ABSTRACT
Objetivo: verificar as competências e habilidades da equipe de enfermagem na mensuração da pressão arterial. Método: estudo observacional e quantitativo. A amostra foi de 34 profissionais de enfermagem (17 enfermeiros e 17 técnicos de enfermagem) de um hospital de pequeno porte no segundo semestre de 2021. Os dados foram coletados através de um checklistvalidado, aplicando adequado e inadequado de acordo com a execução da técnica, os dados foram tabulados no programa Microsoft Excel. Resultados: quanto aosenfermeiros, nenhum mediu a circunferência do braço, selecionou manguito adequado ou estimou a pressão sistólica e apenas 6,8% palparam a artéria braquial. Quanto aos técnicos de enfermagem, nenhum mediu a circunferência do braço ou estimou a pressão sistólica, apenas 5,8% selecionaram o manguito adequado e 17,6% palparam a artéria braquial. Conclusões: os profissionais de enfermagem tiveram dificuldades na execução da técnica de mensuração da pressão arterial, denotando a necessidade de educação permanente.
Objective: to verify the skills and abilities of the nursing team in measuring blood pressure. Method: observational and quantitative study. The sample consisted of 34 nursing professionals (17 nurses and 17 nursing technicians) from a small hospital in the second half of 2021. Data were collected using a validated checklist, with appropriate and inadequate classifications based on the execution of the technique. The data were then tabulated in the Microsoft Excel program.Results: regarding the nurses, none measured the arm circumference, selected an appropriate cuff, or estimated the systolic pressure, and only 6.8% palpated the brachial artery. As for the nursing technicians, none of them measured the arm circumference or estimated the systolic pressure, only 5.8% selected the appropriate cuff, and 17.6% palpated the brachial artery. Conclusions: nursing professionals encountered difficulties in performing the blood pressure measurement technique, indicating the need for ongoing education.
Objetivo:verificar las habilidades y habilidades del equipo de enfermería en la medición de la presión arterial. Método:estudio observacional y cuantitativo. La muestra fue de 34 profesionales de enfermería (17 enfermeros y 17 técnicos de enfermería) de un pequeño hospital en el segundo semestre de 2021. Los datos se recolectaron mediante una lista de verificación validada, aplicando apropiado e inadecuado según al ejecutar la técnica, los datos fueron tabulados. Resultados:ninguno enfermero midió la circunferencia del brazo, seleccionó un manguito adecuado, ni estimó la presión sistólica y sólo el 6,8% palpó la arteria humeral. En cuanto a los técnicos de enfermería, ninguno midió la circunferencia del brazo ni estimó la presión sistólica, sólo el 5,8% seleccionóel manguito adecuado y el 17,6% palpó la arteria braquial. Conclusiones:los profesionales de enfermería tuvieron dificultades en la realización de la medición de presión arterial, denotando la necesidad de educación continua.
Subject(s)
Arterial Pressure , Professional Competence , Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory , Nurse Practitioners , Nursing CareABSTRACT
INTRODUCCIÓN: La Enfermedad de Cushing es una de las causas menos prevalentes de hipertensión arterial secundaria (HTA) (0,7 a 2,4 casos por millón de personas), sin embargo conlleva un aumento de la morbi-mortalidad que se relaciona con el tiempo de exposición al exceso de corticoides 6, lo cual representa un problema debido a que la inespecificidad de los síntomas y su baja prevalencia, llevan a un retraso diagnóstico de 2 a 4 años 6, generando un incremento del riesgo cardiovascular pese a una resolución completa de la enfermedad 6-9. Este artículo tiene como objetivo describir la presentación clínica de la Enfermedad de Cushing como causa de HTA secundaria. CASO CLÍNICO: Paciente femenina de 36 años con HTA de 7 años de evolución, a quien se identificó adenoma hipofisario productor de ACTH, con posterior exéresis transesfenoidal parcial, presentando enfermedad persistente, en quien se optó manejo farmacológico a base de inhibidor de la esteroidogénesis para control de la enfermedad. DISCUSIÓN: La HTA es un problema de salud pública considerado el principal factor de riesgo para discapacidad y muerte prematura 2, con las causas secundarias como responsables de gran afectación en la calidad de vida, tomando en cuenta que estas son potencialmente curables. El manejo de la enfermedad de Cushing (EC) es principalmente quirúrgico 6,13-14, pero en caso de enfermedad persistente existen alternativas para control de la enfermedad 6,15-16, siendo los fármacos inhibidores de la esteroidogénesis los más usados. CONCLUSIONES: La EC es una causa poco frecuente hipertensión arterial secundaria, pero implica un importante compromiso de la calidad de vida, al igual que otras etiologías secundarias, por lo que es fundamental tener en cuenta las características clínicas y bioquímicas que sugieran una etiología secundaria que lleven a un diagnóstico y tratamiento oportunos.
INTRODUCTION: Cushing's Disease is one of the least prevalent causes of secondary hypertension (0.7 to 2.4 cases per million people), however it entails an increase in morbidity and mortality that is related to the chronic exposure of corticosteroids 6, which represents a problem because the no specificity of the symptoms and their low prevalence lead to a diagnostic delay of 2 to 4 years 6, increasing the cardiovascular risk despite complete resolution of the disease 6 -9. The purpose of this article aims to describe the clinical presentation of Cushing Disease (CD) as a cause of secondary hypertension. CLINICAL CASE: 36-year-old female patient with hypertension of 7 years of evolution, in whom an ACTH-producing pituitary adenoma was identified, with subsequent partial transsphenoidal excision, presenting persistent disease, in whom pharmacological management based on a steroidogenesis inhibitor was chosen. for disease control. DISCUSSION: Hypertension is a public health problem, considered the main risk factor for disability and premature death 2, with secondary causes responsible for great impact on quality of life, considering that these are potentially curative. The management of CD is mainly surgical 6,13-14, but in cases of persistent disease there are alternatives to control the disease 6,15-16, with steroidogenesis inhibitor drugs being the most used. CONCLUSIONS: CD is a rare cause of secondary hypertension, but it implies a significant compromise in quality of life, like other secondary etiologies, so it is essential to consider the clinical and biochemical characteristics that suggest a secondary etiology, which can lead to timely diagnosis and treatment.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Pituitary-Adrenal System , Cushing Syndrome , Pituitary ACTH Hypersecretion , ACTH-Secreting Pituitary Adenoma , Arterial Pressure , Hypertension , Quality of Life , Indicators of Morbidity and Mortality , Ecuador , Disease Prevention , Steroidogenic Factor 1 , Heart Disease Risk FactorsABSTRACT
Objetivo: Analisar as evidências científicas a respeito da utilização de tecnologias em saúde para a assistência de enfermagem às pessoas com hipertensão arterial sistêmica. Métodos: Revisão integrativa, realizada nas bases de dados Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde, National Library of Medicine, Scopus, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Web of Science e Excerpta Medica Database, em julho de 2020, com o corpus de 21 artigos. Resultados: A maioria das tecnologias foi desenvolvida em formato digital e utilizada, principalmente, para a realização de orientações, envolvendo comportamentos saudáveis para o controle dos níveis pressóricos, além de tecnologias direcionadas para a verificação da pressão arterial e para o atendimento do enfermeiro às pessoas com hipertensão arterial sistêmica. Conclusão: As tecnologias utilizadas consideraram o âmbito educacional ou assistencial e contribuíram para a assistência de enfermagem à pessoa com hipertensão arterial sistêmica. (AU)
Objective: To analyze the scientific evidence regarding the use of health technologies for nursing care for people with systemic arterial hypertension. Methods: Integrative review, carried out in the databases of Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences, National Library of Medicine, Scopus, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Web of Science e Excerpta Medica Database, in July 2020, with a corpus of 21 articles. Results: Most of the technologies were developed in digital format and used mainly to carry out guidelines, involving healthy behaviors for the control of blood pressure levels, in addition to technologies aimed at checking blood pressure and, for the attendance of nurses to people with systemic arterial hypertension. Conclusion: The technologies used considered the educational or care scope and contributed to nursing care to people with systemic arterial hypertension. (AU)
Objetivo: Analizar la evidencia científica sobre el uso de tecnologías de la salud para el cuidado de enfermería con personas con hipertensión arterial sistémica. Métodos: Revisión integrativa, realizada en las bases de datos de Literatura Latinoamericana y del Caribe en Ciencias de la Salud, National Library of Medicine, Scopus, CINAHL, Web of Science y Embase, en julio de 2020, con um corpus de 21 artículos. Resultados: La mayoría de las tecnologías fue desarrollado en formato digital y se utilizaron principalmente para la realización de orientación, involucrando comportamientos saludables para el control de los niveles de presión arterial, además de tecnologías dirigidas al control de la presión arterial y, para la atención de enfermeros a personas con hipertensión arterial sistémica. Conclusión: Las tecnologías utilizadas consideraron el alcance educativo o asistenciales y contribuyeron a la atención de enfermería a personas con hipertensión arterial sistémica. (AU)
Subject(s)
Nursing , Technology , Review , Arterial Pressure , HypertensionABSTRACT
Introducción. Las alteraciones en la calidad y la duración del sueño son factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de hipertensión arterial sistémica en los países orientales. Sin embargo, hay pocos estudios de los países de Latinoamérica para investigar esta asociación. Objetivo. Analizar la asociación entre la calidad y la duración del sueño, y la incidencia de hipertensión arterial sistémica en población colombiana. Materiales y métodos. Se llevó a cabo un estudio observacional, longitudinal, prospectivo y analítico, anidado en la cohorte de base poblacional INEFAC, desarrollado con participantes mayores de 18 años de Bucaramanga (Colombia). El sueño se evaluó mediante el índice de calidad del sueño de Pittsburgh y, su duración, mediante preguntas estandarizadas. Se realizó un análisis multivariado con modelos de regresión logística ajustados por las posibles variables de confusión. Resultados. Se incluyeron 1.306 participantes no hipertensos con edad media de 40 ± 12 años. El 92,8 % de la población presentaba algún problema del sueño, el 45,15 % dormía 6 horas o menos y el 28,6 % dormía 8 horas o más. El análisis multivariado mostró un mayor riesgo de hipertensión en los participantes con diabetes (OR = 5,27) (IC95%: 2,27-12,26), obesidad (OR = 2,81) (IC95%: 1,11-7,13), tabaquismo activo (OR = 2,02) (IC95%: 1,01-4,04) y mayor estrato socioeconómico (OR = 4,94) (IC95%: 1,59-15,38 para estrato 4), pero no se encontró un mayor riesgo en los participantes con mala calidad o poca duración del sueño. Conclusiones. No se demostró asociación alguna entre la duración o la calidad del sueño y la incidencia de hipertensión arterial sistémica en población colombiana. Se requieren más estudios en esta población para llegar a conclusiones definitivas.
Introduction. Alterations in the quality and duration of sleep are risk factors for the development of arterial hypertension in Eastern countries. However, in Latin America there are few studies researching this association. Objective. To analyze the association between the quality and duration of sleep and the rate of arterial hypertension in a Colombian population. Materials and methods. An observational, longitudinal, prospective and analytical study nested in the INEFAC population-based cohort, was conducted with participants over 18 years of age from Bucaramanga (Colombia). Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Sleep duration was assessed using standardized questions. Multivariate analysis was performed with logistic regression models adjusted for possible confounding variables. Results. A total of 1,306 non-hypertensive participants with a mean age of 40 ± 12 years were included. In this population, 92.8% had one or more sleep issues. 45.15% slept 6 hours or less and 28.6% slept 8 hours or more. Multivariate analysis showed a higher risk of hypertension in participants with diabetes (OR = 5.27; 95% CI: 2.27-12.26), obesity (OR = 2.81; 95% CI: 1.11-7.13), active smoking (OR = 2.02; 95% CI: 1.01-4.04) and higher socioeconomic level (OR = 4.94; 95% CI: 1.59-15.38 for level 4), but no higher risk was found in participants with poor sleep quality or short sleep duration. Conclusions. No association was found between the duration or quality of sleep and the rate of arterial hypertension in the Colombian population. More studies are required in this population to reach definitive conclusions.
Subject(s)
Humans , Sleep Medicine Specialty , Sleep Hygiene , Hypertension , Sleep Wake Disorders , Arterial PressureABSTRACT
Introducción: El edema agudo del pulmón es una enfermedad frecuente en los pacientes que se presentan en los servicios de urgencias. Objetivo: Caracterizar a los pacientes con edema agudo del pulmón en el servicio de urgencias. Método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal en 37 pacientes con edema agudo del pulmón, que asistieron al cuerpo de guardia del Hospital Clinicoquirúrgico Docente Dr. Joaquín Castillo Duany de Santiago de Cuba, desde enero a noviembre de 2019. Las variables estudiadas fueron edad, sexo, estado al egreso y uso de la ventilación no invasiva. Resultados: No hubo diferencias entre ambos sexos, predominaron los mayores de 60 años, que padecían de hipertensión arterial. Se comprobó el poco uso de la ventilación no invasiva o invasiva. Conclusiones: El edema agudo del pulmón es más frecuente en pacientes mayores de 60 años, sin distinción de sexo. La mayoría lo presenta relacionado con la hipertensión arterial y existe un escaso uso de la ventilación no invasiva en estos casos.
Introduction: Acute pulmonary edema is a frequent disease among patients in emergency services. Objective: To characterize patients with acute pulmonary edema who attended the emergency services. Methods: A descriptive and cross-sectional study of 37 patients with acute pulmonary edema who attended the emergency services of Dr. Joaquín Castillo Duany Teaching Clinical Surgical Hospital in Santiago de Cuba was carried out, from January to November 2019. The studied variables were age, sex, alive or dead when discharged, noninvasive ventilation usage. Results: There were no differences between the sexes; there was a prevalence of patients older than 60 years of age, who suffered from hypertension. It was demonstrated low noninvasive or invasive ventilation usage. Conclusions: Acute pulmonary edema is more frequent among patients older than 60 years of age in both sexes. Most of the patients suffered from hypertension and there was a deficit in the implementation of noninvasive ventilation in these cases.
Subject(s)
Pulmonary Edema , Emergencies , Pulmonary Ventilation , Noninvasive Ventilation , Arterial Pressure , HypertensionABSTRACT
Based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement (PRISMA), a systematic review with metanalysis was conducted to identify and summarize the effects of school-based physical activity interventions that sought to control and / or reduce blood pressure (systolic and diastolic) in children and / or adolescents with overweight and / or obesity. In September 2022, potential studies were searched in five electronic databases (Pubmed, Scielo, Scopus, Sportdiscus, and Web of Science) and in reference lists. Randomized controlled trials conducted in schools with interventions involving physical activity and assessment of systolic and diastolic blood pressure in children and adolescents aged 6 to 19 years with overweight and / or obesity were con-sidered for synthesis. The risk of bias was assessed using an adapted version of the Effective Public Health Practice Project tool (EPHPP). Metanalysis was developed from the random model. Four studies were included. For systolic blood pressure, a summary effect of -0.10 (95% CI: -0.39; 0.19; I2 = 0%) was observed. For diastolic pressure, the metanalysis indicated -0.33 (95% CI: -0.62; -0.04; I2 = 11%). Considering the promising effects on diastolic blood pressure, we suggest the develop-ment of more school-based interventions based on physical activity practice for overweight and / or obese populations, which may also add environmental elements, longer duration, multicomponent approaches, and parent / guardian involvement to their strategies.
Com base na declaração Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), foi realizada uma revisão sistemática com metanálise para identificar e sumarizar os efeitos de intervenções escolar baseadas na atividade física que buscaram o controle e / ou redução da pressão arterial (sistólica e diastólica) em crianças e / ou adolescentes com excesso de peso e / ou obesidade. Em setembro de 2022, estudos potenciais foram pesquisados em cinco bases de dados eletrônicas (Pubmed, Scielo, Scopus, Sportdiscus, e Web of Science) e em listas de referências. Foram considerados para a síntese ensaios controlados randomizados realizados em escolas, com intervenções que envolviam a atividade física e avaliação da pressão arterial sistólica e diastólica em crianças e adolescentes dos 6 aos 19 anos com excesso de peso e/ ou obesidade. O risco de viés foi avaliado utilizando uma versão adaptada do instrumento Effective Public Health Practice Project (EPHPP). A metanálise foi elaborada a partir do modelo randômico. Foram incluídos quatro estudos. Para a pressão arterial sistólica, observou-se um efeito sumarizado de -0,10 (IC 95%: -0,39; 0,19; I2 = 0%). Para a pressão diastólica, a metanálise indicou -0,33 (IC 95%: -0,62; -0,04; I2 = 11%). Considerando os efeitos promissores na pressão arterial diastólica, sugerimos o desenvolvimento de mais intervenções escola-res fundamentadas na prática de atividade física às populações com sobrepeso e / ou obesidade, que possam agregar também, em suas estratégias, elementos ambientais, maior duração, abordagens multicomponentes e envolvimento dos pais / responsáveis.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Child , Arterial Pressure , Obesity , Physical Education and Training , Schools , OverweightABSTRACT
Objective: To analyze hemodynamic parameters, kidney and cognitive function, and physical performance of institutionalized older adults with high- and low-strength. Method: Cross-sectional study. Twenty-one older adults (11 women, 10 men) participated in this study. Blood samples were collected for analysis of biochemical parameters. Cognitive function was evaluated using the mini-mental state examination (MMSE), clock drawing test (CDT), and verbal fluency test, while physical performance was assessed using the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) and, blood pressure, heart rate, and Framingham Risk Score were evaluated. Result: Based on the median value, participants were divided into low-strength (81.63 ± 3.03 years) and high-strength (82.10 ± 2.11 years). The high-strength group showed significantly lower systolic (138.8 ± 3.6 vs. 116.5 ± 3.1; p<0.05), diastolic (84.9 ± 2.14 vs. 72.9 ± 2.2; p<0.05), mean blood pressure (102.2 ± 2.4 vs. 87.4 ± 2.4; p<0.05), and cardiovascular risk (39.7 ± 4.6 vs. 26.0 ± 3.5; p<0.05) than the low-strength group. In addition, the high-strength group had better HDL-c levels (27.4 ± 1.7 vs. 35.6 ± 3.4; p<0.05), higher estimated glomerular filtration rate (51.5 ± 4.9 vs. 86.2 ± 5.5; p<0.05), and lower creatinine (0.94 ± 0.1 vs 0.57 ± 0.1; p<0.05) than the low-strength group. For cognitive data (MMSE and CDT p<0.05) and physical performance (semi-tandem, tandem and walking speed p<0.05), the high-strength group had better scores compared to the low-strength group. Conclusion: Institutionalized older adults with high-strength has better hemodynamic parameters, physical performance, kidney and cognitive function than those with low-strength levels
Objetivo: Analisar os parâmetros hemodinâmicos, a função física, cognitiva e renal de idosos institucionalizados com alta e baixa força. Método: Estudo transversal. Vinte e um idosos (11 mulheres, 10 homens) participaram do estudo. Foram coletadas amostras de sangue para análise de parâmetros bioquímicos. A função cognitiva foi avaliada por meio do miniexame do estado mental (MEEM), do teste de desenho do relógio (TDR) e do teste de fluência verbal, enquanto o desempenho físico foi avaliado por meio da Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) e foram aferidas a pressão arterial, a frequência cardíaca e o escore de risco de Framingham. Resultado: Com base no valor da mediana, os participantes foram divididos em baixa força (81,63 ± 3,03 anos) e alta força (82,10 ± 2,11 anos). O grupo de alta força apresentou pressão arterial sistólica (138,8 ± 3,6 vs. 116,5 ± 3,1; p<0,05), diastólica (84,9 ± 2,14 vs. 72,9 ± 2,2; p<0,05), média (102,2 ± 2,4 vs. 87,4 ± 2,4; p<0,05) e risco cardiovascular (39,7 ± 4,6 vs. 26,0 ± 3,5; p<0,05) significativamente menores do que o grupo de baixa força. Além disso, o grupo de alta força apresentou melhores níveis de HDL-c (27,4 ± 1,7 vs. 35,6 ± 3,4; p<0,05), maior taxa de filtração glomerular estimada (51,5 ± 4,9 vs. 86,2 ± 5,5; p<0,05) e menor creatinina (0,94 ± 0,1 vs. 0,57 ± 0,1; p<0,05) do que o grupo de baixa força. Em relação aos dados cognitivos (MEEM e TDR, p<0,05) e ao desempenho físico (semi-tandem, tandem e velocidade de caminhada, p<0,05), o grupo de alta força apresentou melhores escores em comparação com o grupo de baixa força. Conclusão: Os idosos institucionalizados com altos níveis de força têm melhores parâmetros hemodinâmicos, desempenho físico, função renal e cognitiva do que aqueles com baixos níveis de força.PALAVRAS-CHAVEAvaliação GeriátricaCardiovascularDesempenho CognitivoFunção RenalForça Muscular
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Cognition , Arterial Pressure , Heart Disease Risk Factors , Glomerular Filtration Rate , Nursing Homes , Physics , Reference Standards , Women , Blood Pressure , Cumulative Trauma Disorders , Risk , Risk Factors , Creatinine , Muscle Strength , Walking Speed , Mental Status and Dementia Tests , Physical Functional Performance , Heart Rate , Hemodynamics , Kidney , Cholesterol, HDL , Men , MethodsABSTRACT
Introducción. La vitamina B12 incidiría sobre la presión arterial mediante mecanismos hormonales y metabólicos. Objetivo. Analizar la relación entre las concentraciones de vitamina B12 y la presión arterial en adultos. Materiales y Métodos. Estudio observacional, analítico, retrospectivo y transversal, proveniente de una base de datos abierta conformada por 4154 personas de una comunidad mexicana atendida en un establecimiento de salud. Las variables fueron: sexo, vitamina B12 y presión arterial sistólica. Se utilizó las pruebas Ji-cuadrado y prueba t de student. Resultados.los promedios de vitamina B12 fueron menores en presencia de presión arterial igual o mayor a 130 mmHg (hombres:217,12 pg/ml; mujeres204,51 pg/ml) respecto a cuándo se comparó con niveles de presión arterial sistólica entre 90 a 129 mmHg (hombres; 266,98 pg/ml; mujeres: 205,18 og/ml). La correlación entre vitamina B12 y presión arterial fue baja y negativa en hombres (Rho=-0,022; p=0,018), mujeres (Rho=-0,182; p<0,001) y en ambos grupos en conjunto (Rho=-0,171; p<0,001).Conclusión. Los adultos hipertensos tienen menores promedios de vitamina B12 que los normotensos. Asimismo, la vitamina B12 se correlaciona de forma débil y negativa con la presión arterial. Los niveles normales de vitamina B12 con tendencia hacia los limites bajos podrían ser uno de los muchos factores que inciden en la fisiopatología temprana de la hipertensión arterial. Palabras clave: vitamina B 12; presión arterial; estudio observacional; modelos lineales; correlación de datos
Introduction. Vitamin B12 would affect blood pressure through hormonal and metabolic mechanisms.Objective. To analyze the relationship between vitamin B12 concentrations and blood pressure in adults.Materials and Methods. Observational, analytical, retrospective and cross-sectional study, from an open database made up of 4,154 people from a Mexican community served in a health facility. The variables were: sex, vitamin B12 and systolic blood pressure. The Chi-square test and student's t test were used.Results. the averages of vitamin B12 were lower in the presence of blood pressure equal to or greater than 130 mmHg (men: 217.12 pg/ml; women 204.51 pg/ml) compared to when it was compared with systolic blood pressure levels between 90 at 129 mmHg (men; 266.98 pg/ml; women: 205.18 og/ml). The correlation between vitamin B12 and blood pressure was low and negative in men (Rho=-0.022; p=0.018), women (Rho=-0.182; p<0.001) and in both groups together (Rho=-0.171; p< 0.001). Conclusion. Hypertensive adults have lower averages of vitamin B12 than normotensive adults. Likewise, vitamin B12 is weakly and negatively correlated with blood pressure. Normal levels of vitamin B12 with a tendency towards low limits could be one of the many factors that influence the early pathophysiology of arterial hypertension. Key words:vitamin B12; arterial pressure; observational study; linear models; correlation of data
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Vitamin B 12 , Arterial Pressure , Linear Models , Observational Study , Correlation of DataABSTRACT
Introdução: A presente tese aborda a precisão e a aplicabilidade de diferentes dispositivos e métodos na medição da pressão arterial (PA) em crianças e adolescentes, além de investigar fatores de risco cardiovascular nessa população. Os estudos incluídos analisam desde a eficácia de monitores de PA, influências de fatores ambientais e de estilo de vida, até a utilização de algoritmos de machine learning para a predição de hipertensão e disparidades raciais. Objetivos: Avaliar a precisão de diferentes dispositivos de medição de PA em crianças e adolescentes. Analisar a prevalência de fatores de risco cardiovascular entre adolescentes brasileiros. Explorar o uso de machine learning na previsão de hipertensão infantil e identificar disparidades raciais nos algoritmos. Examinar a prevalência de pressão arterial elevada e suas associações com fatores ambientais e de estilo de vida em crianças da América do Sul. Métodos: A tese foi organizada como uma coletânea de cinco artigos científicos, seguindo as diretrizes do Regulamento do Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde Pública (2023). Cada artigo detalha individualmente os procedimentos, técnicas e análises utilizadas, proporcionando uma compreensão clara e aprofundada das contribuições específicas de cada parte desta coletânea científica. Conclusão: Os dispositivos automáticos oscilométricos são alternativas válidas aos esfigmomanômetros de mercúrio, especialmente em triagens de larga escala, desde que validados por protocolos internacionais. Fatores como vitamina D e atividade física são cruciais na regulação da PA em adolescentes. O uso de machine learning na saúde apresenta potencial, mas é necessário abordar os vieses raciais para garantir a equidade. A predição de hipertensão infantil com ML mostrou-se eficaz, destacando a importância de intervenções precoces. Fatores ambientais e de estilo de vida influenciam significativamente a PA em crianças sul-americanas, sugerindo que políticas de saúde pública focadas na melhoria do sono e ambientes escolares saudáveis podem mitigar a hipertensão infantil.
Introduction: This thesis addresses the accuracy and applicability of different devices and methods in measuring blood pressure (BP) in children and adolescents, as well as investigating cardiovascular risk factors in this population. The included studies analyze the effectiveness of BP monitors, the influences of environmental and lifestyle factors, and the use of machine learning algorithms for predicting hypertension and racial disparities. Objectives: To evaluate the accuracy of different BP measurement devices in children and adolescents.To analyze the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors among Brazilian adolescents.To explore the use of machine learning in predicting childhood hypertension and identifying racial disparities in algorithms.To examine the prevalence of elevated BP and its associations with environmental and lifestyle factors in South American children. Methods: The thesis is organized as a collection of five scientific articles, following the guidelines of the Public Health Graduate Program Regulations (2023). Each article individually details the procedures, techniques, and analyses used, providing a clear and in-depth understanding of the specific contributions of each part of this scientific collection. Conclusion: Automatic oscillometric devices are valid alternatives to mercury sphygmomanometers, especially in large-scale screenings, provided they are validated by international protocols. Factors such as vitamin D and physical activity are crucial in regulating BP in adolescents. The use of machine learning in health presents potential, but it is necessary to address racial biases to ensure equity. The prediction of childhood hypertension with ML has proven effective, highlighting the importance of early interventions. Environmental and lifestyle factors significantly influence BP in South American children, suggesting that public health policies focused on improving sleep quality and promoting healthy school environments can potentially mitigate childhood hypertension.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Public Health , Prevalence , Arterial Pressure , Machine Learning , Hypertension , Life StyleABSTRACT
Las enfermedades cardiovasculares (Cv), son las causantes de la mayor parte de fallecimientos, como consecuencia de dislipidemia y enfermedad renal crónica (ERC). En Ecuador uno de cada cinco individuos padece de hipertensión arterial, patología que está directamente relacionada con las enfermedades cardiovasculares y la enfermedad renal crónica. Objetivo. Caracterizar el perfil de riesgo cardiovascular en pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica y su asociación con la presencia de dislipidemia, atendidos en el Hospital Homero Castanier de la ciudad de Azogues, durante el periodo de enero a diciembre de 2021. Materiales y Métodos. Se llevó a cabo una investigación de diseño observacional, descriptivo y retrospectivo donde se analizaron 104 historias clínicas de pacientes, correspondientes al periodo comprendido entre enero y diciembre de 2021. Para el cálculo del riesgo cardiovascular se empleó la tabla de predicción del riesgo AMR-D de la Organización Mundial de la Salud/Sociedad Internacional de Hipertensión para el continente americano categoría D. Los datos fueron analizados en el programa SPSS, mediante estadística descriptiva e inferencial. Resultados. De los datos analizados de los 104 pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica el 44,2% presentaron dislipidemia, al mismo tiempo el 74% de los pacientes en estudio manifestaron un riesgo cardiovascular bajo, seguido del 13,5% con riesgo moderado; destacando entre las principales comorbilidades la hipertensión arterial y la diabetes mellitus. Conclusiones. Se caracterizó el riesgo cardiovascular de los pacientes con ERC atendidos en el Hospital Homero Castanier de la ciudad de Azogues en el periodo enero - diciembre 2021, encontrando una baja prevalencia de desarrollar riesgo cardiovascular.
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are responsible for most deaths as a consequence of dyslipidemia and chronic kidney disease (CKD). In Ecuador, one out of every five individuals suffers from arterial hypertension, a pathology that is directly related to cardiovascular diseases and chronic kidney disease. Objective. To characterize the cardiovascular risk profile in patients with chronic kidney disease and its association with the presence of dyslipidemia, attended at the Homero Castanier Hospital in the city of Azogues, during the period from January to December 2021. Materials and Methods. An observational, descriptive and retrospective research design was carried out in which 104 clinical histories of patients were analyzed, corresponding to the period between January and December 2021. The AMR-D risk prediction table of the World Health Organization/International Society of Hypertension for the Americas category D was used to calculate cardiovascular risk. The data were analyzed in the SPSS program, using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results. Of the data analyzed, 44.2% of the 104 patients with chronic kidney disease presented dyslipidemia; at the same time, 74% of the patients in the study showed low cardiovascular risk, followed by 13.5% with moderate risk, with arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus standing out among the main comorbidities. Conclusions. The cardiovascular risk of patients with CKD treated at the Homero Castanier Hospital in the city of Azogues during the period January-December 2021 was characterized, finding a low prevalence of developing cardiovascular risk.
As doenças cardiovasculares (DCV) são responsáveis pela maioria das mortes como consequência da dislipidemia e da doença renal crônica (DRC). No Equador, um em cada cinco indivíduos sofre de hipertensão arterial, uma patologia que está diretamente relacionada às doenças cardiovasculares e à doença renal crônica. Objetivo. Caracterizar o perfil de risco cardiovascular em pacientes com doença renal crônica e sua associação com a presença de dislipidemia, atendidos no Hospital Homero Castanier, na cidade de Azogues, durante o período de janeiro a dezembro de 2021. Materiais e métodos. Foi realizado um desenho de pesquisa observacional, descritivo e retrospectivo, no qual foram analisados 104 históricos clínicos de pacientes, correspondentes ao período entre janeiro e dezembro de 2021. A tabela de previsão de risco AMR-D da Organização Mundial da Saúde/Sociedade Internacional de Hipertensão para as Américas categoria D foi usada para calcular o risco cardiovascular. Os dados foram analisados no SPSS usando estatísticas descritivas e inferenciais. Resultados. Dos 104 pacientes com doença renal crônica, 44,2% apresentavam dislipidemia, enquanto 74% dos pacientes em estudo tinham baixo risco cardiovascular, seguidos por 13,5% com risco moderado; as principais comorbidades foram hipertensão e diabetes mellitus. Conclusões. Foi caracterizado o risco cardiovascular dos pacientes com DRC atendidos no Hospital Homero Castanier da cidade de Azogues no período de janeiro a dezembro de 2021, encontrando uma baixa prevalência de desenvolvimento de risco cardiovascular.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Dyslipidemias , Arterial Pressure , Anthropometry , Renal Insufficiency, ChronicABSTRACT
Este estudo analisou a relação entre indicadores de risco à saúde e as componentes do somatótipo consoante os níveis de atividade física em crianças. Trata-se de uma pesquisa epidemiológica de base escolar, composta por 168 crianças (6 a 11 anos) de ambos os sexos. Informações demográficas foram obtidas. Avaliações antropométricas (estatura; massa corporal; pregas de adiposidade subcutânea; perímetros do braço contraído, cintura, quadril e panturrilha), pressão arterial sistólica e diastólica, e atividade física (ativo; inativo) foram mensuradas. O somatótipo, razão cintura-quadril e razão cintura-estatura foram calculados. Análise de comparação, correlação e regressão linear múltipla foram realizadas, considerando intervalo de confiança de 95%. Meninos apresentaram maior número de passos, razão cintura-quadril e cintura-estatura. Crianças ativas eram mais velhas, possuíam maior perímetro de cintura, quadril e pressão arterial sistólica. No grupo fisicamente ativo, o sexo esteve associado diretamente ao perímetro de cintura e razão cintura-estatura, enquanto a idade associou-se com a perímetro de quadril e pressão arterial diastólica. Nas crianças inativas, todas as variáveis preditoras (exceto para a variável sexo em relação ao perímetro de quadril) mostraram-se significativas para o perímetro da cintura e quadril, explicando, conjuntamente, ~83% e 85% da expressão destas variáveis, respectivamente. A relação entre indicadores de risco à saúde e as componentes do somatótipo foi maior em crianças inativas. Independentemente do nível de atividade física, a endomorfia mostrou relação significativa com os componentes de saúde, com maior efeito no grupo inativo, tendo em vista a associação com a composição corporal dos sujeitos.
Este estudio analizó la relación entre indicadores de riesgo para la salud y los componentes del somatótipo según los niveles de actividad física en niños. Se trata de una investigación epidemiológica, compuesta por 168 niños (6 a 11 años) de ambos sexos. Fueron mensuradas: evaluaciones antropométricas (estatura; masa corporal; pliegues de adiposidad subcutánea; perímetros del brazo contraído, cintura, cuadril y pantorrilla), presión arterial sistólica y diastólica, y actividad física (activo/inactivo); el somatótipo, a través del cálculo de: razón cintura-cuadril y razón cintura-estatura. Se realizó el análisis de comparación, correlación y regresión lineal múltiple, considerando intervalo de confianza del 95%. Los niños presentaron mayor número de pasos, razón cintura-cuadril y cintura-estatura. Los niños activos eran mayores, tenían mayor perímetro de cintura, cuadril y presión arterial sistólica. En el grupo físicamente activo, el sexo estuvo asociado directamente al perímetro de cintura y razón cintura-estatura, mientras que la edad se asoció con el perímetro de cuadril y presión arterial diastólica. En los niños inactivos, todas las variables predictoras (excepto para la variable sexo con relación al perímetro de cuadril) se mostraron significativas para el perímetro de la cintura y cuadril, explicando, conjuntamente, ~83% y 85% de la expresión de estas variables, respectivamente. La relación entre indicadores de riesgo para la salud y los componentes del somatotipo fue mayor en niños inactivos. Independientemente del nivel de actividad física, la endomorfia mostró una relación significativa con los componentes de salud, con mayor efecto en el grupo inactivo, con vistas a la asociación con la composición corporal de los sujetos.
This study analysed the relationship between health risk indicators and somatotype components according to physical activity levels in children. This epidemiological and school-based research comprised 168 children of both sexes (56% boys), aged between 6 to 11 years. Demographic information (sex, age) was obtained. Anthropometric information (body height; body mass; contracted arm, waist, hip, and calf circumferences), body composition (subcutaneous adiposity and somatotype), systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and physical activity level (active; inactive) were measured. The waist-hip ratio and waist-to-height ratio were computed. Comparison, correlation, and multiple linear regression analysis were performed, considering 95% of the confidence interval. Boys presented higher values for physical activity, waist-hip, and waist-to-height ratio. Active children were older, had a larger waist and hip circumference, and higher systolic blood pressure. Among the active group, sex was associated with waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio, while age was associated with hip circumference and diastolic blood pressure. Among inactive children, all predictors (except for sex for hip circumference) were significantly associated with waist and hip circumferences, explaining ≅83% and 85% of the expression of these variables, respectively. The relationship between health risk indicators and somatotype components was higher among inactive children. Regardless of the physical activity level, the endomorphic component shows a significant relationship with health components, with a higher effect among the inactive group, considering the body composition association.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Somatotypes , Exercise , Cardiometabolic Risk Factors , Body Composition , Anthropometry , Risk Assessment , Arterial PressureABSTRACT
Un nuevo y sorprendente paradigma se ha conformado con la llegada de las "gliflozinas". Más allá de su acción antihiperglucémica, estos fármacos han impactado centralmente en la terapéutica de las alteraciones cardio-vásculo-reno-metabólicas responsables de las enfermedades más prevalentes que abordamos en la práctica clínica. Los inhibidores del cotransportador sodio glucosa tipo 2 (iSGLT-2) ayudan a controlar y reducir la progresión del daño de órgano blanco. En esta Toma de Posición, cuatro de las Sociedades Médicas vinculadas con estas temáticas acordaron plasmar el conocimiento de este esperanzador fenómeno generado por más de 7500 publicaciones difundidas en los últimos 10 años sobre el beneficio de las "gliflozinas". Decidimos revisar de manera rigurosa las evidencias experimentales y los múltiples trabajos controlados que muestran sus efectos metabólicos, vasculares, cardíacos, renales y también celulares, incluyendo aspectos no resueltos y advertencias acerca de las precauciones en su uso(AU)
A surprising new paradigm has been established with the advent of "gliflozins". Beyond their antihyperglycemic action, these drugs have significantly impacted the therapeutics of cardio-vascular-renal-metabolic disorders responsible for the most prevalent diseases we address in clinical practice. So-dium-glucose cotransporter type 2 (SGLT-2 i) inhibitors help control and reduce the progression of target organ damage.In this Statement of Position, four of the Medical Societies linked to these issues agreed to reflect the knowledge of this hopeful phenomenon generated by more than 7,500 publica-tions published in the last ten years on the benefit of "glifloz-ins". We decided to rigorously review the experimental evidence and the multiple controlled works showing its metabolic, vascular, cardiac, renal, and cellular effects, including unresolved aspects and warnings about the precautions in its use(AU)
Subject(s)
Kidney Diseases , Blood Pressure , Arterial Pressure , Heart Disease Risk Factors , Hypoglycemic AgentsABSTRACT
The purpose of this research was to compare the vital signs of ASA II patients undergoing dental implant surgery under intravenous anesthesia to those of ASA I patients. From a specialist course in Implant Dentistry, 41 medical records (22 ASA I and 19 ASA II patients) were analyzed. Age, gender, ASA classification, blood pressure, heart rate, and oxygen saturation were all measured. Pre-surgery, following the onset of local anesthetic, at the end of the initial implant insertion, and at the end of surgery were all used to collect vital signs. Student's t-test (p<0.05) was used to determine inter- and intra-group data associations. The crossing of operative moments pre-surgical and installation of the first implant in both systolic (p<=0.01) and diastolic (p<=0.03) pressure was statistically significant in ASA I patients. In contrast, there was only a statistical difference in the verification of peripheral oxygen saturation data at preoperative and local anesthesia times in ASA II patients (p<=0.04). When comparing the time of installation of the first implant (p<=0.03) and at the end of surgery (p<=0.02), with respect to systolic pressure, ASA II presented statistically higher, while variable oxygen saturation at the beginning of local anesthesia in ASA I was statistically higher (p<=0.04). It is proposed that intravenous sedation acts in a compensatory manner in patients with systemic disease, leading both groups' behavior to be similar.
El propósito de esta investigación fue comparar los signos vitales de pacientes ASA II sometidos a cirugía de implante dental bajo anestesia intravenosa con los de pacientes ASA I. Se analizaron 41 historias clínicas de un curso de especialista en Implantología (22 pacientes ASA I y 19 ASA II). Se midieron la edad, el sexo, la clasificación ASA, la presión arterial, la frecuencia cardíaca y la saturación de oxígeno. Se tomarn los signos vitales antes de la cirugía, después del inicio de la anestesia local, al final de la inserción inicial del implante y al final de la cirugía. Se utilizó la prueba t de Student (p<0,05) para determinar las asociaciones de datos entre e intragrupos. El cruce de los momentos operatorios prequirúrgicos y de instalación del primer implante tanto en la presión sistólica (p<=0,01) como en la diastólica (p<=0,03) fue estadísticamente significativo en los pacientes ASA I. En contraste, solo hubo diferencia estadística en la verificación de los datos de saturación periférica de oxígeno en el momento preoperatorio y de anes- tesia local en los pacientes ASA II (p<=0,04). Al comparar el tiempo de instalación del primer implante (p<=0,03) y al final de la cirugía (p<=0,02), con respecto a la presión sistólica, el ASA II se presentó estadísticamente mayor, mientras que la variable saturación de oxígeno al inicio de la anestesia local en El ASA I fue estadísticamente mayor (p<0,4). Se propone que la sedación intravenosa actúa de forma compensatoria en pacientes con enfermedad sistémica, lo que hace que el comportamiento de ambos grupos sea similar.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Surgery, Oral/methods , Dental Implants , Preanesthetic Medication/methods , Midazolam/administration & dosage , Midazolam/pharmacology , Anesthesia Recovery Period , Comorbidity , Retrospective Studies , Arterial Pressure/drug effects , Statistical Data , Heart Rate/drug effects , Anesthesia, Inhalation/methodsABSTRACT
Objetivo: Obtener un fitofármaco a base de extracto seco de limón con estándares de calidad, procesamiento amigable con el medio ambiente y con antecedentes de efectividad y seguridad, evaluando sus efectos en pacientes hipertensos con frecuentes crisis hipertensivas. Métodos y resultados: Se seleccionó la población de limónes de las Regiones Metropolitana y Coquimbo con las concentraciones más altas de ácido ascórbico y flavonoides totales, respectivamente. Se utilizó liofilización para obtener jugo de limón en polvo. Sólo durante el período de estudio, se informó un caso de aumento/ crisis hipertensiva. La formulación con la concentración más alta de ácido ascórbico disminuyó la presión arterial sistólica y diastólica en 16 mmHg desde 10 minutos hasta 60 minutos. Por otro lado, la formulación con mayor concentración de flavonoides disminuyó la presión arterial en 12 a 30 mmHg desde 5 a 60 minutos. Conclusión: Se obtuvo un producto innovador como complemento al manejo de los aumentos de presión arterial. Los principios activos con mayor contribución al mecanismo antihipertensivo del jugo de limón corresponden a compuestos fenólicos, específicamente, flavonoides.
Aim: To obtain a product based on a dry extract of standardized phytodrug lemon with high quality standards, using an environmentally friendly process; to evaluate its effects in hypertensive patients suffering frequent episodes of hypertensive crisis. Methods and Results: Lemons with high concentration of ascorbic acid (Coquimbo Region) or total flavonoids (Metropolitan Region) were selected. Lyophilization was used to obtain juice powder. During the study period only one case of hypertensive crisis was reported. The formula with the highest concentration of ascorbic acid decreased systolic and diastolic blood pressure by 16 mmHg from 10 minutes up to 60 minutes. On the other hand, the formula with the highest concentration of flavonoids decreased blood pressure from 12 to 30 mmHg between 5 and 60 minutes. Conclusion: An novel product to help decrease acutely elevated blood pressure was obtained that can be used as a complement to the management of acute blood pressure rises. The active principles with greater contribution to the antihypertensive mechanism of lemon juice corresponded to phenolic compounds, specifically flavonoids.
Subject(s)
Humans , Plant Extracts/therapeutic use , Citrus/chemistry , Fruit and Vegetable Juices , Hypertension, Malignant/drug therapy , Ascorbic Acid/analysis , Spectrophotometry , Time Factors , Flavonoids/analysis , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Phytotherapeutic Drugs , Arterial Pressure/drug effectsABSTRACT
Objetivo: associar a variação da pressão arterial (PA) com alguns componentes da aptidão física relacionada à saúde e a mobilidade funcional em mulheres idosas hipertensas. Metodologia: foram avaliadas 37 voluntárias com idade entre 61 e 80 anos no Laboratório de Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão sobre Envelhecimento (LEPEEn). A PA foi aferida em repouso e 15 minutos após a realização dos testes, na posição sentada. Realizou-se a composição corporal, os testes de força de preensão manual (FPM), sentar-se e levantar da cadeira (SLC), marcha estacionaria (ME), time up and go (TUG), e velocidade da caminhada (VC). Foi utilizada a correlação linear de Pearson para verificar as possíveis associações entre as variáveis. Resultados: a variação (Δ) da PA entre o repouso e a recuperação não apresentou diferença significativa (p > 0,05). A FPM do membro dominante e os desempenhos nos testes TUG e VC foram satisfatórios. Porém, os resultados obtidos nos testes de SLC e ME ficaram ligeiramente abaixo do indicado. Observou-se que o percentual de músculo esquelético foi considerado normal, porém o percentual de gordura e o índice de massa corporal ficaram acima dos valores de referência. Conclusão: é provável que o excesso de gordura tenha influenciado na resposta hipotensora após os testes, corroborando assim, para que não houvesse associação entre as variáveis do estudo.
Objective: to analyse the association of variations in blood pressure (BP) with some components of physical fitness related to health and functional mobility in elderly hypertensive women. Methodology: 37 volunteers aged between 61 and 80 years were evaluated at the Laboratory of Teaching, Research and Extension on Aging (LEPEEn). BP was measured at rest and 15 minutes after the tests were performed, in a sitting position. Body composition, handgrip strength (HGS), sitting and standing from a chair (SGC), stationary gait (SG), time up and go (TUG), and walking speed (WS) tests were performed. Pearson's linear correlation was used to verify possible associations between variables. Results: the BP variation (Δ) between rest and recovery did not show a significant difference (p > 0.05). The HGS of the dominant limb and the performance in the TUG and WS tests were satisfactory. However, the results obtained in the SGC and SG tests were slightly below the expected. It was observed that the percentage of skeletal muscle was considered normal, but the percentage of fat and the body mass index were above the normal range. Conclusion: it is likely that excess fat may have influenced the hypotensive response after the tests, thus corroborating the lack of association between the study variables.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Physical Fitness , Arterial Pressure , Hypertension , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Cross-Sectional Studies , Evaluation Studies as TopicABSTRACT
Introducción: La presencia de hipertensión arterial en población joven aumenta el riesgo de eventos cardiovasculares en la mediana edad y como consecuencia una morbimortalidad prematura. El propósito de este estudio es evaluar la progresión de los componentes de la presión arterial y la correlación con las medidas antropométricas y laboratoriales en estudiantes de la Universidad Nacional de Asunción- Paraguay. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo correlacional, longitudinal, prospectivo, desde el año 2013 hasta el año 2017 evaluando al inicio 284 universitarios y 240 al final de las carreras. Se midieron variables sociodemográficas, antropométricas, presión arterial, determinaciones bioquímicas. La progresión de los componentes de la presión arterial, de las variables antropométricas y clínicas se calcularon mediante la prueba T de muestras relacionadas. La correlación de la presión arterial sistólica y presión arterial diastólica con las variables antropométricas y laboratoriales con la correlación de Pearson. Resultados: La progresión de los componentes de la presión arterial presentó una diferencia estadísticamente significativa en la presión arterial sistólica, presión arterial diastólica y presión de pulso. En relación con las características antropométricas y clínicas de los estudiantes se encontró una diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre la medición inicial y final en el peso, perímetro abdominal, glicemia, insulina, colesterol total, colesterol de alta densidad, colesterol de baja densidad, triglicéridos y proteína C reactiva. La correlación más importante encontrada entre las medidas antropométricas con la presión arterial sistólica y presión arterial diastólica fue la circunferencia abdominal. Conclusión: Se encontró aumento de la tendencia de la presión arterial y de otros factores de riesgo cardiovascular en universitarios.
Introduction: The presence of arterial hypertension in young population increases the risk of cardiovascular events in middle age and as a consequence premature morbimortality. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the progression of blood pressure components and the correlation with anthropometric and laboratory measurements in students of the National University of Asuncion, Paraguay. Materials and methods: A descriptive correlational, longitudinal, prospective, descriptive study was conducted from 2013 to 2017 evaluating at the beginning 284 undergraduates and 240 at the end of the careers. Sociodemographic variables, anthropometric variables, blood pressure, biochemical determinations were measured. The progression of blood pressure components, anthropometric and clinical variables were calculated using the related samples t-test. The correlation of systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure with anthropometric and laboratory variables was correlated with Pearson's correlation. Results: The progression of blood pressure components presented a statistically significant difference in systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and pulse pressure. In relation to the anthropometric and clinical characteristics of the students, a statistically significant difference was found between the initial and final measurements in weight, abdominal perimeter, glycemia, insulin, total cholesterol, high-density cholesterol, low-density cholesterol, triglycerides, and C-reactive protein. The most important correlation found between anthropometric measurements with systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure was abdominal circumference. Conclusion: An increase in the trend of blood pressure and other cardiovascular risk factors was found in university students.
Subject(s)
Arterial Pressure , Pressure , HypertensionABSTRACT
La presente publicación describe un enfoque dietético para mantener la presión arterial normal, realizado por el profesional nutricionista basado en el aumento de frutas, verduras y lácteos bajos en grasa e incluye cereales integrales,pescado, aves. menestras y frutas secas. El material ayuda al profesional nutricionista a desarrollar actividades educativas para enseñar al paciente con hipertensión arterial o a personas diagnosticadas con hipertensión arterial a comer más sano, lo que permitirá que disminuya la presión y el colesterol malo elevado, por tratarse de una dieta baja en grasas saturadas, total, colesterol y sodio a la misma vez que es alta en minerales como potasio, magnesio y calcio
Subject(s)
Diet, Fat-Restricted , Diet , Arterial Pressure , Nutritionists , Diet, Healthy , HypertensionABSTRACT
Introducción: La hipertensión arterial es la enfermedad crónica de mayor morbilidad a escala mundial, la cual representa un problema de salud por su multicausalidad y sus consecuencias. Objetivo: Describir las principales características sociodemográficas y clínicas de pacientes con hipertensión arterial, pertenecientes a un área de salud de Niquero. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal de 370 pacientes con hipertensión arterial, quienes pertenecían al Consultorio Médico de la Familia No. 4 de Niquero, provincia de Granma, desde junio de 2021 hasta igual mes de 2022. Se estudiaron las variables edad, sexo, color de la piel, clasificación según cifras tensionales y evolución, así como estado del paciente y complicaciones. Resultados: Predominaron los grupos etarios de 40-59 (37,6 %) y 60-79 años (36,5 %), el sexo femenino (58,4 %), así como el color de la piel mestizo (55,9 %). Resultaron mayoría los pacientes con hipertensión arterial de grado II en fase 1 (44,3 %) y los parcialmente compensados (55,9 %). La enfermedad arterial periférica fue la principal complicación (21,1 %). Conclusiones: La descripción de las características sociodemográficas y clínicas de los pacientes con hipertensión arterial constituye un elemento a tener en cuenta para el adecuado control de los afectados en las áreas de salud.
Introduction: Hypertension is the chronic disease of more morbidity worldwide, which represents a health problem due to its multicausality and consequences. Objective: To describe the main sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of patients with hypertension, belonging to a health area of Niquero. Methods: An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study of 370 patients with hypertension who belonged to the Family Doctor Office No. 4 of Niquero, Granma province, was carried out from June, 2021 to the same month in 2022. The variables age, sex, color of the skin, classification according to tension figures and evolution were studied, as well as patient state and complications. Results: There was a prevalence of the 40-59 (37.6 %) and 60-79 (36.5 %) age groups, female sex (58.4 %), as well as the mixed race color of the skin (55.9 %). The patients with grade II hypertension in phase 1 (44.3 %) and partially compensated (55.9 %) were the majority. Peripheral arterial disease was the main complication (21.1 %). Conclusions: The description of the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of patients with hypertension constitutes an element to take into account for the appropriate control of those affected in the health areas.
Subject(s)
Hypertension , Primary Health Care , Arterial PressureABSTRACT
Introducción. La falta del cumplimiento terapéutico es un problema en el control de la hipertensión arterial. Objetivo. Caracterizar los pacientes no adherentes al tratamiento de hipertensión arterial en pobladores de la V Región Sanitaria del Paraguay. Material y Métodos: Estudio transversal que incluyó pacientes hipertensos conocidos que se encontraban en tratamiento para la hipertensión arterial. Se utilizó la Escala de adherencia a la medicación de Morisky 8 ítems que mide comportamientos de adherencia específicos asociados a la ingesta de medicamentos. Resultados. Se incluyeron163 pacientes, todos considerados no adherentes al tratamiento según la Escala Morinsky MMAS-8. El 52,2% tenía más de 40 años, 66,3% del sexo femenino, 40,5% de nivel universitario, 57,1% casado y el 87,7% vive con la familia. El 66,9% informó trabajar hasta 8 horas por día y el 58,3% con ingresos mayores a 2 salarios mínimos. En cuanto al conocimiento el 53,9% fue alto. El 50% de los pacientes declaró utilizar plantas medicinales para su tratamiento, el 7,4% con depresión frecuentemente o casi siempre y el 22,1% ansiedad frecuentemente o casi siempre. En cuanto a las preguntas de no adherencia, el 53,4% olvidó tomar alguna vez su medicación o dejar de tomarla cuando siente que está bajo control (53,3%),el 44,2% deja de tomar su medicación porque se siente peor con ella y el 46,5% la olvida cuando viaja. Conclusión. La no adherencia en los pacientes de la V Región fue alarmante, por tanto, se deben de realizar medidas de acción respecto a las mismas. Palabras Clave: hipertensión; presión arterial; cumplimiento y adherencia al tratamiento; epidemiologia
Introduction. The lack of therapeutic compliance is a problemto control high blood pressure.Objective. To characterize patients who do not adhere to the treatment of arterial hypertension in the Vsanitary region of Paraguay. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in known hypertensive patients who were undergoing treatment for high blood pressure. The 8-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale was used, which measures specific adherence behaviors associated with medication intake. Results.163 patients were included, all considered non-adherent to treatment according to the Morinsky MMAS-8 Scale. 52.2% were over 40 years old, 66.3% female, 40.5% with university level, 57.1% married, and 87.7% lived with their family. 66.9% reported working up to 8 hours per day and 58.3% with income greater than 2 minimum wages. Regarding knowledge, 53.9% was high. 50% of the patients declared using medicinal plants for their treatment, 7.4% with depression frequently or almost always and 22.1% with anxiety frequently or almost always. Regarding the non-adherence questions, 53.4% ever forgot to take their medication or stopped taking it when they feel they are under control (53.3%), 44.2% stop taking their medication because they feel worse with it and 46.5% forget it when traveling. Conclusion. The non-adherence in patients from Region V was alarming, therefore, action measures must be taken regarding them. Key words:hypertension; blood pressure; treatment adherence and compliance; epidemiology