ABSTRACT
INTRODUCCIÓN: La información disponible sobre los factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de shock séptico es escasa, especialmente en población pediátrica. OBJETIVO: Describir las características epidemiológicas y clínicas de los niños con bacteriemia adquirida en la comunidad por Staphylococcus aureus y comparar las características de los pacientes con y sin shock séptico. PACIENTES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio de cohorte retrospectivo. Criterios de inclusión: niños entre 30 días y 16 años de edad, internados en el Hospital de Pediatría Juan P. Garrahan entre enero de 2017 y diciembre de 2019 por infecciones adquiridas en la comunidad con desarrollo de S. aureus en hemocultivos. Criterios de exclusión: antecedente de internación dentro de los 3 meses previos al ingreso, vivir en una comunidad cerrada, presencia de catéter de larga permanencia, dispositivos intraventriculares o intraperitoneales. Análisis estadístico: STATA 16. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 142 niños. 21 niños (15%) presentaron shock séptico. En el análisis multivariado, se asociaron con shock séptico, la bacteriemia persistente (OR 7,15; IC95% 4,39-23,81; p: 0,001) y el foco secundario de infección (OR 6,72; IC 95% 2,02-22,2; p 0,002). La mortalidad relacionada con la infección fue 3,5% (5 pacientes). CONCLUSIONES: El shock séptico se asoció con la bacteriemia persistente y la presencia de focos secundarios de infección.
BACKGROUND: Available information about risk factors for the development of septic shock is scarce, especially in the pediatric population. AIM: To describe the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of children with community-acquired Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia and to compare the characteristics of children with and without septic shock. METHODS: Retrospective cohort study. Inclusion criteria: Children between 30 days and 16 years old, hospitalized in the Juan P. Garrahan Pediatric Hospital between January 2017 and December 2019 for community-acquired infections with S. aureus isolation in blood cultures. Exclusion criteria: History of hospitalization within 3 months prior to admission, living in a closed community, presence of long-term catheter, intraventricular or intraperitoneal devices. Statistical analysis: STATA 16. RESULTS: 142 children were included. 21 children (15%) experienced septic shock. On multivariate analysis, persistent bacteremia (OR 7.15, 95% CI 4.39-23.81, p: 0.001) and secondary focus of infection (OR 6.72, 95% CI 2.02-22.2, p 0.002) were associated with septic shock. The infection-related mortality rate was 3.5% (5 patients). CONCLUSIONS: Septic shock was associated with persistent bacteremia and the presence of secondary foci of infection.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Shock, Septic/epidemiology , Staphylococcal Infections/epidemiology , Bacteremia/epidemiology , Shock, Septic/etiology , Staphylococcal Infections/complications , Staphylococcal Infections/microbiology , Staphylococcus aureus , Bacteria/isolation & purification , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Multivariate Analysis , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Bacteremia/complications , Bacteremia/microbiology , Community-Acquired Infections/epidemiology , Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus , Hospitals, PediatricABSTRACT
Objective: To assess the efficacy and safety of polymyxin B in neutropenic patients with hematologic disorders who had refractory gram-negative bacterial bloodstream infection. Methods: From August 2021 to July 2022, we retrospectively analyzed neutropenic patients with refractory gram-negative bacterial bloodstream infection who were treated with polymyxin B in the Department of Hematology of the First Affiliated Hospital of the Soochow University between August 2021 to July 2022. The cumulative response rate was then computed. Results: The study included 27 neutropenic patients with refractory gram-negative bacterial bloodstream infections. Polymyxin B therapy was effective in 22 of 27 patients. The median time between the onset of fever and the delivery of polymyxin B was 3 days [interquartile range (IQR) : 2-5]. The median duration of polymyxin B treatment was 7 days (IQR: 5-11). Polymyxin B therapy had a median antipyretic time of 37 h (IQR: 32-70). The incidence of acute renal dysfunction was 14.8% (four out of 27 cases), all classified as "injury" according to RIFLE criteria. The incidence of hyperpigmentation was 59.3%. Conclusion: Polymyxin B is a viable treatment option for granulocytopenia patients with refractory gram-negative bacterial bloodstream infections.
Subject(s)
Humans , Polymyxin B/adverse effects , Retrospective Studies , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/complications , Fever/drug therapy , Sepsis/drug therapy , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Bacteremia/complicationsABSTRACT
Introduction: Streptococcus gallolyticus belongs to theStreptococcus bovis complex, and it is a common bacterium colonizing the gastrointestinal tract. Its presence in the blood may suggest an underlying pathology such as a colonic neoplasm. We report herein a case of S. bovis bacteremia in an apheresis platelet donor, review similar cases in the literature, and suggest a flowchart for the management of similar cases in other blood donation centers. Case Presentation: A 61-year-old subject presented to a Hemotherapy Service to make an apheresis platelet donation. On quality control testing, S. gallolyticus was identified in hemoculture, and the donor was called back for follow-up. At first, a new hemoculture was requested, and the patient was referred to the outpatient department of infectious diseases to further investigate pathologies associated with S. gallolyticus. A subsequent colonoscopy investigation evidenced a polypoid structure in the ascending colon. Pathology reported the resected specimen as a low-grade tubular adenoma. Conclusion: Isolation of S. bovis in blood products requires further investigation and should be managed with precision by Hemotherapy Services. A standard protocol for the management of asymptomatic patients with S. bovis positive hemoculture, with the requests of a new blood culture, a colonoscopy, and an echocardiogram is crucial, as it may ensure early diagnosis and reduce morbidity and mortality. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Bacteremia/complications , Colonic Neoplasms/diagnosis , Streptococcus gallolyticus/isolation & purification , Adenoma/etiology , Blood DonationABSTRACT
Introducción: Las bacteriemias relacionadas con el uso de catéter (BRC) en pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica avanzada (ERCA) representan un importante problema sanitario. Objetivos: Estimar la incidencia de BRC en pacientes con ERCA en el Hospital Ciro Redondo García, Artemisa, Cuba; y describir su relación con el tipo de acceso vascular (AV), así como la conducta médica que se adopta después del diagnóstico. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo entre mayo-octubre del 2019, en el que se incluyó el total de los pacientes (n = 78) de la unidad de hemodiálisis del hospital. Se recogió información acerca del tipo y tiempo de uso del AV. Ante un episodio sugerente de bacteriemia, se obtuvo una muestra de sangre para hemocultivo. Se informó la incidencia de BRC según los criterios de Bouza (2004). Resultados: La tasa de incidencia de BRC se estimó buena (1,18/1 000 días-catéter). Para las producidas por Staphylococcus aureus y por bacterias gramnegativas (Escherichia coli, Enterobacter spp., Pseudomonas spp. y Alcaligenes spp.) las tasas fueron excelentes: 0,44 y 0,88/1 000 días-catéter, respectivamente. Los catéteres venosos centrales se constataron como los AV predominantes. Se verificó que se impuso tratamiento empírico ante signos de probable BRC y este se modificó tras el diagnóstico etiológico específico, acompañado de la retirada del AV siempre que las condiciones clínicas lo permitieron. Conclusiones: Se mantienen en el servicio de hemodiálisis buenas prácticas clínicas para la prevención de BRC. Los agentes etiológicos demostrados obligan a mantener la indicación de tratamiento empírico con antibióticos de amplio espectro(AU)
Introduction: Catheter-related bacteremias (CRB) in patients with advanced chronic kidney diseases represent a major health problem. Objective: To estimate the incidence of CRB in patients with advanced chronic kidney diseases at Ciro Redondo García Hospital, Artemisa, Cuba; and to describe its relationship with the type of vascular access (VA), as well as the medical protocol adopted after diagnosis. Methods: A descriptive study was conducted between May and October 2019. All patients (n=78) in the hospital hemodialysis unit were included. Information about the type and duration of VA was collected. In the presence of an episode suggestive of bacteremia, a blood sample was obtained for blood culture. The incidence of CRB was informed according to Bouza´s criteria (2004). Results: The incidence rate of CRB was estimated good (1.18/1 000 1000 catheter-days). For those caused by Staphylococcus aureus and by gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Enterobacter spp., Pseudomonas spp. y Alcaligenes spp.), the rates were excellent: 0.44 and 0.88/1000 catheter -days, respectively. Central venous catheters were the predominant VAs. It was confirmed that empirical treatment was initiated in the presence of signs of a probable CRB, which was modified after specific etiological diagnosis, together with the withdrawal of the VA whenever the clinical conditions allowed it. Conclusions: Good clinical practices for the prevention of CBR are maintained at the hemodialysis service. The confirmed etiological agents make it necessary to continue with the indication of empirical treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Bacteremia/complications , Central Venous Catheters/adverse effectsABSTRACT
Resumen El empleo de catéter venoso central en la práctica clínica ha surgido como una opción de acceso vascular en pacientes con estancias hospitalarias prolongadas por diversas patologías del nuevo espectro epidemiológico. Se le llama así a un acceso al torrente sanguíneo a nivel central, para la administración de medicamentos entre otras funciones. Existen varios tipos de catéter venoso central, dependiendo de la necesidad del paciente así se elige el indicado. Sin embargo, las infecciones por el uso de dichos instrumentos invasivos, así como otras complicaciones no infecciosas, divididas en inmediatas como lo son la punción arterial, el sangrado, neumotórax o hemotórax, arritmia, embolismo aéreo o malposición del catéter y complicaciones tardías entre estas la estenosis venosa, trombosis venosa, la migración de catéter, la perforación miocárdica o el daño nervioso plantean un nuevo reto para la medicina actual. Este artículo describe las complicaciones, el manejo respectivo de cada una y estrategias para reducir la incidencia de las mismas.
Abstract The use of central venous catheter in clinical practice has emerged as a vascular access option in patients with prolonged hospital stays due to various pathologies of the new epidemiological spectrum. This is called an access to the bloodstream at the central level for the administration of medications and among other functions. There are several types of central venous catheters, depending on the patient's need so the one chosen is chosen. However, infections due to the use of such invasive instruments, as well as other non-infectious complications divided into immediate ones such as arterial puncture, bleeding, pneumothorax or hemothorax, arrhythmia, air embolism or catheter malposition and late complications between them venous stenosis, venous thrombosis, catheter migration, myocardial perforation or nerve damage pose a new challenge for current medicine. During this article it is presented as well as the complications, the respective management of each one is described and how to reduce their incidence.
Subject(s)
Humans , Bacteremia/complications , Central Venous Catheters/adverse effects , Central Venous Catheters/trendsABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: The presence of an active bacteremia has been considered a relative contraindication to perform an intrathecal puncture due to the risk of causing meningitis or epidural abscess. However, a clear and definite causal relationship has not yet been demonstrated. OBJECTIVES: To determine the relationship between intrathecal puncture and the development of meningitis in sub-jects with bacteremia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Experimental study in rats with chronic bacteremia to which dural puncture was performed. Meningitis was then evaluated by direct drainage of the cisterna magna and histopathological studies of brain tissue. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: 12 of 40 bacteremic rats that underwent intrathecal puncture developed meningitis. Previous administration of antibiotics seems to reduce this risk.
INTRODUCCIÓN: Se ha considerado la presencia de una bacteremia activa como contraindicación relativa para realizar una punción intratecal por el riesgo de provocar meningitis o absceso peridural. Sin embargo, aún no se ha podido demostrar una relación causal clara y definida. OBJETIVOS: Determinar la relación entre punción intratecal y el desarrollo de meningitis en sujetos con bacteremia. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio experimental en ratas con bacteremia crónica a las que se les realizó punción dural, luego se evaluó la presencia o no de meningitis mediante drenaje directo de la cisterna magna y estudios histopatológicos de tejido cerebral. RESULTADOS Y CONCLUSIÓN: 12 de 40 ratas bacterémicas a las que se le realizó punción intratecal desarrollaron meningitis. La adminis-tración previa de antibiótico parece disminuir este riesgo.
Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Spinal Puncture/adverse effects , Meningitis, Bacterial/etiology , Bacteremia/complications , Epidural Abscess/etiology , Anesthesia, Spinal/adverse effects , Reproducibility of Results , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , ContraindicationsABSTRACT
Introducción. Las infecciones osteoarticulares son una importante causa de morbilidad y pueden presentar bacteriemia. La epidemiología de estas infecciones se ha modificado en los últimos años. Objetivos. Describir las características epidemiológicas, clínicas y evolutivas de los niños con infecciones osteoarticulares y comparar los pacientes con bacteriemia con los que no la presentaron. Población y métodos. Cohorte retrospectiva. Se incluyeron pacientes menores de 18 años, admitidos en el Hospital Juan P. Garrahan entre el 1/1/2016 y el 31/12/2016 con sospecha de infecciones osteoarticulares en quienes se hubiese realizado artrocentesis y/o biopsia articular. Se excluyeron niños con patología previa. Se compararon las características clínicas y de laboratorio según tuvieran bacteriemia o no. Se utilizó Stata 10. Resultados. N: 62. La mediana de edad fue 59.5 meses (rango intercuartilo -RIC- 24-84). Presentaron fiebre 44 pacientes (70%). Predominaron las artritis (54 pacientes, 87%). Se identificó un agente etiológico en 29 pacientes (47%). Predominó Staphylococcus aureus (n: 20, 32%). Tuvieron bacteriemia 15 de ellos (24%). Recibieron clindamicina como tratamiento empírico 56 pacientes (90%). La mediana de tratamiento endovenoso fue 7 días (RIC 5-11) y de internación, 7 días (RIC 4-12). Los pacientes con bacteriemia tuvieron menor edad (26 meses vs. 60, p < 0,05), mayor valor de proteína C reactiva inicial (101 vs. 33 U/L, p < 0,05), menor valor de hemoglobina al ingresar (10,8 g/dl vs. 12.5 g/dl, p 0,04) y mayor frecuencia de fiebre (100% vs. 57%, p < 0,05). Conclusiones. Predominó Staphylococcus aureus. Los niños con bacteriemia tuvieron menor edad, mayor valor de proteína C reactiva, menos hemoglobina al ingresar y, más frecuentemente, fiebre.
Introduction. Osteoarticular infections are an important cause of morbidity and may present with bacteremia. The epidemiology has changed in recent years. Objectives. To describe the epidemiological, clinical, and evolutionary characteristics of children with osteoarticular infections and compare patients with and without bacteremia. Population and methods. Retrospective cohort. Patients younger than 18 years admitted between January 1st, 2016 and December 31st, 2016 suspected of osteoarticular infections who had undergone an arthrocentesis and/or joint biopsy were included. Clinical and laboratory characteristics were compared between patients with and without bacteremia. The Stata 10 software was used.Results. N: 62. Patients' median age was 59.5 months (interquartile range [IQR]: 24-84). Fever developed in 44 patients (70%). Arthritis predominated (54 patients, 87%). An etiologic agent was identified in 29 patients (47%). Staphylococcus aureus was prevalent (n: 20, 32%). Among these, 15 developed bacteremia (24%). Clindamycin was administered to 56 patients (90%) as empirical therapy. The median intravenous treatment duration was 7 days (IQR: 5-11) and the median length of stay, 7 days (IQR: 4-12). Patients with bacteremia were younger (26 months versus 60 months, p < 0.05), had a higher baseline C-reactive protein level (101 U/L versus 33 U/L, p < 0.05), a lower hemoglobin level at the time of admission (10.8 g/dL versus 12.5 g/dL, p = 0.04), and a higher frequency of fever (100% versus 57%, p < 0.05).Conclusions. Staphylococcus aureus was prevalent. Children with bacteremia were younger, had a higher C-reactive protein level, a lower hemoglobin level at the time of admission, and 100% presented fever
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Osteoarthritis/diagnosis , Osteoarthritis/epidemiology , Osteomyelitis/diagnosis , Osteomyelitis/epidemiology , Arthritis/diagnosis , Arthritis/epidemiology , Bone Diseases, Infectious/diagnosis , Bone Diseases, Infectious/epidemiology , Bacteremia/diagnosis , Osteoarthritis/microbiology , Osteomyelitis/microbiology , Arthritis/microbiology , Bone Diseases, Infectious/complications , Retrospective Studies , Cohort Studies , Bacteremia/complications , Bacteremia/epidemiology , Tertiary Care Centers , Hospitals, PediatricSubject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Health Status Indicators , Meningitis, Bacterial/diagnosis , Bacteremia/diagnosis , Fever/etiology , Clinical Decision-Making/methods , Algorithms , Arthritis, Infectious/complications , Arthritis, Infectious/diagnosis , Prospective Studies , Multicenter Studies as Topic , Sensitivity and Specificity , Meningitis, Bacterial/complications , Meningitis, Bacterial/cerebrospinal fluid , Bacteremia/complications , Bacteremia/blood , Risk Assessment , Emergency Service, Hospital , Validation Studies as TopicSubject(s)
Humans , Peritonitis/prevention & control , Bacterial Infections/prevention & control , Norfloxacin/administration & dosage , Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination/administration & dosage , Bacteremia/prevention & control , Liver Cirrhosis/complications , Peritonitis/complications , Australia , Bacterial Infections/complications , Prospective Studies , Reproducibility of Results , Treatment Outcome , Bacteremia/complications , Evidence-Based Medicine , Anti-Infective Agents/administration & dosage , Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosageABSTRACT
This study was performed to measure early changes in the serotype distribution of pneumococci isolated from children with invasive disease during the 3-year period following the introduction of 10- and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) in Korea. From January 2011 to December 2013 at 25 hospitals located throughout Korea, pneumococci were isolated among children who had invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). Serotypes were determined using the Quellung reaction, and the change in serotype distribution was analyzed. Seventy-five cases of IPD were included. Eighty percent of patients were aged 3-59 months, and 32% had a comorbidity that increased the risk of pneumococcal infection. The most common serotypes were 19A (32.0%), 10A (8.0%), and 15C (6.7%). The PCV7 serotypes (4, 6B, 9V, 14, 18C, 19F, 23F, and 6A) accounted for 14.7% of the total isolates and the PCV13 minus PCV7 types (1, 3, 5, 7F and 19A) accounted for 32.0% of the total isolates. Serotype 19A was the only serotype in the PCV13 minus PCV7 group. The proportion of serotype 19A showed decreasing tendency from 37.5% in 2011 to 22.2% in 2013 (P = 0.309), while the proportion of non-PCV13 types showed increasing tendency from 45.8% in 2011 to 72.2% in 2013 (P = 0.108). Shortly after the introduction of extended-valent PCVs in Korea, serotype 19A continued to be the most common serotype causing IPD in children. Subsequently, the proportion of 19A decreased, and non-vaccine serotypes emerged as an important cause of IPD. The impact of extended-valent vaccines must be continuously monitored.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Bacteremia/complications , Hospitals , Pneumococcal Infections/microbiology , Pneumococcal Vaccines/immunology , Republic of Korea , Serotyping , Streptococcus pneumoniae/classification , Vaccines, Conjugate/immunologyABSTRACT
Anaerobiospirillum thomasii ha sido descrito como causante de diarrea en humanos, pero no se han informado bacteriemias asociadas a este organismo. En esta comunicación describimos el primer aislamiento de A. thomasii como causa de bacteriemia fatal en una paciente alcohólica
Anaerobiospirillum thomasii has been reported as a causative agent of diarrhea in humans; however no bacteremia associated with this pathogen has been described so far. We present here the first case of fatal A. thomasii bacteremia in an alcoholic patient
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Bacteremia/complications , Anaerobiospirillum/pathogenicity , RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/analysis , Bacteremia/microbiology , Fatal Outcome , Anaerobiospirillum/metabolismSubject(s)
Bacteremia/complications , Coinfection , Dysentery/etiology , Microbial Sensitivity TestsABSTRACT
Resumo Objetivos: Listar as principais entidades clínicas associadas a quadros de febre sem sinais localizatórios (FSSL) em lactentes, bem como o manejo dos casos de bacteremia oculta com ênfase na avaliação laboratorial e na antibioticoterapia empírica. Fonte dos dados: Foi feita revisão não sistemática da literatura nas bases de dados PubMed, Embase e Scielo de 2006 a 2015. Síntese dos dados: A ocorrência de bacteremia oculta vem diminuindo sensivelmente em lactentes com FSSL, principalmente devido à introdução da vacinação conjugada contra Streptococcus pneumoniae e Neisseria meningitidis nos últimos anos. Juntamente disso, uma redução constante na solicitação de hemogramas e hemoculturas em lactentes febris acima de três meses vem sendo observada. A infecção do trato urinário é a infecção bacteriana mais prevalente no paciente febril. Algoritmos consagrados, como o de Boston e Rochester, podem guiar a decisão clínica inicial para estimar o risco de bacteremia em lactentes entre um e três meses de vida. Conclusões: Não há esquema padronizado para a estimativa do risco de bacteremia oculta em lactentes febris, porém deve-se considerar fortemente o manejo ambulatorial de lactentes acima de três meses com FSSL em bom estado geral e com esquema vacinal completo. São necessários dados atualizados sobre a incidência de bacteremia oculta em crianças vacinadas em nosso meio.
Abstract Objectives: To summarize the main clinical entities associated with fever without source (FWS) in infants, as well as the clinical management of children with occult bacteremia, emphasizing laboratory tests and empirical antibiotics. Sources: A non-systematic review was conducted in the following databases–PubMed, EMBASE, and SciELO, between 2006 and 2015. Summary of the findings: The prevalence of occult bacteremia has been decreasing dramatically in the past few years, due to conjugated vaccination against Streptococcus pneumoniae and Neisseria meningitidis. Additionally, fewer requests for complete blood count and blood cultures have been made for children older than 3 months presenting with FWS. Urinary tract infection is the most prevalent bacterial infection in children with FWS. Some known algorithms, such as Boston and Rochester, can guide the initial risk stratification for occult bacteremia in febrile infants younger than 3 months. Conclusions: There is no single algorithm to estimate the risk of occult bacteremia in febrile infants, but pediatricians should strongly consider outpatient management in fully vaccinated infants older than 3 months with FWS and good general status. Updated data about the incidence of occult bacteremia in this environment after conjugated vaccination are needed.
Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Bacteremia/complications , Fever of Unknown Origin/etiology , Algorithms , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Bacteremia/epidemiology , Bacteremia/prevention & control , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Risk Assessment , Urinary Tract Infections/complications , Urinary Tract Infections/diagnosisABSTRACT
Background: The clinical usefulness of blood cultures in the management of patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is controversial. Aim: To determine clinical predictors of bacteremia in a cohort of adult patients hospitalized for community-acquired pneumonia. Material and Methods: A prospective cohort of 605 immunocompetent adult patients aged 16 to 101 years (54% male) hospitalized for CAP was studied. The clinical and laboratory variables measured at admission were associated with the risk of bacteremia by univariate and multivariate analysis using logistic regression models. Results: Seventy seven percent of patients had comorbidities, median hospital stay was 9 days, 7.6% died in hospital and 10.7% at 30 days. The yield of the blood cultures was 12.6% (S. pneumoniae in 69 patients, H. influenzae in 3, Gram negative bacteria in three and S. aureus in one). These results modified the initial antimicrobial treatment in one case (0.2%). In a multivariate analysis, clinical and laboratory variables associated with increased risk of bacteremia were low diastolic blood pressure (Odds ratio (OR): 1.85, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.02 to 3.36, p < 0.05), leukocytosis e" 15,000/mm³ (OR: 2.18, 95% CI 1.22 to 3.88, p < 0.009), serum urea nitrogen e" 30 mg/dL (OR: 2.23, 95% CI 1.22 to 4.05, p < 0.009) and serum C-reactive protein e" 30 mg/dL (OR: 2.20, 95% CI 1.22 to 3.97, p < 0.01). Antimicrobial use before hospital admission significantly decreased the blood culture yield (OR: 0.14, 95% CI 0.04 to 0.46, p < 0.002). Conclusions: Blood cultures do not contribute significantly to the initial management of patients hospitalized for community-acquired pneumonia. The main clinical predictors of bacteremia were antibiotic use, hypotension, renal dysfunction and systemic inflammation.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Bacteremia/diagnosis , Pneumonia, Bacterial/diagnosis , Analysis of Variance , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Bacteremia/complications , Bacteremia/drug therapy , Bacteremia/microbiology , Cardiovascular Diseases/complications , Community-Acquired Infections/complications , Community-Acquired Infections/diagnosis , Community-Acquired Infections/drug therapy , Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data , Hypotension/complications , Length of Stay/statistics & numerical data , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Pneumonia, Bacterial/complications , Pneumonia, Bacterial/drug therapy , Pneumonia, Pneumococcal/complications , Pneumonia, Pneumococcal/diagnosis , Pneumonia, Pneumococcal/drug therapy , Pneumonia, Pneumococcal/microbiology , Prognosis , Prospective Studies , Renal Insufficiency/complications , Streptococcus pneumoniae/isolation & purificationABSTRACT
Acute pancreatitis is common but remains a condition with significant morbidity and mortality. Despite a better understanding of the pathophysiology of acute pancreatitis achieved during the past few decades, there is no specific pharmacologic entity available. Therefore, supportive care is still the mainstay of treatment. Recently, novel interventions for increasing survival and minimizing morbidity have been investigated, which are highlighted in this review.
Subject(s)
Humans , Acute Disease , Antioxidants/therapeutic use , Bacteremia/complications , Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde , Fluid Therapy , Gallstones/complications , Necrosis , Pancreatitis/mortality , Protease Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Renal DialysisABSTRACT
La neutropenia febril (NF) es la complicación más frecuente del tratamiento quimioterápico en los pacientes con cáncer. Es considerada una emergencia médica. La atención de los enfermos debe ser pronta y conveniente para contribuir a la disminución de la mortalidad. Como objetivos se propuso: 1) identificar distintos grupos de pacientes según factores de riesgo y la enfermedad neoplásica; 2) conocer la microbiología local de las infecciones; 3) relacionar los diferentes citostáticos con la evolución de los episodios; 4) elaborar un modelo predictivo de riesgo de bacteriemia; 5) sistematizar el tratamiento antimicrobiano empírico; 6) desarrollar una pauta de manejo inicial regionalizada. El trabajo se realizó en el Instituto Oncológico Universitario del Hospital Nacional de Clínicas de Córdoba. Se incluyeron los pacientes con diagnóstico de NF secundaria a quimioterapia y enfermedades neoplásicas y que fueran internados. Criterios de inclusión: recuento de neutrófilos en sangre circulante <0,5 x 109/L ó <1,0 x 109/L con predicción de descenso a <0,5 x 109/L en las siguientes 24 horas y con temperatura axilar > a 38 °C. Se los dividió en un grupo retrospectivo (140 pacientes, desde 01/01/00 al 31/12/08) y otro prospectivo (36 pacientes, desde 01/01/09 al 31/12/10). Los datos disponibles fueron organizados en una planilla de cálculo Excel y luego procesados con el software SPSS 17. En una primera etapa, se realizó un análisis descriptivo univariado, completado con un análisis multivariado utilizando las técnicas de correspondencias múltiples y conglomerados. Para detectar asociaciones entre las variables se usaron pruebas estadísticas de Chi Cuadrado.
SUMMARY: Febrile neutropenia (FN) is the most common complication of chemotherapy in cancer patients. It is considered a medical emergency. The patient must be attended soon and conveniently to decrease the risk of death. The objectives proposed were: 1) identify different groups of patients according to the risk factors and the neoplastic disease; (2) know the local microbiology of infections; (3) link the cytostatics to the episodes evolution; (4) develop a predictive model of risk related to bacteremia; (5) systematize the empirical antimicrobial treatment; (6) develop a regionalized initial guideline of management. The study was conducted in the University Cancer Institute of the National Hospital of Clinics in Córdoba (Argentina). It included patients with diagnosis of NF secondary to chemotherapy and neoplastic diseases. Inclusioncriteria: neutrophil count in peripheral blood <0,5 x 109/L o <1,0 x 109/L with prediction of descent to <0,5 x 109/L in the next 24 hours and axillary temperature > 38 °C. They were divided into a retrospective group (140 patients, from 01/01/00 to 31/12/08) and a prospective one (36 patients, from 01/01/09 to 31/12/10). Available data were organized in a form of Excel spreadsheets and then processed with the software SPSS 17. .
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Bacteremia/complications , Chemotherapy-Induced Febrile Neutropenia/complications , Chemotherapy-Induced Febrile Neutropenia/diagnosis , Risk FactorsSubject(s)
Adult , Animals , Female , Humans , Consciousness Disorders/etiology , Dyspnea/etiology , Fever/etiology , HIV Infections/complications , Klebsiella Infections/complications , Klebsiella pneumoniae/isolation & purification , Lung Diseases, Parasitic/complications , Meningitis, Bacterial/complications , Strongyloides stercoralis/isolation & purification , Strongyloidiasis/complications , Bacteremia/complications , Bacteremia/microbiology , Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid/parasitology , Coinfection , Diagnosis, Differential , Fatal Outcome , Facial Paralysis/etiology , Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome/diagnosis , Klebsiella Infections/microbiology , Lung Diseases, Parasitic/diagnosis , Lung Diseases, Parasitic/parasitology , Multiple Organ Failure , Meningitis, Bacterial/microbiology , Paresis/etiology , Respiratory Distress Syndrome/etiology , Strongyloidiasis/diagnosis , Strongyloidiasis/parasitology , Toxoplasmosis, Cerebral/complications , Urinary Tract Infections/complications , Urinary Tract Infections/microbiologyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND/AIMS: We examined the prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production and the impact of ESBL on clinical outcomes in cancer patients with Enterobacter spp. bacteremia. METHODS: Using prospective cohort data on Enterobacter bacteremia obtained between January 2005 and November 2008 from a tertiary care center, the prevalence and clinical impact of ESBL production were evaluated. RESULTS: Two-hundred and three episodes of Enterobacter spp. bacteremia were identified. Thirty-one blood isolates (15.3%, 31/203) scored positive by the double-disk synergy test. Among 17 isolates in which ESBL genes were detected by polymerase chain reaction and sequencing, CTX-M (n = 12), SHV-12 (n = 11), and TEM (n = 4) were the most prevalent ESBL types. Prior usage of antimicrobial agents (77.4% vs. 54.0%, p = 0.02) and inappropriate empirical antimicrobial therapy (22.6% vs. 3.0%, p < 0.001) were more commonly encountered in the ESBL-positive group than in the extended-spectrum cephalosporin-susceptible ESBL-negative group, respectively. Clinical outcomes did not differ significantly between the two groups (30-day mortality rate, 19.4% vs. 17.0%, p = 0.76; median length of hospital stay, 24.0 days vs. 30.5 days, p = 0.97). Initial presentation of severe sepsis/septic shock, pneumonia, and intra-abdominal infection were independently associated with 30-day mortality. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of ESBL-producing isolates was 15.3% in cancer patients with Enterobacter bacteremia. Although inappropriate empirical therapy was more common in the ESBL-positive group, ESBL production was not associated with poorer outcomes.
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Child , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Middle Aged , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Bacteremia/complications , Cohort Studies , Enterobacter/enzymology , Enterobacteriaceae Infections/complications , Neoplasms/complications , Prospective Studies , Treatment Outcome , beta-Lactamases/biosynthesisABSTRACT
No abstract available.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Asian People , Bacteremia/complications , Base Sequence , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications , Diabetic Foot/microbiology , Gram-Positive Cocci/genetics , RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/chemistry , Republic of KoreaABSTRACT
Sphingobacterium spiritivorum has been rarely isolated from clinical specimens of immunocompromised patients, and there have been no case reports of S. spiritivorum infection in Korea to our knowledge. We report a case of S. spiritivorum bacteremia in a 68-yr-old woman, who was diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia and subsequently received chemotherapy. One day after chemotherapy ended, her body temperature increased to 38.3degrees C. A gram-negative bacillus was isolated in aerobic blood cultures and identified as S. spiritivorum by an automated biochemical system. A 16S rRNA sequencing analysis confirmed that the isolate was S. spiritivorum. The patient received antibiotic therapy for 11 days but died of septic shock. This is the first reported case of human S. spiritivorum infection in Korea. Although human infection is rare, S. spiritivorum can be a fatal opportunistic pathogen in immunocompromised patients.