ABSTRACT
Background: Hepatitis B virus(HBV) and neonatal tetanus infections remain endemic in Nigeria despite the availability of safe, effective vaccines. We aimed to determine health facilities' capacity for hepatitis B vaccine birth dose (HepBBD) and maternal tetanusdiphtheria (Td) vaccination and to assess knowledge, attitudes, and practices of HepBBD and maternal Td vaccine administration among health facility staff in Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This was a crosssectional study assessing public primary and secondary health facilities in Adamawa and Enugu States. Amultistage sampling approach was used to select 40 facilities and 79 healthcare workers(HCWs) from each state. Astructured facility assessment tool and standardized questionnaire evaluated facility characteristics and HCW knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to HepBBD and maternal Td vaccination. Frequencies and proportions were reported as descriptive statistics. Results: The survey of 80 facilities revealed that 73.8% implemented HepBBD and maternal Td vaccination policies. HepBBD was administered within 24 h of birth at 61.3% of facilities and at all times at 57.5%. However, administration seldom occurred in labor and delivery (35%) or maternity wards (16.3%). Nearly half of the facilities (46.3%) had HCWs believing there were contraindications to HepBBD vaccination. Among 158 HCWs, 26.5% believed tetanus could be transmitted through unprotected sex, prevented by vaccination at birth (46.1%), or by avoiding sharing food and utensils. 65% of HCWs knew HBV infection had the worst outcome for newborns. Conclusions: The limited implementation of national policies on HepBBD and maternal Td vaccination, coupled with knowledge gaps among HCWs, pose significant challenges to timely vaccination, necessitating interventions to address these gaps.
Contexte: Le virus de l'hépatite B (VHB) et les infections néonatales au tétanos restent endémiques au Nigéria malgré la disponibilité de vaccins sûrs et efficaces. Notre objectif était d'évaluer la capacité des établissements de santé à administrer la dose de naissance du vaccin contre l'hépatite B (HepB-BD) et le vaccin antitétanique et diphtérique (Td) maternel, ainsi que d'évaluer les connaissances, les attitudes et les pratiques du personnel des établissements de santé concernant l'administration du vaccin HepB-BD et du vaccin Td maternel au Nigéria. Matériel et méthodes: Il s'agissait d'une étude transversale portant sur les établissements de santé primaires et secondaires publics des États d'Adamawa et d'Enugu. Une approche d'échantillonnage à plusieurs degrés a été utilisée pour sélectionner 40 établissements et 79 agents de santé (AS) dans chaque État. Un outil d'évaluation structuré des établissements et un questionnaire standardisé ont permis d'évaluer les caractéristiques des établissements et les connaissances, attitudes et pratiques des AS en matière de vaccination par le HepB-BD et le Td maternel. Les fréquences et les proportions ont été rapportées sous forme de statistiques descriptives. Résultats: Les résultats de l'enquête menée auprès de 80 établissements ont révélé que 73,8 % d'entre eux appliquaient des politiques de vaccination par le HepB-BD et le Td maternel. Le HepB-BD était administré dans les 24 heures suivant la naissance dans 61,3 % des établissements et à tout moment dans 57,5 % d'entre eux. Cependant, l'administration se faisait rarement en salle de travail et d'accouchement (35 %) ou en maternité (16,3 %). Près de la moitié des établissements (46,3 %) comptaient des AS qui pensaient qu'il existait des contre-indications à la vaccination par le HepB-BD. Parmi les 158 AS, 26,5 % pensaient que le tétanos pouvait être transmis par des relations sexuelles non protégées, qu'il pouvait être prévenu par la vaccination à la naissance (46,1 %) ou en évitant de partager la nourriture et les ustensiles. Soixante-cinq pour cent des AS savaient que l'infection par le VHB avait les pires conséquences pour les nouveau-nés. Conclusion: La mise en Åuvre limitée des politiques nationales sur la vaccination par le HepB-BD et le Td maternel, associée aux lacunes de connaissances parmi les AS, constituent des défis importants pour la vaccination à temps, ce qui nécessite des interventions pour combler ces lacunes.
Subject(s)
Tetanus , Attitude , Hepatitis B virus , Vaccination , Hepatitis B Vaccines , Parturition , Diphtheria , Contraindications , InfectionsABSTRACT
Introducción. La edad en que los niños son introducidos a los dispositivos de comunicación es cada vez más temprana. Las investigaciones sobre los hábitos relacionados con ellos, en niños pequeños, son importantes. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir los hábitos sobre el uso de dispositivos mediáticos (edad de comienzo, tiempo frente a las pantallas, preferencias populares) de niños preescolares y explorar la relación con las características familiares. Población y métodos. Estudio descriptivo transversal: Los padres de niños de 36-72 meses que asistían a los centros de cuidado infantil en Kayseri, una ciudad central de Anatolia, Turquía, completaron un cuestionario sobre los hábitos familiares y de los niños, relacionados con los medios de comunicación. Resultados. Se incluyeron 858 cuestionarios. El 28 % de los niños utilizaban pantallas por más de 2 h/día; el 36 % fueron introducidos a los dispositivos de comunicación antes de los 2 años de edad. La televisión fue el dispositivo más usado (95 %), y los dibujos animados, el programa elegido en el 86,7 %. Los hijos de padres con educación superior tuvieron menos tiempo de pantallas frente a la televisión, la computadora o el teléfono móvil (p = 0,012; p = 0,007; p <0,01 para la madre y p = 0,049; p = 0,032; p = 0,04 para el padre respectivamente). La introducción de libros en los primeros 6 meses de edad se asoció con menor tiempo diario frente a las pantallas (p = 0,011; p = 0,009; p = 0,002 para televisión, computadora y teléfono móvil, respectivamente). El tiempo de los padres frente a la televisión se correlacionó positivamente con el de los niños (p <0,05; r: 0,354). Conclusión. El nivel de educación de los padres, el tiempo que ellos dedican a las pantallas y la introducción de libros en etapas tempranas se relacionaron con los hábitos de los niños frente a los dispositivos mediáticos. Se necesitan estudios amplios para explicar esta relación con mayor claridad.
Introduction: The age at which children are introduced to media devices is becoming increasingly earlier. Studies regarding the media habits of young children have gained importance. The aim of the study was to describe the screen media habits (age of introduction media, time spend with screen, popular choices) of preschool children and to explore their relationship with household characteristics. Population and methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study; the parents of children aged 36-72 months who attended childcare centers in Kayseri, a central Anatolian city in Türkiye, completed a questionnaire on media habits of families and children. Results: There were 858 questionaires included. The proportion of children using screen media more than 2 h/day was 28%; 36% of children were introduced to media devices before the age of two. The most frequently used media tool was television (95%) and the program watched was cartoons for TV (86.7%). Children of highly educated parents had shorter TV, computer and smartphone screen time (p = 0.012, p = 0.007, p <0.01 for mother and p = 0.049, p = 0.032, p = 0.04 for father respectively). Introducing books in the first 6 months was associated with shorter daily screen time (p = 0.011, p = 0.009, p = 0.002 for TV, computer and smartphone ,respectively). Parent's time spent on TV was positively correlated with children's time spent on TV (p <0.05, r = 0.354). Conclusion: Parents' education levels, parents' screen time and introducing book in early age was related to children's media habits. Comprehensive studies are needed to explain this relationship more clearly.
Subject(s)
Humans , Child, Preschool , Parents , Screen Time , Mothers , Turkey , Attitude , Cross-Sectional StudiesABSTRACT
Chile es un país que enfrenta un envejecimiento poblacional acelerado, y con ello cambios en la estructura demográfica, epidemiológica y asistencial, donde la salud sexual de las personas mayores es un área emergente a nivel social y en los sistemas de salud. Esta investigación tiene por objetivos identificar aspectos generales de la sexualidad en las personas mayores, y conocer contenidos educativos entregados a este grupo con tecnologías digitales. Para ello, se propuso una revisión de literatura científica que buscó investigaciones en la materia entre el 1 de enero de 2018 y el 31 diciembre de 2022, en las bases de datos, A partir de ello se analizaron los artículos encontrados y la información emergente. Se encontraron 1573 artículos de los cuales se incluyeron 21 trabajos, 11 con metodología cualitativa, 6 cuantitativa y 4 mixta. Además, 9 trataron el área de sexualidad y 12 respecto de innovaciones tecnológicas en personas mayores. Se aprecia que la sexualidad es un tema creciente a nivel mundial, que arrastra idearios socioculturales asociados a visiones dogmáticas y a mitos, con discriminación hacia este grupo de edad, sobre todo si pertenecen a minorías sexuales. También se observa en este grupo de interés un mejor acceso a nuevas tecnologías digitales para acceder a capacitación, integración social y atención oportuna en salud. La evidencia científica demuestra que la sexualidad de las personas mayores es un tema de interés mundial, invisibilizado, con baja formación y capacitación del personal sanitario. Este personal no educa ni resuelve estos motivos de consulta en forma tradicional o con nuevas tecnologías digitales en salud.
Chile is facing an increasingly aging population and, with it, changes in its demographic, epidemiological, and healthcare structure. As a result, the sexual health of the elderly is an emerging area at the social level and in healthcare systems. This research aims to identify general aspects of sexuality in the elderly and learn about educational content delivered to this group using digital technologies. To do this, we proposed a review of scientific literature on the subject between January 1st, 2018, and December 31st, 2022, in the databases Web of Science, MEDLINE/PubMed, LILACS, Cochrane, Scopus, and Google Scholar. The articles found, and the emerging information was analyzed. A total of 1573 articles were found, of which 21 papers were finally included, 11 with qualitative methodology, six quantitative, and four mixed. In addition, nine addressed the area of sexuality, and 12 focused on technological innovations for the elderly. Sexuality is a growing topic worldwide, carrying with it sociocultural beliefs associated with dogmatic opinions and myths, with discrimination against this age group, especially if they belong to sexual minorities. This group also has better access to new digital technologies that facilitate access to training, social integration, and timely healthcare. Scientific evidence shows that the sexuality of the elderly is a topic of global interest, invisibilized, with low education and training of healthcare workers. The latter are neither informed nor able to solve the reasons for consultation in the traditional way or with new digital health technologies.
Subject(s)
Humans , Aged , Sexual Behavior , Sexuality , Attitude , Health Personnel , LearningABSTRACT
Objective.To investigate the relationship between environmental ethics, spiritual health, and environmental behavior among nursing students . Methods. In this cross-sectional study, 200 iranian students from the Chabahar Nursing School were selected using a simple random sampling method. The data collection tool included a questionnaire on demographic information, knowledge, attitudes and behaviors towards the environment, environmental ethics, and spiritual health. Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was utilized to evaluate the conceptual framework in this study. Results. The mean score for environmental ethics among nursing students was 65.73±10.61 out of 100. Most of the students (47%) had desirable environmental ethics. The knowledge structure (ß=0.46) predicted attitude. The attitude structure also predicted environmental behavior (ß=0.28) and spiritual health (ß=0.31). Ultimately, the results showed that spiritual health and environmental ethics predict environmental behavior directly and indirectly (p<0.001). Conclusion. Spiritual health and environmental ethics were strong predictors of environmental behavior. Therefore, it is necessary to take into account not only students' spiritual health but also their ethical behaviors to promote environmental protection behaviors in the future.
Objetivo. Investigar la relación entre la ética ambiental, la salud espiritual y el comportamiento ambiental entre los estudiantes de enfermería. Métodos. En este estudio transversal se seleccionaron 200 estudiantes iraníes de la Escuela de Enfermería de Chabahar mediante un método de muestreo aleatorio simple. La herramienta de recogida de datos incluía un cuestionario sobre información demográfica, conocimientos, actitudes y comportamientos hacia el medio ambiente, ética medioambiental y salud espiritual. Se utilizó el modelo de ecuaciones estructurales por mínimos cuadrados parciales (PLS-SEM) para evaluar el marco conceptual de este estudio. Resultados. La puntuación media en ética medioambiental entre los estudiantes de enfermería fue de 65.73±10.61 sobre 100. El 47% de los estudiantes tenían una ética medioambiental deseable. La estructura de conocimientos (0.46) predijo la actitud. La estructura de la actitud también predijo el comportamiento medioambiental (0.28) y la salud espiritual (0.31). En última instancia, los resultados mostraron que la salud espiritual y la ética medioambiental predicen el comportamiento medioambiental directa e indirectamente (p<0.001). Conclusión. La salud espiritual y la ética medioambiental fueron fuertes predictores del comportamiento medioambiental. Por lo tanto, es necesario tener en cuenta no sólo la salud espiritual de los estudiantes, sino también sus comportamientos éticos para promover conductas de protección del medio ambiente en el futuro.
Objetivo. Investigar a relação entre ética ambiental, saúde espiritual e comportamento ambiental entre estudantes de enfermagem. Métodos. Neste estudo transversal, 200 estudantes da Escola de Enfermagem de Chabahar (Irã) foram selecionados usando um método de amostragem aleatória simples. A ferramenta de coleta de dados incluiu um questionário sobre informações demográficas, conhecimento, atitudes e comportamentos em relação ao meio ambiente, ética ambiental e saúde espiritual. A modelagem de equações estruturais por mínimos quadrados parciais (PLS-SEM) foi usada para avaliar a estrutura conceitual deste estudo. Resultados. A pontuação média sobre ética ambiental entre os estudantes de enfermagem foi de 65.73±10.61 de um total de 100. 47% dos estudantes tinham uma ética ambiental desejável. A estrutura de conhecimento (0.46) previu a atitude. A estrutura da atitude também previu o comportamento ambiental (0.28) e a saúde espiritual (0.31). Por fim, os resultados mostraram que a saúde espiritual e a ética ambiental previram o comportamento ambiental direta e indiretamente (p<0.001). Conclusão. A saúde espiritual e a ética ambiental foram fortes preditores do comportamento ambiental. Portanto, é necessário considerar não apenas a saúde espiritual dos alunos, mas também seus comportamentos éticos, a fim de promover comportamentos de proteção ambiental no futuro.
Subject(s)
Humans , Students, Nursing , Behavior , Attitude , Conservation of Natural Resources , KnowledgeABSTRACT
Increasing longevity poses major challenges for society and older persons, highlighting the importance of identifying factors that promote healthy aging and the maintenance of functional abilities. Among these factors, psychological well-being particularly purpose in life is crucial. Purpose in life (PL) is associated with a positive worldview and emotional well-being. The literature suggests that the perception of higher PL can act as a protective factor against conditions such as stress and depression, motivating older individuals to take better care of their physical and mental health. Furthermore, involvement in sports, especially among masters' athletes, not only promotes physical health but also strengthens a sense of community and purpose. For these individuals, sport is not just a form of physical exercise, but a continuous source of challenges, social connection, and inspiration. Thus, discovering and cultivating purpose in older age not only improves individual quality of life, but also inspires others to adopt active and meaningful lifestyles, challenging conventional expectations of aging. (AU)
O aumento da longevidade traz desafios importantes para a sociedade e pessoas idosas, destacando a importância de identificar fatores que promovam o envelhecimento saudável e a manutenção das habilidades funcionais. Entre esses fatores, o bem-estar psicológico, particularmente o propósito de vida, destaca-se como fundamental. O propósito de vida está associado a uma visão positiva do mundo e ao bem-estar emocional. A literatura sugere que a percepção de propósito de vida elevado pode atuar como fator protetor contra condições como estresse e depressão, motivando as pessoas idosas a cuidarem melhor da saúde física e mental. Além disso, a prática esportiva, especialmente entre os atletas master, não só promove a saúde física, mas também fortalece o senso de comunidade e propósito. Para esses indivíduos, o esporte não é apenas um exercício físico, mas uma fonte contínua de desafio, conexão social e inspiração. Assim, descobrir e cultivar um propósito na velhice não apenas melhora a qualidade de vida individual, mas também inspira outros a adotarem estilos de vida ativos e significativos, desafiando as expectativas convencionais do envelhecimento. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Aging , Psychology, Sports , Attitude , Athletes , Psychological Well-BeingABSTRACT
Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo analisar as atitudes dos professores em relação às pessoas com deficiência nas aulas de Educação Física. Participaram da pesquisa 46 professores de Educação Física, de ambos os sexos, com idade entre 26 e 54 anos, sendo utilizado um questionário de 12 questões. Os resultados mostraram que a maioria dos professores respondeu de forma otimista quanto à habilidade de lidar com os alunos com deficiência. Além disso, a maioria concorda que a interação dos alunos é benéfica para todos. Conclui-se que os participantes acreditam que a interação dos alunos com deficiência seja benéfica para o desenvolvimento dos mesmos e dos demais. Além disso, os pro-fessores demonstraram interesse em buscar conhecimentos para trabalhar com a diversidade (AU).
This research aimed to analyze the attitudes of teachers towards people with disabilities in Physical Education classes. Forty-six Physical Education teachers of both sexes, 26 - 54 years of age, participated in the study by responding to a 12-question questionnaire. The results show that most teachers responded with optimism about the ability to deal with students with disabilities. It is concluded that the participants believe that interaction with students with disabilities is beneficial for their development and that of others. In addition, teachers showed interest in seeking knowledge to work with diversity (AU).
Esta investigación tiene como objetivo analizar las actitudes de los profesores hacia las personas con discapacidad en las clases de Educación Física. Participaron de la investigación 46 profesores de Educación Física, de ambos sexos, con edades entre 26 y 54 años, utilizando un cuestionario de 12 preguntas. Los resultados mostraron que la mayoría de los docentes respondieron con optimismo con respecto a su capacidad para tratar con estudiantes con discapacidades. Además, la mayoría está de acuerdo en que la interacción de los estudiantes trae beneficios para todos. Se concluye que los participantes creen que la interacción de los estudiantes con discapacidad es beneficiosa para su desarrollo y el de los demás. Además, los docentes (AU).
Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Middle Aged , Physical Education and Training , Students , Disabled Persons , Faculty , Attitude , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
Este estudo objetivou investigar as Representações So-ciais (RS) de mães com filhos de dois contextos socio-educativos sobre a homossexualidade. Para tanto, foram entrevistadas 115 mães que tinham filhos em escolas pú-blicas (58) e em escolas privadas (57), entre os anos de 2010 e 2011, na cidade de João Pessoa-pb. As entrevistas foram do tipo semiestruturadas, e, para este estudo, foi selecionada uma das questões que tratava a respeito das Representações Sociais RS acerca do público lgbtqia+. Para a análise de dados, foi utilizado o software iramuteqe os resultados foram discutidos com base na teoria das rs e em estudos empíricos da área. Os discursos das mães foram categorizados em classes referentes aos conteúdos: Humanitário ou de aceitação; Respeito à autonomia; Aceitação e preconceito disfarçado; Direitos e deveres; Neutralidade; e Discurso religioso pró-discriminação. A partir dos resultados, verificou-se que os discursos das mães variaram em função do nível de aceitação da homossexualidade e da amplitude da perspectiva social que elas adotavam. As ancoragens sociais verificadas para as classes foram: nível socioeconômico das mães e pertença religiosa. Observou-se que, nesse período de estudo, nos discursos das mães evangélicas foram mais frequentes posicionamentos que justificavam posturas discriminatórias ao público lgbtqia+. Nesse sentido, apesar dos avanços das leis nesse recorte de tempo, predominaram nos discursos posições discriminatórias e preconceituosas. Ainda assim, foram observados dis-cursos indicativos de aceitação da homossexualidade.
Este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar las Representaciones Sociales (RS) de madres con hijos de dos contextos socioeducativos sobre la homosexualidad. Para ello, fueron entrevistadas 115 madres que tenían hijos en escuelas públicas (58) y privadas (57) entre 2010 y 2011, en la ciudad de João Pessoa-PB. Las entrevistas fueron semiestructuradas y para este estudio se seleccionó una de las preguntas que trataba sobre las Representaciones Sociales RS respecto del público lgbtqia+. Para el análisis de los datos se utilizó el software iramuteqy se discutieron los resultados con base en la teoría de las rs y estudios empíricos en el área. Los discursos de las madres fueron categorizados en clases relacionadas con el contenido: Humanitarismo o aceptación; Respeto de la autonomía; Aceptación y prejuicio sutil; Derechos y deberes; Neutralidad; y Discurso religioso favorable a la discriminación. En los resultados se encontró que los discursos de las madres variaron dependiendo del nivel de aceptación de la homosexualidad y de la amplitud de la perspectiva social que adoptaron. Los anclajes sociales verificados para las clases fueron nivel socioeconómico y afiliación religiosa de las madres. Se observó que, durante este período de estudio, en los discursos de las madres evangélicas fueron más frecuentes posiciones que justificaban actitudes discriminatorias hacia el público lgbtqia+. En este sentido, a pesar de los avances en las leyes en este período, en los discursos predominaron posiciones discriminatorias y prejuiciosas. Aun así, se observaron discursos que indicaban la aceptación de la homosexualidad.
This study aimed to investigate the Social Represen-tations (SR) of mothers with children from two socio-educational contexts about homosexuality. To this end, 115 mothers who had children in public schools (58) and private schools (57) were interviewed be-tween 2010 and 2011, in the city of João Pessoa-pb. The interviews were semi-structured, and, for this study, one of the questions was selected that dealt with SR regarding the lgbtqia+ community. For data analysis, the iramuteq software was used and the results were discussed based on SR theory and empirical studies in the area. The mothers' discourses were cate-gorized into classes according to content: Humanitarian or acceptance; Respect for autonomy; Acceptance and disguised prejudice; Rights and duties; Neutrality; and Pro-discrimination religious discourse. The results show that the mothers' discourses varied depending on the level of acceptance of homosexuality and the breadth of the social perspective they adopted. The social anchors ver-ified for the classes were: mothers' socioeconomic level and religious affiliation. It was observed that, during this period of study, in the discourses of evangelical mothers, positions that justified discriminatory attitudes towards the lgbtqia+ community were more frequent. In this sense, despite advances in laws in this period of time, discriminatory and prejudiced positions predominated in the discourses. Even so, discourses indicating accep-tance of homosexuality were observed.
Subject(s)
Humans , Prejudice , Religion , Schools , Attitude , Homosexuality , Socioeconomic Survey , Social Discrimination , Social Representation , MothersABSTRACT
Positive and negative life events play a decisive role in the development, maintenance, and recovery of eating disorders (Schmidt et al., 1997). For this reason, they can be considered risk and protective factors for eating disorders. However, little is known about how these life events relate to the experience of specific emotions or feelings and their meaning from the patient's perspec-tive. Only recently has psychological theory begun to consider the role of emotions in eating disorders. Therefore, in this study, 18 female patients with ages ranging between 16 and 21 years with anorexia and bu-limia nervosa identified their happiest and saddest life events, as well as their related emotional experiences. Text analyses were conducted using the software pro-gram QSR-N*Vivo. Findings showed that the saddest events (e.g., the death of a relative) were related to feelings of perceived lack and loss of support and self-worth, and the happiest events (e.g., the beginning of a relationship) were related to feelings of perceived social support and affection, personal valuation, a sense of family unity, autonomy and independence. In treatment programs, it is essential to enhance patient resources and increase the presence of positive emotional experiences. Additionally, emotional regulatory strategies and competencies should be promoted to deal with nega- tive emotional experiences, considering that some eating disorder behaviors may be used to moderate or suppress negative emotions related specific past or current life events.
Los acontecimientos vitales positivos y negativos desempeñan un papel determinante en el desarrollo, el mantenimiento y la recuperación de los trastornos alimentarios. Por este motivo, los acontecimientos vitales pueden considerarse factores de riesgo y de protección para el trastorno alimentario. Sin embargo, poco se sabe sobre cómo estos acontecimientos vitales se relacionan con la experiencia de emociones o sentimientos específicos y su significado desde la perspectiva del paciente. Solo recientemente la teoría psicológica ha empezado a considerar el papel de las emociones en estos trastornos. En este estudio, 18 pacientes femeninas con edades entre los 16 y 21 años con anorexia y bulimia nerviosa identificaron sus acontecimientos vitales más felices y más tristes, así como sus experiencias emocionales relacionadas. Se realizaron análisis de texto con el pro-grama QSR-N*Vivo. Los resultados mostraron que los acontecimientos más tristes (por ejemplo, la muerte de un familiar) estaban relacionados con sentimientos de falta y pérdida percibida de apoyo y autoestima, y los acontecimientos más felices (por ejemplo, el comienzo de una relación) estaban relacionados con sentimientos de apoyo social y afecto percibidos, valoración personal, sentido de unidad familiar, autonomía e independencia. En los programas de tratamiento es clave potenciar los recursos del paciente y aumentar la presencia de experiencias emocionales positivas. Deben promoverse estrategias y competencias de regulación emocional para hacer frente a las experiencias emocionales negativas, teniendo en cuenta que algunas conductas relacionadas con los trastornos alimentarios pueden utilizarse para moderar o suprimir emociones negativas relaciona-das con acontecimientos vitales específicos pasados o actuales.
Os eventos positivos e negativos da vida desempenham um papel importante no desenvolvimento, na manu-tenção e na recuperação dos transtornos alimentares e, por essa razão, podem ser considerados tanto de risco quanto de proteção para o transtorno alimentar. No entanto, pouco se sabe sobre como esses eventos da vida se relacionam com a experiência de emoções ou sentimentos específicos e seu sentido na perspectiva do paciente. Apenas recentemente a teoria psicológica começou a considerar o papel das emoções nesses trans-tornos. Neste estudo, 18 pacientes do sexo feminino, com idades entre 16 e 21 anos, com anorexia e bulimia nervosa, identificaram seus eventos de vida mais felizes e mais tristes e as experiências emocionais a eles rela-cionadas. As análises de texto foram realizadas com o programa QSR-N*Vivo. Os resultados mostraram que os eventos mais tristes (por exemplo, a morte de um membro da família) estavam relacionados a sentimentos de percepção de falta e perda de apoio e autoestima, e os eventos mais felizes (por exemplo, o início de um relacionamento) estavam associados a sentimentos de percepção de apoio social e afeto, autoestima, senso de unidade familiar, autonomia e independência. Nos programas de tratamento, é importante aprimorar os recursos do paciente e aumentar a presença de expe-riências emocionais positivas. Devem ser promovidas estratégias de regulação emocional e habilidades para lidar com experiências emocionais negativas, levan-do em conta também que alguns comportamentos de transtorno alimentar podem ser usados para moderar ou suprimir emoções negativas relacionadas a eventos da vida específicos, passados ou atuais.
Subject(s)
Humans , Patients , Psychological Theory , Social Support , Behavior , Attitude , Family , Feeding and Eating Disorders , Risk , Risk Factors , Eating , Emotions , Protective Factors , Emotional Regulation , AffectABSTRACT
Introducción. La viruela del mono, o mpox, ha pasado de ser una enfermedad endémica de África a una preocupación global con un aumento alarmante de casos en todo el mundo desde mayo de 2022. Esta rápida propagación llevó a la OMS a declarar la mpox como una emergencia de salud pública internacional en julio de 2022, subrayando la gravedad de la situación. Objetivo. Evaluar los conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas (CAP) relacionados con la viruela del mono (mpox) en la población general de Paraguay durante el 2024. Materiales y Métodos. Se realizó un estudio observacional, transversal, utilizando un cuestionario en línea distribuido a través de redes sociales y aplicaciones de mensajería. El cuestionario fue validado previamente mediante un panel de expertos y una prueba piloto. Resultados. Se incluyeron 319 participantes, con una distribución por sexo de 50,8% femenino. El grupo de edad más representado fue de 30-44 años (35,1%). El 55,8% reportó educación universitaria y el 80,3% residía en Asunción y Central. Solo el 2,5% de los participantes mostró un alto nivel de conocimiento sobre mpox. El 62,1% percibió mpox como una amenaza seria para la salud pública. La disposición a vacunarse contra mpox fue alta, con un 79,6% indicando que definitiva o probablemente se vacunaría. Conclusión. Este estudio identifica importantes brechas de conocimiento sobre mpox en la población general de Paraguay, pero también revela actitudes favorables hacia la prevención y el control de la enfermedad. Palabras clave: mpox; conocimientos; actitud; Paraguay; salud pública
Introduction. Monkeypox, or mpox, has transformed from an endemic disease in Africa to a global concern with an alarming increase in cases worldwide since May 2022. This rapid spread led the WHO to declare mpoxa public health emergency of international concern in July 2022, highlighting the gravity of the situation. Objective. To assess knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) related to monkeypox (mpox) in the general population of Paraguay during 2024. Materials and Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted using an online questionnaire distributed through social media and messaging applications. The questionnaire was previously validated by an expert panel and a pilot test. Results. 319 participants were included, with a gender distribution of 50.8% female. The most represented age group was 30-44 years (35.1%). 55.8% reported university education and 80.3% resided in Asunción and Central. Only 2.5% of participants showed a high level of knowledge about mpox. 62.1% perceived mpox as a serious threat to public health. Willingness to be vaccinated against mpox was high, with 79.6% indicating that they would or probably get vaccinated.Conclusion. This study identifies important knowledge gaps about mpox in the general population of Paraguay, but also reveals favorable attitudes toward prevention and control of the disease. Key words: mpox; knowledge; attitud; Paraguay; public health
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Mpox (monkeypox) , Paraguay , Attitude , Public Health , KnowledgeABSTRACT
Introducción. La salud mental de los médicos y estudiantes de medicina ha sido estudiada extensamente en Paraguay. Sin embargo, no se han realizado estudios que se enfoquen en las actitudes o creencias que este grupo tiene sobre el suicidio. Objetivo. Identificar y caracterizar las creencias sobre el suicidio entre estudiantes de medicina y médicos residentes de la Universidad Nacional de Asunción. Además, analizar posibles diferencias en las actitudes según el nivel de formación y explorar posibles asociaciones con factores sociodemográficos. Materiales y Método. este estudio observacional descriptivo-analítico de corte transversal utilizó un muestreo de conveniencia e incluyó a 174 participantes que completaron un cuestionario validado sobre sus creencias suicidas. El análisis de datos se realizó mediante SPSS, utilizando estadísticas descriptivas y pruebas de chi-cuadrado y V de Cramér. Resultados. El 72,4 % de los participantes tenían actitudes favorables hacia el suicidio, los médicos residentes presentaron creencias más positivas sobre el suicidio en comparación con los estudiantes. No se encontraron asociaciones entre las actitudes y variables como el sexo o la experiencia personal con el suicidio. Conclusión. Hubo variaciones en las creencias sobre el suicidio según el nivel educativo, lo que sugiere que la exposición clínica podría influir en actitudes empáticas. Estos hallazgos destacan la necesidad de considerar el contexto educativo y la experiencia al diseñar intervenciones que promuevan actitudes compasivas sobre el suicidio en el ámbito sanitario. Palabras clave: suicidio; actitud; estudiantes de medicina; médicos residentes; salud mental
Introduction. The mental health of physicians and medical students has been studied extensively in Paraguay. However, no studies have focused on the attitudes or beliefs that this group holds about suicide. Objective. To identify and characterize beliefs about suicide among medical students and residents of the National University of Asunción. Additionally, it aimed to analyze whether there were differences in attitudes according to the level of training and to explore possible associations with sociodemographic factors. Materials and Method. This cross-sectional observational descriptive-analytical study used a convenience sampling method. The sample included 174 participants who completed a validated questionnaire on their suicidal beliefs. Data analysis was performed using SPSS, employing descriptive statistic, as well as chi-squared and Cramér's V tests. Results. 72.4% of the participants had favorable attitudes toward suicide; medical residents showed more positive beliefs about suicide than students. No associations were found between attitudes and variables such as gender or personal experience with suicide. Conclusion.Variations in beliefs about suicide were found according to educational level, suggesting that clinical exposure might influence empathetic attitudes. These findings highlight the need to consider the educational context and professional experience when designing interventions to promote compassionate attitudes about suicide in healthcare settings. Key words: suicide; attitude; medical students; medical residents; mental health
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Suicide , Students, Medical , Attitude , HealthABSTRACT
Introduction@#Patient education is integral in the management of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), a common pregnancy complication that may cause adverse perinatal outcomes. This study evaluated the effect of diabetes education on the knowledge and attitude among patients with GDM, comparing pre- vs post-diabetes session scores and determining pregnancy outcomes.@*Methodology@#A one-group pre-test and post-test experimental design study was conducted on 75 patients after one- session diabetes counseling using the Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Knowledge Questionnaire (GDMKQ) and the third version of the Diabetes Attitude Scale (DAS-3).@*Results@#Of the 75 subjects, 84% exhibited adequate knowledge of diabetes. Post-education, a significant increase in the total scores was seen among those less than 35 years of age (p-value: 0.003), both employed and unemployed (p-value: 0.0.026, 0.047, respectively), with a secondary level of education (p-value: 0.014) and multigravid (p-value: 0.015). An overall median positive attitude score of 3.6 was documented. For neonatal outcomes, no adverse events existed. For maternal outcomes, 17.9% had elevated fasting blood glucose while 7.1% had elevated 2-hour post-glucose tolerance test.@*Conclusion@#Diabetes education improves patient’s knowledge but not their attitude. Hence, improvement in attitude interventions should be incorporated into the current diabetes education program.
Subject(s)
Diabetes, Gestational , Knowledge , AttitudeABSTRACT
@#The increase in coronavirus disease (COVID-19) cases in the Philippines has created an alarming issue in high-density public places, such as schools and universities. Personal preventive behaviors that the students exercise play a big part in whether such behaviors prevent or only predispose them even more to contracting the virus. Several factors may influence the personal preventive behaviors of an individual. These include attitude, awareness, personal beliefs, and culture concerning the disease. Through outlining these several factors, the researchers aim to identify the main attributes that determine students’ preferred COVID-19 personal preventive behavior and implemented precautionary measures. The researchers used a two-part survey: socioeconomic and demographic followed by an orthogonal plan. The safety protocols implemented by the university were found to be the most important factor, followed by knowledge about the disease, communication channels, attitude, and social construct of the family. Thus, this follows that based on the attribute’s importance value, the students prefer safety protocols that are most implemented by the university while social construct of the family is the least preferred. These findings suggest that the safety protocols implemented by the university are the most important factor, hence, policy implementation and strengthening should be observed by the university.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Knowledge , Perception , AttitudeABSTRACT
Background@#Child-rearing is challenging for adolescent mothers at risk of providing limited care to their children because of the challenges and demands of simultaneously being an adolescent and a mother. Children aged 0-2 years depend on caregivers like their young mothers to promote their physical, emotional, social, and cognitive growth and development.@*Objective@#The study aimed to determine the effectiveness of the Child-rearing Information Booklet (CRIB) among adolescent mothers with children aged 0-2 years on the three dimensions of knowledge, attitude, and practices.@*Methods@#The study utilized the quasi-experimental non-equivalent pre-test-post-test control group design to investigate 30 intervention and 30 comparison adolescent mothers with children aged 0-2 years who met the study criteria in Baguio City from January 2019 to January 2021. The fishbowl sampling technique was used in selecting the population and the specific barangays. A validated self-made questionnaire (I-CVI of 0.95 with Cronbach's α of 0.96) determined both groups' knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP). The study used the weighted mean for adolescent mothers' KAP while an independent sample t-test analyzed the significant change in the scores of both groups and to answer the significant difference in the pre- and post-test scores between the two groups.@*Results@#The results revealed that both groups are knowledgeable about child-rearing skills. Both groups have a favorable attitude when caring for their children and have a very satisfactory practice in childcare. The study also yielded a significant difference in the change of scores in the pre-and post-test scores of the two groups, specifically in knowledge and practice, while no significant difference in their attitude. It also presented a significant difference in the post-test scores between the two groups along with their knowledge (large effect size), attitude (medium effect size), and practices (large effect size).@*Conclusions@#Adolescent mothers have pre-existing KAP in child-rearing. The CRIB effectively enhances adolescent mothers' child-rearing knowledge and practice. Also, the increase of scores in KAP in child-rearing during the posttest may not be solely caused by the CRIB but also influenced by their age, level of education, living environment, experience in child-rearing, and age of their child. The CRIB has a high practical significance in improving the knowledge and practices among adolescent mothers but not in their attitude.
Subject(s)
Adolescent Mothers , Knowledge , AttitudeABSTRACT
Background and Objective@#Colorectal cancer (CRC) has the third highest incidence in the Philippines. Currently, there is a paucity in literature that is focused on the knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of Filipinos regarding CRC screening. This is the first study in the Philippines that describes this. @*Methods@#This is a cross-sectional study that validated a 52-item Filipino questionnaire on the knowledge on colorectal cancer, willingness to undergo CRC screening, and perceived benefits and barriers to fecal occult blood test (FOBT) and colonoscopy. The study enrolled household heads more than 20 years of age residing in both urban and rural communities in the Philippines. @*Results@#The UP-PGH CRC KAP (University of the Philippines – Philippine General Hospital Colorectal Cancer Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices) and Rawl Questionnaire’s validity and internal consistency were established in a pilot study of 30 respondents. A total of 288 respondents were then enrolled to the main study group with a median age of 54.0. Knowledge scores for prognosis and utility of CRC screening were modest (6.3/12 and 8.4/20, respectively). Perceived benefit scores to FOBT and colonoscopy were high (9.9/12 and 13.9/16, respectively).Median scores to barriers to FOBT and colonoscopy were intermediate (22.5/36 and 35.8/60, respectively). Notably, a vast majority (86.1%) were willing to participate in CRC screening programs initiated by the government, and 46.9% agreed to undergo screening tests even as out-of-pocket expense. @*Conclusion@#The UP-PGH CRC KAP Questionnaire as well as the Filipino translation of the Rawl Questionnaire are reliable and valid tools in extensively assessing the knowledge of Filipinos on CRC and willingness to undergo screening, as well as the benefits of and barriers to FOBT and colonoscopy. Knowledge scores were modest suggesting that directed educational campaigns and awareness programs can aid in increasing awareness about CRC and its screening. Household income and highest educational attainment were significantly positively correlated with knowledge scores, and perceived benefits of and barriers to CRC screening. Scores were generally comparable between urban and rural communities.
Subject(s)
Knowledge , AttitudeABSTRACT
O modelo de demandas e recursos foi utilizado para identificar o poder preditivo do estilo pessoal do terapeuta e do trabalho emocional (demandas), e da inteligência emocional e autoeficácia profissional (recursos) sobre as dimensões da síndrome de Burnout (SB), em uma amostra de 240 psicólogos clínicos brasileiros. Os dados foram coletados por meio de plataforma online, tendo como instrumentos de pesquisa um Questionário de dados sociodemográficos e laborais, o Cuestionario para la Evaluación del Síndrome de Quemarse por el Trabajo, o Cuestionario del Estilo Personal del Terapeut, o Questionário de Avaliação Relacionado a Demandas Emocionais e Dissonância da Regra da Emoção, Medida de Inteligência Emocional, e Escala de Autoeficácia Geral Percebida. Os resultados obtidos revelaram um modelo preditor das dimensões da SB, constituído pelas variáveis dissonância emocional, automotivação, demandas emocionais, instrução, envolvimento e autoeficácia. Ressalta-se a relevância de estratégias voltadas para a prevenção da SB nessa categoria profissional, bem como a necessidade de ações que visem a promoção e o desenvolvimento da inteligência emocional e da autoeficácia como fortalecimento dos recursos emocionais para atuação na prática clínica.(AU)
The Model of Demands - Resources was used to identify the predictive power of therapist's personal style, emotional work (Demands), Emotional intelligence, and professional self-efficacy (Resources) over the Burnout syndrome dimensions in a sample of 240 Brazilian clinical psychologists. The data was collected by an on-line platform using a Labor and social demographic data questionnaire, a work Burnout Syndrome Evaluation questionnaire (CESQT - Cuestionario para la Evaluación del Síndrome de Quemarse por el Trabajo), the short version of the Therapist Personal Style Questionnaire (EPT-C Cuestionario del Estilo Personal del Terapeuta), an Evaluation questionnaire related to emotional demands and emotion rule dissonance, and the Emotional Intelligence Measure (EIM) and Perceived General Self-Efficacy Scale (GPSS) as research instruments. Results showed a predictor model of Burnout syndrome constituted by the variables Emotional dissonance, Self-motivation, Emotional demands, Instruction, Involvement, and Self-efficacy. We emphasize the relevance of strategies to prevent Burnout Syndrome in this professional category and the need for actions to promote and develop emotional intelligence and self-efficacy as a strengthening factor of the emotional resources to work as a clinical psychologist.(AU)
Se utilizó el modelo demandas y recursos para identificar el poder predictivo del estilo personal del terapeuta y del trabajo emocional (demandas), y de la inteligencia emocional y autoeficacia profesional (recursos) sobre las dimensiones del síndrome de Burnout (SB), en una muestra de 240 psicólogos clínicos brasileños. Los datos se recolectaron de una plataforma en línea, utilizando como instrumentos de investigación un cuestionario de datos sociodemográficos y laborales, el Cuestionario para la Evaluación del Síndrome de Quemarse por el Trabajo, el Cuestionario del Estilo Personal del Terapeuta, el Cuestionario de Evaluación Relacionado con Demandas Emocionales y Disonancia de la Regla de la Emoción, la Medida de Inteligencia Emocional y Escala de Autoeficacia General Percibida. Los resultados obtenidos revelaron un modelo predictor de las dimensiones de SB, constituido por las variables disonancia emocional, automotivación, exigencias emocionales, instrucción, implicación y autoeficacia. Se destaca la relevancia de las estrategias dirigidas a la prevención del SB en esta categoría profesional, así como la necesidad de acciones dirigidas a promover y desarrollar la inteligencia emocional y la autoeficacia como fortalecimiento de los recursos emocionales para trabajar en la práctica clínica.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Societies , Burnout, Professional , Self Efficacy , Emotional Intelligence , Burnout, Psychological , Psychotherapists , Organizational Innovation , Anxiety , Pathologic Processes , Patient Participation , Permissiveness , Personal Satisfaction , Personality , Personnel Turnover , Poverty , Professional Practice , Psychology , Psychology, Clinical , Quality of Life , Aspirations, Psychological , Salaries and Fringe Benefits , Signs and Symptoms , Achievement , Social Behavior , Social Class , Psychological Distance , Social Justice , Social Mobility , Stress, Psychological , Task Performance and Analysis , Unemployment , Women, Working , Behavior , Health Services Administration , Adaptation, Psychological , Cardiovascular Diseases , Organizational Culture , Attitude , Indicators of Quality of Life , Mental Health , Family Health , Liability, Legal , Occupational Health , Mental Competency , Practice Guideline , Health Personnel , Health Care Quality, Access, and Evaluation , Time Management , Efficiency, Organizational , Comprehensive Health Care , Conflict, Psychological , Community Participation , Counseling , Health Management , Creativity , Credentialing , Defense Mechanisms , Depersonalization , Depression , Efficiency , Emotions , Empathy , Employee Grievances , Employee Incentive Plans , Employee Performance Appraisal , Employment , Workforce , Job Market , Ethics, Institutional , Mental Fatigue , Resilience, Psychological , Pleasure , Capacity Building , Social Networking , Hope , Karoshi Death , Compassion Fatigue , Emotional Adjustment , Self-Control , Occupational Stress , Frustration , Economic Status , Sadness , Emotional Regulation , Psychological Distress , Social Factors , Caregiver Burden , Financial Stress , Induced Demand , Community Support , Sociodemographic Factors , Psychological Well-Being , Collective Efficacy , Working Conditions , Group Dynamics , Overtraining Syndrome , Workforce Diversity , Psychological Growth , Coping Skills , Emotional Exhaustion , Time Pressure , Guilt , Health Occupations , Health Promotion , Income , Intelligence , Job Satisfaction , Labor Unions , Leadership , Motivation , Occupational Diseases , Occupational Health ServicesABSTRACT
Este estudo avaliou o reconhecimento (imitação, identidade e identificação) e a nomeação de estímulos emocionais de valência negativa (raiva e tristeza) e positiva (alegria e surpresa) em conjunto com a influência dos tipos de estímulos utilizados (social-feminino, social-masculino, familiar e emoji) em crianças e jovens adultos com autismo ou síndrome de Down, por meio de tarefas aplicadas pela família e mediadas por recursos tecnológicos durante a pandemia de covid-19. Participaram cinco crianças e dois jovens adultos com autismo e uma criança e dois jovens adultos com síndrome de Down. Foram implementadas tarefas de identidade, reconhecimento, nomeação e imitação, com estímulos faciais de função avaliativa (sem consequência diferencial) e de ensino (com consequência diferencial, uso de dicas e critério de aprendizagem), visando a emergência da nomeação emocional por meio do ensino das tarefas de reconhecimento. Os resultados da linha de base identificaram que, para os participantes que apresentaram menor tempo de resposta para o mesmo gênero, a diferença de tempo de resposta foi em média 57,28% menor. Em relação à valência emocional, 50% dos participantes apresentaram diferenças nos acertos, a depender da valência positiva e negativa, sendo que 66,66% apresentaram diferenças para o tempo de resposta a depender da valência emocional. Após o procedimento de ensino, os participantes mostraram maior número de acertos nas tarefas, independentemente do gênero de estímulo e valência emocional, criando ocasião para generalização da aprendizagem de reconhecimento e nomeação de emoções, além de consolidar a viabilidade de estratégias de ensino mediadas por recursos tecnológicos e aplicadas por familiares.(AU)
This study evaluated the recognition (imitation, identity, and identification) and naming of negative (anger and sadness) and positive (joy and surprise) emotional stimuli alongside the influence of the types of stimuli (social-female, social-male, family, and emoji) in children and young adults with autism and Down syndrome, via tasks applied by the family and mediated by technological resources, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Five children and two young adults with autism and one child and two young adults with Down syndrome participated. Identity, recognition, naming, and imitation tasks were planned and implemented using facial stimuli with evaluative (without differential consequence) and teaching (with differential consequence, tips, and learning criteria) functions, aiming at the emergence of emotional naming from the recognition teaching tasks. The baseline results showed that, for participants who had a shorter response time for the same gender, the response time difference was on average 57.28% lower. Regarding the emotional valence, 50% of the participants showed differences in the correct answers, depending on the positive and negative valence, and 66.66% showed differences in the response time depending on the emotional valence. After the teaching procedure, the participants showed a greater number of correct answers in the tasks, regardless of the stimulus type and emotional valence, creating an opportunity for generalizing learning of emotion recognition and naming, in addition to consolidating the feasibility of teaching strategies mediated by technological resources and applied by family members.(AU)
Este estudio evaluó el reconocimiento (imitación, identidad e identificación) y la denominación de estímulos emocionales negativos (enfado y tristeza) y positivos (alegría y sorpresa) y la influencia de los tipos de estímulos utilizados (social-femenino, social-masculino, familiar y emoji ) de niños y jóvenes con autismo o síndrome de Down, a través de tareas aplicadas por la familia, mediadas por recursos tecnológicos durante la pandemia de la covid-19. Participaron cinco niños y dos adultos jóvenes con autismo, y un niño y dos adultos jóvenes con síndrome de Down. Se planificaron e implementaron tareas de identidad, reconocimiento, nombramiento e imitación con estímulos faciales con función evaluativa (sin consecuencia diferencial) y enseñanza (con consecuencia diferencial, uso de ayudas y criterios de aprendizaje), buscando la emergencia del nombramiento emocional después de la enseñanza de tareas de reconocimiento. Los resultados de la línea de base identificaron que para los participantes que tenían un tiempo de respuesta más corto para el mismo género, la diferencia en el tiempo de respuesta fue un 57,28% menor. En cuanto a la valencia emocional, el 50% de los participantes mostraron diferencias en las respuestas correctas, en función de la valencia positiva y negativa, y el 66,66% tuvieron diferencias en el tiempo de respuesta, en función de la valencia emocional. Después del procedimiento de enseñanza, los participantes mostraron mayor número de aciertos en las tareas evaluadas, independientemente del tipo de estímulo o valencia emocional, lo que genera una oportunidad para la generalización del aprendizaje de reconocimiento y denominación de emociones, además de consolidar la viabilidad de estrategias de enseñanza mediadas por recursos tecnológicos y aplicadas por la familia.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Autistic Disorder , Family , Down Syndrome , Expressed Emotion , Emotions , Anxiety , Parent-Child Relations , Parents , Perception , Perceptual Distortion , Personality , Play and Playthings , Prejudice , Psychiatry , Psychology , Psychology, Social , Attention , Audiovisual Aids , Signs and Symptoms , Social Desirability , Social Environment , Social Values , Socialization , Stereotyping , Task Performance and Analysis , Visual Perception , Women , Behavior , Body Image , Image Processing, Computer-Assisted , Symbolism , Activities of Daily Living , Artificial Intelligence , Adaptation, Psychological , Grief , Attitude , Cognitive Behavioral Therapy , Child , Child Rearing , Chromosomes , Clinical Trial , Mental Competency , Caregivers , Cognition , Signal Detection, Psychological , Communication , Conscience , Intuition , Observation , Stereotypic Movement Disorder , Chromosome Disorders , Personal Autonomy , Adult Children , Trust , Comprehension , Personnel Delegation , Data Compression , Education , Education of Intellectually Disabled , Education, Special , Ego , Empathy , Exploratory Behavior , Face , Facial Expression , Cultural Competency , Young Adult , Fear , Feedback , Emotional Intelligence , Social Stigma , Pandemics , Social Skills , Social Norms , Emotional Adjustment , Optimism , Metacognition , Facial Recognition , Autism Spectrum Disorder , Applied Behavior Analysis , Self-Management , Respect , Emotional Regulation , Generalization, Psychological , Genetics , Social Interaction , Identity Recognition , COVID-19 , Gestures , Cognitive Training , Family Support , Processing Speed , Handling, Psychological , Imagination , Interpersonal Relations , Language , Life Change Events , Memory, Short-Term , Men , Mental Disorders , Mental Processes , Intellectual Disability , Nervous System Diseases , Neurologic Manifestations , Neurology , Neuropsychological Tests , Nonverbal CommunicationABSTRACT
Introducción: El docente universitario está sometidos a diversas presiones sociales y profesionales en su centro laboral, los cuales pueden generar ruptura de la homeostasis, y provocar estrés negativo. En tal sentido, es importante establecer acciones de intervención alternativas, como serían los posibles efectos de estímulos físicos programados, para lo cual existe la necesidad de valorar cómo influyen en los estados psicológicos del personal docente-educativo. Objetivo: Valorar los efectos de un programa de activación física en los niveles de estrés laboral en docentes universitarios de la Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo. Métodos: Investigación descriptiva/explicativa de orden correlacional, estudiando los efectos de un programa de actividad física en docentes universitarios seleccionados bajo un muestreo intensional (n= 23), valorando los efectos del estímulo físico en dos momentos del proceso de intervención, al medir el estrés auto-percibido con el cuestionario adaptado LSB-150, utilizando una escala tipo Likert. Resultados: Se presentaron diferencias significativas al valorar todas las opciones de respuesta en los dos momentos de intervención, según Friedman (Pretest: p= 0,031; Postest: p= 0,000), disminuyendo los rangos promedios en la opción Siempre, y aumentando los rangos promedios en la opción Nunca en relación al postest. La Prueba de los Signos evidenciaron diferencias significativas en la opción Siempre (p= 0,008) y la opción Nunca (p= 0,002), a favor del postest. Conclusiones: Las actividades físicas pueden contribuir a disminuir el estrés auto-percibido en docentes universitarios, aunque se recomienda establecer investigaciones de tipo experimentales, e investigar otras variables ajenas que puedan influir notablemente(AU)
Introduction: University teachers are subject to various social and professional pressures in their workplace, which can cause disruption of homeostasis and cause negative stress. In this sense, it is important to establish alternative intervention actions, such as the possible effects of programmed physical stimuli, for which there is a need to assess how they influence the psychological states of teaching-educational personnel. Objective: To assess the effects of a physical activation program on work stress levels in university teachers at the Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo. Methods: Descriptive/explanatory research of a correlational order, studying the effects of a physical activity program in university teachers selected under an intentional sampling (n= 23), evaluating the effects of the physical stimulus at two moments of the intervention process, by measuring the self-perceived stress with the adapted LSB-150 questionnaire, using a Likert-type scale. Results: There were significant differences when evaluating all the response options at the two intervention moments, according to Friedman (Pretest: p= 0.031; Posttest: p= 0.000), decreasing the average ranges in the Always option, and increasing the average ranges in the Never option in relation to posttest. The Signs Test showed significant differences in the Always option (p= 0.008) and the Never option (p= 0.002), in post-test favor. Conclusions: Physical activities can contribute to reducing self-perceived stress in university teachers, although it is recommended to establish experimental research and investigate other extraneous variables that may have a notable influence(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Exercise , Attitude , Faculty/psychology , Occupational Stress/psychology , Universities , Occupational Stress/prevention & controlSubject(s)
Oncology Nursing , Dehumanization , Humanization of Assistance , Nursing Care , Attitude , NursesABSTRACT
Abstract The Psychology of Working Theory has achieved notable prominence in career studies for its focus on how various - both individual and contextual - influence careers and job outcomes. "Volition" stands out as one of the key elements of this theory, representing the individuals' ability to make career choices despite obstacles. This study aimed to adapt and validate both internal and external structures of the Work Volition Scale - Student Version (WVS-SV) to Brazil. A total of 590 university students from public and private institutions of varied courses and semesters, mostly women (59%), took part in the study. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses indicated that the scale effectively measured two dimensions: volition and constraints. External evidence, including satisfaction with life and career, supported the theoretical aspects of this construct. The results indicated good psychometric properties of the scale to the Brazilian setting, contributing to a better understanding of career choices among university students.
Resumo O modelo da Psicologia do Trabalhar tem se destacado nos estudos de carreira, abordando como variáveis contextuais e individuais influenciam a trajetória profissional. Um conceito-chave é a volição, que representa a capacidade de fazer escolhas de carreira diante de obstáculos. O objetivo desse estudo é adaptar e apresentar evidências de validade de estrutura interna e externa para o Brasil da Work Volition Scale - Student Version. Participaram 590 estudantes universitários de diferentes cursos e semestres, de instituições públicas e privadas, com uma predominância de mulheres (59%). As análises fatoriais exploratórias e confirmatórias mostraram uma estrutura adequada, composta por duas dimensões: restrições e volição. Além disso, identificaram-se evidências externas ao relacionar com a satisfação com a vida e a carreira. Os resultados indicam boas qualidades psicométricas da Work Volition Scale - Student Version no contexto brasileiro, contribuindo para melhorar a compreensão das escolhas de carreira entre os estudantes universitários.
Resumen El modelo de Psicología del Trabajo se ha destacado en estudios de carrera, explorando cómo las variables contextuales e individuales influyen en la trayectoria profesional. Un concepto clave es la volición, que representa la capacidad de la toma de decisiones de carrera frente a obstáculos. Este estudio buscó adaptar y presentar evidencias de validez de la estructura interna y externa para Brasil de la Work Volition Scale - Student Version. Participaron 590 estudiantes universitarios de diversos cursos y semestres, tanto de instituciones públicas como privadas, con predominio de mujeres (59%). Los análisis factoriales exploratorios y confirmatorios demostraron una estructura adecuada con dos dimensiones: restricciones y volición. Además, se identificaron evidencias externas al relacionarlas con la satisfacción en la vida y la carrera. Los resultados indican buenas cualidades psicométricas de la Work Volition Scale - Student Version en el contexto brasileño, contribuyendo a una mejor comprensión de las elecciones de carrera entre los estudiantes universitarios.
Subject(s)
Humans , Psychometrics , Attitude , Homosexuality , Erotica , Factor Analysis, StatisticalABSTRACT
Medical health professionals have the opportunity to influence the oral health of children, as they are the first health professionals to come in contact with expectant mothers and parents of infants and toddlers. Aim: To evaluate and compare undergraduate medical students' knowledge, attitude, and practice about early childhood oral health care before and after educational intervention. Methods: A cohort study was conducted among undergraduate medical students during their course. The baseline knowledge and attitude of 80 medical students were evaluated using a validated questionnaire (Phase I). Following, they completed 8 hours of educational intervention and their change in the knowledge and attitude was reassessed (Phase II). The intervention continued through web-based learning till they reached their residency. The students' knowledge, attitude, and practice were again reassessed at the end of their residency (Phase III). Results: Knowledge: There was a significant increase in the knowledge about the term gum pads, from 70% in Phase I to 90% in Phase III. Only 30% of medical students knew that the oral cavity of a newborn was devoid of microorganisms during Phase I, but this knowledge improved to 86% in Phase III. Almost 58 to 90% of the medical students had a basic knowledge of the influence of high caries on mothers, the importance and benefit of antenatal counselling, and the effect of poor maternal health. In Phase I, although 92% were aware of the multifactorial pattern of dental caries, only 42% and 53% knew the causative organism and transmissibility of it from mother to child, respectively. Around 77% and 62% agreed that antenatal counselling and counselling on feeding and weaning, respectively, will prevent ECC. Attitude: The attitude towards treating primary teeth was less (66%) in Phase I, subsequently increasing to 100% at the end of Phase III. Practice: Following Phase III, most of them (88%) examined the child's oral cavity during routine medical checkups in the Knee-to-Knee position (93%) and counted the number of teeth present (91%), and they were able to identify the dental carious teeth (88%). Conclusion: The medical curriculum should include a module on early childhood oral health