ABSTRACT
Bacillus cereus is a common foodborne pathogen. Accidently eating food contaminated by B. cereus will cause vomiting or diarrhea, and even death in severe cases. In the present study, a B. cereus strain was isolated from spoiled rice by streak culture. The pathogenicity and drug resistance of the isolated strain were analyzed by drug sensitivity test and PCR amplification of virulence-associated gene respectively. Cultures of the purified strain were injected intraperitoneally into mice to examine their effects on intestinal immunity-associated factors and gut microbial communities, to provide references for the pathogenic mechanism and medication guidance of these spoilage microorganisms. The results showed that the isolated B. cereus strain was sensitive to norfloxacin, nitrofurantoin, tetracycline, minocycline, ciprofloxacin, spectinomycin, clindamycin, erythrocin, clarithromycin, chloramphenicol, levofloxacin, and vancomycin, but resistant to bactrim, oxacillin and penicillin G. The strain carries seven virulence-associated genes including hblA, hblC, hblD, nheA, nheB, nheC and entFM, which are involved in diarrhea-causing toxins production. After infecting mice, the isolated B. cereus strain was found to cause diarrhea in mice, and the expression levels of immunoglobulins and inflammatory factors in the intestinal mucosae of the challenged mice were significantly up-regulated. Gut microbiome analysis showed that the composition of gut microbial community in mice changed after infection with B. cereus. The abundance of the uncultured_bacterium_f_Muribaculaceae in Bacteroidetes, which is a marker of body health, was significantly decreased. On the other hand, the abundance of uncultured_bacterium_f_Enterobacteriaceae, which is an opportunistic pathogen in Proteobacteria and a marker of dysbacteriosis, was significantly increased and was significantly positively correlated with the concentrations of IgM and IgG. These results showed that the pathogenic B. cereus carrying diarrhea type virulence-associated gene can activate the immune system by altering the composition of gut microbiota upon infection.
Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Bacillus cereus/metabolism , Food Microbiology , Immunity, Mucosal , Diarrhea , Microbiota , Enterotoxins/geneticsABSTRACT
Bacillus cereus belongs to Gram-positive bacteria, which is widely distributed in nature and shows certain pathogenicity. Different B. cereus strains carry different subsets of virulence factors, which directly determine the difference in their pathogenicity. It is therefore important to study the distribution of virulence factors and the biological activity of specific toxins for precise prevention and control of B. cereus infection. In this study, the hemolysin BL triayl was expressed, purified, and characterized. The results showed that the bovine pathogenic B. cereus hemolysin BL could be expressed and purified in the prokaryotic expression system, and the bovine pathogenic B. cereus hemolysin BL showed hemolysis, cytotoxicity, good immunogenicity and certain immune protection in mice. In this study, the recombinant expression of hemolysin BL triayl was achieved, and the biological activity of hemolysin BL of bovine pathogenic ceroid spore was investigated. This study may facilitate further investigating the pathogenic mechanism of B. cereus hemolysin BL and developing a detection method for bovine pathogenic B. cereus disease.
Subject(s)
Cattle , Animals , Mice , Bacterial Proteins/metabolism , Bacillus cereus/metabolism , Hemolysin Proteins/metabolism , Virulence Factors/metabolism , Enterotoxins/metabolismABSTRACT
Many soil microorganisms' i.e., bacteria and fungi produce secondary metabolites called antibiotics. These are used for the treatment of some of the bacterial, fungal and protozoal diseases of humans. There is a need for isolation of a broad spectrum of antibiotics from microorganisms due to the emergence of antibiotic resistance. In the present study two antibiotic producing bacteria Klebsiella pneumoniae and Bacillus cereus were isolated from pharmaceutical and poultry feed industry of Hattar, Haripur Pakistan. Total 10 waste samples were collected from different industries (Marble, Ghee, Soap, Mineral, Steel, Poultry Feed, Pharmaceutical, Qarshi, Cosmetic and Glass). Thirty-three bacterial strains were isolated from industrial wastes of these ten different industries. Fourteen out of thirty-three bacterial strains exhibited antimicrobial activities against at least one of the test microbes considered in this study including Escherchia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhi. The bacteria were isolated by standard serial dilution spread plate technique. Morphological characterization of the isolates was done by Gram staining. Nine bacterial isolates out of fourteen were initially identified as B. cereus and five as K. pneumoniae through biochemical characterization. The antibacterial activities were tested by well diffusion method. Maximum number of antibiotic producing bacteria were isolated from pharmaceutical and poultry feed industry based on the results of primary screening, the most potential isolates S9, S19, S20, S22 and S23 were selected for secondary screening. The maximum activity against E. coli and S. aureus was recorded by bacterial isolate S19 i.e zones of inhibition of 6.5mm and 9mm while S20 showed 7.5mm and 6mm zones respectively. Molecular identification was carried out on the basis of 16S rRNA sequence [...].
Muitos microrganismos do solo, ou seja, bactérias e fungos produzem metabólitos secundários chamados antibióticos. Eles são usados para tratamento de algumas doenças bacterianas, fúngicas e protozoárias em humanos. Há necessidade de isolamento de um amplo espectro de antibióticos de microrganismos devido ao surgimento de resistência aos antibióticos. No presente estudo, duas bactérias produtoras de antibióticos, Klebsiella pneumoniae e Bacillus cereus, foram isoladas da indústria farmacêutica e de ração avícola de Hattar, Haripur, Paquistão. Um total de 10 amostras de resíduos foi coletado de diferentes indústrias (mármore, ghee, sabão, mineral, aço, ração para aves, farmacêutica, Qarshi, cosmética e vidro). Trinta e três cepas bacterianas foram isoladas de resíduos industriais dessas dez diferentes indústrias. Quatorze das 33 cepas bacterianas exibiram atividades antimicrobianas contra pelo menos um dos micróbios de teste considerados neste estudo, incluindo Escherchia coli, Staphylococcus aureus e Salmonella typhi. As bactérias foram isoladas pela técnica de placa de diluição em série padrão. A caracterização morfológica dos isolados foi feita por coloração de gram. Nove isolados bacterianos de 14 foram inicialmente identificados como B. cereus e cinco como K. pneumoniae por meio de caracterização bioquímica. As atividades antibacterianas foram testadas pelo método de difusão em poço. O número máximo de bactérias produtoras de antibióticos foi isolado da indústria farmacêutica e de ração avícola com base nos resultados da triagem primária, os isolados mais potenciais S9, S19, S20, S22 e S23 foram selecionados para a triagem secundária. A atividade máxima contra E. coli e S. aureus foi registrada pelo isolado bacteriano S19, ou seja, zonas de inibição de 6,5 mm e 9 mm, enquanto S20 mostrou zonas de 7,5 mm e 6 mm, respectivamente. A identificação molecular foi realizada com base na análise da sequência 16S [...].
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemical synthesis , Bacillus cereus/isolation & purification , Klebsiella/isolation & purification , Animal Feed/analysis , Industrial Waste/analysisABSTRACT
Riboflavin is an essential, water-soluble vitamin (B2) and a component of basic cellular metabolism. The aim of the present study is to isolate and characterize riboflavin producing bacteria from different food sources. Ten different riboflavin enriched food sources were collected from Vellore district. Totally 72 bacterial strains were isolated and cultured on nutrient agar plates. Out of these, 43 strains were identified as riboflavin producers. Isolated bacterial strains HDS27, HDS07, HDS14, HDS18, HDS38 and HDS54 isolated from milk, mushroom, spinach, lamb kidney, beef liver and mackerel fish were found to be potent riboflavin producers. Based on morphological, biochemical and molecular characterization, the potent strains were identified as Lactobacillus plantarum (HDS27), Bacillus cereus (HDS07), Delftia tsuruhatensis (HDS14), Citrobacter freundii (HDS18), Enterobacter cloacae (HDS38) and Bacillus cereus (HDS54). The selected potent isolates HDS27 from milk and HDS07 from mushroom showed a maximum riboflavin production of 3.69 mg/L and 2.9mg/L respectively. The present study explores the riboflavin producing novel bacteria from different food sources. This is the first report that the Enterobacter cloacae isolated from beef liver, Delftia tsuruhatensis from spinach and Citrobacter freundii from lamb kidney has the ability to produce riboflavin. These potent strains could be a better starter for substituting the conventional bacteria for large scale production of riboflavin in industry.
Subject(s)
Riboflavin , Bacillus cereus , Citrobacter freundii , Lactobacillus plantarumABSTRACT
The effects of Calcium (Ca+2) on virulence and some parameters should be analyzed in this study. Pseudomonas aeruginosa Gram (-) and Bacillus cereus Gram (+) were used. Both bacteria are soil bacteria. In this study; the effect of Ca+2 on protease, amylase, LasB elastolytic assay, H2O2, pyorubin and biofilm on metabolites of these bacteria were investigated during 24 hour time. In this study, the effect of Ca+2 on the production of some secondary metabolites on P. aeruginosa and B. cereus was investigated and presented for the first time by us.
Os efeitos do cálcio (Ca+2) na virulência e alguns parâmetros devem ser analisados neste estudo. Pseudomonas aeruginosa Gram (-) e Bacillus cereus Gram (+) foram usados. Ambas as bactérias são bactérias do solo. Neste estudo, o efeito do Ca+2 sobre a protease, amilase, ensaio elastolítico LasB, H2O2, piorubina e biofilme nos metabólitos dessas bactérias foram investigados durante 24 horas. Neste estudo, o efeito do Ca+2 na produção de alguns metabólitos secundários em P. aeruginosa e B. cereus foi investigado e apresentado pela primeira vez por nós.
Subject(s)
Pseudomonas , Bacillus cereus , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Calcium , Hydrogen PeroxideABSTRACT
Abstract The present study was conducted to assess the phenolic content, and antibacterial and antioxidant activities of Lathyrus L. species. The extraction of phenolic compounds from whole seeds, seed coat and cotyledon of Lathyrus hierosolymitanus Boiss. and Lathyrus annuus L. seeds was performed employing different solvents. Total phenolic content (TPC) was measured by Folin- Ciocalteau assay, while the antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH radical scavenging activity, and reducing power assay. It was found that TPC of extracts ranged from 0.12 mg to 6.53 mg GAE/gdw. For each solvent, seed coat extracts were generally observed to render higher TPC and antioxidant activities. There was a correlation between TPC and antioxidant activity. In addition, all extracts were also examined for their antimicrobial activity against Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Methanol extracts showed the highest antibacterial activity which is consistent with TPC, but there was no correlation between TPC and antibacterial activity. Solvents were observed to have effects on gallic acid, caffeic acid, and epicatechin extractions. HPLC analysis results of extracts confirmed methanol and ethanol as preferred solvents for phenolic extraction from Lathyrus sp. Phenolic content in the extracts could be suggested to contribute to their antioxidant and antibacterial activity.
Subject(s)
Biological Products , Lathyrus/anatomy & histology , Phenolic Compounds , Antioxidants/analysis , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/classification , Seeds/anatomy & histology , Bacillus cereus/classification , Plant Extracts/analysis , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods , Cotyledon/adverse effects , Escherichia coli/classificationABSTRACT
The effects of Calcium (Ca+²) on virulence and some parameters should be analyzed in this study. Pseudomonas aeruginosa Gram (-) and Bacillus cereus Gram (+) were used. Both bacteria are soil bacteria. In this study; the effect of Ca+² on protease, amylase, LasB elastolytic assay, H2O2, pyorubin and biofilm on metabolites of these bacteria were investigated during 24 hour time. In this study, the effect of Ca+² on the production of some secondary metabolites on P. aeruginosa and B. cereus was investigated and presented for the first time by us.
Os efeitos do cálcio (Ca+²) na virulência e alguns parâmetros devem ser analisados neste estudo. Pseudomonas aeruginosa Gram (-) e Bacillus cereus Gram (+) foram usados. Ambas as bactérias são bactérias do solo. Neste estudo, o efeito do Ca+² sobre a protease, amilase, ensaio elastolítico LasB, H2O2, piorubina e biofilme nos metabólitos dessas bactérias foram investigados durante 24 horas. Neste estudo, o efeito do Ca+² na produção de alguns metabólitos secundários em P. aeruginosa e B. cereus foi investigado e apresentado pela primeira vez por nós.
Subject(s)
Bacillus cereus/enzymology , Bacillus cereus/chemistry , Bacillus cereus/virology , Calcium/analysis , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/enzymology , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/chemistry , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/virologyABSTRACT
Continuous occurrence of heavy metals is a major cause of environmental pollution due to its toxic effects. At minimum concentrations, these metals are highly reactive and can gather in the food chains and food web, causing major dangers to public health concerns. Soil samples were collected from Paharang drain, Faisalabad. Cadmium tolerant bacteria were isolated and evaluated for their MIC against Cd. The isolated bacterial strain GCFSD01 showed MIC value upto 30 mM/L. The bacterial strain with the highest resistance against Cd was selected for further study. Molecular characterization of bacterial isolate GCFSD01 was performed by 16S rRNA which confirmed it as Bacillus cereus. Optimum growth conditions of bacterial strain were also evaluated. Strain GCFSD01 showed optimum growth at pH 7 and 37 °C temperature. Our result revealed that B. cereus strain GCFSD01 reduced 61.3% Cd after 48 hrs. Multiple metal tolerance and Cd reduction by B. cereus indicate its potential for further use for decontamination of polluted soil.
A ocorrência contínua de metais pesados é uma das principais causas de poluição ambiental devido aos seus efeitos tóxicos. A contaminação por metais pesados representa um grande risco para todas as formas de vida encontradas no meio ambiente. Em concentrações mínimas, esses metais são altamente reativos e podem se acumular nas cadeias alimentares e na cadeia alimentar, causando grandes perigos às preocupações com a saúde pública. Amostras de solo foram coletadas no esgoto de Paharang, Faisalabad. Bactérias tolerantes ao cádmio foram isoladas da amostra coletada pelo método da placa de ágar. As colônias separadas individuais selecionadas foram avaliadas quanto às suas concentrações inibitórias mínimas contra Cd. A cepa bacteriana isolada GCFSD01 apresentou valores de CIM de 30 mM/L. A colônia bacteriana que apresentou maior resistência contra o Cd foi selecionada para identificação. Após seleção da maior colônia bacteriana resistente ao Cd, coloração de Gram e diferentes testes bioquímicos foram realizados para a caracterização da bactéria isolada. A caracterização molecular do isolado bacteriano GCFSD01 foi realizada por PCR 16S rRNA confirmando a presença de Bacillus cereus. Após a identificação molecular, as condições ótimas de crescimento da cepa bacteriana também foram verificadas. A cepa GCFSD01 apresentou crescimento ótimo em pH 7 e temperatura de 37 °C. Nosso resultado revelou que a cepa de B. cereus GCFSD01 reduziu 61,3% de Cd após 48 horas. A tolerância a múltiplos metais e a redução de Cd por B. cereus indicam seu potencial para uso posterior na descontaminação do solo poluído.
Subject(s)
Soil Pollutants/toxicity , Bacillus cereus/genetics , Cadmium/toxicity , Industrial Effluents/adverse effects , Metals, Heavy/analysis , Soil , Soil Microbiology , Biodegradation, Environmental , RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/geneticsABSTRACT
Myrcianthes pungens (Myrtaceae) es un árbol nativo de Brasil conocido como guabijú. En nuestro estudio, describimos la composición química del aceite esencial de las hojas secas de M. pungens, la actividad antioxidante por diferentes métodos y la actividad antibacteriana contra Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus y Pseudomonas aeruginosa. La identificación química se realizó mediante un cromatógrafo de gases acoplado a un espectrómetro de masas y la actividad antibacteriana se evaluó mediante un método de microdilución en caldo. El aceite esencial de la hoja presentó sesquiterpenos de hidrocarburos (42,6%) como su principal clase química cuyos compuestos principales fueron ß-cariofileno (11,7%) y 1,8-cineol (10,1%). La mayor protección antioxidante fue de 57.5 a 63.3% de ß-caroteno. La mayor actividad antibacteriana fue contra S. aureus (MIC de 78.12 µg/mL). Este valor fue 2,56 veces menor que el control positivo de estreptomicina. M. pungens es una fuente prometedora de moléculas naturales con potencial estudio para el desarrollo de productos farmacológicos, cosméticos y alimenticios.
Myrcianthes pungens (Myrtaceae) is a native tree to Brazil known as guabijú. In our study, we described the chemical composition of the essential oil from M. pungens dried leaves, the antioxidant activity by different methods and antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The chemical identification was done by gas chromatograph coupled to mass spectrometer and antibacterial activity was evaluated by broth microdilution method. The leaf essential oil presented hydrocarbon sesquiterpenes (42.6%) as its main chemical class whose major compounds were ß-caryophyllene (11.7%) and 1,8-cineole (10.1%). The best antioxidant protection was from 57.5 to 63.3% of ß-carotene. The highest antibacterial activity was against S. aureus (MIC of 78.12 µg/mL). This value was 2.56-fold lower than the positive streptomycin control. M. pungens is a promising source of natural molecules with potential study for the development of pharmacological, cosmetic and food products.
Subject(s)
Myrtaceae , Anti-Bacterial Agents , Antioxidants , Plants, Medicinal , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Staphylococcus aureus , Bacillus cereus , Brazil , Gas Chromatographers , Medicine, TraditionalABSTRACT
Abstract Bacillus cereus is a gram positive microorganism commonly involved in gastrointestinal infection but capable of causing severe infections and bacteremia. We describe here a case of bacteremia caused by B. cereus in a previously healthy young woman admitted to the intensive care unit following emergency surgery due to a penetrating abdominal stab wound and subsequent hepatic lesion. She developed fever during admission and cultures were taken. B. cereus was isolated in blood and hepatic fluid collection cultures. Treatment was adjusted according to the isolate, with good clinical results. It is important to highlight the pathogenic potential of this microorganism and not underestimate it as a contaminant when it is isolated from blood samples.
Resumen Bacillus cereus es un microorganismo gram positivo comúnmente involucrado en infecciones gastrointestinales, pero capaz de causar infecciones graves y bacteriemia. Presentamos un caso de bacteriemia por B. cereus en una mujer joven previamente sana que ingresa en la unidad de cuidados intensivos luego de una cirugía de emergencia, debido a una herida abdominal por arma blanca con lesión hepática. La paciente desarrolla fiebre durante la internación, por lo que se toman cultivos. Se aísla B. cereus en hemocultivos y material de colección hepática. Se ajusta el tratamiento según los hallazgos, con buena evolución clínica. Esta comunicación ilustra una fuente poco común de bacteriemia por B. cereus. Asimismo, destaca el potencial patogénico de este microorganismo, cuyo hallazgo en muestras de sangre no siempre debe conducir a su rápida desjerarquización como contaminante.
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Bacillus cereus/isolation & purification , Wounds, Stab/microbiology , Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/microbiology , Bacteremia/microbiology , Abdominal Injuries/microbiology , Wounds, Stab/blood , Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/blood , Bacteremia/blood , Abdominal Injuries/bloodABSTRACT
The genus Streptomyces is associated with the ability to produce and excrete a variety of bioactive compounds, such as antibiotic, antifungal and antiviral. Biological active polyketide and peptide compounds with applications in medicine, agriculture and biochemical research are synthesized by PKS-I and NRPS genes. The evaluation of the presence of these genes associated with the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in different phytopathogenic Streptomyces strains were performed using degenerated primers. The positive signal was observed in 58/63 Streptomyces strains for NRPS gene, 43/63 for PKS-I, and for PKS-II all the 63 strains showed positive signal of amplification. These strains also were tested with double layer agar-well technique against bacterial with clinical importance, and it was possible to observe the Streptomyces spp. strains were able to inhibit the growth of 14, 20, 13 and 3 isolates Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Bacillus cereus (ATCC 14579), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) and Escherichia coli (ATCC 11775) respectively. The Streptomyces sp. strains IBSBF 2019 and IBSBF 2397 showed antibacterial activity against all four bacteria-target tested.(AU)
O gênero Streptomyces apresenta alta capacidade de produzir e excretar uma grande variedade de compostos biologicamente ativos, como antibióticos, antifúngicos e antivirais. Compostos biologicamente ativos de policetídeos e peptídeos com aplicações na medicina, agricultura e pesquisas bioquímicas são sintetizados pelos genes PKS-I e NRPS. A avaliação da presença desses genes associados à biossíntese de metabólitos secundários em diferentes linhagens de Streptomyces fitopatogênicas foi realizada através do uso de primers degenerados. O sinal positivo foi observado em 58/63 linhagens de Streptomyces para o gene NRPS, 43/63 para o gene PKS-I e, para o gene PKS-II, todas as 63 linhagens apesentaram o sinal positivo de amplificação. Essas linhagens também foram testadas através da técnica de dupla camada contra bactérias de importância clínica e foi possível observar que as linhagens de Streptomyces spp. foram capazes de inibir o crescimento de 14, 20, 13 e 3 isolados de bactérias Gram-positivas e Gram-negativas, Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Bacillus cereus (ATCC 14579), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) e Escherichia coli (ATCC 11775), respectivamente. As linhagens de Streptomyces sp. ISBSF 2019 e 2397 apresentaram atividade antibacteriana contra todas as bactérias-alvo testadas.(AU)
Subject(s)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa/growth & development , Staphylococcus aureus/growth & development , Streptomyces/metabolism , Bacillus cereus/growth & development , Escherichia coli/growth & development , Anti-Bacterial Agents/metabolism , Peptide Synthases/genetics , Streptomyces/genetics , Gene Amplification , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Sequence Analysis, DNA , DNA Primers , Polyketide Synthases/genetics , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacologyABSTRACT
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a presença de B. cereus e G. stearothermophilus em 100 amostras de leite UAT (integral e desnatado). O isolamento dos esporos e das células vegetativas seguiu metodologias oficiais, com pequenas modificações. B. cereus foi isolada de 7% amostras de leite UHT, de 6 diferentes marcas. As contagens máximas de células vegetativas e esporos de B. cer eus foram de 3,54 Log UFC/mL e 3,93 Log esporos/mL, respectivamente. A presença dos genes codificadores de enterotoxina não hemolítica (NHE) foi observada em 33% dos isolados e da hemolisina (HBL ) em 100% dos isolados. O gene hblA foi encontrado em 91,6 % dos isolados, porém nenhum isolado apresentou os 3 genes do complexo HBL. G. stearothermophilus foi identificada em 22,8% (34/149) dos isolados de esporo altamente resistente ao calor (HRRS), representando 18% das amostras de leite UAT e as contagens de esporos variaram de < 1Log a 3,40 Log esporos/mL.
Subject(s)
Bacillus cereus/isolation & purification , Geobacillus stearothermophilus/isolation & purification , Dairy Products/analysis , Dairy Products/microbiology , Milk/microbiology , Food Microbiology , Bacteriological Techniques/analysisABSTRACT
Analisou-se 12 amostras de maniva cozida provenientes de duas indústrias localizadas no Pará. As amostras encontraram-se de acordo a legislação para os parâmetros microbiológicos de Salmonella spp., Contagem de Estafilococos Coagulase Positiva e Contagem de Bacillus Cereus com ausência em 25 g, <102 UFC/g e <102 UFC/g, respectivamente. Para Coliformes Termotolerantes apenas uma das indústrias obteve um produto de acordo com o previsto de <3,0 NMP/g. Houve um aumento significativo na etapa de resfriamento para contagem de bolores e leveduras, bactérias aeróbias mesófilas e coliformes termotolerantes tornando-se necessário análises mais detalhadas nessa etapa que apresentou crescimento de microorganismos que podem comprometer o produto final.
Subject(s)
Food Analysis , Bacillus cereus/isolation & purification , Bacterial Load , Coliforms/analysis , Manihot/microbiology , Food Handling , Food Microbiology , Salmonella/isolation & purificationABSTRACT
O consumo da tapioca, produto tradicional no norte e nordeste brasileiro, tem-se expandido amplamente no mercado, devido à demanda de alimentos sem glúten por parte da população. No processamento da goma de mandioca para tapioca não são aplicadas temperaturas elevadas para eliminação de microrganismos, podendo apresentar risco ao consumidor. Com o intuito de avaliar a contaminação microbiológica da goma de mandioca, realizou-se a análise de 20 amostras de goma de mandioca, obtidas em dois mercados de venda do produto artesanal e duas marcas industrializadas, sendo uma com conservantes e a outra sem, comercializadas no mercado de Feira de Santana e região. Com base na RDC 12/2001 da ANVISA (BRASIL, 2001), observou-se que amostras artesanais apresentaram contaminação por Bacillus cereus em níveis maiores que o estabelecido pela legislação. A amostra da indústria A não apresentou contaminação por bolores e leveduras por conter o conservante sorbato de potássio em sua composição. Verificou-se que 70% das amostras artesanais e 11% das amostras industrializadas apresentaram presença de Salmonella sp., indicando risco ao consumidor. As amostras de goma de mandioca industrializadas apresentaram valor de pH mais ácido que as artesanais (p<0,05), sendo que esses valores não enquadram-se dentro dos limites estabelecidos para o padrão de identidade e qualidade do produto. Foi observado um elevado teor de atividade de água em todas as amostras, não diferindo entre si (p<0,05). Portanto, verificou-se que as gomas artesanais A e B não atenderam os requisitos de padrão microbiológico e as amostras industrializadas A e B não apresentaram o padrão de identidade requerido para féculas de mandioca, estando todos os produtos em não conformidade com a legislação brasileira.
Subject(s)
Food Analysis , Bacillus cereus/isolation & purification , Bacterial Load , Fungi/isolation & purification , Manihot/microbiology , Food Handling , Food Microbiology , Salmonella/isolation & purificationABSTRACT
A incidência e a quantidade dos microrganismos patogênicos, presentes na carne, varia de acordo com as condições de manejo durante a criação e com os cuidados higiênicos nas operações de abate dos animais e posterior manipulação das carcaças. Neste sentido, este trabalho promoveu uma análise microbiológica de microrganismos patogênicos presentes em quibe cru e cortes de frango temperado produzidos no município de Rio Verde, Goiás. No diagnóstico, foram encontradas prevalências de Salmonella spp., Bacillus cereus e Listeria spp, comprovando as falhas presentes na manipulação. Concluindo que há falhas e necessidades de adequações técnicas, como adequação na legislação vigente à realidade dos municípios.
Subject(s)
Bacillus cereus/isolation & purification , Food Hygiene , Listeria/isolation & purification , Food Microbiology , Meat Products/analysis , Salmonella/isolation & purificationABSTRACT
O objetivo desse trabalho foi analisar a qualidade microbiológica das especiariascanela, orégano e pimenta do reino comercializadas na feira livre de Cruz das Almas no Recôncavo da Bahia, por meio da quantificação de coliformes a 45°C, Staphylococcus spp., Staphylococcus coagulase positiva, Bacillus spp., Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus e Salmonella spp. A pimenta do reino diferiu estatísticamente (p>0,05) apresentando maior contagem quando comparado com a canela e o orégano. A prevalência de S. coagulase positiva foi de 60%, 57% e 47% para pimenta do reino moída, orégano e canela, respectivamente. E. coli e Salmonella estiveram presentes na pimenta do reino em 94% e 20%, respectivamente. A contagem de coliformes a 45ºC na pimenta foi maior (3,4 log NMP. g-1) em relação a canela (0,5 log NMP.g-1) e orégano (ausência). A pimenta do reino moída apresentou alta carga microbiana com patógenos de importância alimentar como Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus coagulase positiva e B. cereus.
Subject(s)
Bacillus cereus/isolation & purification , Cinnamomum zeylanicum/microbiology , Escherichia coli/isolation & purification , Spices/analysis , Food Microbiology , Origanum/microbiology , Piper nigrum/microbiology , Salmonella/isolation & purification , Staphylococcus/isolation & purificationABSTRACT
Bacillus cereus encontra-se entre os patógenos de maior preocupação na indústria de alimentos por sua capacidade em formar biofilmes. Como resultado, podem contaminar os alimentos que entram em contato com as superfícies, representando dessa forma um obstáculo para conservação de leite e produtos lácteos, o que coloca em risco a saúde dos consumidores. Objetivou-se avaliar a capacidade de formação de biofilmes de estirpes de B. cereus frente à diferentes temperaturas encontradas na indústria de laticínios em superfície de aço inoxidável. A capacidade de formação de biofilme foi avaliada em diferentes temperaturas (5, 15, 25 e 32 ºC) e intervalos de tempo (24, 48,72, 96 e 120h). As estirpes de B. cereus apresentaram diferenças significativas nas temperaturas avaliadas e na capacidade de adesão, onde uma das estirpes apresentou maior capacidade de se aderir. Constatou-se que altas temperaturas favoreceram o desenvolvimento do biofilme e baixas temperaturas retardaram esse processo.
Subject(s)
Bacillus cereus/physiology , Bacillus cereus/isolation & purification , Biofilms/growth & development , Temperature , Dairy ProductsABSTRACT
Iran bears a remarkable variety of reptiles. One of the lizard families occurring in Iran is the Family Agamidae which is widely are distributed throughout the old world. The large-scaled rock agamid, Laudakia nupta, is one of the well-known agamid. There are few reports of cloacal microbial on reptiles hence their function in cloacae remains unknown. Laudakia nupta usually live in rural and urban areas and close vicinity to man, they are likely to play an important role in the spread of disease that may be caused by these microorganisms and their transmission to man. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify the bacterial flora colonizing the cloacal region of Laudakia nupta using molecular studies. The cloacal fluids were directly placed on nutrient agar (NA) plates and incubated at 25 ± 2 ℃ for 48 h. The resulting bacterial colonies were transferred to fresh nutrient agar (NA) plates for molecular studies. Twelve isolates were obtained from 17 specimens of Laudakia nupta. All bacteria isolates were identified as Bacillus subtillis (5), Bacillus cereus (4), Bacillus sp. (1), Pseudomonas putida (1), and Pseudomonas sp. (1) based on partial sequences of the 16 s rRNA gene. This is the first comprehensive report of bacteria spp. associated with cloaca of Laudakia nupta using molecular studies. In this research, we found that Laudakia nupta can be a carrier of bacteria which can transfer microorganisms to hosts.
Subject(s)
Humans , Agar , Bacillus , Bacillus cereus , Bacteria , Cloaca , Colon , Genes, rRNA , Iran , Lizards , Pseudomonas , Pseudomonas putida , ReptilesABSTRACT
Bacillus cereus causes serious central nervous system infections, especially in immunocompromised patients. Successful treatment requires adequate antimicrobial concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid; however, in some cases, achieving this with systemic treatment alone is difficult. We treated intractable B. cereus ventriculitis with intraventricular vancomycin, with no major adverse events.
Subject(s)
Bacillus cereus , Bacillus , Central Nervous System Infections , Cerebral Ventriculitis , Cerebrospinal Fluid , Immunocompromised Host , Injections, Intraventricular , Pharmacokinetics , VancomycinABSTRACT
RESUMEN El objetivo del artículo fue lustrar mediante modelos de predicción microbiológica, la probabilidad de conformidad del producto terminado, estimando el ciclo de vida de la leche en polvo una vez que ha sido reconstituida, enfocado en los aspectos fisicoquímicos y microbiológicos (Bacillus cereus), por medio del modelo cinético de Arrhenius, con redes neuronales artificiales, entrenadas para pronosticar productos conformes respecto a la bacteria. A través del algoritmo de la red neuronal, se concluyó que, una vez la leche en polvo ha sido reconstituida debe mantenerse refrigerada entre 4°C y 6°C, para obtener una vida útil alrededor de los 19 días, pronosticando el 98% de productos conformes.
ABSTRACT The aim of this paper was to show a microbiological prediction model to determine the probability of conformity in products and estimate the life cycle of reconstituted powdered milk, focusing on the physicochemical and microbiological aspects of Bacillus cereus. We used the kinetic model Arrhenius, built under artificial neural networks designed to measure conformity to Bacillus cereus products. Using the neural network algorithm, we found that once milk powder was reconstituted, the temperature should be between 4°C and 6°C to obtain a lifespan around 19 days and 98% conformity.