ABSTRACT
Background: Diabetes mellitus treatment is based on oral hypoglycemic agents or insulin. Medicinal plants constitute an option, and the leaves of Prosopis ruscifolia (Pr) were shown to be effective in reducing glycemia in hyperglycemic animals. Objective: In this paper, we report the effect of P. rusciofolia (Pr) on insulin and incretin secretion in alloxan-induced hyperglycemic rats. Methodology: The effective dose was selected, and four groups (n=10) of Wistar rats were used. Two groups with normal glycemia received water or Pr (75 mg/Kg, per os, p.o.), and two groups with hyperglycemia induced by alloxan (intraperitoneal, ip), received water or Pr (75 mg/Kg, p.o.) for 2 weeks. Oral glucose tolerance test, and incretin and insulin levels were measured at the end of the experimental period. Results: The results showed that extract promotes better tolerance to oral glucose overload, in addition to a statistically significant (p<0.001) increase in blood levels of incretin and insulin, compared to the hyperglycemic rats. Conclusion: It is concluded that the ethanolic extract of P. ruscifolialeaves has a hypoglycemic effect in hyperglycemic animals by a mechanism that involves the incretin-insulin system
Antecedentes: la diabetes mellitus es una enfermedad metabólica cuyo tratamiento se basa en el uso de agentes hipoglicemiantes orales o insulina. Una opción al tratamiento son las plantas medicinales y en ese sentido, estudios previos en animales con hojas de Prosopis ruscifolia (Pr) han demostrado efecto hipoglicemiante. Objetivo: en este trabajo se reporta el efecto de P. rusciofolia (Pr) en la secreción de insulina e incretina, en ratas hiperglicémicas por aloxano. Metodología: se emplearon cuatro grupos de ratas Wistar (n=10). Dos grupos con glicemia normal que fueron tratadas con agua Pr (75 mg/Kg, per os, p.o.) y dos grupos con hiperglicemia inducida por la inyección intraperitoneal de aloxano recibieron agua Pr (75 mg/Kg, per os, p.o.) durante dos semanas. Se midieron la tolerancia oral a la glucosa, y los niveles de incretina e insulina al final del periodo de experimentación. Resultados: se encontró que el extracto promueve una mayor tolerancia a la sobrecarga de glucosa, y además un incremento significativo (p<0.001) de los niveles de incretina e insulina en sangre, comparados al grupo de ratas hiperglicémicas. Conclusión: se concluye que e l estracto etanólico de las hojas de P. ruscifolia tienen efecto hipoglicemiante en animales hiperglicémicos por un mecanismo que incluye al sistema incretina-insulina
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Rats , Plant Extracts/therapeutic use , Prosopis/chemistry , Incretins/metabolism , Hyperglycemia/drug therapy , Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use , Insulin/metabolism , Biochemical Phenomena , Rats, Wistar , Alloxan , Hyperglycemia/chemically inducedABSTRACT
La publicación describe la información actualizada de las atenciones integrales de salud realizadas a las personas expuestas a metales pesados, metaloides y otras sustancias químicas, por curso de vida. El Perú es un país de gran diversidad geográfica, geológica, étnica y cultural, con una variedad de actividades productivas, extractoras y de servicios (formales e informales) que generan, aparte de sus beneficios, agentes contaminantes y desechos, pasivos ambientales y otros focos de contaminación que vierten al ambiente elementos tóxicos tales como el plomo, mercurio, cadmio, arsénico, aluminio, bario, cromo, cobre, hierro, que se dispersan en el ambiente y llegan a los cuerpos de agua superficiales y subterráneas directa o indirectamente; los cuales pueden alterar procesos bioquímicos y/o fisiológicos en el organismo, por lo que brindar de manera oportuna atención integral de salud a personas expuestas a metales pesados, metaloides y otras sustancias químicas y el registro en el HIS de toda acción y/o actividad realizada desde un tamizaje clínico, apoyo al diagnóstico con laboratorio por medio de un dosaje, entrega y evaluación de resultados, diagnóstico, tratamiento, y seguimiento, contribuirá a obtener información valiosa y exacta de la atención clínica
Subject(s)
Biochemical Phenomena , Hazardous Substances , Outcome Assessment, Health Care , Comprehensive Health Care , Toxic Substances , Environmental Pollutants , Environmental Pollution , Clinical CodingABSTRACT
Resumen Introducción y objetivos: Los programas de rehabilitación cardiaca (RHC) son considerados como los más eficaces entre las intervenciones de prevención secundaria. El cual su función es mejorar la sobrevida como así también, la calidad de vida de estos enfermos. El objetivo fundamental de este trabajo es analizar el impacto de un Programa de Rehabilitación Cardiaca en pacientes portadores de cardiopatía isquémica con respecto a parámetros bioquímicos, antropométricos y funcionales. Pacientes y métodos: Fue un estudio observacional retrospectivo, unicéntrico, con seguimiento de 3 años. Se incluyo un total de 228 pacientes. Con criterios de inclusión: >18 años, con EAC y al menos una comorbilidad de riesgo cardiovascular que completaran el PRC. Se excluyó enfermedad valvular sin cardiopatía isquémica preexistente, infarto agudo al miocardio reciente, ángor inestable, obstrucción del tracto de salida del ventrículo izquierdo, y los que no cumplieron el PRC. Resultados: De los 228 pacientes que se incluyeron el PRC del HSVP el 70,7% eran hombres y el 29,3% eran mujeres con diagnóstico de cardiopatía isquémica. El promedio de edad era de 60.2 +- 11.4 años en total entre hombres y mujeres. El peso de los pacientes masculinos previo al ingreso del PRC fue de 77,7 kg +-13,2 kg, y las mujeres 69,7 kg +- 13,1 kg. Al final del fue de 75,5 kg +-13,1 kg y el de las mujeres era de 68,3 +- 13,1 kg. En la caminata de 6 minutos el promedio de mujeres al inicio fue de 390,0 mts y el de los hombres de 386,6, y la segunda vez posterior a la rehabilitación en hombres fue de 595,8 +- 107,2 y el de las mujeres fue de 549+-102,4. Los niveles de PCR de los hombres al inicio del programa fue de 1,2 +-2,4 mg/dL y el de las mujeres fue de 1,5 +- 1,9 mg/dL al finalizar los hombres tuvieron un promedio de 1,8+-3,0 Conclusiones: Los PRC dependen de la participación de profesionales de la salud que trabajen en equipo para alcanzar resultados finales, los cuales están basados no solo en el ejercicio sino también en el cambio de estilo de vida del paciente, por lo tanto, necesita de servicios asociados como fisioterapia, nutrición, psicología.
Abstract Effect of the Cardiac Rehabilitation Program of the Hospital San Vicente Paúl on biochemical, anthropometric and functional parameters in patients with ischemic heart disease from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2015 Introduction and objectives: Cardiac Rehabilitation Programs, are considered the most effective programs among secondary prevention interventions. The function is to improve survival as well as the quality of life of these patients. The main objective of this work is to analyze the impact of Cardiac Rehabilitation Program in patients with ischemic heart disease with the respect biochemical, anthropometric and functional parameters. Patients and method: A observational, retrospective single-center, study with a 3-year-follow up. A total of 228 patients were included, witch 70.7% were men with an average of 60.2+-11.4 years. The inclusion criteria were: > 18 years with CAD and at least one cardiovascular risk comorbidity and completed the Cardiac Rehabilitation Program. Valvular disease without pre-existing ischemic heart disease, recent acute myocardial infarction, unstable angina, left ventricular outflow tract obstruction, and those who did not went to the Program. Results: The 228 patients who were included in the HSVP CRP, 70.7% were men and 29.3% were women with a diagnosis of ischemic heart disease. The average age was 60.2 + - 11.4 years in total between men and women. The weight of male patients prior to admission to the CRP was 77.7 kg + -13.2 kg, and women 69.7 kg + -13.1 kg. At the end of the program, the weight of the men was 75.5 kg + -13.1 kg and that of the women was 68.3 + - 13.1 kg. The total waist circumference at the start of the program was 100.1 ± 11.4 cm. In women the average was 98.4 + - 12.7cm, that of men was 101.1 + - 10.8 cm. At the end of the program, the total average of men and women was 96.7 + - 11.0, the average of women at the end of the program was 96.2 + - 12.6 cm and of men was 96. 9 + - 10. In the 6-minute walk, the average of women at the beginning was 390.0 meters and that of men was 386.6, and the second time after rehabilitation in men was 595.8 + - 107.2 and the of women it was 549 + -102.4. In men, the previous total cholesterol was 154.8 + -39.7 mg / dL and that of women was 162.0 + -40.2 mg / dL and at the end of the program the value of men was 161 .6 + -46.0 mg / dL and 170.8 + -41.8 mg / dL for women. The CRP levels of the men at the beginning of the program was 1.2 + -2.4 mg / dL and that of the women was 1.5 + - 1.9 mg / dL at the end of the program, the men had an average of 1.8 + -3.0. Conclusion: The Cardiac Rehabilitation Program depends on the partipation of health professionals care who work as a team to achieve final results, witch are based not only on exercise but also on the change in the patient's lifestyle, therefore, they need associated services such as physiotherapy, nutrition, psychology.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Myocardial Ischemia/rehabilitation , Cardiac Rehabilitation/statistics & numerical data , Biochemical Phenomena , Body Weights and Measures , Costa Rica , Age and Sex Distribution , Exercise Therapy/statistics & numerical data , Life StyleABSTRACT
SUMMARY: Formaldehyde (FA) is a toxic substance used frequently in the field of medicine as well as in many industrial areas. Especially people working in the field of anatomy, histology, and pathology are in high risk group because of the use of the FA. Studies showing the effects of FA on the cardiovascular system are few in number. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of FA exposure, which we believe can cause oxidative stress, on the heart and aorta with various biochemical analyses. A total of 24 Wistar Albino rats were used in our study. We divided the rats into 3 groups as the Control Group (CG), the group exposed to low-dose FA (avg. 1 ppm) (DDG) Group, and the group exposed to high-dose FA (avg. 10 ppm) (YDG). At the end of the subchronic FA exposure, the blood samples, heart and aorta tissues of the rats were taken and subjected to biochemical analyses. As a result of the analyses, statistically significant differences were detected between CG (2.96?0.85 ng/mg), and HDG (2.08?0.77 ng/mg) in aortic tissues in TXNIP analysis (p<0.05). In heart tissues, significant differences were detected between CG (0.73?0.27 ng/mg) and LDG (1.13?0.22 ng/mg) (p<0.05). Statistically significant differences were also detected between CG (1.98?0.31 mM/ml) and YDG (2.43?0.31 mM/ml) in serum MDA analyses (p<0.05). It was shown that subchronic application of FA to LDG rats through inhalation had no effects on apoptosis markers in heart tissues. More studies are required to show FA toxicity and the mechanism of action of pathology on the cardiovascular system. We believe that our study will contribute to clarifying the roles of mild and subchronic exposure of FA in heart and aortic tissues in terms of oxidative stress risk.
RESUMEN: El formaldehído es una sustancia tóxica que se utiliza con frecuencia en el campo de la medicina, así como en muchas áreas industriales. Especialmente las personas que trabajan en el area de la anatomía, y patología se encuentran en el grupo de alto riesgo debido al uso de esta sustancia. Pocos son los estudios que muestran los efectos del formaldehído en el sistema cardiovascular. El propósito del presente estudio fue investigar a través de análisis bioquímicos, los efectos de la exposición a formaldehído, que podría causar estrés oxidativo, en el corazón y la aorta. Se utilizaron un total de 24 ratas Albinas Wistar. Dividimos a las ratas en 3 grupos: grupo control (GC), grupo expuesto a dosis bajas de AG (promedio 1 ppm) (DDG) y grupo expuesto a dosis altas de AG (promedio 10 ppm) (YDG). Al término de la exposición a FA subcrónica, se tomaron muestras de sangre, tejido cardíaco y aorta de las ratas y se sometieron a análisis bioquímicos. Como resultado de los análisis, se detec- taron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre GC (2,96 ? 0,85 ng / mg) y HDG (2,08 ? 0,77 ng / mg) en los tejidos aórticos en el análisis TXNIP (p <0,05). En los tejidos cardíacos se detectaron diferencias significativas entre GC (0,73 ? 0,27 ng / mg) y LDG (1,13 ? 0,22 ng / mg) (p <0,05). También se detectaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre CG (1,98 ? 0,31 mM / ml) y YDG (2,43 ? 0,31 mM / ml) en los análisis de MDA en suero (p <0,05). Se demostró que la aplicación subcrónica de formaldehído a ratas LDG a través de la inhalación no tuvo efectos sobre los marcadores de apoptosis en los tejidos del corazón. Se requieren más estudios para demostrar la toxicidad de los AG y el mecanismo de acción de la patología en el sistema cardiovascular. Creemos que nuestro estudio contribuirá a aclarar las funciones de la exposición leve y subcrónica de formaldehído en los tejidos cardíacos y aórticos en términos de riesgo al estrés oxidativo.
Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Aorta/drug effects , Oxidative Stress/drug effects , Formaldehyde/pharmacology , Heart/drug effects , Aorta/chemistry , Thioredoxins/analysis , Biochemical Phenomena , Inhalation , Rats, Wistar , Peroxidase/analysis , Formaldehyde/administration & dosage , Hydroxyproline/analysis , Myocardium/chemistryABSTRACT
ABSTRACT For athletes under training, it is more efficient to use the Internet of Things (IoT) and cloud computing methods to collect and process biochemical indicators, and this study is about research based on the IoT and cloud computing technology for athletes under training. The problems are put forward in this study. The requirements of related algorithm design and the communication model properties are comprehensively analyzed. Scheduling the link and allocating the transmit power of the nodes are comprehensively considered, with design and analysis of wireless sensor network scheduling algorithm. The factors influencing the scheduling efficiency of the algorithm are analyzed, considering the node density and the influence of different power allocation schemes on the scheduling result. This study shows that the algorithm of this thesis can collect the biochemical index data of athletes during training period. As the number of nodes increases, the running results will gradually move towards the optimal value. This research study is of important theoretical significance for the application of IoT and cloud computing technology and the improvement of athlete training effect.
RESUMO Para os indicadores bioquímicos dos atletas durante o treino, é mais eficiente usar a internet das coisas e métodos de computação em nuvem para coletar e processar indicadores bioquímicos durante o treino de atletas. Este estudo se baseia na tecnologia da internet das coisas IoT e na computação em nuvem voltada para atletas durante o período de treino. Os problemas são apresentados neste documento. Os requisitos de concepção de algoritmos relacionados e propriedades do modelo de comunicação são amplamente analisados. A programação do link e a alocação da potência de transmissão dos nodos são considerados de forma abrangente, com projeto e análise do algoritmo de programação da rede de sensores sem fio. Os fatores que influenciam a eficiência de programação do algoritmo são analisados, considerando a densidade do nodo e a influência de diferentes sistemas de alocação de energia no resultado da programação. A pesquisa Mostra que o algoritmo desta tese pode coletar os dados do índice bioquímico dos atletas durante o período de treino. À medida que o número de nodos aumenta, os resultados de execução tenderão gradualmente para o valor ideal. Esta pesquisa tem um significado teórico importante para a aplicação da tecnologia da internet das coisas e computação em nuvem e para a melhoria do efeito dos treinos realizados por atletas.
RESUMEN Para los indicadores bioquímicos de los atletas durante el entrenamiento, es más eficiente usar la internet de las cosas y métodos de computación en nube para recolectar y procesar indicadores bioquímicos durante el entrenamiento de atletas. Este estudio se basa en la tecnología de la internet de las cosas IoT y en la computación en nube dedicada a atletas durante el período de entrenamiento. Los problemas son presentados en este documento. Los requisitos de concepción de algoritmos relacionados y propriedades del modelo de comunicación son ampliamente analizados. La programación del link y la destinación de la potencia de transmisión de los nodos son considerados de forma abarcadora, con proyecto y análisis del algoritmo de programación de la red de sensores inalámbrica. Los fatores que influencian la eficiencia de programación del algoritmo son analizados, considerando la densidad del nodo y la influencia de diferentes sistemas de destinación de energía en el resultado de la programación. La investigación muestra que el algoritmo de esta tesis puede recolectar los datos del índice bioquímico de los atletas durante el período de entrenamiento. A medida que el número de nodos aumenta, los resultados de ejecución tenderán gradualmente hacia el valor ideal. Esta investigación tiene un significado teórico importante para la aplicación de la tecnología de la internet de las cosas y computación en nube y para la mejora del efecto de los entrenamientos realizados por atletas.
Subject(s)
Humans , Biochemical Phenomena , Computer Systems , Athletic Performance , Athletes , AlgorithmsABSTRACT
RESUMO As DCV são as principais causas de morbimortalidade mundial, sendo o sedentarismo um dos principais fatores de risco para seu desenvolvimento. Assim, esta investigação teve como objetivo avaliar o número de passos diários e sua associação com fatores de risco cardiometabólicos (FRCV) em professores. Foram avaliados o número de passos diários, parâmetros antropométricos, hemodinâmicos e bioquímicos de 150 professores, divididos em Dois grupos (G1 < 10000 passos e G2 ≥ 10000 passos). Para determinar a associação e magnitude desta entre FRCV e níveis insuficientes de atividade física foram utilizados o teste qui quadrado e razão de chances. Correlação de Pearson foi utilizada para verificar a relação entre o número de passos e as demais variáveis e curvas ROC para avaliar o ponto de corte de passos diários em relação a cada FRCV. Entre os docentes avaliados, 42% eram ativos fisicamente, apresentando melhor perfil antropométrico, hemodinâmico e bioquímico. Hipertensão arterial e dislipidemias foram os FRCV que apresentaram associação com a condição de baixo número de passos. O ponto de corte de número de passos indicou valores superiores a 12,500 passos/dia para proteção contra os FRCV. Assim, a maioria dos docentes era insuficientemente ativa, destacando que aqueles que atingiram 10000 passos por dia de média, apresentaram um melhor perfil cardiometabólico.
ABSTRACT Cardiovascular diseases are the main causes of worldwide morbidity and mortality, with a sedentary lifestyle being one of the main risk factors for its development. Thus, this investigation aimed to evaluate the number of daily steps and their association with cardiometabolic risk factors (CRF) in teachers. The number of daily steps, anthropometric, hemodynamic and biochemical parameters of 150 teachers were evaluated, divided into two groups (G1 <10,000 steps and G2 ≥ 10,000 steps). To determine the association and magnitude of this between CRF and insufficient levels of physical activity, the chi square test and odds ratio were used. Pearson's correlation was used to verify the relationship between the number of steps and the other variables and ROC curves to assess the cutoff point of daily steps in relation to each CRF. Among the teachers evaluated, 42% were physically active, with a better anthropometric, hemodynamic and biochemical profile. Arterial hypertension and dyslipidemia were the CRF that were associated with the condition of low number of steps. The cut-off point for the number of steps indicated values greater than 12,500 steps/day for protection against CRF. Thus, most teachers were insufficiently active, highlighting that those who reached 10,000 steps per day on average, had a better cardiometabolic profile.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , School Teachers , Cardiometabolic Risk Factors , Motor Activity , Biochemical Phenomena , Anthropometry , Dyslipidemias , Sedentary Behavior , Hypertension , ObesityABSTRACT
This study aimed to examine the efficacy of magnesium chloride therapy in sheep experimentally poisoned by Palicourea marcgravii and describe the clinical and laboratory findings that may aid in early ante mortem diagnosis of this poisoning. P. marcgravii is an important plant within a group of 22 species in Brazil that cause "sudden death." Its toxic component is sodium monofluoroacetate. It was observed that a time for evolution of poisoning was longer in our study compared to other studies that used the same dose of P. marcgravii in sheep. However, all animals that were poisoned and subsequently treated with magnesium chloride died. The sheep presented characteristic clinical signs before death in addition to other signs that have not been previously described for this type of poisoning, such as abdominal breathing, coughing, head pressing, and nystagmus. This is the first evaluation of hematological parameters of sheep poisoned by P. marcgravii. Leukocytosis with neutrophilia, hyperfibrinogenemia, and hyperglycemia, associated with hypophosphatemia and elevated levels of serum aspartato aminotransferase (AST), glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH), urea, creatinine, creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), were observed. Additionally, changes were noted in necropsy, such as engorged jugular, large vessel congestion, pulmonary edema. Histological examination revealed vacuolar hydropic degeneration in the distal twisted uriniferous tubules in the kidneys, similar to those reported in previous studies on P. marcgravii poisoning.(AU)
O presente estudo objetivou verificar a eficácia terapêutica do cloreto de magnésio em ovinos intoxicados experimentalmente por Palicourea marcgravii e descrever os achados clínicos e laboratoriais que possam auxiliar no diagnóstico precoce ante mortem dessa intoxicação. P. marcgravii é a principal planta dentro de um grupo de 22 espécies que causam "morte súbita" no Brasil e seu princípio tóxico é o monofluoracetato de sódio. Durante o procedimento, observou-se maior tempo de evolução em relação a outros trabalhos utilizando-se a mesma dose da P. marcgravii em ovinos, entretanto todos os animais intoxicados e posteriormente tratados com cloreto de magnésio vieram a óbito. Os ovinos apresentaram sinais clínicos característicos antes da morte, associados a sinais nunca antes descritos nesse tipo de intoxicação, como respiração abdominal, tosse, "head pressing" e nistagmo. Trata-se da primeira avaliação dos parâmetros hematológicos de ovinos intoxicados por P. marcgravi. Foi observado leucocitose com neutrofilia, hiperfibrinogemia e hiperglicemia, associado a elevação dos valores séricos de AST, GLDH, ureia, creatinina, CK, LDH e hipofosfatemia. À necropsia foram notadas alterações como jugular ingurgitada, congestão de grandes vasos, edema pulmonar. Histologicamente havia degeneração hidrópica vacuolar nos túbulos uriníferos contorcidos distais no rim, semelhantes às já relatadas em estudos anteriores, na intoxicação por P. marcgravii.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Plants, Toxic , Biochemical Phenomena , Sheep , Clinical Laboratory Techniques/veterinary , Rubiaceae/toxicity , Poisoning , Magnesium ChlorideABSTRACT
Bortezomib, an inhibitor of 26S proteasome, is an anti-cancer therapeutic agent used in different cancer types. It leads to the arrest of the cancerous cell cycle by inhibiting angiogenesis and inducing apoptosis. Liver is the vital organ for detoxification and excretion of toxic products. The treatment with chemotherapy is a challenge, drugs are used to destroy cancer cells, but healthy cells can be affected during cancer treatment as well. The main objective of this study was to analyze the histopathological and biochemical effects of bortezomib on liver. Twenty-four female C57BL/6 mice were distributed into 4 groups, bortezomib injected treatment groups (Btz1, Btz2) and saline injected control groups (C1, C2). Bortezomib and saline were treated twice per week for 6 weeks and sacrificed at the end of one day (Btz1, C1) and 4 weeks (Btz2, C2) after the last injection. Liver samples were examined for histopathological analysis and the serum samples processed for biochemical analysis. Tissue samples were fixed, routinely processed, sectioned, and stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E). Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS), Sudan Black staining and Masson's trichrome histochemical staining methods were performed to characterize the lesions. Histopathological analysis of the Btz1 and Btz2 groups revealed acute hepatic morphological changes such as hepatocellular swelling (cloudy swelling), necro-inflammatory reaction, and increased mononuclear polyploidy. Based on the negative staining with PAS and Sudan Black staining, hepatocellular swelling was diagnosed as hydropic degeneration. Necro-inflammatory reaction observed in the form of acute hepatitis was composed of mainly mononuclear cell infiltration accompanied by multifocal necrotic foci. Kupffer cell proliferation was observed in parallel with degenerative and necrotic changes. An Increase in hepatocellular mononuclear polyploidy visualized as hepatocytes with a single enlarged nucleus was detected in all liver sections of Btz1 and Btz2 groups. Individual cases of cholestasis (n = 1) and mild hepatic fibrosis (n = 1) were also reported. Significant elevated levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) were detected in bortezomib treated groups. Few clinical cases reported liver injury related to bortezomib used for cancer treatment. However, the liver was not considered as a target for bortezomib treatment. Our data suggesting that bortezomib caused liver damage and induces elevations in serum levels. The reported hepatic lesions including hepatocellular swelling, acute hepatitis and mononuclear polyploidy were mainly mild and moderate in severity. The increase of polyploidy in liver tissue of mice treated with bortezomib in this study was explained as a reaction of the liver facing the drug-induced hepatic damage. The mechanism leading to the hepatotoxicity of bortezomib treatment is not known but the production of a toxic metabolite through its metabolism in the liver can be suggested. Moreover, no recovery was also observed in histopathological and biochemical analyses suggesting that the bortezomib effect is non-reversible four weeks after the drug was withdrawn. Patients should be informed about the possibility of acute drug-induced hepatitis and hepatotoxicity of this chemotherapeutic agent after the treatment.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Mice , Biochemical Phenomena/drug effects , Proteasome Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Bortezomib , Liver/drug effects , MiceABSTRACT
In our country, cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the main cause of death. Unhealthy eating habits and sedentary lifestyles, among other factors, have contributed to increase the risk for CDV in the population. An alternative to the commonly used pharmacological therapies is the use of validated natural products that can be incorporated in the development of functional foods or supplements. In particular, the tomato has been shown to have a protective role in CVD; its high content of antioxidants, particularly lycopene, provides it with extensively documented beneficial properties. Tomasa, a by-product of the agroindustry, maintains some of the beneficial characteristics of its fruit of origin. Mice fed with a high-fat (hypercaloric) diet increase their body weight and visceral adipose mass, and also display an increase in metabolic and inflammatory parameters. Our results allow us to conclude that the consumption of Tomasa in mice fed a hypercaloric diet reduces the blood levels of cholesterol, glycaemia and pro-inflammatory cytokines. These results support the rationale of using of this by-product in the generation of functional ingredients with proven beneficial effects.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Mice , Solanum lycopersicum/metabolism , Metabolic Syndrome/metabolism , Metabolic Syndrome/prevention & control , Biochemical Phenomena , Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/metabolism , Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/prevention & control , Data Interpretation, Statistical , Coloring Agents/analysisABSTRACT
Resumen Introducción: El valor nutritivo de las proteínas derivadas de la carne magra de cerdo ha cambiado ostensiblemente con la tecnificación en la producción y la posibilidad de obtener productos que conserven un alto valor nutritivo. No obstante, en nuestro medio su consumo se ha estigmatizado por un posible aumento de riesgo cardiovascular. Objetivo: Evaluar el impacto del consumo de la carne magra de cerdo sobre algunos parámetros antropométricos y bioquímicos de riesgo cardiovascular. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de seguimiento a un grupo de 47 personas sanas que consumieron 200 gramos de carne magra de cerdo durante un periodo de ocho semanas, durante las cuales se valoraron parámetros bioquímicos, antropométricos, nutricionales y de riesgo cardiovascular. Resultados: Se observó que, tanto a las cuatro como a las ocho semanas, los niveles de colesterol LDL y triglicéridos no variaron. No obstante, los niveles de colesterol HDL y los micronutrientes zinc, hierro y vitamina B12 aumentaron en plasma luego de ocho semanas de consumo de carne magra de cerdo. De igual forma, marcadores metabólicos, como la adiponectina y el IGF-1, incrementaron luego de ocho semanas de consumo. Conclusiones: De acuerdo con estas observaciones la carne magra de cerdo puede mejorar el aporte de algunos micronutrientes y parámetros metabólicos sin que se haya evidenciado un efecto adverso sobre ciertos parámetros de riesgo cardiovascular en individuos sanos.
Abstract Introduction: The nutritional value of proteins derived from lean pork meat has essentially changed with the introduction of technology in the production and the possibility of obtaining products that retain a high nutritional value. However, its consumption has been stigmatised in this country due to a possible increase in cardiovascular risk. Objective: To evaluate the impact of consuming lean pork meat on some anthropometric and biochemical parameters of cardiovascular risk. Methods: A follow-up study was conducted on a population of 47 healthy subjects that consumed 200 grammes of lean pork meat for a period of 8 weeks. An evaluation was made of some biochemical, anthropometric, nutritional and cardiovascular risk parameters. Results: No changes were observed in the LDL-cholesterol or triglyceride levels. However, the plasma levels of HDL-cholesterol, as well as those of micronutrients such as zinc, iron and vitamin B12, increased after 8 weeks of consuming lean pork meat. Furthermore, metabolic markers, like adiponectin and IGF-1, also increased after eight weeks of consumption. Conclusions: According to these observations, lean pork meat may improve the supply of some micronutrients, as well as some metabolic parameters, with no evidence of any adverse effects on certain cardiovascular risk factors in healthy individuals.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Biochemical Phenomena , Anthropometry , Pork Meat , Heart Disease Risk Factors , Nutritional Physiological Phenomena , Vitamin B 12 , Cholesterol, HDL , Cholesterol, LDLABSTRACT
Devido à ausência de estudos sobre capivaras na região Nordeste do Brasil, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a sanidade desses roedores de vida livre em três áreas dos biomas Mata Atlântica (2) e Caatinga (1) do estado de Pernambuco, por meio da determinação de parâmetros da hematologia e bioquímica sérica. De novembro de 2016 a dezembro de 2017, foram capturados 21 animais, dos quais foram coletadas amostras de sangue para avaliação hematológica (eritrograma, leucograma e plaquetometria) e bioquímica sérica (atividade enzimática, perfil proteico, energético e mineral). A maioria dos parâmetros esteve dentro dos valores de normalidade para a espécie, embora alguns apresentassem diferenças estatisticamente significativas de acordo com a área de estudo (hemoglobina, hematócrito, VCM, CHCM, eosinófilos, fosfatase alcalina, proteína total, albumina, ácido úrico, creatinina, lactato, sódio e magnésio) e o sexo dos animais (ácido úrico). Os parâmetros obtidos são apresentados como referência e atestam a sanidade e o bom estado nutricional de populações de capivaras nos biomas Mata Atlântica e Caatinga da região Nordeste do Brasil. As informações aportadas neste estudo pioneiro na região Nordeste contribuem para aumentar o conhecimento sobre a ecofisiologia e a conservação in situ de capivaras.(AU)
Due to the lack of studies about capybaras in the northeast region of Brazil, the objective of this study was to evaluate the health status of free-ranging capybaras in three areas of Atlantic Forest (2) and Caatinga (1) biomes in Pernambuco state, through the determination of hematological and serum biochemical parameters. From November 2016 to December 2017, 21 animals were captured and blood samples were collected for the hematological (erythrogram, leukogram and platelet counts) and serum biochemistry (enzymatic activity, protein, energy and mineral profile) evaluation. Hematological and serum biochemical parameters were within the normal range for the species, but some presented statistically significant variations according to the study area (hemoglobin, hematocrit, MCV, MCHC, eosinophils count, alkaline phosphatase, total proteins, albumin, uric acid, creatinine, lactate, sodium and magnesium) and sex of the animals (uric acid). The parameters obtained are presented as reference and attest to the health and good nutritional status of populations of capybaras in the Atlantic Forest and Caatinga biomes of northeastern Brazil. The information provided in this pioneering study in the northeast region contributes to increased knowledge about the ecophysiology and in situ conservation of capybaras.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Rodentia/blood , Biochemical Phenomena , Ecosystem , Reference Standards/methods , Hematologic Tests/veterinaryABSTRACT
Abstract To develop a biorefinery concept applied in the brewery industry, Chlorella pyrenoidosa and a consortium of associated bacteria were cultivated mixotrophically in a continuous photobioreactor using brewery low-value subproducts as an integrative process. Beer production residues were biochemically characterized to assess the most promising options to be used as a nutrient source for microalgal cultivation. Due to its physical and chemical properties, pre-treated weak wort was used to prepare an organic complex culture medium for microalgal biotransformation. Filtration and nitrogen supplementation were necessary to improve nutrient removal and biomass productivity. Maximal removal of nitrate and phosphate obtained were 90% and 100% respectively. Depending on operation conditions, total carbohydrates depuration ranged from 50 - 80%. The initial concentration of total carbohydrates of the weak wort must be adjusted to 2 - 4g/L to maintain a stable equilibrium between microalgal and bacterial growth. The biochemical composition of produced biomass varied depending on the cultivation conditions as well as on its final use. Upon continuous mixotrophic conditions evaluated in this study, C. pyrenoidosa was composed mainly of carbohydrates and protein.
Subject(s)
Animals , Beer , Biochemical Phenomena , Biotransformation , Chlorella/growth & development , Microalgae/growth & development , Carbohydrates , Chlorella/chemistry , Biomass , Photobioreactors/microbiologyABSTRACT
Introduction: l'hypertension artérielle est un problème majeur de santé publique en Afrique subsaharienne par sa fréquence élevée et le risque cardiovasculaire qu'elle entraine. L'objectif de cette étude était d'évaluer la prévalence des facteurs de risques cliniques et biologiques de l'hypertension artérielle à Bamako (Mali).Méthodes: il s'agit d'une étude cas-témoin, stratifiée en fonction du sexe, portant sur 72 participants dont 36 hypertendus et 36 contrôles. Vingt-deux paramètres biochimiques plasmatiques ont été mesurés et analysés par des tests univariés et multivariés.Résultats: une hyperhomocystéinémie a été retrouvée chez 55,6% des femmes (p = 0,03) et 100% des hommes (p = 0,007) hypertendus. Le N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-ProBNP) était également augmenté chez 16,7% des femmes (VIP > 1 dans le modèle multivarié) et des hommes hypertendus (p = 0,00006). Un bon modèle multivarié prédictif (OPLS-DA) a uniquement été obtenu chez les femmes hypertendues, avec un Q2cum = 0,73, attestant ainsi d'un important dimorphisme sexuel associé à l'hypertension artérielle. Ce modèle impliquait huit paramètres dont la concentration plasmatique était modifiée (homocystéine, NT-ProBNP, potassium, urée, glycémie, sodium, chlore et protéines totales).Conclusion: nous avons noté une association significative entre l'hyperhomocystéinémie et l'hypertension artérielle. Par conséquent, le dosage de l'homocystéine associé à une bonne prise en charge diminuerait le risque cardiovasculaire tout en améliorant la qualité de vie des patients hypertendus
Subject(s)
Biochemical Phenomena , Hyperhomocysteinemia , Hypertension , MaliABSTRACT
Abstract Aim: Exercise elicits adaptations in several physiological systems, such as the gastrointestinal tract. We evaluated the effects of an acute strength exercise (acute-SE) on gastric satiety and its correlation with creatinine kinase (CK), lactate, and plasma cytokine levels in humans. Methods: Anthropometric parameters, body composition, muscular strength, and satiety (drink test protocol) at rest and exercise were assessed. Results: In the squat, bench press, and T-bar row exercises, we observed a significant decrease (p<0.05) in muscular strength in the second, third, and fourth sets compared with that in the first set. Compared with rest, we observed a significant increase (p<0.05) in CK and lactate levels after acute-SE. In the drink test, acute-SE significantly increased (p <0.05) the total intake, calories ingested, and a total time of ingestion. Concerning cytokines, there was a significant increase (p<0.05) after acute-SE of IL-1β and IL-6 levels at the beginning of the test and a decrease in IL-6, -10, -13, and TNF-α levels after acute-SE at the end of the test (p<0.05). There was a correlation between CK, lactate, and total intake after acute-SE (p<0.05) as well as between IL-6, 13, TNF-α, and volume ingested in the last score of the drink test after acute-SE (p<0.05). Conclusion: Acute-SE decreases satiety associated with changes in lactate, CK, and plasma cytokine levels in healthy humans.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Adult , Satiation , Biochemical Phenomena , Exercise , Cytokines/blood , Resistance Training/methods , Anthropometry/instrumentationABSTRACT
Intrathecal injection of voltage-sensitive calcium channel blocker peptide toxins exerts analgesic effect in several animal models of pain. Upon intrathecal administration, recombinant Phα1ß exerts the same analgesic effects as the those of the native toxin. However, from a clinical perspective, the intrathecal administration limits the use of anesthetic drugs in patients. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the possible antinociceptive effect of intravenous recombinant Phα1ß in rat models of neuropathic pain, as well as its side effects on motor, cardiac (heart rate and blood pressure), and biochemical parameters. Methods: Male Wistar rats and male Balb-C mice were used in this study. Giotto Biotech® synthesized the recombinant version of Phα1ß using Escherichia coli expression. In rats, neuropathic pain was induced by chronic constriction of the sciatic nerve and paclitaxel-induced acute and chronic pain. Mechanical sensitivity was evaluated using von Frey filaments. A radiotelemeter transmitter (TA11PA-C10; Data Sciences, St. Paul, MN, USA) was placed on the left carotid of mice for investigation of cardiovascular side effects. Locomotor activity data were evaluated using the open-field paradigm, and serum CKMB, TGO, TGP, LDH, lactate, creatinine, and urea levels were examined. Results: Intravenous administration of recombinant Phα1ß toxin induced analgesia for up to 4 h, with ED50 of 0.02 (0.01-0.03) mg/kg, and reached the maximal effect (Emax = 100% antinociception) at a dose of 0.2 mg/kg. No significant changes were observed in any of the evaluated motor, cardiac or biochemical parameters. Conclusion: Our data suggest that intravenous administration of recombinant Phα1ß may be feasible for drug-induced analgesia, without causing any severe side effects.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Rats , Peptides , Injections, Spinal , Recombinant Proteins , Analgesia , Biochemical Phenomena , Pharmaceutical PreparationsABSTRACT
This paper explains the elementary law of homeopathy, the Law of Similars, on the bases of thermodynamic aspects by means of the chemical thermodynamic. Le Chatelier principle was used, to explain the re-establishment of starting biochemical equilibrium compartmentalized in individual human cells of an ill person consuming the remedy, to clarify the Law of Similars. In addition, the application of the Law of mass action during the re-establishment of the initial equilibrium in an ill person when digesting the remedy exposed the law of Similars as the strongest outcome of homeopathy
Subject(s)
Humans , Biochemical Phenomena , Pharmacodynamics of Homeopathic Remedy , Homeopathy Foundation/history , Law of Similars , Homeopathy/historyABSTRACT
Este estudo teve o objetivo de comparar o perfil bioquímico sérico de machos e fêmeas da linhagem pesada de frango de corte, nas idades de quatro, 12 e 20 semanas, em uma unidade de produção industrial, no município de Uberlândia-MG. Após a pesagem das aves, foram coletadas amostras de sangue de 15 aves de cada sexo de cada faixa etária. Os soros obtidos foram avaliados em analisador automático para os seguintes parâmetros bioquímicos: proteína total, albumina, globulinas, ácido úrico, colesterol, triglicérides, gamaglutamiltransferase, aspartato aminotransferase, alanina aminotransferase, creatina quinase, fosfatase alcalina, cálcio e fósforo. Imediatamente após a coleta de cada amostra, avaliou-se a glicemia no sangue total, utilizando-se um glicosímetro. As alterações fisiológicas e metabólicas que as aves apresentaram na fase de recria refletiram na variação dos níveis bioquímicos séricos na maioria dos constituintes avaliados, os quais exibiram diferenças significativas (P<0,05), comparando-se sexo e idade.(AU)
This study aimed to compare the levels of glucose in the blood and serum´s metabolites enzymes and minerals of poultry of heavy lineage of chicken at the age of four, twelve and twenty weeks in an industrial production unit in the city of Uberlândia-MG. After weighing the birds, blood samples were collected from 15 birds of each gender in the three ages. The serum obtained was evaluated in an automatic biochemical analyzer for the following parameters: total protein, albumin, globulin, uric acid, cholesterol, triglycerides, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, creatine kinase, calcium and phosphorus. Immediately after the collection of each sample, we evaluated glucose levels by means of a glycosimeter. The physiological and metabolic changes that birds present in the rearing age reflected in the variation of serum biochemical levels in most constituents evaluated, showing significant differences (P< 0.05) comparing age and gender.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Biochemical Phenomena , Serologic Tests/veterinary , Chickens/physiology , Chickens/bloodABSTRACT
Introducción: El riñón en esponja es una malformación renal, de los túbulos colectores, que se suele asociar a nefrocalcinosis o acidosis tubular distal. La asociación con la litiasis renal se observa entre un 4-20%. Objetivo: El objetivo de nuestro trabajo fue describir factores de riesgo bioquímicos para litiasis renales, en pacientes con riñón en esponja. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo, observacional de corte, entre los años 2000 y 2017 en donde se estudiaron 37 pacientes con riñón en esponja y litiasis renal (26 mujeres y 11 hombres) de 37.3 ± 13.2 años. El diagnóstico de riñón en esponja se hizo mediante urograma excretor. Resultados: Fue observada nefrocalcinosis en el 95%. El diagnóstico bioquímico más frecuente fue la hipercalciuria idiopática que como única y asociada alteración se observó en el 59.4%. La hiperuricosuria fue el segundo diagnóstico encontrado en el 32.4% (única y asociada) seguido por la, hipocitraturia, hipomagnesuria y el pHu persistentemente ácido. En los hombres llamó la atención que un 46.2% no presentaron alteración bioquímica. Conclusiones: En conclusión se destaca la asociación relativamente frecuente de riñón en esponja y litiasis renal. La hipercalciuria idiopática fue la alteración metabólica más frecuente como causa de litogénesis, seguida por la hiperuricosuria, similar a lo descripto en la literatura, aunque en menor proporción. Otras alteraciones, como la hipocitraturia, hipomagnesuria y pHu persistentemente ácido también deben ser consideradas en el estudio de estos pacientes.
Introduction: Sponge kidney is a renal malformation of the collecting tubules, which is usually associated with nephrocalcinosis or distal tubular acidosis. The association with renal lithiasis is observed between 4-20%. Objective: The aim of our work was to describe the biochemical risk factors of renal lithiasis in patients with sponge kidney. Methods: A retrospective, observational, cross-sectional study was conducted between 2000 and 2017, in which 37 patients with sponge kidney and renal lithiasis (26 women and 11 men), aged 37.3 ± 13.2 years, were studied. The diagnosis of sponge kidney was made by excretory urography. Results: Nephrocalcinosis was observed in 95% of patients. The most frequent biochemical diagnosis was idiopathic hypercalciuria, which was observed, as a single and associated alteration, in 59.4% of cases. Hyperuricosuria was the second diagnosis found in 32.4% (single and associated) followed by hypocitraturia, hypomagnesuria and persistently acid pHu. Surprisingly, 46.2% of men presented no biochemical alteration. Conclusions: Our findings highlight the relatively frequent association of sponge kidney and renal lithiasis. Idiopathic hypercalciuria was the most common metabolic alteration as the cause of lithogenesis, followed by hyperuricosuria, similar to that described in the literature, but to a lesser extent. Other alterations, such as hypocitraturia, hypomagnesuria and persistently acid pHu, should also be considered in the study of these patients.
Subject(s)
Humans , Nephrolithiasis/complications , Nephrolithiasis/etiology , Biochemical Phenomena , Calcium Metabolism Disorders , Hypercalciuria/diagnosis , Nephrocalcinosis/diagnosisABSTRACT
The conservation of haylage (a pre-dried feed) can be challenging, since there is an increased risk of mould growth, which can contaminate this foodstuff with mycotoxins. However, when the hygienic quality is secured, haylage enhances grass palatability and provide enough supply of dry matter throughout the year. Due to the lack of information regarding its effect on blood parameters in horses fed exclusively with this foodstuff, the aim of this study is to provide information regarding its use in comparison to hay and ensure that it does not affect horses' biochemical profile. Twelve Quarter Horse broodmares were distributed into two groups, each fed with Tifton-85 (Cynodon spp.) hay or haylage for a period of 28 days, and the biochemical profile was done in five different times (T0 before the experiment started and, chronologically, seven days apart - T1, T2, T3 and T4), It was analyzed total protein (TP) and its fractioning; enzymes alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and γ-glutamyl-transferase; endogenous catabolism products urea and creatinine; and ions calcium and phosphorus. Mycotoxins in haylage were also investigated and remained below the legislation thresholds. Only TP was higher in the last sampling (T4) of the haylage group, which may be related to the foodstuff's higher protein digestibility. No differences were observed between serum enzymes, urea, creatinine and Ca/P from both experimental groups. Haylage has proven to be safe, when well prepared for horses, without causing impairing side effects, as shown by the normal serum biochemistry parameters presented in this study.(AU)
A conservação do haylage (alimento pré-seco) pode ser desafiadora, considerando o aumento do risco de crescimento de fungos, com consequente produção de micotoxinas. Entretanto, quando a qualidade da higiene e armazenamento é assegurada, o haylage aumenta a palatabilidade da forragem e fornece suplemento de matéria seca suficiente ao longo do ano. Devido à falta de informação relativa aos efeitos dessa alimentação nos parâmetros sanguíneos de equinos alimentados exclusivamente com essa dieta, o objetivo do presente estudo é avaliar o perfil bioquímico sanguíneo dos equinos após administração da haylage em comparação com feno. Doze matrizes Quarto de Milha foram distribuídas em dois grupos, cada um recebendo feno ou haylage de Tifton 85 (Cynodon spp.) por um período de 28 dias. O perfil bioquímico foi realizado em cinco tempos (T) diferentes (T0, antes do início do experimento e cronologicamente, a cada sete dias após o fornecimento das dietas - T1, T2, T3 e T4) para análise de proteína total (PT) e seu perfil fracionado, das enzimas alanina aminotransferase, aspartato aminotransferase, γ-glutamil-transferase, dos produtos de catabolismo creatinina e ureia e, dos íons cálcio e fósforo. Micotoxinas no haylage foram investigadas e mantiveram-se abaixo dos limites determinados pela legislação brasileira. O perfil bioquímico revelou, somente, elevação da PT em T4 no grupo que recebeu haylage, o que pode estar relacionado à sua maior digestibilidade proteica. Nenhuma diferença foi observada nos outros parâmetros estudados em ambos os grupos experimentais. Conclui-se que Haylage é comprovadamente seguro, quando bem preparado para equinos, sem causar efeitos na saúde geral, conforme demonstrado pelos exames bioquímicos no presente estudo.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Biochemical Phenomena , Cynodon/growth & development , Horses/physiology , Animal Feed/analysisABSTRACT
Abstract The coagulation of milk by a serin protease from Aspergillus niger NRRL3 was studied by rheology. Cheddar-type cheese was manufactured using 3.5% (v/v) of fungal enzymatic extract and fermentation-produced chymosin was used as control coagulant. Full composition and ripening of both kinds of Cheddar cheese were studied. Differences in the proteolysis of caseins, not only during cheese manufacture but also during ripening, affected cheese composition, texture and peptide profile. Microbial development during ripening was not affected by the coagulant used.