ABSTRACT
En la pandemia por COVID-19 se exploraron estrategias de atención para garantizar el seguimiento de niños con asma grave. Estudio prospectivo, observacional, comparativo. Se incluyeron pacientes del programa de asma grave de un hospital pediátrico de tercer nivel (n 74). Se evaluó el grado de control, exacerbaciones y hospitalizaciones durante un período presencial (PP), marzo 2019-2020, y uno virtual (PV), abril 2020-2021. En el PP, se incluyeron 74 pacientes vs. 68 (92 %) del PV. En el PP, el 68 % (46) de los pacientes presentaron exacerbaciones vs. el 46 % (31) de los pacientes en el PV (p 0,003). En el PP, se registraron 135 exacerbaciones totales vs. 79 en el PV (p 0,001); hubo una reducción del 41 %. En el PP, el 47 % (32) de los pacientes tuvieron exacerbaciones graves vs. el 32 % (22) de los pacientes en el PV (p 0,048). Hubo 91 exacerbaciones graves en el PP vs. 49 en el PV (p 0,029), reducción del 46 %. No hubo diferencias en las hospitalizaciones (PP 10, PV 6; p 0,9). La telemedicina fue efectiva para el seguimiento de pacientes con asma grave
During the COVID-19 pandemic, health care strategies were explored to ensure the follow-up of children with severe asthma. This was a prospective, observational, and comparative study. Patients in the severe asthma program of a tertiary care children's hospital were included (n: 74). The extent of control, exacerbations, and hospitalizations during an in-person period (IPP) (March 20192020) and an online period (OP) (April 20202021) was assessed. A total of 74 patients were enrolled in the IPP compared to 68 (92%) in the OP. During the IPP, 68% (46) of patients had exacerbations versus 46% (31) during the OP (p = 0.003). During the IPP, 135 total exacerbations were recorded compared to 79 during the OP (p = 0.001); this accounted for a 41% reduction. During the IPP, 47% (32) of patients had severe exacerbations versus 32% (22) during the OP (p = 0.048). A total of 91 severe exacerbations were recorded during the IPP compared to 49 during the OP (p = 0.029); the reduction was 46%. No differences were observed in terms of hospitalization (IPP: 10, OP: 6; p = 0,9). Telemedicine was effective for the follow-up of patients with severe asthma.
Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Adolescent , Asthma/diagnosis , Asthma/therapy , Asthma/epidemiology , COVID-19 , Prospective Studies , Follow-Up Studies , Pandemics , HospitalizationABSTRACT
BACKGROUND@#Asthma imposes a large healthcare burden in China and the United States (US). However, the trends of asthma mortality and the relative risk factors have not been comparatively analyzed between the countries. The aim of this study was to compare the mortality and risk factors between China and the US.@*METHODS@#The deaths, and mortality rates of asthma in China and the US during 1990-2019 were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. The age-period-cohort model was used to estimate these mortality rates based on a log-linear scale with additive age, period, and cohort effects. The population attributable fractions of risk factors for asthma were estimated.@*RESULTS@#In 1990-2019, the asthma mortality rate was higher in China than in the US. The crude and age-standardized asthma mortality rates trended downward in both China and the US from 1990 to 2019. The decline in mortality was more obvious in China. Mortality gap between the two countries was narrowing. A sex difference in asthma mortality was observed with higher mortality in males in China and females in the US. The age effects showed that mortality increased with age in adults older than 20 years, particularly in the elderly. Downward trends were generally observed in the period and cohort rate ratios in both countries, with China experiencing a more obvious decrease. Smoking and high body mass index (BMI) were the leading risk factors for asthma mortality in China and the US, respectively. Mortality attributable to occupational asthmagens and smoking decreased the most in China and the US, respectively.@*CONCLUSIONS@#In 1990-2019, the asthma mortality rate was higher in China than in the US; however, the mortality gap has narrowed. Mortality increased with age in adults. The improvements in asthma death risk with period and birth cohort were more obvious in China than in the US. Smoking, high BMI, and aging are major health problems associated with asthma control. The role of occupational asthmagens in asthma mortality underscores the importance of management and prevention of occupational asthma.
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Young Adult , United States/epidemiology , Asthma/epidemiology , Risk Factors , Smoking , China/epidemiologyABSTRACT
La dermatitis atópica (DA) es una enfermedad inflamatoria de la piel de alta prevalencia en pediatría, de acuerdo a estudios internacionales. Existe escasa información sobre las características epidemiológicas en la población pediátrica Argentina. El objetivo fue describir la prevalencia y características clínicas de la DA en una población de niños argentinos atendidos en el servicio de pediatría de un hospital general. Estudio observacional, de corte transversal. Se incluyeron 500 pacientes al azar, media de edad de 10 años (DE 5), el 50 % (250) de sexo femenino, de los cuales 24 presentaron DA. La prevalencia global fue del 5 % (IC95 % 3-7) y 3/24 fueron formas graves. La comorbilidad atópica más frecuente fue asma. La DA es una enfermedad con una prevalencia en nuestra población similar a la de otros países. Nuestro estudio aporta nuevos datos acerca de las características epidemiológicas de la dermatitis atópica en nuestra región
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an inflammatory skin disease highly prevalent in pediatrics as per international studies. There is scarce information on the epidemiological characteristics of AD in the Argentine pediatric population. The objective of this study was to describe the prevalence and clinical characteristics of AD in a population of Argentine children seen at the Department of Pediatrics of a general hospital. Observational, cross-sectional study. Five hundred patients were randomly included; their mean age was 10 years (SD: 5); 50% (250) were female. A total of 24 had AD. The overall prevalence was 5% (95% confidence interval: 37) and 3/24 were severe forms. The most frequent atopic comorbidity was asthma. The prevalence of AD in our population is similar to that of other countries. Our study provides new data on the epidemiological characteristics of AD in our region.
Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Asthma/epidemiology , Dermatitis, Atopic/epidemiology , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Hospitals, GeneralABSTRACT
Introducción: Los pacientes mayores de 60 años suelen tener un asma más grave, menos controlada y peor función pulmonar que los jóvenes. Objetivo: Caracterizar a los pacientes mayores de 60 años con asma grave no controlada. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo, prospectivo y transversal en el Hospital Neumológico Benéfico Jurídico en el período comprendido entre enero del 2020 y enero del 2021. Resultados: Edad predominante 60-69 años (76,5 por ciento). Mujeres (61,8 por ciento). Antecedentes familiares de asma o alergia (64,7 por ciento). Asma de larga evolución (85,3 por ciento). Asma asociada a obesidad y mal control (55,9 por ciento). Reversibilidad del VEF1 (volumen espiratorio forzado en el primer segundo) después de la aplicación del broncodilatador (26,5 por ciento). Adherencia al tratamiento (61,8 por ciento). El riesgo futuro de resultados adversos fue bajo en el 58,8 por ciento, es el principal factor, el mal control actual en el 100 por ciento. Conclusiones: El asma grave no controlada en mayores de 60 años es más frecuente en el sexo femenino, los pacientes suelen tener antecedentes familiares de asma o alergia, presentar asma de larga evolución, obesidad asociada al mal control, disminución de la reversibilidad del VEF1 con la aplicación del broncodilatador, mala adherencia al tratamiento y el mal control actual como riesgo futuro de la enfermedad(AU)
Introduction: Patients older than 60 years tend to have more severe, less controlled asthma and worse lung function than younger people. Objective: To characterize patients older than 60 years with severe uncontrolled asthma. Methods: A descriptive, prospective and cross-sectional observational study was carried out at Benéfico Jurídico Pneumological Hospital from January 2020 to January 2021. Results: The age group 60-69 years (76.5percent) predominated. Women also predominated (61.8percent), as well as family history of asthma or allergy (64.7percent), and long-standing asthma (85.3percent). Asthma associated with obesity and poor control was 55.9percent. The reversibility of the forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) after the application of the bronchodilator was 26.5percent. The adherence to treatment was 61.8percent. The future risk of adverse results was low (58.8percent), which is the main factor, the current poor control in 100percent. Conclusions: Severe uncontrolled asthma in people over 60 years of age is more frequent in women, patients usually have family history of asthma or allergy, there is long-term asthma. It was observed that obesity is associated with poor control, the decreased FEV1 reversibility with the application of the bronchodilator, poor adherence to treatment and poor current control as a future risk of the disease(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Asthma/epidemiology , Bronchodilator Agents/adverse effects , Medical Assistance , Obesity/epidemiology , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Cross-Sectional Studies , Prospective Studies , Observational StudyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the association between exposure to second-hand smoke (SHS) and 23 diseases, categorized into four classifications, among the Chinese population.@*METHODS@#We searched the literature up to June 30, 2021, and eligible studies were identified according to the PECOS format: Participants and Competitors (Chinese population), Exposure (SHS), Outcomes (Disease or Death), and Study design (Case-control or Cohort).@*RESULTS@#In total, 53 studies were selected. The odds ratio (OR) for all types of cancer was 1.79 (1.56-2.05), and for individual cancers was 1.92 (1.42-2.59) for lung cancer, 1.57 (1.40-1.76) for breast cancer, 1.52 (1.12-2.05) for bladder cancer, and 1.37 (1.08-1.73) for liver cancer. The OR for circulatory system diseases was 1.92 (1.29-2.85), with a value of 2.29 (1.26-4.159) for stroke. The OR of respiratory system diseases was 1.76 (1.13-2.74), with a value of 1.82 (1.07-3.11) for childhood asthma. The original ORs were also shown for other diseases. Subgroup analyses were performed for lung and breast cancer. The ORs varied according to time period and were significant during exposure in the household; For lung cancer, the OR was significant in women.@*CONCLUSION@#The effect of SHS exposure in China was similar to that in Western countries, but its definition and characterization require further clarification. Studies on the association between SHS exposure and certain diseases with high incidence rates are insufficient.
Subject(s)
Child , Female , Humans , Asthma/epidemiology , Breast Neoplasms , East Asian People , Lung Neoplasms/etiology , Tobacco Smoke Pollution/adverse effects , ChinaABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the sensitization characteristics of ragweed pollen in patients with allergic rhinitis(AR) and(or) allergic asthma in Beijing area, and to provide basis for the prevention and treatment of ragweed pollen sensitized population. Methods:Patients with allergic rhinitis and/or asthma from January 2017 to December 2019 in the outpatient department of Allergy Department of Beijing Shijitan Hospital were retrospectively analyzed in this study. Skin prick test(SPT) was performed with ragweed pollen allergen reagents to compare different ages, genders and respiratory diseases allergen distribution, and to observe the sensitization characteristics of its population. All of the analyses were performed using SAS software version 9.4. Results:A total of 9 727 patients were enrolled in the end. The total positive rate of ragweed pollen SPT was 45.50%(4 426/9 727), the highest positive rate was 65.54% in 13-17 years old group; The positive rate of ragweed pollen SPT was 49.79% in allergic rhinitis combined with asthma patients, followed by 46.46% in allergic rhinitis patients, and the lowest rate was 19.42% in single allergic asthma patients. There were more females than males in both ragweed pollen sensitized and non-ragweed pollen sensitized groups(P<0.05), and the proportion was higher in 30-39 years old than in other age groups(P<0.05). Ragweed pollen sensitization was higher than non-ragweed pollen sensitization in the allergic rhinitis group(98.49% vs 94.76%, P<0.05). Ragweed pollen with other summer and autumn pollen allergens in patients with positive SPT, the top three were Chenopodium pollen, Humulus pollen and Artemisia grandis pollen, with positive rates of 90.42%, 89.63% and 85.40%, respectively. Ragweed combined with other pollen sensitization accounted for 99.57%(4 407/4 426). Allergic rhinitis was the main disease in patients sensitized with ragweed pollen alone or combined with other pollens, and there was no significant difference between the two groups(94.97% vs 98.50%, P>0.05). Conclusion:Ragweed pollen is highly sensitized in Beijing area, single ragweed pollen sensitization is rare, often combined with multiple pollen sensitization, and allergic rhinitis is the main disease.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/epidemiology , Retrospective Studies , Allergens , Pollen , Rhinitis, Allergic , Asthma/epidemiology , Skin TestsABSTRACT
Background Hospitalizations for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations frequently occur in Thailand. National trends in hospital outcomes are essential for planning preventive strategies within the healthcare system. We examined temporal trends in in-hospital outcomes, including mortality rate, length of stay (LOS), and expenses for reimbursement in adults hospitalized for asthma and COPD exacerbations in southern Thailand.Methods A retrospective, population-based study on adults hospitalized for exacerbations of asthma and COPD was carried out using data from the National Health Security Office in southern Thailand. Baseline demographic and in-hospital outcome assessments were conducted on 19,459 and 66,457 hospitalizations for asthma and COPD, respectively, between 2017 and 2021.Results Significant reductions in hospital admissions for exacerbations of asthma and COPD were observed over time, particularly in 2020/2021. From 2017 to 2021, the in-hospital mortality rate for asthma rose from 3.2 to 3.7 deaths per 1,000 admissions (P<0.05). The rates for COPD admissions, on the other hand, reduced from 20.3 to 16.4 deaths per 1,000 admissions between 2017 and 2020, but subsequently increased to 21.8 in 2021 (P<0.05). The prominent contributor to the higher mortality rate was found to be increasing age. Nonetheless, the average LOS for both asthma and COPD decreased slightly over the study period. The total expenses for reimbursing exacerbations of asthma and COPD per hospitalisation have risen significantly each year, with a particularly notable increase in 2020/2021.Conclusion During 2017-2021, exacerbations of asthma and COPD in Thailand continued to account for significant in-hospital mortality rates and reimbursement expenses, despite the overall decrease in hospitalizations and slight fluctuations in the LOS.
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Retrospective Studies , Hospital Mortality , Thailand/epidemiology , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive , Asthma/epidemiology , Hospitals , Disease ProgressionABSTRACT
Bajo la teoría de vía aérea unificada, se ha observado que el asma y la rinosinusitis crónica (RSC) tienen una estrecha relación, con efectos importantes de una enfermedad sobre el control de la otra. El objetivo de esta revisión bibliográfica es clarificar cómo ambas enfermedades se relacionan desde su origen, epidemiología, fisiopatología y tratamiento. Sabemos que la presencia de RSC se asocia con peores resultados del asma, mayor frecuencia de exacerbaciones, hospitalizaciones y mayor uso de corticoides sistémicos. Varios mecanismos parecen tener un rol en la disfunción de la vía aérea inferior en pacientes con RSC, dentro de los cuales se plantea que la respuesta inflamatoria en común de tipo Th2 juega un papel principal. Existe amplia literatura respecto al efecto que tiene el tratamiento de la RSC en el control del asma, en esta revisión se expondrá la evidencia disponible del tratamiento médico con corticoides nasales, montelukast y macrólidos, así como también del tratamiento quirúrgico de la RSC y el uso de biológicos.
Under the unified airway theory, asthma and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) have a close relationship, with significant effects of one disease on the control of the other. This bibliographic review aims to clarify how both diseases relate to each other from their origin, epidemiology, pathophysiology, and treatment. CRS is associated with worse asthma outcomes, higher frequency of exacerbations, hospitalizations, and increased use of systemic corticosteroids. Several mechanisms play a role in lower airway dysfunction in patients with CRS, among which the common Th2-type inflammatory response plays a substantial role. There is extensive literature regarding the effect of the treatment of CRS in the control of asthma. We present the available evidence regarding the effect of medical treatment with nasal corticosteroids, montelukast, and macrolides, as well as the surgical treatment and use of biologics.
Subject(s)
Humans , Asthma/physiopathology , Asthma/epidemiology , Sinusitis/physiopathology , Sinusitis/epidemiology , Rhinitis/physiopathology , Rhinitis/epidemiology , Chronic DiseaseABSTRACT
Objetivo: Describir la prevalencia de diagnóstico autorreportado de asma, comorbilidades, patrones de tratamiento y calidad de vida (CdV) autopercibida en la población chilena, utilizando datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud (ENS) de 2016-2017. Métodos: Se analizó la población de la ENS 2016-2017 con ≥ 15 años. Los individuos con asma fueron identificados por autorreporte. Se evaluaron variables sociodemográficas, CdV y salud (autopercepción y/o EQ-5D-3L), estado nutricional, comorbilidades y patrón de tratamiento. Resultados: La prevalencia de asma fue de 5,4% (IC 95%: 4,5-6,5). Se reportó una frecuencia casi 2 veces mayor de CdV autopercibida (6,3% [IC 95%: 3,4-11,3] frente a 3,6% [IC 95%: 2,8-4,5]) y de salud (16,4% [IC 95%: 11,4-23,1] frente a 7,7% [IC 95%: 6,6-8,9]) muy mala/mala/menos que regular en el grupo con asma en comparación con el total de individuos de la ENS. El grupo de asma tuvo mayor frecuencia de al menos algunos problemas en todos los dominios EQ-5D-3L. La comorbilidad más frecuente fue la sintomatología depresiva. El 63% de los encuestados que reconocían tener asma no recibían ningún tratamiento en el momento de la encuesta. Con mayor frecuencia el tratamiento para el asma fue prescrito por un médico general (62,4%/55,4%, medicación de rescate/controlador) y el acceso fue a través del sistema público (65,9%/82,5%, medicación de rescate/controlador). Alrededor de un tercio de la población utilizaba monoterapia con SABA (32,8%). Conclusión: La prevalencia de asma fue del 5,4% y los asmáticos relataron peor CdV y salud. Se observó una baja tasa de tratamiento y de los tratados la mayoría usaba solo medicación de rescate.
Objective: To describe diagnosed asthma prevalence, self-reported comorbidities, treatment patterns and self-perceived quality of life (QoL) in Chilean population, using National Health Survey (NHS) data from 2016-2017. Methods: 2016-2017 NHS population aged ≥ 15 years was analyzed. Asthma individuals were identified by self-report. Sociodemographic variables, QoL and health (self-perception and/or EQ-5D-3L), nutritional status, comorbidities and treatment pattern were evaluated. Results: Asthma prevalence was 5.4% (95% CI: 4.5-6.5). Compared with NHS total individuals, asthma group showed almost 2 times higher frequency of self-perceived QoL (6.3% [95% CI: 3.4-11.3] vs 3.6% [95% CI: 2.8-4.5]) and health (16.4% [95% CI: 11.4-23.1] vs 7.7% [95% CI: 6.6-8.9]) named as very bad/bad/less than regular. In addition, asthma group had a greater frequency of at least some problems in all EQ-5D-3L domains. Depressive symptoms were the most frequently observed comorbidity. 63% of respondents who acknowledged having asthma were not receiving any treatment at the time of the survey. Asthma treatment was most frequently prescribed by a general physician (62.4%/55.4%, rescue/controller medication) and the access occurs in the public system (65.9%/82.5%, rescue/controller medication). About one third of the population used SABA monotherapy (32.8%). Conclusion: Asthma prevalence was 5.4% and asthmatics reported worse QoL and health. A very low treatment rate was observed and those treated, most were under rescue medication.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Asthma/epidemiology , Quality of Life , Asthma/diagnosis , Asthma/therapy , Tobacco Use Disorder , Comorbidity , Chile/epidemiology , Nutritional Status , Prevalence , Health Surveys , Self Report , Sociodemographic FactorsABSTRACT
Introducción: Actualmente existen aproximadamente 300 millones de personas a nivel mundial con diagnóstico de asma y con una mortalidad de 250 mil cada año. Cuba no está ajena a esta realidad. Objetivo: Describir las características clínicas y epidemiológicas de la exacerbación del asma, y su relación con la edad y la estacionalidad en niños asistidos en el Servicio de Urgencias del Hospital Pediátrico Juan Manuel Márquez, desde enero a diciembre de 2018. Material y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, prospectivo y transversal en pacientes con exacerbación del asma bronquial atendidos en el Servicio de Urgencias del Hospital Pediátrico Juan Manuel Márquez, desde enero a diciembre de 2018. Resultados: El mayor porciento se obtuvo en el sexo masculino con 53 por ciento, el grupo de edad de 5 a 9 años 46,3 por ciento. Dentro de los factores de riesgo que predominaron en el estudio fueron las infecciones virales 51,3 por ciento, los cambios de temperatura 58,2 por ciento y la no adherencia al tratamiento 45,5 por ciento . Las crisis de asma fueron frecuentes en los meses de octubre a diciembre 38,3 por ciento, con frecuencia entre 3 a 6 episodios por año 67,7 por ciento. El grado de severidad fue leve 82,0 por ciento. Conclusiones: Las exacerbaciones de asma bronquial son frecuentes en los servicios de urgencias pediátricos(AU)
Introduction: In these times, there are about 300 million people with the diagnosis of bronchial asthma worldwide and there is a mortality of 250 thousand per year. Cuba is not unaware of this reality. Objective: To describe the clinical and epidemiologic characteristics of the exacerbation of bronchial asthma in children assisted in the emergency service of Juan Manuel Márquez Pediatric University Hospital from January to December 2018. Material and Methods: A descriptive, prospective, cross-sectional study was conducted on 600 children from 1 to 18 years of age that fulfilled the inclusion criteria. These children were assisted in the emergency service of Juan Manuel Márquez Pediatric University Hospital from January to December 2018. Results: The highest percentage of patients were males (53 percent) and from the age group 5 to 9 years (46,3 percent). Among the risk factors that predominated in the study, viral infections (51,3 percent), weather changes (58,2 percent), and non-adherence to treatment (45,5 percent) were observed. The asthma crises were frequent from October to December (38,3 percent), and from 3 to 6 episodes occurred annually (67,7 percent). The degree of severity was mild (82,0 percent). Conclusions: Exacerbations of bronchial asthma are frequent in pediatric emergency services(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Asthma/epidemiology , Seasons , Symptom Flare Up , Asthma/therapy , Severity of Illness Index , Cross-Sectional Studies , Prospective Studies , Risk Factors , Age Factors , Age and Sex Distribution , Treatment Adherence and ComplianceABSTRACT
Introducción: En la actualidad existen aproximadamente 300 millones de personas a nivel mundial con diagnóstico de asma y con una mortalidad de 250 mil cada año. Cuba no está ajena a esta realidad. Objetivo: Relacionar la frecuencia de presentación de factores de riesgo dependientes del huésped y del medio ambiente con el grado de severidad de las crisis en niños. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal en 600 niños de 1 a 18 años de edad, atendidos en el Servicio de Urgencias del Hospital Pediátrico Juan Manuel Márquez, de enero a diciembre del año 2018. Resultados: La mayoría de los pacientes atendidos fueron del sexo masculino (53 por ciento) y del grupo de edad de 5 a 9 años (46,3 por ciento). Dentro de los factores de riesgo que predominaron en el estudio fueron los más frecuente las infecciones virales (51,3 por ciento), los cambios de temperatura (58,2 por ciento) y la no adherencia al tratamiento (45,5 por ciento). Se encontraron antecedentes familiares de asma bronquial en 62,2 por ciento y antecedentes de atopia en 60 por ciento. Conclusiones: Existen factores de riesgo modificables en pacientes asmáticos, lo que implica que se puede disminuir la severidad del asma bronquial en urgencias(AU)
Introduction: Currently, there are around 300 million people in the world diagnosed with asthma and a mortality rate of 250 thousand every year. Cuba is not apart from this reality. Objective: To relate the frequency of presentation of host- and environment-dependent risk factors with the degree of severity of crises among children. Methods: A cross-sectional and descriptive study was carried out with 600 children aged 1-18 years, who receive attention in the emergency department of Juan Manuel Márquez Pediatric Hospital from January to December 2018. Results: Most of the patients who received attention were male (53 percent) and belonged to the age group of 5-9 years (46.3 percent). Among the predominating risk factors of the study, the most frequent were viral infections (51.3 percent), temperature changes (58.2 percent) and non-adherence to treatment (45.5 percent). Family history of bronchial asthma was found in 62.2 percent, together with a history of atopy, accounting for 60 percent. Conclusions: There are modifiable risk factors in asthma patients, which allows to decrease the severity of bronchial asthma in the emergency department(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Asthma/diagnosis , Asthma/epidemiology , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Cross-Sectional Studies , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
Abstract The objective was to estimate association between prenatal and neonatal factors and asthma symptoms in children at six years of age. A cross-sectional study using secondary data from a cohort study with a sample of 578 children was carried out. Data were analyzed using three levels hierarchical Poisson Regression. Of the 578 children included in the study, 43.4% (95% CI 39.4; 47.4) had asthma symptoms. The variables with significantly higher prevalence of symptoms and asthma at six years of age were: male gender, with 5% higher prevalence (PR = 1.05 95% CI 1.01; 1.11) (p = 0.043); children of pregnant women presenting infectious diseases with 7% higher prevalence (PR = 1.07; 95% CI 1.02; 1.13) (p = 0.011); children who were not breastfed, with a 12% higher prevalence (PR = 1.12; 95% CI 1.02; 1.24) (p = 0.022) and children with respiratory problems in the first month of life, with a 14% higher prevalence (PR = 1.14; 95% CI 1.01; 1.29) (p = 0.033). It could be concluded that male gender, time-independent breastfeeding deprivation and respiratory problems in the first month of life were independently associated with asthma symptoms at six years of age. The occurrence of infectious diseases during pregnancy was the only factor with intrauterine physiology that was associated with the occurrence of asthma symptoms at six years of age.
Resumo O objetivo foi estimar a associação entre fatores pré-natais e neonatais e sintomas de asma em crianças aos seis anos de idade. Foi realizado um estudo epidemiológico transversal com dados secundários provenientes de estudo de coorte com amostragem de 578 crianças. Os dados foram analisados por meio de regressão de Poisson. Do total de 578 crianças incluídas no estudo, 43,4% (IC 95% 39,4; 47,4) apresentavam sintomas de asma. As variáveis com prevalências significativamente maiores de sintomas de asma aos seis anos de idade foram: sexo masculino, com prevalência 5% maior (RP = 1,05 IC 95% 1,01; 1,11) (p = 0,043); crianças de gestantes portadoras de doenças infecciosas, com prevalência 7% maior (RP = 1,07; IC 95% 1,02; 1,13) (p = 0,011); crianças que não foram amamentadas, com prevalência 12% maior (RP = 1,12; IC 95% 1,02; 1,24) (p = 0,022), e crianças com problemas respiratórios no primeiro mês de vida, com prevalência 14% maior (RP = 1,14; IC 95% 1,01; 1,29) (p = 0,033). Concluiu-se que sexo masculino, privação de amamentação, independentemente do tempo, e problemas respiratórios no primeiro mês de vida foram associados de forma independente aos sintomas de asma aos seis anos de idade. A ocorrência de doenças infecciosas durante a gravidez foi o único fator fisiológico intra-uterino associado à ocorrência de sintomas de asma aos seis anos de idade.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Child , Asthma/epidemiology , Breast Feeding , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Risk Factors , Cohort StudiesABSTRACT
Introducción: El asma es una enfermedad inflamatoria crónica de la vía aérea que presenta obstrucción bronquial, la cual puede desencadenar exacerbaciones que pueden llegar a la hospitalización. Objetivos: Describir la tasa de egreso hospitalario por asma entre los años 2018-2021 en Chile según sexo y grupo etario. Materiales y métodos: Estudio ecológico sobre egresos hospitalarios por asma en el periodo 2018-2021 en Chile (n=11.724), según sexo y grupo etario. Se utilizaron datos obtenidos por el Departamento de Estadística e Información de Salud para realizar la estadística descriptiva y cálculo de la Tasa de Egreso Hospitalario (TEH). No requirió la autorización del comité de ética. Resultados: Se evidenció una TEH del período de 16,67 casos por 100.000 habitantes, presentando una disminución del 55,18% en la tasa de egreso hospitalario entre el año 2019 y 2020. El sexo femenino presentó una mayor TEH con 17,71 por cada 100.000 habitantes. El grupo etario con la mayor cantidad de egresos hospitalarios fue el de 5-9 años, con un 25,07% (2.940). Conclusión: La disminución de TEH expuesta se podría explicar en el contexto de la pandemia de COVID-19 y las medidas sanitarias implementadas, las cuales disminuyeron directamente la circulación viral, evitando complicaciones. Con respecto al sexo, se condice con la literatura internacional, siendo la mayor cantidad de hospitalizaciones en el género femenino, como también una mayor proporción de hospitalizaciones en niños, especialmente en edades de 5-10 años, posiblemente secundario a iniciar el entendimiento de su enfermedad crónica. En conclusión, los pacientes pediátricos serían los mayores beneficiados de políticas públicas para la educación de la población.
Introduction: Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airway that presents bronchial obstruction, which can trigger exacerbations and lead to hospitalization. Objectives: To describe the hospital discharge rate for asthma between the years 2018-2021 in Chile according to sex and age group. Materials and methods: Ecological study on hospital discharges for asthma in the period 2018-2021 in Chile (n=11,724), according to sex and age group. Data obtained from the "Departamento de Estadística e Información de Salud" was used to perform descriptive statistics and calculate the hospital discharge rate or TEH. No ethics committee approval was required. Results: A TEH of the period of 16.67 cases per 100,000 inhabitants was evidenced, showing a decrease of 55.18% in the hospital discharge rate between 2019 and 2020. The female sex presented a higher TEH with 17.71 per 100,000 population. The age group with the highest number of hospital discharges was 5-9 years with 25.07% (2,940). Conclusion: The observed decrease in TEH could be explained in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and the implemented health measures, which directly reduced viral circulation, avoiding complications. Regarding gender, it is consistent with international literature, with the highest number of hospitalizations occurring in females, as well as a higher proportion of hospitalizations in children, especially in the 5-10 age group, possibly due to an increased understanding of their chronic disease. In conclusion, pediatric patients would be the greatest beneficiaries of public policies for the education of the population.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Young Adult , Asthma/epidemiology , Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data , Chile/epidemiology , Age and Sex Distribution , Ecological StudiesABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objective To determine the maternal and early childhood factors associated with asthma and obesity in children aged 6 to 7 years. Methods A case-control study conducted with children aged 6 to 7 years. Applications with questions about asthma symptoms in the last 12 months, maternal and childhood data in the first 2 years of life, and anthropometric data were collected. Children who presented asthma symptoms were considered as cases and those without asthma symptoms were considered as controls, later divided into two subgroups that were eutrophic or overweight/obesity. Logistic regression was performed to estimate the association between asthma symptoms (adequate weight and overweight/obesity) and gestational and personal factors, calculating odds ratio and 95% confidence interval (95%CI). Values of p<0.05 were considered significant. Results Two hundred and one children were evaluated, 25.4% had asthma symptoms, 37.2% of them were overweight/obesity. Waist circumference, triceps skinfold, and body mass index were higher in the group with overweight/obesity asthma symptoms compared to no asthma symptoms (p<0.05). Factors significantly associated with asthma and overweight/obesity symptoms included: the maternal history of asthma (odds ratio of 3.73; 95%CI: 1.10-12.6) and hypertension during pregnancy (odds ratio of 3.29; 95%CI: 1.08-9.94). Conclusion Maternal history of asthma and hypertension during pregnancy increased the chances of children, at 6 and 7 years of age, having symptoms of asthma and obesity.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Child, Preschool , Child , Asthma/epidemiology , Pediatric Obesity/complications , Pediatric Obesity/epidemiology , Body Mass Index , Case-Control Studies , Risk Factors , OverweightABSTRACT
Introducción. El asma es una de las enfermedades crónicas más frecuentes en niños. Múltiples estudios han sugerido que en la infancia presenta una asociación significativa con los trastornos respiratorios del sueño, con una prevalencia en niños asmáticos de un 24%. El objetivo fue determinar la prevalencia de trastornos respiratorios del sueño (TRS) en pacientes con asma controlados en un hospital pediátrico (6-15 años). Pacientes y Método. Estudio transversal descriptivo. Se aplicaron los cuestionarios de sueño pediátrico validado en español (pediatric sleep questionnaire, PSQ) y el Cuestionario de Control del Asma en Niños (CAN) a los padres de los niños con diagnósticos de asma controlados en Hospital Roberto del Río, vía telefónica y vía email. Resultados: La prevalencia de TRS fue de 34,8%. Un 20% presenta mal control de asma definido como CAN >8. Un 58,1% de los padres reportaron sobrepeso en los pacientes Conclusiones: la prevalencia de TRS en los niños estudiados es alta y obliga a investigar en cada consulta por estos síntomas. Aplicar la encuesta en cada consulta, de forma online podría aportar al conocimiento de estos pacientes y mantener la prevalencia del problema actualizada, para focalizar las intervenciones apropiadas.
Introduction. Asthma is one of the most frequent chronic diseases in children, multiple studies have suggested that in childhood it presents a significant association with sleep-disordered breathing, with a prevalence in asthmatic children of 24%.The objective was to determine the prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing (RRT) in patients with asthma controlled in a pediatric hospital (6-15 years). Patients and Methods. Descriptive cross-sectional study. The pediatric sleep questionnaire (PSQ) and the Child Asthma Control Questionnaire (CAN) were applied to the parents of children with controlled asthma diagnoses at Hospital Roberto del Río, by telephone and via e-mail. Results: The prevalence of RRT was 34.8%. 20% have poor asthma control defined as CAN> 8. 58.1% of parents reported overweight in patients Conclusions: the prevalence of RRT in the children studied is high and makes it necessary to investigate these symptoms at each visit. Applying the survey in each consultation, online, could contribute to the knowledge of these patients and keep the prevalence of the problem updated, in order to focalized the interventions.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Asthma/epidemiology , Sleep Apnea Syndromes/epidemiology , Pilot Projects , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Hospitals, Pediatric/statistics & numerical dataABSTRACT
Abstract Objective: Identify associated factors for recurrent wheezing (RW) in male and female infants. Methods: Cross-sectional multicentric study using the standardized questionnaire from the Estudio Internacional sobre Sibilancias en Lactantes (EISL). The questionnaire was applied to parents of 9345 infants aged 12-15 months at the time of immunization/routine visits. Results: One thousand two hundred and sixty-one (13.5%) males and nine hundred sixty-three (10.3%) females have had RW (≥3 episodes), respectively (p10 colds episodes (OR = 3.46; IC 95% 2.35-5.07), air pollution (OR = 1.33; IC 95% 1.12-1.59), molds at home (OR = 1.23; IC 95% 1.03-1.47), Afro-descendants (OR = 1.42; IC 95% 1.20-1.69), bronchopneumonia (OR = 1.41; IC; 1.11-1.78), severe episodes of wheezing in the first year (OR = 1.56; IC 95% 1.29-1.89), treatment with bronchodilators (OR = 1.60; IC 95% 1.22-2,1) and treatment with oral corticosteroids (OR = 1,23; IC 95% 0.99-1,52). Associated factors for RW for females were passive smoking (OR = 1.24; IC 95% 1.01-1,51), parents diagnosed with asthma (OR = 1.32; IC 95% 1,08-1,62), parents with allergic rhinitis (OR = 1.26; IC 95% 1.04-1.53), daycare attendance (OR = 1.48; IC 95% 1.17-1,88), colds in the first 6 months of life (OR = 2.19; IC 95% 1.69-2.82), personal diagnosis of asthma (OR = 1.84; IC 95% 1.39-2.44), emergency room visits (OR = 1.78; IC 95% 1.44-2.21), nighttime symptoms (OR = 2.89; IC 95% 2.34-3.53) and updated immunization (OR = 0.62; IC 95% 0.41-0.96). Conclusion: There are differences in associated factors for RW between genders. Identification of these differences could be useful to the approach and management of RW between boys and girls.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Asthma/epidemiology , Respiratory Sounds/etiology , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
Introducción: Las sibilancias recurrentes en lactantes y preescolares son motivo frecuente de consulta en pediatría. Objetivo: Caracterizar a niños con sibilancia recurrente desde los puntos de vista clínico y epidemiológico. Métodos: Se realizó una investigación observacional, longitudinal y prospectiva de 140 niños con sibilancia recurrente, atendidos en el Servicio de Respiratorio del Hospital Infantil Docente Sur Dr. Antonio María Béguez César de Santiago de Cuba, desde de enero de 2016 hasta diciembre de 2018. Resultados: Predominaron el sexo masculino (57,1 %), los pacientes de procedencia urbana (62,1 %) y el área de salud 28 de septiembre como la de mayor incidencia (42,7 %). El promedio de edad fue de 1 año y 5 meses, aproximadamente. Los niños incluidos en el intervalo de 6 a 11 meses y 29 días fueron los más afectados (28,6 %). Entre los municipios, Guamá aportó el mayor número de casos (33,9 %). No existió asociación estadística entre el índice predictivo de asma y el sexo; sin embargo, resultó mayor entre los varones (19,3 %). Conclusiones: Las características clínicas y epidemiológicas de los pacientes con sibilancia recurrente de esta casuística no difieren del contexto epidemiológico mundial, siendo una entidad de observación frecuente en los servicios de pediatría.
Introduction: The recurrent wheezing in infants and preschool children are frequent reason of visit in pediatrics. Objective: To characterize children with recurrent wheezing from the clinical and epidemiologic points of view. Methods: An observational, longitudinal and prospective investigation of 140 children with recurrent wheezing, assisted in the Respiratory Service of Dr. Antonio María Béguez Cesar Southern Teaching Children Hospital was carried out in Santiago de Cuba, from January, 2016 to December, 2018. Results: There was a prevalence of the male sex (57.1 %), the patients of urban origin (62.1 %) and 28 de Septiembre health area as that of more incidence (42.7 %). The average age was of 1 year and 5 months, approximately. The children included in the interval from 6 to 11 months and 29 days were the most affected (28.6 %). Among the municipalities, Guamá contributed the higher number of cases (33.9 %). There was no statistical association between the prediction index of asthma and the sex; however, it was higher among males (19.3 %). Conclusions: The clinical and epidemiologic characteristics of the patients with recurrent wheezing of this case material don't differ from the world epidemiologic context, being an entity of frequent observation in the pediatrics services.
Subject(s)
Asthma/epidemiology , Child , Respiratory Sounds/diagnosis , Child, Preschool , InfantABSTRACT
Abstract Objective To investigate the association between asthma and sleep duration in participants of the Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents. Materials and methods Cross-sectional, national, school-based study, involving adolescents aged 12-17 years. In the period between 2013−14, data from 59,442 participants were analyzed. Bivariate analysis between current asthma and short sleep duration, defined as < 7 h/night, was performed separately with the other variables analyzed: sex, age group, type of school, weight categories, and common mental disorders. Then, different generalized linear models with Poisson family and logarithmic link functions were used to assess the independence of potential confounding covariates associated with both asthma and short sleep duration in the previous analysis. Crude and adjusted prevalence ratios and respective 95% confidence intervals were calculated, and a value of p < 0.05 was considered significant for all analyses performed. Results Prevalence of current asthma was 13.4%, being significantly higher among students with short sleep duration (PR: 1.17; 95% CI: 1.01-1.35; p = 0.034). This remained significant even after adjusting for the other study covariates. Conclusion There was a positive association between the prevalence of current asthma and short sleep duration among Brazilian adolescents. Considering the high prevalence and morbidity of the disease in this age group, the promotion of sleep hygiene should be considered as a possible health strategy aimed at contributing to better control of asthma in this population.
Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Asthma/epidemiology , Sleep , Brazil/epidemiology , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional StudiesABSTRACT
Abstract Objective To analyze the trend of hospitalizations for asthma in children and adolescents by region and age group in Brazil, from 2008 to 2017. Method This is a time-series study with secondary data regarding hospitalizations for asthma in children and adolescents, according to age, region, and gender. Descriptive statistics procedures were used with measures of central tendency to calculate the variation between the periods of 2008 and 2017. Rates of hospitalizations were calculated specifically by age group and region. Time trend analysis was performed by simple linear regression, considered as stationary (p > 0.05), declining (p < 0.05 and negative regression coefficient), or ascending (p < 0.05) and positive regression coefficient). Results The present study identified a higher proportion of hospitalizations for asthma in Brazil in children aged 5-9 years. Regarding gender, there were more hospitalizations in boys. The region that presented the highest proportion of hospitalizations, in all age groups investigated, was the Northeast. As for the trend analysis, this article showed that, in Brazil, there was a trend toward a reduction in hospitalization rates for asthma. Conclusion In Brazil, there was a tendency to reduce hospitalizations for all investigated age groups. The Northeast was the only region that showed a decline in all age groups.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Asthma/epidemiology , Hospitalization , Brazil/epidemiology , Linear ModelsABSTRACT
Abstract Background: The relationship between birth by cesarean section (CS) and allergic diseases prevalence continues to be controversial. We aimed to investigate if being born by CS is associated with the prevalence of allergic diseases and their symptoms in schoolchildren. Methods: This study included children between 6 and 7 years of age, selected by population-based sampling. We investigated the presence of allergic diseases and their symptoms, family history of asthma, smoking in parents, breastfeeding, exposure to pets, the season of birth, number of siblings, consumption of unpasteurized cows milk, and mode of birth. Results: We included 1003 subjects (526 girls), of which 44.2% were born through CS. The prevalence of allergic diseases did not differ according to birth mode. Asthma in either parent, current smoking by the mother, breastfeeding, and unpasteurized cows milk consumption were associated with wheezing at some time in life. Conclusions: No association between CS birth mode and allergic diseases and their symptoms was found.
Resumen Introducción: La relación entre el nacimiento por operación cesárea y las enfermedades alérgicas es controversial. El objetivo del presente estudio fue investigar si el nacimiento por cesárea se asocia con la prevalencia de las enfermedades alérgicas y sus síntomas en escolares. Métodos: Estudio transversal que incluyó una muestra probabilística de niños de 6 a 7 años. Se registraron la presencia de enfermedades alérgicas y sus síntomas, la historia familiar de asma, el tabaquismo en los padres, la alimentación al seno materno, la exposición a mascotas, la estación de nacimiento, el número de hermanos, el consumo de leche no pasteurizada de vaca y la vía de nacimiento. Resultados: Se incluyeron 1003 sujetos (526 niñas), de los cuales el 44.2% nacieron por cesárea. La prevalencia de enfermedades alérgicas no difirió según la vía de nacimiento. El antecedente de asma en alguno de los progenitores, el tabaquismo actual en la madre, la lactancia materna y el consumo de leche no pasteurizada de vaca se asociaron con sibilancias presentes alguna vez en la vida. Conclusiones: No se demostró asociación entre el nacimiento por cesárea y las enfermedades alérgicas y sus síntomas.