digitais, nos quais foram destaque, de modo geral, as Resoluções do Conselho Federal de Psicologia, que o normatiza, e seus impactos para a área de avaliação psicológica - como, por exemplo, o aumento do número de pesquisas e de testes brasileiros qualificados. O que se pretende neste artigo é mencionar sua construção, à luz dos autores que vivenciaram o SATEPSI em funções e tempos distintos. Atenção especial será dada aos Métodos Projetivos, cuja história ainda é pouco revelada.(AU)


The system to evaluate psychological tests (Satepsi) received notoriety among Brazilians and foreigners for offering a complex system of qualification of psychological tests, which is rarely seen worldwide. Its development depended on an autarchy (which financed, standardized, and maintains it) and on researchers teaching psychological assessment, who brought their expertise to the area so its parameters could be fully established. After two decades of its launch, Satepsi was the subject of articles, chapters, lives, and digital dialogues, which usually highlighted the Resolutions of the Federal Council of Psychology that normatize psychological evaluation and their impacts, such as the increase in the number of qualified Brazilian tests. This study aims to mention its construction in the light of the authors who experienced Satepsi in different functions and times, giving special attention to Projective Methods, whose history remains to be shown.(AU)


El Sistema de Evaluación de Tests Psicológicos (SATEPSI) ganó notoriedad entre los brasileños y los extranjeros por ofrecer un complejo sistema de calificación de los tests psicológicos, poco frecuente a nivel mundial. Su elaboración dependió de una autarquía, que lo financió, lo estandarizó y lo mantiene, pero también de investigadores docentes de evaluación psicológica, que trajeron la experiencia del área para que hubiera el pleno establecimiento de sus parámetros. Tras dos décadas de su lanzamiento, SATEPSI fue tema de artículos, capítulos, en directo y diálogos digitales, en los cuales destacaron, de modo general, las Resoluciones del Consejo Federal de Psicología que lo normatiza y sus impactos para el área de evaluación psicológica, como el aumento del número de investigaciones y de pruebas brasileñas calificadas. Lo que se pretende en este artículo es mencionar su construcción, a la luz de los autores que vivieron el SATEPSI en funciones y tiempos distintos. Se prestará especial atención a los métodos proyectivos cuya historia aún no se ha revelado.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale , Psychological Tests , Psychometrics , Reference Standards , Reproducibility of Results , Personality Assessment , Personality Tests , Aptitude Tests , Professional Competence , Professional Practice , Psychoanalytic Interpretation , Psychology , Safety , Audiovisual Aids , Self-Evaluation Programs , Social Control, Formal , Societies , Students , Vocational Guidance , Behavior , Professional Review Organizations , Body Image , Computer Systems , Mental Health , Efficacy , Surveys and Questionnaires , Data Interpretation, Statistical , Liability, Legal , Treatment Outcome , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Total Quality Management , Commerce , Lecture , Behavioral Disciplines and Activities , Internet , Credentialing , Musculoskeletal Manipulations , Diagnosis , Employee Performance Appraisal , Science, Technology and Society , Ethics , Professional Training , Courses , Evaluation Studies as Topic , Expert Testimony , Self Report , Test Taking Skills , Quality Improvement , Pandemics , Social Skills , Data Accuracy , Behavior Rating Scale , Work Engagement , Internet Access , Web Archives as Topic , Internet-Based Intervention , Teleworking , COVID-19 , Psychological Well-Being , Human Rights , Intelligence , Intelligence Tests , Manuals as Topic , Neuropsychological Tests
5.
Psicol. ciênc. prof ; 41(spe1): e252456, 2021.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: biblio-1287662

ABSTRACT

Resumo Trata-se de um estudo teórico que aborda a avaliação psicológica no contexto de avaliações compulsórias, tanto em concurso público quanto para posse ou porte de arma de fogo. São apresentados os maiores desafios da área, a partir do histórico e da exposição de alguns dos problemas enfrentados na prática, diante das diferentes normativas que regulam este contexto. Na avaliação psicológica em concursos, ressalta-se como um dos maiores desafios a forte influência do poder judiciário nos últimos 60 anos, que inclui a definição ou restrição de procedimentos na atuação do profissional. Quanto à avaliação para porte de arma de fogo, discutem-se as diversas mudanças que ocorreram nos últimos anos e suas implicações. O texto incentiva os profissionais que atuam na área a refletir sobre as consequências sociais que o resultado dessa avaliação pode trazer. No Brasil, as pesquisas realizadas no contexto de avaliação psicológica compulsória ainda são escassas, o que mostra a necessidade de estudos que contribuam para melhoria nesse campo de atuação. É necessário compreender, inclusive, os impactos que a publicação de normativas e a qualidade da atuação dos profissionais podem provocar, bem como seus efeitos sobre a sociedade como um todo.


Abstract This theoretical study addresses psychological assessment in the context of compulsory exams for civil service entrance examination and firearms licenses. By presenting the history and some issues related to regulations, this article presents the greatest challenges in the area of compulsory exams. When it comes to procurement exams, a major challenge accounts for the strong influence of the judiciary over the past 60 years, defining or restricting procedures in professional performance. As for firearms license exams, the article expatiates on several changes that have occurred in recent years, as well as their implications. The text encourages professionals working in the field to reflect upon the social consequences of this assessment results. Studies on compulsory psychological assessment are still scarce in the Brazilian literature, indicating the need for research to improve this field of action. Moreover, one should also consider the impacts of regulations and quality professionals on these assessments and on society as a whole.


Resumen Este estudio teórico aborda la evaluación psicológica en el contexto de las evaluaciones obligatorias tanto en concurso público como por posesión o portación de armas de fuego. Se presentan los mayores desafíos del área a partir de la historia y de algunos de los problemas que se enfrentan en la práctica, dadas las diferentes normativas que regulan este contexto. En el contexto de la evaluación psicológica en los concursos públicos, uno de los mayores desafíos es la fuerte influencia del Poder Judicial en los últimos 60 años, que incluye la definición o restricción de procedimientos en el desempeño del profesional. En cuanto a la evaluación para portación de arma de fuego, se discuten los distintos cambios que se han producido en los últimos años y sus implicaciones. El texto anima a los profesionales que trabajan en el área a reflexionar sobre las consecuencias sociales que puede traer el resultado de esta evaluación. En Brasil, la investigación realizada en el contexto de la evaluación psicológica obligatoria es aún escasa, lo que muestra la necesidad de estudios que contribuyan a la mejora en este campo de acción. Incluso es necesario comprender los impactos que puede causar la publicación de normativas y la calidad del desempeño de los profesionales, así como sus efectos en la sociedad en su conjunto.


Subject(s)
Humans , Professional Competence , Psychological Tests , Firearms , Mandatory Testing , Government Employees , Aptitude , Aptitude Tests , Psychology , Public Administration , Public Health , Public Sector , Credentialing , Judiciary , Job Description
6.
Int. j. odontostomatol. (Print) ; 14(3): 417-423, 2020. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1114916

ABSTRACT

El Rendimiento Académico es un concepto multifactorial en el que inciden aspectos internos, como las características propias del estudiante, y externos como el tipo de diseño curricular de cada institución. El propósito de este trabajo fue mejorar la disposición de recursos de apoyo educativo en estudiantes en riesgo de reprobación, con el objeto de elevar la calidad de la formación profesional de los odontólogos de la Universidad de La Frontera, identificando aquellos factores del Perfil de Ingreso que influyen en el Rendimiento Académico durante los primeros tres años de la carrera. Estudio cuantitativo observacional analítico con diseño de Cohorte Retrospectiva, la población fueron 222 estudiantes de odontología de las cohortes 2014, 2015 y 2016. Las variables estudiadas fueron promedio de PSU, promedio NEM, promedio Ranking, género, ascendencia mapuche, región de procedencia, establecimiento de procedencia (según tipo de establecimiento y régimen educativo) y quintil de ingreso. Se obtuvo que el promedio PSU solo influye en el primer semestre de la carrera (p=0,000); el promedio NEM presentó una correlación positiva en el quinto (p=0,002) y sexto semestre (p=0,048); el promedio Ranking mostró una correlación positiva en el quinto semestre (p=0,005); las diferencias por género fueron estadísticamente significativas del tercer semestre al sexto (p=0,012; p=0,041; p=0,000; p=0,006 respectivamente); según tipo de establecimiento las diferencias son estadísticamente significativas en los dos primeros semestres (p=0,009; p=0,020) y en el cuarto (p=0,038) y quinto semestre (p=0,011); existe diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre los establecimientos Particulares Subvencionado y los Municipales en el Área de Ciencias Básicas (p=0,010); la región de procedencia, el quintil de ingreso y la ascendencia mapuche no tiene incidencia en el RA. Valor de p < 0,05 umbral para la significancia estadística.


Academic Performance is a multifactorial concept in which internal factors, such as the student's personal characteristics, and external elements, such as the curricular design of each educational institution, come into play. The purpose of this essay was to improve the resources of educational support for students at risk of failure, in order to strengthen the quality of the professional training of dentists at Universidad de la Frontera, identifying key factors in Applicant's Profiles that affect Academic Performance during the first three years of studies. Analytic quantitative observational study with Retrospective Cohort design, the population consisted of 222 Dentistry students of 2014, 2015, and 2016 cohorts. The analyzed variables were the scholastic aptitude test (PSU) average, NEM average, class ranking average, sex, Mapuche ethnicity, region of provenance, establishment of origin (according to type of establishment and educational regime) and income quintile. Results showed that PSU scores only affect the first semester of studies (p=0,000); NEM score presented a positive correlation in the fifth (p=0,002) and sixth semester (p=0,048); class ranking showed a positive correlation in fifth semester (p=0,005); sex differences were statistically significant from the third until the sixth semester (p=0,012; p=0,041; p=0,000; p=0,006 respectively); differences in the type of establishments are statistically significant in the first two semesters (p=0,009; p=0,020) and in the fourth (p=0,038) and fifth semesters (p=0,011); there exists statistically significant differences between Private Subsidized schools, and municipal schools in the area of Basic Sciences (p=0,010); the region of provenance, the income quintile and Mapuche ethnicity do not impact the RA. A p < 0,05 threshold for statistical significance.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Students, Dental/psychology , Education, Dental/statistics & numerical data , Academic Performance/statistics & numerical data , Aptitude Tests , Schools, Dental , Indians, South American , Chile , Retrospective Studies , Analysis of Variance , Curriculum , Income
7.
Int. j. odontostomatol. (Print) ; 13(1): 69-74, mar. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-990067

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT: Clinical motor skills are essential to train dental students. There is evidence that imagery serves to acquire and improve motor skills, since imagining an action, activates the same neural areas as when this is physically performed. The aim of this pilot randomized clinical trial was to examine the feasibility of tridimensional visualization associated with mental imagery on the development of fine motor skills of dental students compared to conventional training. Seventeen dental students without previous preclinical experiences, between 18-25 years old were recruited. After giving a theoretical lecture on the inlay preparation, participants were randomly allocated in two groups. The Experimental Group (N=9) performed daily 30 minutes of "mental practice" after visualizing a video showing the execution of an ideal inlay preparation alternating it with black screen periods to facilitate the imagery. The Control Group (N= 8) performed a 30 minutes "hands on practice" daily of the same preparation. On the fifth day, both groups carried out an inlay preparation physically, which was scanned and overlapped to the virtual preparation to assess accuracy. The execution time and accuracy of the preparation performed with regard to an ideal preparation were compared between groups. The learning style and fine motor skills at baseline were similar in all participants (P>0.001). No statistically significant differences were found between the groups in terms of accuracy. The time of execution in the experimental group was significantly lower than the control group. This pilot study showed that visualization associated to mental imagery could develop fine motor skills in dental students, requiring less execution time than physical practice.


RESUMEN: Las habilidades motoras clínicas son esenciales para entrenar a los estudiantes de odontología. Existe evidencia que la imaginería sirve para adquirir y mejorar las habilidades motoras, ya que al imaginar una acción, se activan las mismas áreas neuronales que cuando la acción se realiza físicamente. El objetivo de este ensayo clínico aleatorizado piloto fue examinar la factibilidad del uso de visualización tridimensional asociada con imaginería para el desarrollo de las habilidades motoras finas en estudiantes de odontología comparado con el entrenamiento convencional. Se reclutaron diecisiete estudiantes de odontología, entre 18-25 años de edad, sin experiencias preclínicas previas. Después de recibir una clase teórica sobre la preparación de una incrustación, los participantes fueron asignados aleatoriamente a dos grupos. El grupo experimental (N = 9) realizó diariamente 30 minutos de "práctica mental" después de visualizar un video que muestra la ejecución de una preparación de incrustación ideal alternando con períodos de pantalla negra para facilitar la imaginación. El grupo de control (N = 8) realizó una práctica diaria de 30 minutos de la misma preparación. El quinto día, ambos grupos llevaron a cabo físicamente una preparación de incrustación, que fue escaneada y esta imagen se superpuso a la preparación virtual ideal para evaluar la precisión. El tiempo de ejecución y la precisión de la preparación realizada con respecto a una preparación ideal se compararon entre ambos grupos. El estilo de aprendizaje y las habilidades motoras finas al inicio del estudio fueron similares en todos los participantes (P > 0,001). No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los grupos en términos de precisión. El tiempo de ejecución en el grupo experimental fue significativamente menor que en el grupo control. Este estudio piloto mostró que la visualización asociada a imaginería podría desarrollar habilidades motoras finas en estudiantes de odontología, requiriendo menos tiempo de ejecución que la práctica física.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Students, Dental/psychology , Education, Dental , Motor Skills/physiology , Aptitude Tests , Software Design , Single-Blind Method , Pilot Projects , Statistics, Nonparametric , Imaging, Three-Dimensional , Simulation Training , Learning
8.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-759899

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to determine whether there is any change in the empathy scores of third-year medical graduate students after they have taken a clerkship and have begun gaining more opportunities to meet patients through the clerkship. METHODS: The participants were 109 third-year students in 2014 and 110 fourth-year students in 2015 at Kyungpook National University, School of Medicine. The author measured empathy using a modified and expanded version of the Korean version of the Jefferson Scale of Empathy of Physician Empathy-Student version and used the Holland-III aptitude test-S to assess vocational aptitude. RESULTS: As a results, male students in their third year exhibited higher scores, but there was no significant difference in the fourth year. The empathy score increased slightly when third-year students became fourth-year students, but the difference was not statistically significant. There was no statistically significant change in the scores of both male and female students between the 2 years. The results of the vocational aptitude test showed that students who preferred person-oriented specialties had higher empathy scores when they entered their fourth academic year compared to objectively-oriented students. CONCLUSION: In this study, male students showed higher empathy scores than female students, an atypical finding that was inconsistent with the results of previous studies. However, the distribution of scores among male students was wider than that of female students, a finding consistent with previous studies. As such, individual differences need to be considered when developing curriculum in order to improve the empathy of medical students.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Aptitude Tests , Aptitude , Curriculum , Empathy , Individuality , Students, Medical
9.
Rev. Costarric. psicol ; 37(1): 77-88, ene.-jun. 2018. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: biblio-1091942

ABSTRACT

Resumen La premisa de este estudio consiste en que un modelo cognitivo permite a las personas mejorar el desempeño en la resolución de preguntas de una prueba estandarizada donde el uso de estrategias tiene un papel crucial. El propósito de la investigación fue validar un modelo cognitivo con cuatro estrategias definidas por jueces expertos con base en los procesos de respuesta que subyacen a ítems de la Prueba de Aptitud Académica de la Universidad de Costa Rica (UCR). Se realizaron ocho en trevistas semiestructuradas a estudiantes de la UCR, quienes estaban cursando el primer año en esta institución y se aplicaron las técnicas de reporte verbal para obtener evidencias de los procesos de respuesta de los ítems. Se analizaron los reportes para comprobar la correspondencia entre el marco de las estrategias definidas previamente por jueces expertos y las respuestas dadas por los participan tes. Los resultados indicaron que los participantes siguieron las estrategias propuestas para la solu ción de las situaciones planteadas por los jueces; por tanto, los ítems son indicadores de los procesos subyacentes a estas estrategias. Estos hallazgos abren la posibilidad de implementar investigaciones con atributos presentes en cada estrategia propuesta de este estudio, que posibiliten predecir las pun tuaciones de la prueba en el rendimiento académico en la UCR


Abstract The premise of this study is that a cognitive model can increase students' performance for solving items on a stan dardized test, where strategies play a crucial role. The purpose of the study is to validate a cognitive model with four strategies defined by expert judges based on the response processes that underlie the items of the University of Costa Rica (UCR) Academic Aptitude Test. Eight semi-structured interviews were conducted with first-year students at UCR and the techniques of verbal reporting were applied to gather evidence of the items' response processes. The reports were analyzed to verify the correspondence between the framework of the strategies pre viously defined by expert judges and the answers given by the participants. In light of the results, it was concluded that the participants followed the proposed strategies for solving the situations posed, and, therefore, the items are indicators of the processes underlying these strategies. The results open the possibility of implementing research with attributes present in each strategy proposed in this study, which will allow predicting test scores in academic performance at the UCR.


Subject(s)
Aptitude Tests , Cognition , Educational Measurement , Students , Costa Rica , Academic Performance/analysis , Mathematical Concepts
10.
Arq. bras. psicol. (Rio J. 2003) ; 70(1): 128-145, jan./mar. 2018.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: biblio-912375

ABSTRACT

A investigação da criatividade vem sendo, historicamente, marcada por questionamentos acerca da possibilidade de sua medida. Com o objetivo de discutir questões referentes à avaliação desse construto, seus benefícios, métodos mais comumente utilizados (formal, informal, qualitativo, quantitativo, objetivo e subjetivo), aspectos envolvidos (cognitivos, conativos, emocionais, ambientais, performance criativa) e instrumentos disponíveis no Brasil, o texto foi elaborado. Traz ainda algumas recomendações para a área. Apresenta argumentos que defendem a possibilidade de avaliar a criatividade de forma válida e precisa, por meio de diferentes métodos e técnicas, a fim de que seus vários componentes possam ser abrangidos, concluindo acerca da necessidade de que a avaliação seja vista como um processo, sujeito a influência dos padrões e valores culturais


The investigation of creativity has been, historically, marked by questions about the possibility of its measurement. This paper was elaborated in order to discuss issues related to the evaluation of this construct, its benefits, methods (formal, informal, qualitative, quantitative, objective and subjective), and aspects involved (cognitive, conative, emotional, environmental, creative performance). The manuscript still brings some recommendations for the area. It presents arguments that support the possibility of creativity assessment in a valid and precise way, through different methods and techniques, so that its various components can be covered, concluding about the need for evaluation to be seen as a process, subject to the influence of cultural standards and values


La investigación de la creatividad viene siendo históricamente marcada por cuestionamientos acerca de la posibilidad de su medida. Con el objetivo de discutir cuestiones referentes a la evaluación de ese constructo, sus beneficios, métodos más comúnmente utilizados (formal, informal, cualitativo, cuantitativo, objetivo y subjetivo), aspectos involucrados (cognitivos, conativos, emocionales, ambientales, desempeño creativo) e instrumentos disponibles en Brasil, el texto todavía trae algunas recomendaciones para el área. Se presentan argumentos que defienden la posibilidad de evaluar la creatividad de forma válida y precisa, por medio de diferentes métodos y técnicas, a fin de que sus diversos componentes puedan ser cubiertos, concluyendo acerca de la necesidad de que la evaluación sea vista como un proceso, sujeto la influencia de los patrones y valores culturales


Subject(s)
Humans , Creativity , Psychological Tests , Aptitude , Aptitude Tests
11.
Article in Korean | WPRIM | ID: wpr-766654

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: A rate of traffic accidents by elderly drivers increased by 70% between 2011 and 2015 in Korea. Elderly drivers with cognitive impairment are more susceptible to be involved traffic accidents than cognitively normal individuals. This study aimed to evaluate the correlation of driving-related cognition and cognitive impairment in drivers over the age of 60 using the standardized program developed by the Road Traffic Authority (RTA). METHODS: Current drivers older than 60 years were recruited for the study. All participants were tested using the Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE), Rey Complex Figure Test (RCFT)-copy, and Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST) for cognitive function assessments. The driving aptitude test (DAT) for the elderly developed by RTA consists of 4 different tasks including speed and distance driving tests (SD), visuospatial memory driving tests (VM), sustained attention driving tests (SA), and divided attention driving tests (DA). The participants were divided into two groups by their MMSE score (normal cognition, CN; cognitive impairment, CI). RESULTS: One hundred fourteen participants were enrolled in the study and 57 of them were assigned to the CI group. In comparison, drivers in CI showed worse scores at DSST, SD, VM, and DA than those in CN. DSST and DA were worsened with increasing age. DSST was the best predictive assessment to be the risk or caution grade in DAT. CONCLUSIONS: We could find a correlation between DAT and cognitive function in drivers over the age 60. These results could be used as the basis of investigating optimal tools for decreasing driving risks in the cognitive impaired elderly.


Subject(s)
Aged , Humans , Accidents, Traffic , Aptitude Tests , Cognition Disorders , Cognition , Korea , Memory
12.
Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences. 2018; 34 (1): 3-4
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-170980
14.
Rev. bras. cir. plást ; 32(4): 541-549, out.-dez. 2017. tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-878774

ABSTRACT

Introdução: Agravo de grande importância biopsicossocial, queimadura é um tema crucial na formação médica, uma vez que recém-formados se deparam com pacientes que sofreram queimaduras nos mais variados cenários profissionais. Métodos: Este estudo avaliou o ensino e a aprendizagem do tema queimaduras em alunos do curso de Medicina de uma faculdade pública do Estado de São Paulo; foi aplicado um questionário específico para avaliar o conhecimento sobre o atendimento inicial ao paciente queimado na primeira série (grupo 1 - 54 estudantes), e na sexta série (grupo 2 - 60 estudantes). Resultados: Observou-se, no grupo 1, grande desconhecimento sobre o tema, com média geral de desconhecimento ("erros") de 70,98% e de acertos de 29,02%; no grupo 2, essas taxas foram de 36,66 % e 63,34 %, respectivamente. Somente 63,34% dos alunos do sexto ano conseguiriam conduzir adequadamente o tratamento de um paciente queimado e, consequentemente, oferecer a este paciente um melhor prognóstico. Conclusões: Os dados são preocupantes, uma vez que não se verificou conhecimento nem preparo adequados dos formandos para atendimento de pacientes queimados, e que queimaduras são situações de emergência que exigem intervenção médica rápida, adequada e eficiente, a fim de reduzir a morbimortalidade das vítimas.


Introduction: Burns, an injury of high biopsychosocial importance, are a crucial issue in medical training, and newly graduated students face burn patients in a variety of professional settings. Methods: This study assessed the teaching and learning of burns among medical students at a public facility in the State of São Paulo; a specific questionnaire was applied to evaluate first year (Group 1: 54 students) and sixth year (Group 2: 60 students) medical students' knowledge about the initial care of burn patients. Results: In Group 1, there was a substantial lack of knowledge about the subject, with a general average incorrect answer rate ("errors") of 70.98% and a correct answer rate of 29.02%; in Group 2, these rates were 36.66% and 63.34%, respectively. Only 63.34% of the sixth-year students would be able to adequately conduct the treatment of a burn patient, gauged by their ability to offer a patient a better prognosis. Conclusions: The data are disturbing, since adequate knowledge and preparation of the trainees for the care of burn patients has not been verified, and burns are emergency situations that require prompt, adequate, and efficient medical intervention to reduce patients' morbidity and mortality.


Subject(s)
Humans , History, 21st Century , Aptitude Tests , Burns , Evaluation Studies as Topic , Surveys and Questionnaires , Education, Medical , Educational Measurement , Emergency Medical Services , Health Sciences , Learning Curve , Aptitude Tests/standards , Evaluation Studies as Topic/methods , Surveys and Questionnaires/standards , Education, Medical/methods , Educational Measurement/methods , Emergency Medical Services/methods , Health Sciences/education
15.
Subj. procesos cogn ; 21(2): 42-58, 2017.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-909728

ABSTRACT

El objetivo del este trabajo fue presentar un instrumento, la Batería de Habilidades Matemáticas Básicas (ad hoc), diseñado y validado para medir un conjunto amplio de habilidades matemáticas básicas en niños de 4 a 6 años y detectar posibles alteraciones de la función matemática de forma previa al ingreso del niño a la educación formal. Para ello se describió el desempeño en habilidades matemáticas básicas en niños de 4 años evaluados a partir de este instrumento. Adicionalmente, se analizó el grado de asociación entre el conocimiento de numerales arábigos y la discriminación de cantidades, y el valor predictivo de estas variables sobre la resolución de problemas aritméticos. Se observó que, si bien la comprensión y uso de arábigos y la discriminación de cantidades no se asocian entre sí, ambas predicen una habilidad matemática más compleja como la resolución de problemas aritméticos. (AU)


The aim of this study was to present an instrument, the Basic Mathematical Skills Battery (ad hoc), designed and validated to measure a broad set of basic mathematical skills in children of 4 to 6 years of age, and to detect possible alterations of the mathematical function prior to the child's entry into formal education. For this purpose, we assessed the performance of 4-year-olds with this instrument. Additionally, we analyzed the degree of association between the knowledge of Arabic numerals and the discrimination of quantities, and the predictive value of these variables on the resolution of arithmetic problems. We observed that, although the understanding and use of Arabic numerals and the discrimination of quantities are not associated with each other, both predict a more complex mathematical ability like the resolution of arithmetic problems. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Aptitude , Aptitude Tests , Child, Preschool , Mathematics
16.
Liberabit ; 22(1): 21-29, ene.-jun.2016. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, LIPECS | ID: lil-790689

ABSTRACT

La habilidad de estimar y discriminar cantidades es de aparición temprana en el desarrollo y previa a la adquisición de un sistema numérico simbólico. El rendimiento en tareas de discriminación está modulado por la razón numérica que diferencia los conjuntos, de forma tal que razones más pequeñas resultan en comparaciones más lentas y menos efectivas. El objetivo del presente trabajo es analizar la precisión y velocidad con que niños de 4 y 6 años discriminan entre dos cantidades en función de la razón numérica que las diferencia. Método: se administró una tarea de discriminación no simbólica de cantidades (ad hoc) a 60 niños de 4 y 6 años de edad de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Se realizó un ANOVA de diseño mixto para analizar la cantidad de aciertos y los tiempos de reacción (TR) en función de la edad y la razón numérica que diferencia los conjuntos. Se utilizó la prueba de contraste de Bonferroni para detectar las diferencias en aciertos y TR entre cada razón. Resultados: (a) Los niños de 6 años mostraron TR más pequeños y mayor cantidad de aciertos que los niños de 4 años. Esto sugiere que la discriminación de cantidades atraviesa un proceso de desarrollo evolutivo. (b) Cuanto mayor fue la razón numérica en la diferenciación de los conjuntos, más efectiva fue la discriminación. Esto sugiere que la razón modula el rendimiento, independientemente de la edad del sujeto...


The ability to estimate and discriminate quantities is of early onset in the development and prior to the acquisition of a symbolic numerical system. The performance on tasks of discrimination is modulated by the number ratio that differentiates the sets, so that smaller reasons result in slower and less effective comparisons. The objective of the present study is to analyze the precision and speed by which 4 and 6 year old children discriminate between two quantities based on the number ratio that distinguishes them. Method: a discrimination task of non-symbolic quantities (ad hoc) was given to 60 children from 4 and 6 years old in the city of Buenos Aires, Argentina. A mixed ANOVA design was carried out to analyze the amount of hits and reaction times (RT) according to age, and the number ratio that differentiates the groups. The Bonferroni contrast test was used to detect the differences in hits and RT between each reasoning. Results: (a) children age 6 showed smaller RT and more hits than children age 4. This suggests that discrimination on the basis of quantities is undergoing a process of evolutionary development. (b) The greater the number ratio in the differentiation of the sets, the more effective the discrimination. This suggests that reason modulates performance regardless of the age of the subject...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Mathematical Concepts , Discrimination, Psychological , Aptitude Tests
17.
Rev. Costarric. psicol ; 35(1): 23-36, ene.-jun. 2016. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1091930

ABSTRACT

Resumen: Los estándares actuales, para la evaluación de la calidad psicométrica de las pruebas psicológicas y educativas, estipulan que una de las evidencias requeridas que justifican las inferencias derivadas de la aplicación de un test se refiere a las estrategias para contestar a los ítems que lo componen. Por lo tanto, el objetivo del presente artículo se propone presentar los resultados de una investigación, que consistió en la ejecución de entrevistas semiestructuradas a un conjunto de 15 estudiantes universi tarios de primer ingreso, cuyos reportes orales fueron analizados con el objetivo de fundamentar un conjunto de estrategias para contestar los ítems verbales de la Prueba de Aptitud Académica de la Universidad de Costa Rica, que habían sido identificadas previamente. Los resultados indican que efectivamente los participantes emplearon las estrategias propuestas, lo cual constituye una eviden cia de gran importancia sobre las habilidades de razonamiento que se miden con los ítems verbales de la Prueba de Aptitud Académica. Finalmente, se concluye con una discusión sobre los resultados acerca de la utilidad de los autorreportes verbales que recaban evidencias de validez para un test y sobre futuras investigaciones en esta línea.


Abstract: Current standards for assessing the psychometric quality of psychological and educational tests stip ulate that one indication required to justify the inferences derived from the application of a test are those related to answering strategies for the test items. Thus, this article presents the results of a study that involved the execution of semi-structured interviews with a group of 15 college freshmen, whose oral reports were analyzed to provide support for a set of strategies to answer previously identified verbal items from the "Academic Aptitude Test" (Prueba de Aptitud Académica) at the Universidad de Costa Rica. The results indicate that participants actually used the proposed strategies, which is important evidence about the reasoning skills measured by the Prueba de Aptitud Académica verbal items. Finally, we conclude with a discussion of the results, the usefulness of verbal self-reports to gather evidence for test validity and future research along these lines.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Aptitude Tests , Universities , Verbal Behavior , College Admission Test , Reading , Students , Costa Rica , Comprehension
18.
Edumecentro ; 7(4): 42-55, oct.-dic. 2015. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-760956

ABSTRACT

Fundamento: la calidad en la confección de los temarios de exámenes es un eslabón esencial en el sistema de evaluación en ciencias médicas. Objetivo: valorar metodológicamente los temarios de exámenes finales de las asignaturas propias de la carrera de Medicina en la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de Cienfuegos. Método: se realizó una investigación observacional, descriptiva y transversal en los cursos 2012-2013 y 2013-2014, de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas "Dr. Raúl Dorticós Torrado", en la que se incluyeron 29 asignaturas propias de la carrera de Medicina. Se utilizaron los métodos teóricos de análisis-síntesis e inducción-deducción, y la revisión documental (temarios de exámenes) como método empírico. Se revisaron dos temarios por asignatura, seleccionados al azar. Se contrastaron los objetivos y habilidades declarados en los programas con los contenidos de los exámenes. Resultados: el patrón más generalizado fue abordar un tema por pregunta, el formato más utilizado fue el de ensayo de respuestas cortas. En 49 temarios las raíces de las preguntas estaban correctamente elaboradas; en 30 de ellos la redacción de los ítems y formatos de las preguntas eran adecuadas y las escalas de calificación también. El error más frecuente fue la indicación de tareas imprecisas en preguntas de ensayo modificado. La mayoría de las interrogantes demandaban respuestas reproductivas. Conclusiones: de forma general, los temarios están confeccionados adecuadamente, aunque aún se observaron desaciertos en la elaboración de preguntas y escalas de calificación. El predominio de preguntas con respuestas reproductivas limita la validez conceptual.


Background: the quality in the elaboration of exam sets is an essential aspect in the assessment system in medical sciences. Objective: to value the final exam sets of the core subjects of the Medicine career in Cienfuegos Medical Sciences faculty according to methodology. Methods: it was carried out an observational, descriptive and cross-sectional investigation in the academic years 2012-2013 and 2013-2014, in "MD. Raúl Dorticós Torrado", Medical Sciences Faculty in which 29 core subjects of the Medicine career were included. Theoretical methods were used: analysis and synthesis and induction-deduction, and the documental review of exam sets was used as empiric method. Two exam sets were revised per subject, selected at random. The objectives and abilities declared in the syllabuses were contrasted with the contents of the exams. Results: the most widespread pattern was to approach a topic per question; the used format was that of short answers. In 49 exam sets the questions were correctly elaborated; in 30 of them the writing of the items and question formats were adequate and marking was also correct. The most frequent error was the indication of imprecise tasks in questions of modified trials. Most of the questions required a reproductive answer. Conclusions: in a general way, the exam sets were appropriately elaborated, even though, mistakes were observed in the elaboration of questions and marking. The prevalence of reproductive questions diminish the conceptual validity.


Subject(s)
Aptitude Tests , Examination Questions , Education, Medical , Educational Measurement
19.
Curitiba; s.n; 20151211. 148 p. ilus, tab, graf.
Thesis in Portuguese | BDENF, LILACS | ID: biblio-1037787

ABSTRACT

Trata-se de estudo quantitativo de corte transversal, cujo objetivo foi investigar a associação entre a condição de fragilidade física de idosos e a aptidão física e mental para a direção de veículos automotores. O estudo foi realizado nas clínicas de trânsito na cidade de Curitiba/PR. A escolha das clínicas ocorreu por sorteio e a inclusão delas no estudo foi vinculada a critérios determinados pelos pesquisadores. Estabeleceram-se os seguintes critérios de inclusão do idoso no estudo: ter idade igual ou superior a 60 anos; estar agendado para os testes de habilitação em uma das clínicas de realização da pesquisa e apresentar capacidade cognitiva e física para realização dos testes. A amostra foi constituída por 172 idosos durante o período amostral de 31 de janeiro de 2015 a 31 de julho de 2015, perfazendo seis meses de coleta de dados diários, em dias úteis. Os dados foram coletados por meio de instrumento estruturado, aplicação de escalas e realização de testes físicos, que compõem a avaliação da fragilidade física. Realizou-se a codificação e organização dos dados no programa computacional Excel® 2007 e no Statistical PacKage for Social Sciences (SPSS) versão 20.0, após a digitação com dupla checagem. Os dados foram analisados por meio de estatística descritiva, distribuição de frequência absoluta e percentual, média e desvio padrão, e análises univariadas por meio do teste de qui-quadrado e Cochran - houve significância estatística quando o valor de p<0,05 e análises multivariadas por regressão logística, com método forward stepwise, que resultou em modelos preditores de aptidão para direção veicular em idosos. Os resultados mostram idosos com idade média de 67,73 ± 6,55, sendo 70,67% do sexo masculino, e a distribuição dos grupos foi 0 (0%) para os frágeis, 97 (56,40%) pré-frágeis e 75 (43,60%) não frágeis. Houve associação significativa entre fragilidade física e o estado civil (p=0,0327), uso de bebidas alcóolicas (p=0,0417), quantidade de quilômetros rodados (p=0,0222), acidentes (p=0,0165) e às restrições impostas na carteira de habilitação (p=0,0313). Quanto ao resultado da habilitação veicular 43 (25%) eram aptos, 118 (68,60%) aptos com restrição e 11 (6,40%) inaptos temporários. Não houve associação estatística entre fragilidade física e o resultado final do teste de habilitação (p=0,8934). O modelo preditor de aptidão para direção veicular eleito para este estudo foi o Modelo 2, idade, estado civil, consumo de álcool e fragilidade. Embora a prevalência seja de idosos motoristas na faixa etária idoso-jovem, os dados mostram que 66% se encontram na condição de pré-fragilidade. Essa condição aponta para a importância de gestão da fragilidade física nesse grupo de motoristas, já que a gerência da mesma contribui para retardar e atenuar o declínio funcional e consequentemente para uma direção mais segura.


It is a quantitative cross-sectional study, which objective was to investigate the association between elderly physical frailty condition and the physical and mental fitness for driving motor vehicles. The study was conducted in the transit clinics in Curitiba / PR.The clinics were chosen at random, and its inclusion were based on established criteria. The elderly inclusion criteria in the study: the person must be 60 years of age or older; being scheduled for the rehab tests in one of the research performing clinics and present cognitive and physical abilities to perform the tests. The sample consisted of 172 elderly, in the sample period from 31 January 2015 to 31 July 2015, resulting six collecting months of daily data on weekdays. The data were collected through structured instruments, ranges application and physical tests, which compose the physical frailty evaluation. Held encoding and organization of data in computer program Excel® 2007 and the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0, after entering double check. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, distribution of absolute frequency and percentage, mean and standard deviation, and more univariate analysis using the chi-square test and Cochran considering the level of statistical significance p <0.05. The results show elderly people with an average age of 67.73 ± 6.55, and (70.67%) were male, and the distribution of the groups was 0 (0%) fragile, 97 (56.40%) pre-frail and 75 (43.60%) did not fragile. There was a significant association between physical frailty and marital status (p = 0.0327), use of alcohol (p = 0.0417), number of kilometers traveled (p = 0.0222), accidents (p = 0.0165) and restrictions imposed in the license (p = 0.0313). As the result of vehicular license 43 (25%) were able 118 (68.60%) fit with restraint and 11 (6.40%) temporary unfit. There was no statistical association between physical fragility and the outcome of the license test (p = 0.8934). The fitness predictive model for vehicular direction chosen for this study was the Model 2, age, marital status , alcohol consumption and fragility. Although the prevalence of elderly drivers in the older-younger age group, the data show that 66% is in pre-fragility condition. This condition points to the indispensability of management of physical frailty in this group of drivers, as its management contributes to delay and mitigate the functional decline and consequently to a safer direction.


Se trata de un estudio transversal cuantitativo cuyo objetivo fue investigar la asociación entre la condición de fragilidad física y de la aptitud física y mental para la conducción de vehículos de motor de las personas mayores. El estudio se llevó a cabo en las clínicas de tránsito en Curitiba / PR. La elección de las clínicas fue por sorteo, y su inclusión vinculada a los criterios establecidos. Los criterios de inclusión de las personas mayores en el estudio: edad de 60 años o mayor; estar agendada para los exámenes de calificación en una de las clínicas de investigaciones y presentar capacidades cognitivas y físicas para tomar el examen. La muestra tuvo 172 personas mayores, el período de la muestra fue a partir de 31/01/2015 hasta 31/07/2015, haciendo colecta de datos diarios por seis meses de lunes a viernes. Los datos fueron recolectados a través de un instrumento estructurado, campos de aplicación y la realización de los exámenes físicos que componen la evaluación de la fragilidad física. La codificación y organización de los datos fueron realizadas en el programa Excel 2007 y en el paquete estadístico para Ciencias Sociales (SPSS) versión 20.0, después de hacer doble control. Los datos fueron analizados mediante estadística descriptiva, distribución de frecuencia y porcentaje absoluto, media y desviación estándar, y análisis más invariado mediante la prueba de chi cuadrado y Cochran considerando el nivel de significación estadística p <0,05. Los resultados muestran las personas mayores con una edad media de 67,73 ± 6,55, y (70.67%) fueron de sexo masculino, y la distribución de los grupos de 0 (0%) frágil, 97 (56,40%) pre-frágiles y 75 (43,60%) no lo hicieron frágil. Se observó una asociación significativa entre la fragilidad física y estado civil (p = 0,0327), el uso de alcohol (p = 0,0417), el número de kilómetros recorridos (p = 0,0222), accidentes (p = 0,0165) y las restricciones impuestas en la licencia (p = 0,0313). Como resultado de la licencia vehicular 43 (25%) fueron capaces 118 (68,60%) en forma con moderación y 11 (6,40%) temporal no aptos. No hubo asociación estadística entre la fragilidad física y los resultados de la prueba de licencia (p = 0,8934). El modelo de predicción de la aptitud para la dirección vehicular elegido para este estudio fue el Modelo 2, edad, estado civil , el consumo de alcohol y la fragilidad. Aunque haya prevalencia de los conductores de edad avanzada en el grupo de jóvenes y adultos, los datos muestran que 66% se encuentra en estado de pre-fragilidad. Esta condición indica un carácter indispensable de la gestión de la fragilidad física en este grupo de conductores, ya que su gestión contribuye a retrasar y mitigar el declive funcional y por lo tanto a una dirección segura.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Automobile Driver Examination , Frailty , Physical Fitness , Automobile Driving , Aged , Frail Elderly , Aptitude Tests
20.
Rev. méd. hered ; 26(3): 186-189, jul.-sept.2015. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS, LIPECS | ID: lil-781616

ABSTRACT

Los médicos ocupacionales determinan la aptitud laboral de los trabajadores a partir de la realización o revisión de los exámenes médicos ocupacionales para las empresas. Actualmente, el resultado en términos de aptitud está basado más en el sentido común que en el razonamiento científico. Ello debido a la falta de difusión adecuada de los derechos de las personas, a la incipiente aplicación de la Medicina basada en evidencia en la Medicina Ocupacional y del Medio Ambiente, a la falta de una valoración de las capacidades funcionales del trabajador según lo riesgos del trabajo (profesiogramas) y a la diversidad de criterios empresariales, entre otras. Por lo tanto, es necesario una secuencia de criterios asociados a la legislación, a los clínicos ocupacionales, la evaluación del puesto de trabajo y las decisiones empresariales para asegurar la construcción del sustento para una decisión que puede afectar el futuro laboral de las personas. Si bien es cierto, los próximos protocolos o documentos técnicos asociados a la vigilancia de la salud de los trabajadores ayudarán a mitigar la actual situación, la decisión de brindar aptitud laboral siempre será consecuencia del análisis integral de los criterios propuestos...


Occupational physicians determine the fitness for work through occupational medical evaluations. Currently, the results are based more on common sense than decisions by scientific methodology. It is due inadequate diffusion of Human Rights, the emerging evidence-based medicine applied to the Occupational Medicine and Environment, the acknowledgment of assessment of the functional capacity of workers and workplace hazards and the business decisions, among others. Therefore, we propose a sequence associated with the legislation, the occupational based in clinical evidence, the assessment of risk at the workplace and the business decisions to support the medical decision that can affect the future employment of people...


Subject(s)
Humans , Medical Examination , Occupational Medicine , Occupational Health Physicians , Aptitude Tests
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