Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 20 de 6.973
Filter
1.
Respirar (Ciudad Autón. B. Aires) ; 16(3): 235-244, Septiembre 2024.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, UNISALUD, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1570571

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Sólo Oga et al. (AJRCCM 2003) relacionaron supervivencia y capacidad aeróbica en pacientes EPOC, pero en hombres y seguimiento a 5 años. Objetivos: Evaluar la supervivencia de una cohorte de pacientes EPOC grave según el consumo de oxígeno pico (VO2p) ajustado al peso. Material y Métodos: Se evaluó la supervivencia a largo plazo desde el diagnóstico de pacientes con EPOC (GOLD). Se midió el VO2p ajustado por peso en prueba cicloergo- métrica máxima (gases espirados). Se usaron técnicas estadísticas convencionales y análisis de supervivencia de LogRank (Mantel-Cox). Resultados: 70 pacientes (27% femenino); edad 68 años (RIQ 63-73); %FEV1 postBD: 39,95±2,09; VO2p: 9,25 ± 3,17 ml/kg/min. GOLD D/B/A 84,3/14,2/1,5%; GOLD II/III/IV: 15,7/61,4/22,9%. A 14 años de seguimiento, 75% había fallecido. Supervivencia: primer cuartilo de VO2p (ml/kg/min) fue 38,5 meses (RIQ 18,25-58,5) y para el cuarto cuartilo 68 meses (RIQ 48-93). A 103 meses, la diferencia en supervivencia fue: primer cuartilo vs. cuarto cuartilo de VO2p (p<0,01) y segundo vs. cuarto cuartilo (p<0,03); a 145 meses entre segundo vs. cuarto cuartilo (p=0,049). En el análisis multivariado, el VO2p alto es un factor protector sobre la mortalidad. En cambio, otras variables independientes como sexo masculino, edad >70, grado de obstrucción bronquial severo y fenotipo exacerbador frecuente se asociaron a mortalidad. Conclusión: A largo plazo, en una cohorte de pacientes hombres y mujeres EPOC grave, en análisis multivariado, el VO2p alto es factor protector sobre la mortalidad. En cambio, otras variables independientes como sexo masculino, edad >70, grado de obstrucción bronquial severo y exacerbador frecuente se asociaron a mortalidad.


Introduction: Only Oga et al. (AJRCCM 2003) related survival and aerobic capacity, but only in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) men with 5 years of follow-up. Objective: To determine survival in a cohort of patients with severe COPD due to aerobic capacity (VO2max) adjusted by weight. Methods: Survival of COPD patients was evaluated to long-term (GOLD definition). Patients performed maximal exercise test in cicloergometry (expired gases) evaluating (VO2max). Conventional statistics and Log-Rank survival analysis (Mantel-Cox) were used. Results: We included 70 patients (27% female) followed up 60.77 months (RIQ 29- 87.85); age 68 years (RIQ 63-73); %FEV1 postBD: 39.95±2.09; VO2p: 9.25± 3.17 ml/kg/ min. GOLD D/B/A 84.3/14.2/1.5%; GOLD II/III/IV: 15.7/61.4/22.9%. After 14 years of follow-up, 75% of patients died. Survival: VO2p (ml/kg/min) first quartil was 38.5 months (RIQ 18,25-58,5); second quartil 66 months (RIQ 35-84.5); third quartil 70 months (RIQ 15-96) and fourth quartil 68 months (RIQ 48-93). After 103 months of follow-up, survival was compared: 1st vs 4rd quartil of VO2p (p<0.01) and 2nd vs. 4rd quartil (p<0.03); comparing at 145 months: 2nd vs. 4rd quartil (p=0.049). In a multivariate analysis, high VO2p is a protective factor on mortality, nevertheless other independent variables as male gender, age >70, severe airway obstruction and frequent exacerbators were associated to mortality. Conclusion: At long term of follow-up, a cohort of severe COPD patients (males and fe- males), in multivariate analysis, high VO2p is a protective factor of mortality, nevertheless other independent variables as male gender, age >70, severe airway obstruction and frequent exacerbators were associated to mortality.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Oxygen Consumption , Body Weight , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/mortality , Survivorship , Spirometry , Tobacco Use Disorder , Exercise , Comorbidity , Tidal Volume , Cohort Studies , Dyspnea , Exercise Test/methods , Walk Test/methods
2.
Int. j. morphol ; 42(3): 663-672, jun. 2024. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1564620

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY: Etoposide is an effective antimitotic and antineoplastic agent used to treat various human malignancies. In the present study, Etoposide was injected intraperitoneally into the rats at 1 mg/kg/day for 52 days (52 doses). The control animals received physiological saline (0.5 ml) intraperitoneally daily for 52 doses. The body weight of etoposide-treated rats was significantly reduced compared to control rats. Lipid peroxidation demonstrated an insignificant rise in hepatic tissue, a non-significant decline in renal tissue, and a significant reduction in cardiac tissue. The levels of GSH in hepatic and renal tissue were found to be non-significantly increased but significantly increased in cardiac tissue compared to controls. GR activity was found to be considerably decreased in the treated group. G-S-T levels increased significantly in all treated group. Etoposide injections caused a non-significant change in the GPX level of hepatic tissue, whereas renal and cardiac tissues showed a significant increase. The activity of CAT in hepatic tissue was significantly increased, while CAT activity in renal tissue showed a non-significant decrease, whereas in cardiac tissue, significantly lower levels were observed than in control group. The level of CYTp450 in hepatic and cardiac tissues showed a significant increase; however, renal tissue showed non-significant depletion, whereas CYTb5 in hepatic, renal, and cardiac tissues was significantly lower than controls. The protein content in the hepatic tissue was not significantly increased, whereas the total protein in the renal and cardiac tissues was increased significantly. The research finding is indicative of detoxification activity in the etoposide model.


El etopósido es un agente antimitótico y antineoplásico eficaz que se utiliza para tratar diversas neoplasias malignas humanas. En el presente estudio, se inyectó etopósido por vía intraperitoneal a las ratas a razón de 1 mg/kg/día durante 52 días (52 dosis). Los animales control recibieron solución salina fisiológica (0,5 ml) por vía intraperitoneal diariamente por 52 dosis. El peso corporal de las ratas tratadas con etopósido se redujo significativamente en comparación con las ratas del grupo control. La peroxidación lipídica demostró un aumento insignificante del tejido hepático, una disminución no significativa del tejido renal y una reducción significativa del tejido cardíaco. Se encontró que los niveles de GSH en el tejido hepático y renal no aumentaron significativamente, pero sí aumentaron significativamente en el tejido cardíaco en comparación con los controles. Se encontró que la actividad de GR disminuyó considerablemente en el grupo tratado. Los niveles de G-S-T aumentaron significativamente en todos los grupos tratados. Las inyecciones de etopósido provocaron un cambio no significativo en el nivel de GPX del tejido hepático, mientras que los tejidos renal y cardíaco mostraron un aumento significativo. La actividad de CAT en el tejido hepático aumentó significativamente, mientras que la actividad de CAT en el tejido renal mostró una disminución no significativa, mientras que en el tejido cardíaco se observaron niveles significativamente más bajos que en el grupo de control. El nivel de CYTp450 en los tejidos hepático y cardíaco mostró un aumento significativo; sin embargo, el tejido renal mostró un agotamiento no significativo, mientras que CYTb5 en los tejidos hepático, renal y cardíaco fue significativamente menor que los controles. El contenido de proteínas en el tejido hepático no aumentó significativamente, mientras que la proteína total en los tejidos renal y cardíaco aumentó significativamente. El hallazgo de la investigación es indicativo de la actividad de desintoxicación en el modelo de etopósido.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Etoposide/administration & dosage , Heart/drug effects , Kidney/drug effects , Liver/drug effects , Antioxidants/administration & dosage , Organ Size/drug effects , Body Weight/drug effects , Lipid Peroxidation , Cytochromes b5/analysis , Rats, Wistar , Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/analysis , Etoposide/pharmacology , Kidney/ultrastructure , Liver/ultrastructure , Microscopy , Myocardium/ultrastructure , Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic , Antioxidants/pharmacology
3.
Int. j. morphol ; 42(2): 324-331, abr. 2024. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1558124

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY: This article has two aims: (a) first aim was to determine what is the most applicable and the simplest alternative for recommended BMI categories for underweight, overweight and obesity related to IOTF references, from the practical standpoint; (b) second aim was to determine the prevalence of the nutritional status in Montenegro on this representative sample of school children aged 9-13 years and compare them with peers from relevant and similar studies from both the local region and globally. A total sample of 1478 healthy children from Montenegro participated in this study divided into two sub-samples of 732 girls and 746 boys. According to the IOTF body mass index (BMI) reference values were used through ROC curve analysis to evaluate potential alternatives for estimation of the nutritional status of this sample of children. Only WHtR did not show significant age-related differences in the case of both genders. Considering the nutritional status of children from this study it has been found that boys have a considerably higher prevalence of being overweight (22.7 % vs. 16.4 %) and obese (7.5 % vs. 3.3 %) compared to girls. On the other hand, girls were more prevalent to be underweight (10.5 % vs. 7.5 %). WHtR seems like the best alternative for the estimation of obesity and being overweight due to simplicity and the equipment needed.


Este artículo tiene dos objetivos: (a) el primero fue determinar cuál es la alternativa más aplicable y más sencilla para las categorías de IMC recomendadas para bajo peso, sobrepeso y obesidad relacionadas con las referencias de la IOTF, desde el punto de vista práctico; (b) el segundo objetivo fue determinar la prevalencia del estado nutricional en Montenegro en esta muestra representativa de escolares de 9 a 13 años y compararlos con pares de estudios relevantes y similares tanto de la región local como a nivel mundial. En el estudio participaron 1478 niños sanos de Montenegro divididos en dos submuestras de 732 niñas y 746 niños. De acuerdo con el índice de masa corporal (IMC) de la IOTF, se utilizaron valores de referencia mediante análisis de curvas ROC para evaluar posibles alternativas para la estimación del estado nutricional de esta muestra en niños. Sólo el ICT no mostró diferencias significativas relacionadas con la edad en el caso de ambos sexos. Teniendo en consideración el estado nutricional de los niños, se determinó que los éstos tenían una prevalencia considerablemente mayor de sobrepeso (22,7 % frente a 16,4 %) y obesidad (7,5 % frente a 3,3 %) en comparación con las niñas. Por otro lado, las niñas tenían más prevalencia de bajo peso (10,5 % frente a 7,5 %). El WHtR parece la mejor alternativa para la estimación de la obesidad y el sobrepeso por su sencillez y equipamiento necesario.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Students , Body Composition , Nutritional Status , Skinfold Thickness , Body Weight , Montenegro , Waist-Height Ratio
4.
Int. j. morphol ; 42(1): 93-97, feb. 2024. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1528840

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY: Height and body weight measurements are among the most important anthropometric variables when assessing a population's growth, development and body composition. This study aimed to evaluate the height and body weight variability of male entities aged 17-18 years within 35 years. This goal was realized by comparing the height and body weight of the population of the same gender and age in three different time studies. The descriptive statistical parameters and T-test for independent groups show systematic and significant differences in measured variables between three measurements in different timelines. Both in body height and body weight, from measurement to measurement, significant systematic and statistically significant differences (p<0.01) have been identified (1985: BH= 172.8cm, BW= 61.7kg; 2004: BH=176.8 cm, BW=66.9 kg; 2019: BH=178.5 cm, BW=72 kg). The results of this study prove that the change in the socio-economic status of a population over a period time of 35 years can significantly affect the growth and development of children/adolescents.


Las medidas de altura y peso corporal se encuentran entre las variables antropométricas más importantes a la hora de evaluar el crecimiento, el desarrollo y la composición corporal de una población. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la variabilidad de la altura y el peso corporal de entidades masculinas de 17 a 18 años dentro de 35 años. Este objetivo se logró comparando la altura y el peso corporal de la población del mismo sexo y edad en tres estudios temporales diferentes. Los parámetros estadísticos descriptivos y la prueba T para grupos independientes muestran diferencias sistemáticas y significativas en las variables medidas entre tres mediciones en diferentes líneas de tiempo. Tanto en la altura como en el peso corporal, de medición en medición, se han identificado diferencias significativas sistemáticas y estadísticamente significativas (p<0,01) (1985: BH= 172,8 cm, BW= 61,7 kg; 2004: BH=176,8 cm, BW=66,9 kg; 2019: BH=178,5 cm, BW=72 kg). Los resultados de este estudio demuestran que el cambio en el estatus socioeconómico de una población durante un período de 35 años puede afectar significativamente el crecimiento y desarrollo de niños/ adolescentes.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Body Height , Body Weight , Anthropometry , Socioeconomic Factors , Time Factors , Cross-Sectional Studies , Kosovo , Social Status
5.
Bol. latinoam. Caribe plantas med. aromát ; 23(1): 111-121, ene. 2024. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1554149

ABSTRACT

Anxiety and depression cause alterations in the physiology of an organism. Extracts from the leaves of several Passiflora species are traditionally use d Peru and in many countries as anxiolytic and in treatment for inflammatory problems. T his study aimed to determine the neuropharmacological effect of the ethanolic extract of Passiflora tripartita var. mollissima (Kunth) Holm - Niels. & P. Jørg. and its an xiolytic effect on mouse ( Mus musculus var. albinus ). A nxiety was evaluated with the marble burying test and the depressant effect with the Irwin test (locomotor activity, base of support, wobbly gait, immobility, escape, ease of handling, muscular strengt h, tight rope, inclined plane, catatonia, nociceptive reflex and death). Doses of 100 mg/Kg/body weight and 200 mg/kg/body weight by intraperitoneal route (i.p.) significantly decreased anxiety levels (p<0.05) in mice, and had a non - significant depressant effect in 11 of the 12 tests, showing a similar direction of correlation between diazepam and Passiflora extract effect. A greater anxiolytic and anti - depressant effects in mice was observed with the extract dose of 200 mg/kg/body weight with neuropharmaco logical manifestations found where no death was observed at any dose used.


L a ansiedad y la depresión provocan alteraciones fisiológicas. Las especies de Pa ssiflora se utilizan tradicionalmente en Perú como ansiolíticos y para tratar problemas inflamatorios. D eterminar el efecto neurofarmacológico del extracto etanólico de Passiflora tripartita var. mollissima (Kunth) Holm - Niels. & P. Jørg. y su efecto ansiol ítico en ratones. S e evaluó la ansiedad con el test de enterramiento de canicas y el efecto depresor con el test de Irwin . Las dosis de 100 mg/kg/peso corporal y 200 mg/kg/peso corporal por vía intraperitoneal (i.p.) disminuyeron significativamente la ansi edad ( p <0,05) con efecto depresor no significativo en 11 de las 12 pruebas, mostrando una correlación similar entre el diazepam aplicado a dosis de 1 mg/Kg/p.c. (i.p) y el efecto de Passiflora . S e observó un mayor efecto ansiolítico y antidepresivo en rato nes con 200 mg/kg/peso corporal encontrándose manifestaciones neurofarmacológicas pero no se observó muerte a ninguna de las dosis empleadas.


Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Anxiety/drug therapy , Anti-Anxiety Agents/administration & dosage , Plant Extracts/administration & dosage , Passiflora/chemistry , Depression/drug therapy , Body Weight , Diazepam/administration & dosage , Ethanol
6.
Zhonghua zhong liu za zhi ; (12): 76-85, 2024.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1045842

ABSTRACT

Objectives: To explore the antitumor effects of redox-responsive nanoparticles containing platinum(Ⅳ)-NP@Pt(Ⅳ) in ovarian cancer. Methods: Redox-responsive polymer carriers were synthesized. Polymer carriers and platinum(Ⅳ)-Pt(Ⅳ) can self-assemble into NP@Pt(Ⅳ). Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was performed to detect the platinum release from NP@Pt(Ⅳ) in reducing environment and the platinum content in ovarian cancer cells ES2 treated with cisplatin, Pt(Ⅳ) and NP@Pt(Ⅳ). The proliferation ability of the ovarian cancer cells were detected by 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Cellular apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry. Collection of primary ovarian cancer tissues from patients with primary high-grade serous ovarian cancer who were surgically treated at the Cancer Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from October to December 2022. The high-grade serous ovarian cancer patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mice were intravenously injected with Cy7.5 labeled NP@Pt(Ⅳ) followed by in vivo imaging system. Mice were treated with PBS, cisplatin and NP@Pt(Ⅳ). Tumor volume and weight were measured in each group. Necrosis, apoptosis and cell proliferation of tumor tissues were detected by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, TUNEL fluorescence staining and Ki-67 immunohistochemistry staining. Body weight and HE staining of heart, liver, spleen, lung and kidney of mice in each group were measured. Results: The platinum release of NP@Pt(Ⅳ) after 48 hours in reducing environment was 76.29%, which was significantly higher than that of 26.82% in non-reducing environment (P<0.001). The platinum content in ES2 cells after 4 hours and 7 hours of treatment with NP@Pt(Ⅳ) (308.59, 553.15 ng/million cells) were significantly higher than those of Pt(Ⅳ) (100.21, 180.31 ng/million cells) and cisplatin (43.36, 50.36 ng/million cells, P<0.05). The half inhibitory concentrations of NP@Pt(Ⅳ) in ovarian cancer cells ES2, A2780, A2780DDP were 1.39, 1.42 and 4.62 μmol/L, respectively, which were lower than those of Pt(IV) (2.89, 7.27, and 16.74 μmol/L) and cisplatin (5.21, 11.85, and 71.98 μmol/L). The apoptosis rate of ES2 cells treated with NP@Pt(Ⅳ) was (33.91±3.80)%, which was significantly higher than that of Pt(Ⅳ) [(16.28±2.41)%] and cisplatin [(15.01±1.17)%, P<0.05]. In high-grade serous ovarian cancer PDX model, targeted accumulation of Cy7.5 labeled NP@Pt(Ⅳ) at tumor tissue could be observed. After the treatment, the tumor volume of mice in NP@Pt(IV) group was (130±98) mm3, which was significantly lower than those in control group [(1 349±161) mm3, P<0.001] and cisplatin group [(715±293) mm3, P=0.026]. The tumor weight of mice in NP@Pt(IV) group was (0.17±0.09)g, which was significantly lower than those in control group [(1.55±0.11)g, P<0.001] and cisplatin group [(0.82±0.38)g, P=0.029]. The areas of tumor necrosis and apoptosis in mice treated with NP@Pt(Ⅳ) were higher than those in mice treated with cisplatin. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that there were low expressions of Ki-67 at tumor tissues of mice treated with NP@Pt(Ⅳ) compared with cisplatin. The change in body weight of mice in NP@Pt(Ⅳ) group was not significantly different from that of the control group [(18.56±2.04)g vs.(20.87±0.79)g, P=0.063]. Moreover, the major organs of the heart, liver, spleen, lung, and kidney were also normal by HE staining. Conclusion: Redox-responsive NP@Pt(Ⅳ), produced in this study can enhance the accumulation of cisplatin in ovarian cancer cells and improve the efficacy of ovarian cancer chemotherapy.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Animals , Mice , Ovarian Neoplasms/drug therapy , Platinum , Cisplatin/pharmacology , Cell Line, Tumor , Ki-67 Antigen , Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial , Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous , Disease Models, Animal , Eosine Yellowish-(YS) , Necrosis , Polymers , Body Weight
7.
Zhonghua zhong liu za zhi ; (12): 76-85, 2024.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1046165

ABSTRACT

Objectives: To explore the antitumor effects of redox-responsive nanoparticles containing platinum(Ⅳ)-NP@Pt(Ⅳ) in ovarian cancer. Methods: Redox-responsive polymer carriers were synthesized. Polymer carriers and platinum(Ⅳ)-Pt(Ⅳ) can self-assemble into NP@Pt(Ⅳ). Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was performed to detect the platinum release from NP@Pt(Ⅳ) in reducing environment and the platinum content in ovarian cancer cells ES2 treated with cisplatin, Pt(Ⅳ) and NP@Pt(Ⅳ). The proliferation ability of the ovarian cancer cells were detected by 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Cellular apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry. Collection of primary ovarian cancer tissues from patients with primary high-grade serous ovarian cancer who were surgically treated at the Cancer Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from October to December 2022. The high-grade serous ovarian cancer patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mice were intravenously injected with Cy7.5 labeled NP@Pt(Ⅳ) followed by in vivo imaging system. Mice were treated with PBS, cisplatin and NP@Pt(Ⅳ). Tumor volume and weight were measured in each group. Necrosis, apoptosis and cell proliferation of tumor tissues were detected by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, TUNEL fluorescence staining and Ki-67 immunohistochemistry staining. Body weight and HE staining of heart, liver, spleen, lung and kidney of mice in each group were measured. Results: The platinum release of NP@Pt(Ⅳ) after 48 hours in reducing environment was 76.29%, which was significantly higher than that of 26.82% in non-reducing environment (P<0.001). The platinum content in ES2 cells after 4 hours and 7 hours of treatment with NP@Pt(Ⅳ) (308.59, 553.15 ng/million cells) were significantly higher than those of Pt(Ⅳ) (100.21, 180.31 ng/million cells) and cisplatin (43.36, 50.36 ng/million cells, P<0.05). The half inhibitory concentrations of NP@Pt(Ⅳ) in ovarian cancer cells ES2, A2780, A2780DDP were 1.39, 1.42 and 4.62 μmol/L, respectively, which were lower than those of Pt(IV) (2.89, 7.27, and 16.74 μmol/L) and cisplatin (5.21, 11.85, and 71.98 μmol/L). The apoptosis rate of ES2 cells treated with NP@Pt(Ⅳ) was (33.91±3.80)%, which was significantly higher than that of Pt(Ⅳ) [(16.28±2.41)%] and cisplatin [(15.01±1.17)%, P<0.05]. In high-grade serous ovarian cancer PDX model, targeted accumulation of Cy7.5 labeled NP@Pt(Ⅳ) at tumor tissue could be observed. After the treatment, the tumor volume of mice in NP@Pt(IV) group was (130±98) mm3, which was significantly lower than those in control group [(1 349±161) mm3, P<0.001] and cisplatin group [(715±293) mm3, P=0.026]. The tumor weight of mice in NP@Pt(IV) group was (0.17±0.09)g, which was significantly lower than those in control group [(1.55±0.11)g, P<0.001] and cisplatin group [(0.82±0.38)g, P=0.029]. The areas of tumor necrosis and apoptosis in mice treated with NP@Pt(Ⅳ) were higher than those in mice treated with cisplatin. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that there were low expressions of Ki-67 at tumor tissues of mice treated with NP@Pt(Ⅳ) compared with cisplatin. The change in body weight of mice in NP@Pt(Ⅳ) group was not significantly different from that of the control group [(18.56±2.04)g vs.(20.87±0.79)g, P=0.063]. Moreover, the major organs of the heart, liver, spleen, lung, and kidney were also normal by HE staining. Conclusion: Redox-responsive NP@Pt(Ⅳ), produced in this study can enhance the accumulation of cisplatin in ovarian cancer cells and improve the efficacy of ovarian cancer chemotherapy.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Animals , Mice , Ovarian Neoplasms/drug therapy , Platinum , Cisplatin/pharmacology , Cell Line, Tumor , Ki-67 Antigen , Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial , Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous , Disease Models, Animal , Eosine Yellowish-(YS) , Necrosis , Polymers , Body Weight
8.
Demetra (Rio J.) ; 19: 76446, 2024. tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1552788

ABSTRACT

Introdução: A pandemia da Covid-19 trouxe consequências diversas para a saúde mental e física das pessoas. O contexto de isolamento social potencializou problemas relacionados à imagem corporal, principalmente em pessoas com transtornos alimentares. Objetivo: Analisar as repercussões da Covid-19 em variáveis antropométricas em relação a percepção de peso e satisfação corporal, comparando mulheres com transtornos alimentares e aquelas sem essa condição. Métodos: Estudo observacional, descritivo, comparativo e transversal. Mulheres com transtornos alimentares em tratamento (GTA) foram recrutadas de cinco serviços nas regiões Sul e Sudeste. A contrapartida, o grupo controle (GCO) foi composto por mulheres sem TA, recrutadas on-line e com o escore negativo no teste EAT-26. Questionários on-line foram aplicados entre junho de 2020 e janeiro de 2021. Análises estatísticas incluíram Qui-quadrado de Pearson ou Exato de Fisher e regressões logísticas pelo SPSS 23.0. Resultados: Participaram 174 mulheres jovens (31,94±9,35 anos), com formação superior (71,3%) e companheiro (61,5%), que estavam em isolamento social. O GTA foi composto por 58 mulheres e GCO, 116. A maioria (55,2%) do GTA notou aumento do peso corporal, enquanto se mostrou pouco satisfeita com a imagem corporal (81%), resultado diferente estatisticamente do GCO. A associação entre mulheres com TA e pouca satisfação corporal foi significativa (p=0,0010). Aquelas em isolamento social e com sobrepeso ou obesidade tiveram maior probabilidade de percepção de aumento de peso. Conclusão: A pandemia da Covid-19 intensificou a insatisfação corporal, principalmente entre mulheres com transtornos alimentares. Aquelas em isolamento com sobrepeso ou obesidade perceberam mais aumento de peso, apontando a necessidade de estratégias de intervenção para esses grupos.


Introduction: The Covid-19 pandemic led to various consequences for people's mental and physical health. The context of social isolation exacerbated problems related to body image, especially in individuals with eating disorders. Objective: To analyze the repercussions of Covid-19 on anthropometric variables regarding weight perception and body satisfaction, comparing women with eating disorders to those without this condition. Methods: Observational, descriptive, comparative, and cross-sectional study. Women with eating disorders in treatment (EDG) were recruited from five services in the South and Southeast regions of Brazil. The counterpart, the control group (CG), consisted of women without eating disorders recruited online and with a negative score on the EAT-26 test. Online questionnaires were applied between June 2020 and January 2021. Statistical analyses included Pearson's Chi-square or Fisher's Exact test and logistic regressions, performed using the SPSS 23.0 program. Results: Participants were 174 young women (31.94±9.35 years of age), with higher education (71.3%) and with a partner (61.5%), who were in social isolation. The EDG consisted of 58 women, with116 in the CG. The majority (55.2%) of the EDG noticed an increase in body weight while being dissatisfied with body image (81.0%), a statistically different result from the CG. The association between women with eating disorders and low body satisfaction was significant (p=.0010). Those in social isolation and overweight or obese were more likely to perceive weight gain. Conclusion: The Covid-19 pandemic intensified body dissatisfaction, especially among women with eating disorders. Those in isolation who were overweight or obese perceived more weight gain, indicating the need for intervention strategies for these groups.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Social Isolation , Body Image , Body Weight , Feeding and Eating Disorders , Body Dissatisfaction , COVID-19 , Personal Satisfaction , Brazil , Overweight , Obesity
9.
Rev. venez. cir ; 77(1): 57-61, 2024. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, LIVECS | ID: biblio-1579913

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Establecer la morbimortalidad postoperatoria de la gastrectomía vertical laparoscópica y el bypass gástrico laparoscópico en Y de Roux. Método: estudio retrospectivo, descriptivo, longitudinal. La muestra estuvo conformada por pacientes sometidos a gastrectomía vertical laparoscópica y bypass gástrico laparoscópico en la unidad de Cirugía Bariátrica del Hospital Universitario de Caracas, Venezuela, con seguimiento posterior de los mismos por parte de esta unidad. Resultados: La muestra estuvo conformada por 153 pacientes, de los cuales el 85,6 % (131) fueron sometidos a bypass gástrico laparoscópico y 14,4 % (22) a gastrectomía vertical laparoscópica. El 17,6 % eran del sexo masculino, 82,4 % del sexo femenino; el peso, talla, índice de masa corporal (IMC) y tiempo quirúrgico promedios fueron 126,9 kg, 1,6 m, 47,1 kg/m2 y 131,7 minutos, para bypass gástrico respectivamente, al comparar con el grupo de pacientes sometidos a gastrectomía vertical laparoscópica se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en peso e IMC (p<0,001). La comorbilidad más frecuente fue la hipertensión arterial (29,4 %), seguida de la resistencia a la insulina (27,5 %). No se encontraron complicaciones médicas en la serie de pacientes estudiados. Dos pacientes con bypass gástrico tuvieron fuga de la gastroyeyunoanastomosis, sin diferencia estadísticamente significativa (p = 0,83). No hubo mortalidad postoperatoria en ningún grupo. Conclusión: El bypass gástrico y la gastrectomía en manga son procedimientos seguros, siendo la gastrectomía vertical laparoscópica el procedimiento con menor tendencia a presentar complicaciones postoperatorias(AU)


Objective: To establish the postoperative morbidity and mortality of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy and laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Method: retrospective, descriptive, longitudinal study. The sample was made up of patients undergoing laparoscopic vertical gastrectomy and laparoscopic gastric bypass in the Bariatric Surgery unit of the University Hospital of Caracas, Venezuela, with subsequent follow-up by this unit. Results: The sample consisted of 153 patients, of which 85.6% (131) underwent laparoscopic gastric bypass and 14.4% (22) underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. 17.6% were male, 82.4% were female; The average weight, height, body mass index (BMI) and surgical time were 126.9 kg, 1.6 m, 47.1 kg/m2 and 131.7 minutes, for gastric bypass, respectively, when compared with the group of patients undergoing laparoscopic vertical gastrectomy, statistically significant differences were found in weight and BMI (p<0.001). The most common comorbidity was high blood pressure (29.4%), followed by insulin resistance (27.5%). No medical complications were found in the series of patients studied. Two patients with gastric bypass had gastrojejunostomy leak, without a statistically significant difference (p = 0.83). There was no postoperative mortality in any group. Conclusion: Gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy are safe procedures, with laparoscopic vertical gastrectomy being the procedure with the least tendency to present postoperative complications(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Gastric Bypass , Indicators of Morbidity and Mortality , Laparoscopy , Bariatric Surgery , Gastrectomy , Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage , Body Weight , Insulin Resistance , Weight Loss , Comorbidity , Hypertension , Obesity
10.
Rev. Nutr. (Online) ; 37: e220069, 2024. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1559144

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: Oxidative stress is triggered by malnutrition and antioxidant losses due to dialysis in hemodialysis patients and thus, oxidative stress increases the risk of mortality in patients with cardiovascular disease and obesity. The study aims to determine differences in cardiovascular risk scores and obesity indices between hemodialysis and control groups and to examine the relationship between the tertiles of dietary total antioxidant capacity with cardiovascular risk, and obesity in hemodialysis and control groups. Methods: This is a cross-sectional case-control study involving hemodialysis patients (n=46) and healthy individuals (n=46). Participants' general characteristics were obtained via a questionnaire, and the Framingham Risk Score was calculated. The dietary total antioxidant capacity was calculated using two methods based on a seven-day food record. Obesity indices, such as Basal Metabolism Index and Body Shape Index, were calculated using anthropometric measurements. Results: The mean age of the participants was 51.1±10.4 years. In the hemodialysis group, obesity indices including body weight, Basal Metabolism Index, waist circumference, fat mass index, and fat-free mass index were lower, while Framingham Risk Score values ​​were higher than the control group (p<0.05). Energy-adjusted dietary total antioksidant capacity values were lower ​​in hemodialysis group, and most patients were in the low tertiles of Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity, total radical-trapping antioxidant parameter, ferric reducing-antioxidant power and vitamin C equivalent antioxidant capacity (p<0.05). Conclusion: Providing hemodialysis patients with a healthy diet can increase the dietary total antioxidant capacity, and potentially reduce cardiovascular risk, and obesity indices.


RESUMO Objetivo: O estresse oxidativo é desencadeado pela desnutrição e perdas de antioxidantes devido à diálise em pacientes em hemodiálise, portanto, o estresse oxidativo aumenta o risco de mortalidade em pacientes com doenças cardiovasculares e obesidade. O estudo visa determinar as diferenças nos escores de risco cardiovascular e índices de obesidade entre os grupos de hemodiálise e controle, bem como examinar a relação entre os tercis da capacidade antioxidante total da dieta e o risco cardiovascular e obesidade nos grupos de hemodiálise e controle. Métodos: Este é um estudo transversal de caso-controle envolvendo pacientes em hemodiálise (n=46) e indivíduos saudáveis (n=46). As características gerais dos participantes foram obtidas por meio de um questionário, e o Escore de Risco de Framingham foi calculado. A capacidade antioxidante total da dieta foi calculada utilizando dois métodos baseados em um registro alimentar de sete dias. Índices de obesidade como o Índice de Metabolismo Basal e o Índice de Forma Corporal, foram calculados por meio de medidas antropométricas. Resultados: A média de idade dos participantes foi de 51.1±10.4 anos. No grupo de hemodiálise, os índices de obesidade, incluindo peso corporal, Índice de Metabolismo Basal, circunferência da cintura, índice de massa gorda e índice de massa livre de gordura, foram menores, enquanto os valores do Escore de Risco de Framingham foram maiores do que no grupo controle (p<0.05). Os valores de dTAC ajustados pela energia foram menores no grupo de foram hemodiálise, e a maioria dos pacientes estava nos tercis mais baixos de Capacidade antioxidante equivalente ao Trolox, parâmetro antioxidante total de captura de radicais, poder antioxidante redutor férrico e capacidade antioxidante equivalente à vitamina C (p <0.05). Conclusão: Fornecer aos pacientes em hemodiálise uma dieta saudável pode aumentar a capacidade antioxidante total da dieta, reduzindo potencialmente o risco cardiovascular e os índices de obesidade.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Renal Dialysis/adverse effects , Oxidative Stress , Heart Disease Risk Factors , Antioxidants/therapeutic use , Patients/statistics & numerical data , Body Weight , Body Mass Index , Malnutrition , Waist Circumference , Obesity
11.
Rev. chil. endocrinol. diabetes ; 17(1): 6-12, 2024. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1525692

ABSTRACT

La enfermedad de hígado graso no alcohólico (EHGNA) abarca desde una acumulación simple de lípidos neutros, triacilglicéridos (TAG) y colesterol en más del 5% de los hepatocitos, hasta una forma más avanzada llamada esteatohepatitis no alcohólica (EHNA), la que incluye inflamación lobular, balonamiento hepático y, en algunos casos, se asocia con fibrosis hepática. La creciente prevalencia de la EHGNA asociada a la dieta, especialmente aquellas ricas en grasas y carbohidratos, como la fructosa, ha orientado el enfoque de esta investigación. Nuestro objetivo fue analizar cómo la suplementación de fructosa, junto a una dieta alta en grasas, contribuye a la progresión desde EHGNA a EHNA, evaluando su efecto en marcadores lipogénicos y fibróticos. Ratones macho de la cepa C57BL/6 (n=9) fueron alimentados con dieta alta en grasa (DAG) (n=5) o dieta alta en grasa más fructosa (DAG+F) (n=4) durante 17 semanas. Se evaluaron parámetros generales (peso corporal, de tejido adiposo y hepático), niveles de glicemia e insulinemia, HOMA, histología hepática y adiposa; niveles de expresión de marcadores inflamatorios (TNF-α e IL-1b), lipogénicos (SREBP-1c, FAS) y fibrogénicos (TGF-ß, α-SMA). La suplementación con fructosa no generó diferencias respecto al peso corporal, peso del hígado o del tejido adiposo, ni sobre la glicemia basal y el HOMA-IR en comparación con la DAG, pero incrementó los niveles de insulina. Además, indujo esteatosis macrovesicular, junto con un incremento en el balonamiento celular, inflamación lobulillar y fibrosis. Concluimos que la suplementación de fructosa junto con la DAG indujo un estado pre-fibrótico, caracterizado por el incremento de α-SMA y de marcadores lipogénicos.


Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) ranges from a simple accumulation of neutral lipids, triacylglycerides (TAG) and cholesterol in more than 5% of hepatocytes, to a more advanced form called non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which includes lobular inflammation, hepatic ballooning and, in some cases, is associated with hepatic fibrosis. The increasing prevalence of NASH associated with diet, especially those rich in fats and carbohydrates, such as fructose, has guided the focus of this research. Our aim was to analyze how fructose supplementation, together with a high-fat diet, contributes to the progression from NAFLD to NASH, evaluating its effect on lipogenic and fibrotic markers. Male C57BL/6 strain mice (n=9) were fed high-fat diet (HFD) (n=5) or high-fat diet plus fructose (HFD+F) (n=4) for 17 weeks. General parameters (body, adipose and liver tissue weight), glycemia and insulinemia levels, HOMA, liver and adipose histology; expression levels of inflammatory (TNF-α and IL-1b), lipogenic (SREBP-1c, FAS) and fibrogenic (TGF-ß, α-SMA) markers were evaluated. Fructose supplementation did not generate differences with respect to body weight, liver or adipose tissue weight, nor on basal glycemia and HOMA-IR compared to DAG, but increased insulin levels. In addition, it induced macrovesicular steatosis, along with increased cell ballooning, lobular inflammation and fibrosis. We conclude that fructose supplementation together with DAG induced a pre-fibrotic state, characterized by increased α-SMA and lipogenic markers.


Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Fatty Liver/chemically induced , Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects , Fructose/adverse effects , Body Weight , Insulin Resistance , Carbohydrates , Dietary Supplements , Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1 , Lipogenesis/drug effects , Mice, Inbred C57BL
12.
Braz. J. Anesth. (Impr.) ; 73(6): 764-768, Nov.Dec. 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1520391

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction: Propofol is a widely used anesthetic and its dose is closely related to aging. Telomere length (TL) is a unique heritable trait, and emerging as a biomarker of aging, health and disease. Telomerase RNA component (TERC) plays an important role in maintaining TL. We proposed a hypothesis that propofol dose in general anesthesia can be predicted by measuring TL before operation, which greatly reduced the risk of anesthesia, especially the elderly. Methods: The association between the propofol dose in anesthesia induction and: TL in the DNA of peripheral blood leukocytes; body weight; sex; difference of the Bispectral Index (BIS) before and after anesthesia induction in patients was evaluated by multivariable linear regression analyses. The mutation at the 5'end or 3'end of TERC was detected. We recruited 100 patients of elective surgery. Results: We found that propofol dose in anesthesia induction was clearly correlated significantly with TL (r = 0.78, p < 0.001), body weight (r = 0.84, p = 0.004), sex (r = 0.83, p= 0.84, p = 0.004), sex (r = 0.83, p = 0.004), and difference of BIS before and after anesthesia induction (r = 0.85, p = 0.029). By comparing the absolute values of standardized regression coefficients (0.58, 0.21, 0.19, and 0.12) of the four variables, it can be seen that TL contributes the most to the propofol dose in anesthesia induction. However, the mutation at the 5' end or 3' end of TERC was not found. Conclusions: These findings provide preliminary evidence that the propofol dose in anesthesia induction was clearly correlated with genetically determined TL. TL may be a promising predictor of the propofol dose, which is beneficial to improve the safety of anesthesia and reduce perioperative complications.


Subject(s)
Humans , Aged , Propofol/pharmacology , Body Weight , DNA , Telomere , Anesthetics, Intravenous/pharmacology , Electroencephalography , Anesthesia, General , Leukocytes
13.
Int. j. morphol ; 41(6): 1852-1862, dic. 2023. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1528792

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY: The primary aim was to gather available data published after the 2000s, on cardiovascular fitness in normal weight and obese children and adolescents. Based on the data, the secondary aims were to identify the most used outcomes and to determine the differences in cardiovascular fitness in the mentioned populations. Following PRISMA recommendations, multiple databases were searched: Google Scholar, PubMed, Cochrane Library, ProQuest, and Research Gate, with additional inclusion criteria: original study published in English, normal weight and obese children and adolescents as participant sample, studies that have assessed cardiovascular fitness parameters, and studies with participant's nutrition state. A total of 19 studies, with a total of 4,988 included participants (both obese and normal weight) were identified, with the most common participants have presented better results in terms of BMI, BF%, VO2max, VO2peak and METs, while the HR values are inconsistently presented. Despite deficiencies the study deficiency in the last two decades, there are differences in the mentioned populations. Further studies should focus on including the technology that reaches teens and families for overweight and obesity prevention and advancements in standard measurements for juvenile overweight and obesity, as well as for the creation, adaption, and validation of measuring instruments. As good framework for future directions, there is a need for more concise and unified measurements of cardiovascular fitness parameters in normally weight and obese children and adolescents.


El objetivo principal fue recopilar datos disponibles publicados después de la década del 2000 sobre la condición cardiovascular en niños y adolescentes con peso normal y obesos. En base a estos datos, los objetivos secundarios fueron identificar los resultados más utilizados y determinar las diferencias en la condición cardiovascular en las poblaciones mencionadas. Siguiendo las recomendaciones de PRISMA, se realizaron búsquedas en múltiples bases de datos: Google Scholar, PubMed, Cochrane Library, ProQuest y Research Gate, con criterios de inclusión adicionales: estudio original publicado en inglés, niños y adolescentes con peso normal y obesidad como muestra participante, estudios que hayan evaluado enfermedades cardiovasculares, parámetros de condición física y estudios con el estado nutricional de los participantes. Se identificaron un total de 19 estudios, con un total de 4.988 participantes incluidos (tanto obesos como con peso normal), siendo las variables más comunes: IMC, %BF, VO2máx, VO2pico, FC, PAD, PAS y MET. Generalmente, los participantes con peso normal han presentado mejores resultados en términos de IMC, %BF, VO2máx, VO2peak y MET, mientras que los valores de FC se presentan de manera inconsistente. Independientemente de la deficiencia de estudios en las últimas dos décadas, existen diferencias en las poblaciones mencionadas. Estudios futuros deberían centrarse en incluir tecnología que llegue a adolescentes y familias para la prevención del sobrepeso y la obesidad y avances en las mediciones estándar del sobrepeso y la obesidad juvenil, así como para la creación, adaptación y validación de instrumentos de medición. Como buen marco para direcciones futuras, se necesitan mediciones más concisas y unificadas de los parámetros de la condición cardiovascular en niños y adolescentes con peso normal y obesos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Adolescent , Body Weight , Exercise , Heart Rate , Physical Endurance , Overweight
14.
Int. j. morphol ; 41(6): 1679-1686, dic. 2023. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1528802

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY: The liver has over 500 physiological and biochemical roles in our organism so checking of liver size and function is a part of every clinical examination. Aim of our research was to estimate liver size on computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen images and to determinate relations between liver dimensions and anthropometric parameters. The research included 99 patients, 49 men and 50 women, who were referred for CT of abdomen. We measured body height (BH) and body mass (BM), and calculated body mass index (BMI) and body surface area (BSA). Also, on CT images we measured anteroposterior (AP), laterolateral (LL) and two craniocaudal liver diameters (one at the level of midclavicular line - CCmcl, and the other was maximal - CCmax). Liver volume (LV) was calculated with formula. Our results showed that AP diameter positively correlated with BSA (r=0.30) in women. LL diameter positively correlated with BH (r=0.43), and BSA (0.31) in men. CCmcl diameter positively correlated with BH (r=0.33), BM (r=0.31), and BSA (r=0.34) in men, while in women it correlated only with BH (r=0.38). CCmax diameter positively correlated with BH (r=0.33) and BSA (r=0.33) in men. LV positively correlated with BH and BSA in both men (r=0.36, r=0.33, respectively) and women (r=0.42, r=0.31, respectively), and in men also with BM (r=0.34). LL, CCmcl, CCmax, and LV negatively correlated with aging in both sexes After the age of 60, there was a decrease in size of LL, CC diameters, as well as in LV. We concluded that liver dimensions decrease with aging, regardless of sex at the expanse of LL and CC diameters which are related to the size of body parameters, so that for a precise evaluation of liver size all three diameters should be measured, LV as well as BH, BM, and BSA.


El hígado desempeña más de 500 funciones fisiológicas y bioquímicas en nuestro organismo, por lo que comprobar el tamaño y la función de este órgano es parte de cada examen clínico. El objetivo de nuestra investigación fue estimar el tamaño del hígado mediante tomografía computarizada (TC) de imágenes del abdomen y determinar las relaciones entre las dimensiones del hígado y los parámetros antropométricos. La investigación incluyó a 99 pacientes, 49 hombres y 50 mujeres, que fueron remitidos para TC de abdomen. Medimos la altura corporal (BH) y la masa corporal (BM), y calculamos el índice de masa corporal (IMC) y el área de superficie corporal (BSA). Además, en las imágenes de TC medimos los diámetros hepáticos anteroposterior (AP), laterolateral (LL) y dos craneocaudales (uno a nivel de la línea medioclavicular - CCmcl, y el diámetro máximo - CCmax). El volumen del hígado (VI) se calculó con una fórmula. Nuestros resultados mostraron que el diámetro AP se correlacionó positivamente con BSA (r = 0,30) en mujeres. El diámetro de LL se correlacionó positivamente con BH (r=0,43) y BSA (0,31) en hombres. El diámetro CCmcl se correlacionó positivamente con BH (r=0,33), BM (r=0,31) y BSA (r=0,34) en hombres, mientras que en mujeres se correlacionó solo con BH (r=0,38). El diámetro CCmax se correlacionó positivamente con BH (r=0,33) y BSA (r=0,33) en hombres. El VI se correlacionó positivamente con BH y BSA tanto en hombres (r=0,36, r=0,33, respectivamente) como en mujeres (r=0,42, r=0,31, respectivamente), y en hombres también con BM (r=0,34). LL, CCmcl, CCmax y LV se correlacionaron negativamente con el envejecimiento en ambos sexos. Después de los 60 años, hubo una disminución en el tamaño de los diámetros LL, CC y LV. Concluimos que las dimensiones del hígado disminuyen con la edad, independientemente del sexo, en la extensión de los diámetros LL y CC que están relacionados con el tamaño de los parámetros corporales, por lo que para una evaluación precisa del tamaño del hígado se debe medir LV como BH, BM y BSA.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Anthropometry , Liver/diagnostic imaging , Body Weight , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Body Mass Index , Sex Factors , Age Factors , Liver/anatomy & histology
15.
Int. j. morphol ; 41(5): 1411-1420, oct. 2023. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1521016

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY: This study aims to assess the nutritional status of Aymara and non-Aymara children in Arica, comparing anthropometric measurements of boys and girls aged 4-10 to inform interventions for child health and development. We conducted a non-experimental, quantitative, cross-sectional study in Arica, Chile. The sample included 458 children, with equal representation of Aymara and non-Aymara children from diverse socioeconomic backgrounds. Trained research assistants collected anthropometric data using standardized techniques. IBM SPSS statistical software was used for data analysis, including Student's t-test and the Levene test. Both Aymara and non-Aymara children showed high prevalence of overweight and obesity. Boys had a meso-endomorph somatotype, while girls had an endomorph somatotype. Among 8-year-olds, non-Aymara children had a slightly higher mean body weight (35.87, SD 4.50) compared to Aymara children (32.27, SD 4.31), but the difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05). However, 10-year-old Aymara girls had a significantly higher mean body mass index (22.34, SD 4.21) than non-Aymara girls (20.10, SD 3.58) (p=0.05). Regarding body fat percentage, 10-year- old non-Aymara girls had a slightly higher mean (31.01, SD 5.64) than Aymara girls (26.12, SD 5.63), but the difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05). The study found high levels of overweight and obesity in children from northern Chile, increasing with age for both Aymara and non-Aymara groups. The somatotype patterns were consistent across both groups. Although the differences between Aymara and non-Aymara children were not statistically significant, the Aymara group showed slightly higher levels of overweight and obesity. Further research with a larger sample size is needed to confirm these results and identify potential trends. Efforts should focus on promoting healthy nutrition and physical activity to address the growing problem of overweight and obesity in this region.


Este estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar el estado nutricional de los niños Aymaras y no Aymaras en Arica, comparando las medidas antropométricas de niños y niñas de 4 a 10 años para informar las intervenciones para la salud y el desarrollo infantil. Realizamos un estudio no experimental, cuantitativo, de corte transversal en Arica, Chile. La muestra incluyó a 458 niños, con igual representación de niños Aymaras y no Aymaras de diversos estratos socioeconómicos. Asistentes de investigación capacitados recolectaron datos antropométricos utilizando técnicas estandarizadas. Se utilizó el software estadístico IBM SPSS para el análisis de datos, incluyendo la prueba t de Student y la prueba de Levene. Tanto los niños Aymaras como los no Aymaras presentaron una alta prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad. Los niños tenían un somatotipo meso-endomorfo, mientras que las niñas tenían un somatotipo endomorfo. Entre los niños de 8 años, los niños no Aymaras tenían un peso corporal medio ligeramente superior (35,87, DE 4,50) en comparación con los niños Aymaras (32,27, DE 4,31), pero la diferencia no fue estadísticamente significativa (p>0,05). Sin embargo, las niñas Aymaras de 10 años tenían un índice de masa corporal medio significativamente mayor (22,34, SD 4,21) que las niñas no Aymaras (20,10, SD 3,58) (p=0,05). En cuanto al porcentaje de grasa corporal, las niñas no Aymaras de 10 años tuvieron una media ligeramente superior (31,01, DE 5,64) que las niñas Aymaras (26,12, DE 5,63), pero la diferencia no fue estadísticamente significativa (p>0,05). El estudio encontró altos niveles de sobrepeso y obesidad en niños del norte de Chile, aumentando con la edad tanto para los grupos Aymaras como para los no Aymaras. Los patrones de somatotipo fueron consistentes en ambos grupos. Aunque las diferencias entre los niños Aymaras y no Aymaras no fueron estadísticamente significativas, el grupo Aymara mostró niveles ligeramente más altos de sobrepeso y obesidad. Se necesita más investigación con un tamaño de muestra más grande para confirmar estos resultados e identificar tendencias potenciales. Los esfuerzos deben centrarse en promover una nutrición saludable y la actividad física para abordar el creciente problema del sobrepeso y la obesidad en esta región.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Body Composition , Indians, South American , Anthropometry , Somatotypes , Body Height , Body Weight , Body Mass Index , Chile , Adipose Tissue , Nutritional Status , Cross-Sectional Studies , Overweight , Obesity
16.
Arch. latinoam. nutr ; Arch. latinoam. nutr;73(supl. 2): 58-64, sept. 2023. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, LIVECS | ID: biblio-1532918

ABSTRACT

Introducción. Mundialmente se observaron consecuencias negativas en la salud por el aislamiento social durante la pandemia de COVID-19; el sobrepeso y la obesidad mostraron tendencias crecientes. Objetivo. Analizar los cambios en el sobrepeso, obesidad y alimentación de escolares del noroeste de México antes y después del aislamiento por COVID-19. Materiales y métodos. Se colectaron y analizaron el peso, talla y circunferencia de cintura de escolares del noroeste de México pre y post pandemia por COVID 19 (n=479 y n=820). Además, se analizaron los cambios en la alimentación en una submuestra de 203 y 179 escolares pre y post pandemia, respectivamente. Resultados. La edad promedio de los escolares en 2019 fue 8,9 ±1,75 y en el 2022 de 9,1 ± 1,54 años. Se observó un aumento de 6,2 puntos porcentuales en la prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad y diferencias en la distribución de las categorías del estado nutricio (p=0,049) entre los dos periodos. También, se observaron cambios en la adiposidad central con un aumento de 3 centímetros en la circunferencia de cintura (p=0,001; 62,6 y 65,6 cm). El índice de alimentación saludable (IAS) mostró una alimentación poco saludable durante los dos periodos. Conclusiones. El aumento en las prevalencias de sobrepeso y obesidad, así como de obesidad central durante la emergencia epidemiológica, indicaron un deterioro del estado nutricio de los escolares, que coincide con los reportes en poblaciones a nivel mundial y en Latinoamérica; los resultados resultan preocupantes dada la problemática antes de la emergencia(AU)


Introduction. Negative health consequences due to social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic were observed worldwide; overweight and obesity showed increasing trends. Objective. To analyze the changes in overweight, obesity and diet of schoolchildren in northwest Mexico before and after lockdown due to COVID-19. Materials and methods. Weight, height, and waist circumference of schoolchildren (n=479 pre-pandemic and n=820 post-pandemic) were collected in public schools located in medium to high marginalization neighborhoods. In the same periods dietary data was collected from a subsample of 203 and 179 schoolchildren, respectively. Results. The average age of schoolchildren in 2019 was 8,9 ±1,75 and 9,1 ± 1,54 in 2022. An increase in percentage of 6,2 was observed in the overweight plus obesity prevalence and a significant difference in the distribution of nutritional status (p=0,049) between the two periods. In addition, changes in central adiposity were observed, with an increase of 3 centimeters in waist circumference (p=0,001; 62,6 and 65,6 cm). The healthy eating index (HAI) classified the diet of schoolchildren as unhealthy during both periods. Conclusions. The increase in the prevalence of overweight and obesity, as well as central adiposity is worrying given that they were already a health problem before the COVID 19 confinement(AU)


Subject(s)
Child , Nutritional Status , Pediatric Obesity , COVID-19 , Body Weight , Body Mass Index , Malnutrition , Overweight , Waist Circumference , Sedentary Behavior , Pandemics , Diet, Healthy
17.
Bol. latinoam. Caribe plantas med. aromát ; 22(5): 607-627, sep. 2023. ilus, tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1561288

ABSTRACT

In order to understand antidiabetic potential and toxicity, this study aimed to evaluate the acute toxicity and antidiabetic activity of ethanolic extract and ethyl acetate fraction obtained from Coutoubea spicata "nicolau" shoots. Chemical constituents and acute toxicity were investigated. In alloxan-induced diabetic rats, extract and fraction were tested at dose of 100 mg/kg, p.o. Body weight gain, glucose, lipid profile and oxidative stress markers in serum and tissues were determined. In vitro antioxidant activity was performed. Swertiamarin, gentiopicrin, deoxyloganic acid, clovin and robinin, and their p-coumaric ester were identified. Extract and fraction were classified as safe (category 5). In diabetic rats, Coutoubea spicata reduced glycaemia, which was accompanied by body weight recovery gain and attenuation in oxidative stress markers. Fraction showed scavenging activity against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) radical (ABTS) radicals and reducing power higher than that of the extract. Extract and fraction of Coutoubea spicata didn't present significant toxicity and it can be investigated as a therapeutic alternative in diabetes.


Con el fin de conocer el potencial antidiabético y la toxicidad, este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la toxicidad aguda y la actividad antidiabética del extracto etanólico y la fracción de acetato de etilo obtenidos de los brotes de Coutoubea spicata "Nicolau". Se investigaron los componentes químicos y la toxicidad aguda. En ratas diabéticas inducidas por alloxan, se probaron el extracto y la fracción en dosis de 100 mg/kg, p.o. Se determinó el aumento de peso corporal, la glucosa, el perfil lipídico y los marcadores de estrés oxidativo en suero y tejidos. Se realizó una actividad antioxidante in vitro. Se identificaron la suertiamarina, la gentiopicrina, el ácido desoxilogánico, la clovina y la robinina, así como su éster p-cumárico. El extracto y la fracción se clasificaron como seguros (categoría 5). En ratas diabéticas, Coutoubea spicata redujo la glicemia, lo que se acompañó de una recuperación del peso corporal y de la atenuación de los marcadores de estrés oxidativo. La fracción mostró una actividad de barrido contra los radicales 1,1-difenil-2-picrilhidrazilo (DPPH) y 2,2'-azino-bis (ácido 3-etilbenzotiazolina-6-sulfónico) y un poder reductor superior al del extracto. El extracto y la fracción de Coutoubea spicata no presentaron una toxicidad significativa y pueden ser investigados como alternativa terapéutica en la diabetes.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Gentianaceae/chemistry , Diabetes Mellitus/drug therapy , Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology , Hypoglycemic Agents/chemistry , Oxidation-Reduction/drug effects , Phenols/analysis , Flavonoids/analysis , Body Weight/drug effects , Plant Extracts/toxicity , Cell Survival , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Rats, Wistar , Ethanol , Hyperglycemia/drug therapy , Hypoglycemic Agents/toxicity
18.
MHSalud ; 20(1): 79-88, Jan.-Jun. 2023. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, SaludCR | ID: biblio-1558363

ABSTRACT

Resumen: Introducción: Uno de los factores que condiciona el peso corporal es la percepción de la imagen corporal. En estudiantes universitarios la ingesta de comida rápida puede generar dificultades en la autopercepción de la imagen corporal como lo son la subestimación o sobreestimación del estado nutricional, llegando a producir trastornos como anorexia, bulimia e intentos de suicidio. Objetivo: Comparar la autopercepción de la imagen corporal, insatisfacción corporal, índice de masa corporal (IMC) y porcentaje de grasa corporal entre mujeres y hombres de la Universidad Adventista de Chile. Materiales y métodos: Estudio de tipo descriptivo comparativo de diseño transversal, aplicado a 150 estudiantes regulares de la Universidad Adventista de Chile, Chillán (UnACh). Se realizaron evaluaciones antropométricas (IMC y pliegues cutáneos), aplicación de Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) y Test de Modelo anatómico de Montero (MAM). Resultados: Entre los principales hallazgos se presentaron diferencias entre hombres y mujeres tanto en el BSQ como en el porcentaje de grasa, no así en el MAM y en el IMC donde no se encontraron diferencias significativas. Conclusiones: Las mujeres evaluadas poseen mayor insatisfacción corporal y porcentaje de grasa que los hombres universitarios; sin embargo, tanto hombres como mujeres poseen autopercepción corporal que se ajusta a su IMC, no habiendo diferencias significativas entre ambos sexos.


Abstract: Introduction: One of the factors that conditions body weight is the perception of body image. In university students, eating fast food can generate disorders in the self-perception of body image, such as underestimation or overestimation of nutritional status, leading to disorders such as anorexia, bulimia, and suicide attempts. Objective: To compare the self-perception of body image, body dissatisfaction, body mass index (BMI) and percentage of body fat between women and men from the Chilean Adventist University. Material and methods: A comparative descriptive study of cross-sectional design applied to 150 regular students of the Adventist University of Chile, Chillán (UnACh). Anthropometric evaluations (BMI and skinfolds), application of the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ), and the Montero Anatomical Model Test (MAM) were performed. Results: Among the main findings, there were differences between men and women both in the BSQ and in the fat percentage, but not in the MAM and in the BMI, where no significant differences were found. Conclusions: The women evaluated have higher body dissatisfaction and fat percentage than university men; however, both men and women have body self-perception that adjusts to their BMI, with no significant differences between the sexes.


Resumo: Introdução: Um dos fatores que condicionam o peso corporal é a percepção da imagem corporal. Em estudantes universitários, a ingestão de fast food pode gerar desordens na autopercepção da imagem corporal, como subestimação ou superestimação do estado nutricional, levando a desordens como anorexia, bulimia e tentativas de suicídio. Objetivo: Comparar a autopercepção da imagem corporal, insatisfação corporal, índice de massa corporal (IMC) e porcentagem de gordura corporal entre mulheres e homens na Universidade Adventista do Chile. Material e métodos: Estudo descritivo comparativo do projeto transversal, aplicado a 150 estudantes regulares da Universidade Adventista do Chile, Chillán (UnACh). Avaliações antropométricas (IMC e pregas cutâneas), aplicação do Questionário de imagem orporal (BSQ) e Teste de Modelo Anatômico de Montero (MAM) foram realizados. Resultados: Entre as principais constatações estavam diferenças entre homens e mulheres tanto no BSQ quanto na porcentagem de gordura, mas não no MAM e IMC, onde não foram encontradas diferenças significativas. Conclusões: As mulheres avaliadas têm maior insatisfação corporal e maior percentual de gordura do que os homens universitários; no entanto, tanto homens como mulheres têm uma autopercepção corporal que se ajusta ao seu IMC, sem diferenças significativas entre os dois sexos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Students/psychology , Body Weight , Body Mass Index , Chile
19.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 151(6): 725-734, jun. 2023. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1560232

ABSTRACT

AIM: The main objective of this study was to analyze the change in physical activity, quality of diet, and weight upon admission to higher education and at one-year follow-up in Chilean university students. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 376 Chilean university students were prospectively recruited. All participants were assessed at bas eline and one-year follow-up. Sociodemographics and other co-variables were described. Physical activity, healthy eating behavior, height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) were assessed using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ), and quality of diet (with Healthy Eating Index), SECA 213 stadiometer and TANITA HD-351, respectively. RESULTS: At the one-year follow-up, high-intensity METs (Metabolic equivalents) decreased by 147.9 (95% CI: 79.5 to 216; p = 0.000), moderate-intensity METs decreased by 85.0 (95% CI: 52.2 to 117.7; p = 0.000), sedentary behavior increased by 45.0 min/week (95% CI: 54.6 to 35.4; p = 0.000), total METs decreased by 793.6 (95% CI: 613.0 to 974.1; p = 0.000), HEI decreased by 45.4 points (95% CI: 48.5 to 82.1; p = 0.000), weight increased by 5.9 kg (95% CI: 3.5 to 6.3; p = 0.002), and BMI increased by 2.8 kg/m2 (95% CI: 2.7 to 3.2; p = 0.000). The correlation between total METs and the HEI was r = 0.21 (p = 0.013). CONCLUSIONS: There are statistically significant differences at one-year follow-up in Chilean university students in decreased physical activity, impaired healthy eating behavior, and increased weight and BMI.


OBJETIVO: El objetivo principal fue analizar los cambios en la actividad física, calidad de la dieta y el peso al ingreso a la educación superior y al año de seguimiento en estudiantes universitarios chilenos. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Un total de 376 estudiantes universitarios chilenos fueron prospectivamente reclutados. Todos los participantes fueron evaluados al ingreso y al año de seguimiento. Se describieron las variables sociodemográficas y otras co-variables. La actividad física, el comportamiento de alimentación saludable, el peso, talla y el Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC) fueron evaluados con el Cuestionario Global de Actividad Física (CGAF), el Índice de Alimentación Saludable (IAS), estadiómetro SECA 213 y el TANITA HD-351, respectivamente. RESULTADOS: Al año de seguimiento, los METs a alta intensidad disminuyeron 147,9 (95% IC: 79,5 a 216; p = 0,000), METs a moderada intensidad disminuyeron 85,0 (95% IC: 52,2 a 117,7; p = 0,000), el comportamiento sedentario incremento 45,0 min/semana (95% IC: 54,6 a 35,4; p = 0,000), los METs totales disminuyeron 793,6 (95% CI: 613,0 a 974,1; p = 0,000), IAS disminuyó 45,4 puntos (95% IC: 48,5 a 82,1; p = 0,000), el peso aumento 5,9 kg (95% IC: 3,5 a 6,3; p = 0,002), y el IMC incrementó 2,8 kg/m2 (95% IC: 2,7 a 3,2; p = 0,000). La relación entre los METs totales y el IAS fue r = 0,21 (p = 0,013). CONCLUSIONES: Al año de seguimiento, hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la disminución de la actividad física, deterioro del comportamiento de alimentación saludable, e incremento del peso e IMC en estudiantes universitarios chilenos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Students/psychology , Students/statistics & numerical data , Exercise/physiology , Body Mass Index , Socioeconomic Factors , Universities , Body Weight/physiology , Health Behavior , Chile , Prospective Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Longitudinal Studies , Sedentary Behavior , Life Style
20.
Cienc. act. fís. (Talca, En línea) ; 24(1)jun. 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1513949

ABSTRACT

The performance of paracanoists is characterized by the ability of the athlete to advance at maximum speed, through a technically optimal paddling motion. It`s important to consider that in the case of para-athletes, the application of forces towards paddling is compromised by physical deficiencies. Thus, this study aims to assess the performance of athletes in the KL1, KL2 and KL3 sport classes, during a paralympic paracanoe event. The sample was composed of athletes from the Brazilian male paracanoe team, with a representative of each sport class: KL1, KL2, KL3 For performance analysis, we used a kayak ergometer (KayakPro®, Miami Beach, FL, USA) to simulate a 200-meter trial, during Rio 2016 Paralympic Games Road. The variables were evaluated: time trial, stroke frequency, mean speed, number of strokes, stroke length, stroke index, and power. According to results: I) the athlete KL3 had the lowest number of strokes, the longest stroke length and the highest stroke rate index; II) the athlete KL1 had the highest number of strokes, the lowest stroke length and the stroke rate index. This study puts into perspective the distinct characteristics of a paracanoe trial, analyzed in consideration to each sport class.


El rendimiento de los paracanoistas se caracteriza por la capacidad del atleta para avanzar a la máxima velocidad, mediante un movimiento técnicamente óptimo. Es importante considerar que en el caso de los para atletas, la aplicación de fuerzas hacia el remo se ve comprometida por la discapacidad. Por lo tanto, este estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar el rendimiento de los atletas en las clases deportivas KL1, KL2 y KL3. La muestra estuvo compuesta por atletas de la selección brasileña masculina de paracanotaje, con un representante de cada clase deportiva. Para el análisis del rendimiento, utilizamos un ergómetro de kayak (KayakPro®, Miami Beach, FL, EE. UU.) para simular una prueba de 200 metros. Las variables monitoreadas fueran: tiempo, frecuencia de remada, velocidad media, número de remada, longitud de remada, índice de remada y potencia. Según los resultados: I) el atleta de la clase KL3 realizó el menor número de remadas, mayor longitud de remada y el mayor índice de remada.; II) el atleta de la clase KL1 realizó el mayor número de remadas, menor longitud de remada y índice de remada. Este estudio pone en perspectiva las distintas características de una prueba de paracanotaje, analizadas en consideración a cada clase deportiva.


O desempenho dos paracanoistas é caracterizado pela capacidade do atleta de avançar em velocidade máxima, através do movimento tecnicamente ideal. É importante considerar que no caso de para atletas, a aplicação de forças na remada é comprometida devido a deficiências apresentada. Assim, este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar o desempenho de atletas das classes esportivas KL1, KL2 e KL3, durante uma prova paralímpica de paracanoagem. A amostra foi composta por atletas da equipe brasileira de paracanoagem masculina, com um representante de cada classe esportiva. Para a análises do rendimento, foi utilizado o ergómetro de kayak (KayakPro®, Miami Beach, FL, EUA.) para simular uma prova de 200 metros. As variáveis avaliadas foram: tempo, frequência de remada, velocidade média, número de remada, comprimento de remada, índice de remada e potência. De acordo com os resultados: I) o atleta KL3 teve o menor número de remadas, o maior comprimento de remada e a maior índice de remada; II) o atleta KL1 teve o maior número de remadas, o maior comprimento de remada e índice de remada. Este estudo coloca em perspectiva as características de uma prova de paracanoagem, respeitando a especificidade de cada classe esportiva.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Exercise , Water Sports , Physical Functional Performance , Para-Athletes , Body Height , Body Weight , Athletic Performance
SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL