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1.
Biol. Res ; 52: 3, 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1011433

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Gymnema sylvestre is a medicinal woody perennial vine known for its sweetening properties and antidiabetic therapeutic uses in the modern and traditional medicines. Its over-exploitation for the therapeutic uses and to meet the demand of pharmaceutical industry in raw materials supply for the production of anti-diabetic drugs has led to considerable decline in its natural population. RESULTS: An efficient system of shoot bud sprouting from nodal segment explants and indirect plant regeneration from apical meristem-induced callus cultures of G. sylvestre have been developed on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium amended with concentrations of cytokinins. Of the three growth regulators tested, N6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) was the most efficient and 2.0 mg L-1 gave the best shoot formation efficiency. This was followed by thidiazuron (TDZ) and kinetin (Kin) but, most of the TDZ-induced micro shoots showed stunted growth. Multiple shoot formation was observed on medium amended with BAP or TDZ at higher concentrations. The produced micro shoots were rooted on half strength MS medium amended with auxins and rooted plantlets acclimatized with 87% survival of the regenerates. CONCLUSIONS: The developed regeneration system can be exploited for genetic transformation studies, particularly when aimed at producing its high yielding cell lines for the anti-diabetic phytochemicals. It also offers opportunities for exploring the expression of totipotency in the anti-diabetic perennial vine.


Subject(s)
Plant Growth Regulators/pharmacology , Regeneration/drug effects , Plant Shoots/growth & development , Gymnema sylvestre/growth & development , Morphogenesis/drug effects , Phenylurea Compounds/pharmacology , Purines/pharmacology , Thiadiazoles/pharmacology , Benzyl Compounds/pharmacology , Plant Shoots/drug effects , Gymnema sylvestre/drug effects , Kinetin/pharmacology
2.
Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines (English Ed.) ; (6): 766-773, 2018.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-812352

ABSTRACT

Several chemical compounds can restore pigmentation in vitiligo through mechanisms that vary according to disease etiology. In the present study, we investigated the melanogenic activity of six structurally distinct compounds, namely, scopoletin, kaempferol, chrysin, vitamin D, piperine, and 6-benzylaminopurine. We determined their effectiveness, toxicity, and mechanism of action for stimulating pigmentation in B16F10 melanoma cells and in a zebrafish model. The melanogenic activity of 6-benzylaminopurine, the compound identified as the most potent, was further verified by measuring green fluorescent protein concentration in tyrp1 a: eGFP (tyrosinase-related protein 1) zebrafish and mitfa: eGFP (microphthalmia associated transcription factor) zebrafish and antioxidative activity. All the tested compounds were found to enhance melanogenesis responses both in vivo and in vitro at their respective optimal concentration by increasing melanin content and expression of TYR and MITF. 6-Benzyamino-purine showed the strongest re-pigmentation action at a concentration of 20 μmol·Lin vivo and 100 μmol·Lin vitro, and up-regulated the strong fluorescence expression of green fluorescent protein in tyrp1a: eGFP and mitfa: eGFP zebrafish in vitro. However, its relative anti-oxidative activity was found to be very low. Overall, our results indicated that 6-benzylaminopurine stimulated pigmentation through a direct mechanism, by increasing melanin content via positive regulation of tyrosinase activity in vitro, as well as up-regulating the expression of the green fluorescent protein in transgenic zebrafish in vivo.


Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Alkaloids , Chemistry , Pharmacology , Benzodioxoles , Chemistry , Pharmacology , Benzyl Compounds , Chemistry , Pharmacology , Cholecalciferol , Chemistry , Pharmacology , Flavonoids , Chemistry , Pharmacology , Kaempferols , Chemistry , Pharmacology , Melanins , Genetics , Metabolism , Monophenol Monooxygenase , Genetics , Metabolism , Pigmentation , Piperidines , Chemistry , Pharmacology , Polyunsaturated Alkamides , Chemistry , Pharmacology , Purines , Chemistry , Pharmacology , Scopoletin , Chemistry , Pharmacology , Vitiligo , Drug Therapy , Metabolism , Zebrafish
3.
Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines (English Ed.) ; (6): 766-773, 2018.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-773563

ABSTRACT

Several chemical compounds can restore pigmentation in vitiligo through mechanisms that vary according to disease etiology. In the present study, we investigated the melanogenic activity of six structurally distinct compounds, namely, scopoletin, kaempferol, chrysin, vitamin D, piperine, and 6-benzylaminopurine. We determined their effectiveness, toxicity, and mechanism of action for stimulating pigmentation in B16F10 melanoma cells and in a zebrafish model. The melanogenic activity of 6-benzylaminopurine, the compound identified as the most potent, was further verified by measuring green fluorescent protein concentration in tyrp1 a: eGFP (tyrosinase-related protein 1) zebrafish and mitfa: eGFP (microphthalmia associated transcription factor) zebrafish and antioxidative activity. All the tested compounds were found to enhance melanogenesis responses both in vivo and in vitro at their respective optimal concentration by increasing melanin content and expression of TYR and MITF. 6-Benzyamino-purine showed the strongest re-pigmentation action at a concentration of 20 μmol·Lin vivo and 100 μmol·Lin vitro, and up-regulated the strong fluorescence expression of green fluorescent protein in tyrp1a: eGFP and mitfa: eGFP zebrafish in vitro. However, its relative anti-oxidative activity was found to be very low. Overall, our results indicated that 6-benzylaminopurine stimulated pigmentation through a direct mechanism, by increasing melanin content via positive regulation of tyrosinase activity in vitro, as well as up-regulating the expression of the green fluorescent protein in transgenic zebrafish in vivo.


Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Alkaloids , Chemistry , Pharmacology , Benzodioxoles , Chemistry , Pharmacology , Benzyl Compounds , Chemistry , Pharmacology , Cholecalciferol , Chemistry , Pharmacology , Flavonoids , Chemistry , Pharmacology , Kaempferols , Chemistry , Pharmacology , Melanins , Genetics , Metabolism , Monophenol Monooxygenase , Genetics , Metabolism , Pigmentation , Piperidines , Chemistry , Pharmacology , Polyunsaturated Alkamides , Chemistry , Pharmacology , Purines , Chemistry , Pharmacology , Scopoletin , Chemistry , Pharmacology , Vitiligo , Drug Therapy , Metabolism , Zebrafish
4.
Electron. j. biotechnol ; 27: 80-83, May. 2017. ilus, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1010415

ABSTRACT

Background: A protocol for the micropropagation of the grape (Vitis vinifera L.) cultivar 'Monastrell' was developed. Initial plant material was obtained from the sanitary selection of grapevine plants performed by real-time RT-PCR to confirm the absence of Grapevine fanleaf virus, Arabis mosaic virus, Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 1, Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3, and Grapevine fleck virus. Results: The effects of the salt composition (comparing Lloyd and McCown woody plant medium and Murashige and Skoog medium 1/2 macronutrients) and the growth regulator benzylaminopurine (BAP), at 0 and 8.9 µM, on plant propagation were evaluated using nodes as explants. The most efficient procedure consisted of bud induction in the medium with Lloyd and McCown woody plant salts and 8.9 µM BAP for 30 d along with elongation in cytokinin-free medium for 60 d, which gave 22 nodes/explant (174 plants/initial plant). A second cycle of propagation in a medium without BAP for another 60 d could give approximately 10,000 nodes, which can be obtained after an additional 2 months of culture. All plants acclimatized after the second cycle of multiplication were successfully transferred to soil. Conclusion: We developed an optimal protocol for V. vinifera cv. 'Monastrell' micropropagation, the first described for this cultivar.


Subject(s)
Vitis/growth & development , Purines/metabolism , Benzyl Compounds/metabolism , In Vitro Techniques , Sodium Chloride/metabolism , Vitis/virology , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction , Acclimatization
5.
Biol. Res ; 50: 20, 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-950891

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Vegetative propagation of Fragaria sp. is traditionally carried out using stolons. This system of propagation, in addition to being slow, can spread plant diseases, particularly serious being viral. In vitro culture of meristems and the establishment of micropropagation protocols are important tools for solving these problems. In recent years, considerable effort has been made to develop in vitro propagation of the commercial strawberry in order to produce virus-free plants of high quality. These previous results can serve as the basis for developing in vitro-based propagation technologies in the less studied species Fragaria chiloensis. RESULTS: In this context, we studied the cultivation of meristems and establishment of a micropropagation protocol for F. chiloensis. The addition of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) improved the meristem regeneration efficiency of F. chiloensis accessions. Similarly, the use of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) in the culture media increased the average rate of multiplication to 3-6 shoots per plant. In addition, the use of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), had low levels (near zero) of explant losses due to oxidation. However, plant height as well as number of leaves and roots were higher in media without growth regulators, with average values of 0.5 cm, 9 leaves and 4 roots per plant. CONCLUSIONS: For the first time in Chilean strawberry, meristem culture demonstrated to be an efficient tool for eliminating virus from infected plants, giving the possibility to produce disease free propagation material. Also, the addition of PVP into the basal MS medium improved the efficiency of plant recovery from isolated meristems. Farmers can now access to high quality plant material produced by biotech tools which will improve their technological practices.


Subject(s)
Purines/pharmacology , Regeneration/drug effects , Benzyl Compounds/pharmacology , Plant Shoots/embryology , Meristem/growth & development , Fragaria/embryology , Chile , Plant Shoots/drug effects , Meristem/drug effects , Culture Media , Fragaria/drug effects
6.
Bol. latinoam. Caribe plantas med. aromát ; 13(6): 517-526, nov.2014. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-795822

ABSTRACT

The study aimed to evaluate the bactericidal activity of oil essential and dillapiole from P. aduncum against standard and multidrug-resistant strains of Staphylococcus spp. The oil showed antimicrobial action against these strains, but better results were obtained for the standards strains of S. epidermidis and S. aureus, with MIC of 250 and 500 ug/mL, respectively. Dillapiolle was less effective than the oil against the same standard and multi-drug resistant strains (MIC =1000 ug/mL). However, when dillapiolle was tested in combination with myristicin, another component of the oil, it increased its bactericidal activity and showed a synergistic action...


El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la actividad bactericida de los aceites esenciales y dillapiole de P. aduncum contra cepas estándar y multirresistentes de Staphylococcus spp. El aceite mostró acción antimicrobiana frente a estas cepas, pero se obtuvo mejores resultados para las cepas de S. epidermidis y S. aureus, con MIC de 250 y 500 ug/ml, respectivamente. Dillapiolle fue menos eficaz que el aceite contra cepas estándar y multirresistentes (MIC = 1000 ug/ml). Sin embargo, cuando dillapiolle fue probado en combinación con la miristicina, otro componente del aceite, que aumentó su actividad bactericida y mostró una acción sinérgica...


Subject(s)
Humans , Oils, Volatile/pharmacology , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Piper/chemistry , Allyl Compounds/pharmacology , Benzyl Compounds/pharmacology , Drug Resistance, Multiple, Fungal , Monoterpenes/pharmacology , Staphylococcus
7.
Braz. j. microbiol ; 45(3): 929-932, July-Sept. 2014. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-727022

ABSTRACT

The β-ketoester benzyl acetoacetate was enantioselectively reduced to benzyl (S)-3-hydroxybutanoate by seven microorganism species. The best result using free cells was obtained with the yeast Hansenula sp., which furnished 97% ee and 85% of conversion within 24 h. After immobilization in calcium alginate spheres, K.marxianus showed to be more stable after 2 cycles of reaction.


Subject(s)
Acetoacetates/metabolism , Benzyl Compounds/metabolism , Kluyveromyces/metabolism , Pichia/metabolism , Cells, Immobilized/metabolism , Oxidation-Reduction , Time Factors
8.
Indian J Exp Biol ; 2014 Aug; 52(8): 825-834
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-153766

ABSTRACT

Dendrocalamus hamiltonii plants are slender and tall (15-25 m) thereby, rendering tagging, sampling and tracking the development of flowers difficult. Therefore, a reproducible system of in vitro flowering was established for tracking the stages of flower development. MS medium supplemented with 2.22 µM 6-benzylaminopurine, 1.23 µM indole-3-butyric acid and 2% sucrose was optimized as the flower induction medium (FIM) wherein 28 and 42 days were required for the development of gynoecium and androecium, respectively. Six distinct stages of in vitro flower development were identified, and the flowers were comparable with that of in planta sporadic flowers. Pollen viability of the in vitro flowers was higher than those of in planta ones. The in vitro system developed in the present study facilitates easy tracking of different stages of flower development under controlled environmental conditions. It can also be used for medium- or long-term storage of pollens and manipulation of in vitro fertilization.


Subject(s)
Magnoliopsida/drug effects , Magnoliopsida/growth & development , Benzyl Compounds/pharmacology , Flowers/drug effects , Flowers/growth & development , In Vitro Techniques , Indoles/pharmacology , Pollen/drug effects , Purines/pharmacology , Reproduction/drug effects , Sucrose/chemistry
9.
Chinese Journal of Biotechnology ; (12): 1573-1585, 2014.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-345566

ABSTRACT

In order to study the effect of phytohormone on growth and isoflavones contents of Pueraria phaseoloides hairy roots, we cultured the hairy roots with different concentrations of 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA) alone or in combination with α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Then we determined the effects of 6-BA alone or in combination with NAA on the growth and the contents of isoflavones compounds and levels of antioxidase activities of hairy roots by spectrophotometry. The results show that 6-BA inhibited the growth, and decreased biomass and total isoflavones compounds of P. phaseoloides hairy roots. Furthermore, the inhibition was increased with the concentrations of 6-BA. Compared with the controls, different concentrations of 6-BA in combination with NAA 2.0 mg/L could inhibit the growth of hairy roots and decrease the content of total isoflavone compounds, and also significantly enhanced the contents of soluble protein and levels of peroxidase (POD) activities, but decreased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD). DNA ladders detected by agarose gel electrophoresis can be observed after hairy roots of P. phaseoloides were cultured with 6-BA alone for 30 days, but can appear on the 20th day after culture with 6-BA in combination with NAA 2.0 mg/L. This result indicates that 6-BA or 6-BA in combination with NAA can both stimulate appearance of programmed cell death (PCD), and NAA may play a synergistic role on PCD.


Subject(s)
Benzyl Compounds , Isoflavones , Chemistry , Kinetin , Pharmacology , Naphthaleneacetic Acids , Pharmacology , Plant Growth Regulators , Pharmacology , Plant Roots , Chemistry , Pueraria , Purines
10.
Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica ; (12): 337-342, 2013.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-235663

ABSTRACT

Bibenzyl is a type of active compounds abundant in Dendrobium. In the present study, we investigated the inhibitory effects of six bibenzyls isolated from Dendrobium species on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced tube formation in human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs). All those bibenzyls inhibited VEGF-induced tube formation at 10 micromol x L(-1) except tristin, and of which moscatilin was found to have the strongest activity at the same concentration. The lowest effective concentration of moscatilin was 1 micromol x L(-1). Further results showed that moscatilin inhibited VEGF-induced capillary-like tube formation on HUVECs in a concentration-dependent manner. Western blotting results showed that moscatilin also inhibited VEGF-induced phosphorylation of VEGFR2 (Flk-1/KDR) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2). Further results showed that moscatilin inhibited VEGF-induced activation of c-Raf and MEK1/2, which are both upstream signals of ERK1/2. Taken together, results presented here demonstrated that moscatilin inhibited angiogenesis via blocking the activation of VEGFR2 (Flk-1/KDR) and c-Raf-MEK1/2-ERK1/2 signals.


Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Mice , Angiogenesis Inhibitors , Pharmacology , Benzyl Compounds , Pharmacology , Bibenzyls , Pharmacology , Cell Count , Cells, Cultured , Dendrobium , Chemistry , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells , MAP Kinase Kinase 1 , Metabolism , MAP Kinase Kinase 2 , Metabolism , MAP Kinase Signaling System , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Neovascularization, Physiologic , Phosphorylation , Plants, Medicinal , Chemistry , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf , Metabolism , Signal Transduction , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 , Metabolism
11.
China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica ; (24): 3799-3802, 2012.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-346835

ABSTRACT

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To determine the content of baicalin in Scutellaria baicalensis callus induced by different doncentrations of exogenous hormones.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>HPLC system was adopted to determine baicalin in S. baicalensis callus. Chromatographic conditions: ODS column was adopted, with methanol-water-phosphate (47: 53: 0.2) as the mobile phase. The flow velocity was 1 mL x min(-1), the detective wavelength was 280 nm, and the temperature of column was room temperature.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>S. baicalensis callus induced by 6-BA 1.0 mg x L(-1) + NAA 0.5 mg x L(-1) showed the highest baicalin content, up to 49.78 mg x g(-1).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The experiment is such a simple, rapid and stable method for determining the baicalin content that it can be used for determining the baicalin content in S. baicalensis callus.</p>


Subject(s)
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid , Pharmacology , Benzyl Compounds , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Flavonoids , Metabolism , Kinetin , Pharmacology , Naphthaleneacetic Acids , Pharmacology , Plant Growth Regulators , Pharmacology , Purines , Scutellaria baicalensis , Metabolism , Tissue Culture Techniques , Methods
12.
China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica ; (24): 3812-3814, 2012.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-346832

ABSTRACT

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect of sucrose and plant growth substances of different concentrations on the induction of test-tube tuberous roots of Rehmannia glutinosa, in order to establish an efficient system for the induction of test-tube tuberous roots from leaves of R. glutinosa.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Leaves from test-tube seedlings of 85-5 R. glutinosa were used as explants. After rooting induction, they were transferred to medium with orthogonal design for inducing test-tube tuberous roots of R. glutinosa.</p><p><b>RESULT AND CONCLUSION</b>NAA played a significant role in induction of test-tube tuberous roots of R. glutinosa, followed by sucrose and 6-BA. With leaves from test-tube seedlings as the explants, the optimal medium for inducing test-tube tuberous roots of R. glutinosa was MS + BA 3.0 mg x L(-1) + NAA 0.1 mg x L(-1) + sucrose 7%. The study provides an efficient induction system for studies on artificial seeds and secondary metabolism with test-tube tuberous roots of R. glutinosa.</p>


Subject(s)
Benzyl Compounds , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Kinetin , Pharmacology , Naphthaleneacetic Acids , Pharmacology , Plant Growth Regulators , Pharmacology , Plant Leaves , Plant Roots , Purines , Rehmannia , Seedlings , Sucrose , Pharmacology , Tissue Culture Techniques , Methods
13.
Biol. Res ; 45(2): 131-136, 2012. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-648571

ABSTRACT

An efficient protocol for organogenesis through leaves has been established for Launaea sarmentosa (Willd.) Sch. Bip. ex Kuntze, a highly valuable medicinal plant. The leaf explants produced microshoots on MS basal medium when fortified with cytokinins and auxins. A combination of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) at 0.5mg/l and naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) at 0.2mg/l resulted in the induction of high frequency microshoots in 30 days. The microshoots were successfully subcultured for shoot elongation and eventually for rooting on MS medium supplemented with indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) at 0.5mg/l. The regenerated plantlets were hardened under greenhouse conditions and transferred to garden, resulting in a 90% survival rate.


Subject(s)
Asteraceae/growth & development , Organogenesis, Plant/physiology , Plant Growth Regulators/pharmacology , Plant Leaves/growth & development , Plant Shoots/growth & development , Regeneration/physiology , Asteraceae/drug effects , Benzyl Compounds/pharmacology , Naphthaleneacetic Acids , Organogenesis, Plant/drug effects , Plant Leaves/drug effects , Plant Shoots/drug effects , Purines/pharmacology , Regeneration/drug effects
14.
Bulletin of Pharmaceutical Sciences-Assiut University. 2012; 35 (Part 1): 43-54
in English, Arabic | IMEMR | ID: emr-154255

ABSTRACT

The methanolic extract of Polygonum bellardii All [flowering aerial parts] and its fractions in addition to the isolated compounds [1-6] showed significant antioxidant potential by DPPH scavenging activity technique. It also showed hepatoprotective activity against carbon tetrachloride [CC[4] induced hepatic injury in albino rats. The fractions exhibited antibacterial activity against both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria in addition to antifungal activity. The total methanolic extract of Polygonum bellardii All did not show signs oftoxicity and mortality up to 4 g/kg dose. Determination of total flavonoid content with respect to quercetin spectrophotometrically indicated the presence of 185. 2 +/- 1.03 mg/g dried extract


Subject(s)
Anti-Infective Agents , Benzyl Compounds , Antioxidants
17.
Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica ; (12): 228-234, 2010.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-250658

ABSTRACT

It was recently shown that several new synthetic 2-alkylsulfanyl-6-benzyl-3, 4-dihydropyrimidin-4(3H)-one (S-DABO) derivatives demonstrated anti-HIV-1 activity. Three of the derivatives namely RZK-4, RZK-5 and RZK-6 were used in this study to explore their inhibitory effects on a variety of HIV strains. These compounds at a concentration of 200 microg mL(-1) almost completely inhibited the activity of recombinant HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. All of the three compounds reduced replication of HIV-1 laboratory-derived strains, low-passage clinical isolated strain, and the drug resistant strain. In particular RZK-6 showed potent activity against the HIV-1 drug resistant strain. In general, the antiviral activities are similar in magnitude to nevirapine (NVP), which is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor approved by FDA. The therapeutic indexes of these compounds were remarkable, ranging from 3704 to 38462 indicating extremely low cytotoxicity. These results suggest that the three S-DABO derivatives in this study have good potential for further development in anti-HIV-1 therapy. It may be particularly useful to target at the non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors resistant HIV-1 strain.


Subject(s)
Humans , Anti-HIV Agents , Chemistry , Pharmacology , Benzyl Compounds , Chemistry , Pharmacology , Cell Line , Drug Resistance, Viral , HIV Reverse Transcriptase , Metabolism , HIV-1 , Pyrimidinones , Chemistry , Pharmacology , Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors , Chemistry , Pharmacology , Virus Replication
18.
Biocell ; 33(3): 141-148, Dec. 2009. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-595018

ABSTRACT

Two independent parameters, epicotyl height (cm) and number of induced buds were studied on Pinus pinaster explants to analyse the effects of three phytohormones (6-benzylaminopurine, jasmonic acid, ethylene) which were combined or not in 11 different treatments. Epicotyle length diminished significantly in relation to the control medium (medium without exogen phytohormones) in presence of jasmonic acid, 6-benzylaminopurine or Ethephon (which is converted to ethylene in plants) in any of treatments. Concentrations of 100 microM of jasmonic acid and Ethephon had a greater inhibitory effect than the treatments with 10 microM. In addition to that, jasmonic acid was a stronger inhibitor than Ethephon in any of the tried combinations. There were no significant differences between the control treatment and the treatment s with only 10 microM of jasmonic acid or Ethephon. However, 10 microM 6-benzylaminopurine induced bud formation. The different combinations of 6-benzylaminopurine with jasmonic acid and Ethephon showed that concentrations of 10 to 100 microM did not affect the number of induced buds. Jasmonic acid had an inhibitory effect which Ethephon only showed when combined with 100 microM of jasmonic acid and 10 microM of 6-benzylaminopurine. Three response groups were defined by cluster analysis: group 1 produced the greatest mean number of buds (4 to 5) and a mean epicotyl growth of 1 to 1.5 cm; group 2 produced 2 to 4 buds and a mean growth of 0.5 to 1.2 cm; group 3 produced only one bud and a mean epicotyl length of 1.2 to 2 cm.


Subject(s)
Cyclopentanes/pharmacology , Organophosphorus Compounds/pharmacology , Benzyl Compounds/pharmacology , Ethylenes/pharmacology , Ethylenes/metabolism , Purines/pharmacology , Plant Components, Aerial/growth & development , Plant Components, Aerial , Pinus/growth & development , Pinus , Plant Growth Regulators/pharmacology
19.
West Indian med. j ; 58(5): 407-409, Nov. 2009.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-672511

ABSTRACT

Studies conducted on the secondary metabolite (natural product), dibenzyl trisulphide (DTS), which was isolated from the sub-tropical shrub Petiveria alliacea (guinea hen weed, anamu) [Phytolaccaceae] have shown tremendous pharmaceutical promise as a drug prototype. This is now reflected in the development of the broad spectrum anti-cancer molecule, fluorapacin (bis(4-fluorobenzyl) trisulphide) which has an excellent safety profile. The mode of action elucidated for DTS is the mitogen activated protein extracellular regulated kinases 1 and 2 (MAPKinases ERK 1 and ERK 2). The MAPKinase signal transduction biochemical pathways are important in the regulation of a wide range of cellular processes which are important in disease establishment. These processes include: cancer cell proliferation, nerve repair, memory enhancement, autoimmune diseases, which are linked to thymic cell involution and bone marrow functions, cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases. In addition to the MAPkinase signal transduction mode of action, DTS also prevents the denaturation of serum albumin which is a feature of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, thus supporting the molecule's possible role in the treatment of inflammatory ageing diseases.


Los estudios realizados sobre el metabolito secundario (producto natural), trisulfuro de dibencilo (TSD), que fue aislado del arbusto subtropical Petiveria alliacea (hierba de guinea, anamú) [Phytolaccaceae] muestran que se trata de una tremenda promesa farmacéutica como prototipo de droga. Esto se refleja actualmente en el desarrollo de la molécula anticancerígena de amplio espectro, la fluorapacina (bis (4-fluorobencilo) trisulfuro) que posee un excelente perfil de seguridad. El modo de acción para el TSD se explica partiendo de las proteínas quinasas 1 y 2 activadas por mitógenos y reguladas por señales extracelulares (Quinasas MAP ERK 1 y ERK 2). Las vías bioquímicas de transducción de la señal de la quinasa MAP, son importantes en la regulación de una amplia variedad de procesos celulares, importantes a la hora de determinar una enfermedad. Dichos procesos comprenden: la proliferación de la célula cancerosa, la reparación de nervios, el mejoramiento de la memoria, y las enfermedades autoinmunes, vinculadas con la involución tímica y las funciones de la médula, las enfermedades cerebrovasculares y cardiovasculares. Además del modo de acción de las transducción de señales de la quinasa MAP, el TSD previene también la desnaturalización de la albúmina sérica, lo cual constituye una característica de las drogas anti-inflamatorias no esferoidales, apoyando así el posible papel de las moléculas en el tratamiento de las enfermedades inflamatorias en el proceso de envejecimiento.


Subject(s)
Humans , Benzyl Compounds/pharmacology , Drug Design , Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases/drug effects , Fluorobenzenes/pharmacology , Phytolaccaceae , Signal Transduction/drug effects , Sulfides/pharmacology , Cell Differentiation/drug effects , Cell Proliferation/radiation effects , Mesenchymal Stem Cells/drug effects , Nerve Degeneration/drug therapy , Plant Extracts/pharmacology
20.
China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica ; (24): 2581-2585, 2009.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-315402

ABSTRACT

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect of the different constitutions of plant hormone on the development of Anoectochilus roxburghii.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>A. roxburghii were harvested after having been cultured for 60 days. An orthogonal design was used to study the effect of NAA and 6-BA on the leaf number, eustipe number, lateral branch number of the stem tip and stem section, and the height of the stem tips. All of the data were processed by SPSS.</p><p><b>RESULT AND CONCLUSION</b>It is reported for the first time that NAA could make different development of A. roxburghii at low concentration ( < 1 mg L(-1)) and high concentration ( > 1 mg L(-1)). The optimum constitution of MS medium was NAA 0.5 mg L(-1) + 6-BA 1 mg L(-1) for the growth of the stem tip of A. roxburghii, and NAA 1 mg L(-1) + 6-BA 2 mg L(-1) for the differentiation of bud and the formation of lateral branch of the stem section. The different concentrations of NAA and 6-BA had different effects on the growth and differentiation of the stem tip and the stem section of A. roxburghii.</p>


Subject(s)
Benzyl Compounds , Data Interpretation, Statistical , Kinetin , Metabolism , Naphthaleneacetic Acids , Metabolism , Orchidaceae , Metabolism , Plant Growth Regulators , Metabolism , Purines , Software , Tissue Culture Techniques
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