ABSTRACT
Introducción. En Argentina, el personal de salud ha sido el primero en vacunarse contra COVID-19, pero todavía existen pocos datos sobre la producción de anticuerpos IgG anti-S. Objetivos. Evaluar IgG específica contra glicoproteína spike del SARS-CoV-2 (IgG anti-S) posvacunación en personal de un hospital pediátrico. Explorar la asociación entre presencia de dichos anticuerpos, edad y antecedente de infección previa. Población y métodos. Estudio transversal que incluyó 193 trabajadores vacunados con los dos componentes de la vacuna Sputnik V. Se pesquisó el título de IgG anti-S y se registraron edad, antecedente de infección previa por SARS-CoV-2 y fecha de la vacunación. Resultados. El 98,6 % de los sujetos generó IgG anti-S. El título fue mayor en quienes habían cursado infección previamente (p <0,001), pero no hubo relación con la edad de los sujetos. Conclusión. Aportamos datos de generación de anticuerpos IgG anti-S posvacunación en personal de salud de un hospital pediátrico y exploramos algunos predictores.
Introduction. In Argentina, health care workers have been the first ones to receive the COVID-19 vaccine, but there are still few data on the production of anti-S IgG antibodies. Objectives. To assess specific IgG against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (anti-S IgG) after the vaccination of health care workers from a children's hospital. To explore the association between the presence of these antibodies, age, and history of prior infection. Population and methods. Cross-sectional study in 193 workers who received both doses of the two component Sputnik V vaccine. The anti-S IgG antibody titer was measured and age, history of prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, and date of vaccination were recorded. Results. Anti-S IgG antibodies were produced in 98.6% of the subjects. The titer was higher in those with prior infection (p < 0.001), but no relationship was established with subjects' age. Conclusion. We provide data on post-vaccination production of IgG anti-S antibodies among health care workers from a children's hospital and explore some predictors.
Subject(s)
Humans , Health Personnel , SARS-CoV-2/immunology , COVID-19/immunology , Immunoglobulin G , Cross-Sectional Studies , Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus , COVID-19 Vaccines , Hospitals, Pediatric , Antibodies, ViralABSTRACT
Objective: To study the link between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination status and adherence to public health and social measures in Members of the Eastern Mediterranean Region and Algeria. Methods: We analysed two rounds of a large, cross-country, repeated cross-sectional mobile phone survey in JuneJuly 2021 and OctoberNovember 2021. The rounds included 14 287 and 14 131 respondents, respectively, from 23 countries and territories. Questions covered knowledge, attitudes and practices around COVID-19, and demographic, employment, health and vaccination status. We used logit modelling to analyse the link between self-reported vaccination status and individuals' practice of mask wearing, physical distancing and handwashing. We used propensity score matching as a robustness check. Findings: Overall, vaccinated respondents (8766 respondents in round 2) were significantly more likely to adhere to preventive measures than those who were unvaccinated (5297 respondents in round 2). Odds ratios were 1.5 (95% confidence interval, CI: 1.31.8) for mask wearing; 1.5 (95% CI: 1.31.7) for physical distancing; and 1.2 (95% CI: 1.01.4) for handwashing. Similar results were found on analysing subsamples of low- and middle-income countries. However, in high-income countries, where vaccination coverage is high, there was no significant link between vaccination and preventive practices. The association between vaccination status and adherence to public health advice was sustained over time, even though self-reported vaccination coverage tripled over 5 months (19.4% to 62.3%; weighted percentages). Conclusion Individuals vaccinated against COVID-19 maintained their adherence to preventive health measures. Nevertheless, reinforcement of public health messages is important for the public's continued compliance with preventive measures.
Subject(s)
Therapeutics , Hand Disinfection , Public Health , Patient Compliance , Physical Distancing , COVID-19 Vaccines , COVID-19 , Cross-Sectional Studies , Immunization , Algeria , Facial MasksABSTRACT
Background. Health care personnel constitute a group at high risk of contracting COVID-19. However, the vaccination rate in this group in our context remains low. The objective of our study was to determine the factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among health care workers in Yaounde. Methods.We conducted a cross-sectional study of 360 health personnel in three hospitals in the city of Yaounde from January to March 2022, i.e., 3 months. All health personnel who gave their free consent were included. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Institutional Ethics and Research Committee of the Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences of the University of Yaounde I. A logistic regression was performed to search for factors associated with reluctance to vaccinate, with a significance level of 0.05. Results.The vaccination rate against COVID-19 was 34% (123). Factors associated with vaccine hesitancy were female gender (OR [95% CI] =3.5[2.2-5.5]; p<0.001), working outside a COVID-19 management unit (OR [95% CI]=6, [2.1-18.5]; p=0.001), fear of the harmfulness of COVID-19 vaccines (OR [CI 95%] =2.7[1.7-4.2]; p<0.001), and doubt of vaccine efficacy (OR [CI 95%] =4.0[2.5-6.4]; p<0.001). Conclusion:Health personnel are still reluctant to vaccinate in our context. Factors associated with hesitancy to vaccination against COVID-19 could help deconstruct apprehensions.
Introduction. La pandémie de la COVID-19 a ajouté un fardeau supplémentaire dans les pays aux systèmes de santé déjà fragiles. Objectif : déterminer la prévalence et la séroprévalence de la COVID-19 en cas de suspicion du paludisme au cours de la deuxième vagueà Yaoundé. Méthodologie. Une étude transversale descriptive a été menée au Centre Médical le Jourdain pendant 8 semaines du 19 Avril au 13 Juin 2021 soit durant la deuxième vague au Cameroun. Pour les 86 patients avec suspicion de paludisme, des prélèvements nasopharyngé et sanguins ont été réalisés pour la recherche d'antigène du SRAS- CoV 2 et des IgG et IgM anti-SARS-CoV-2 grâce aux kits STANDARDTM Q COVID-19 Ag de SD BIOSENSOR, Corée, 2020 et StandardTM Q COVID 19 Ac IgG/IgM de SD BIOSENSOR, Corée, 2020 respectivement. La confirmation du paludisme a été faite grâce à l'examen microscopique des étalements de sang colorés. Résultats. Le paludisme était confirmé dans 20,9% (18) des cas. Les prévalences de la COVID-19 et de la coïnfection COVID19/Paludisme étaient de 8,1% et de 0,9% respectivement. Sur les 25,6% (54) des patients avec des IgM anti-COVID-19, aucun cas de microscopie positive n'a été retrouvé. Par ailleurs un peu plus de la moitié des patients avaient des anticorps IgG anti-COVID-19 qu'ils aient une goutte épaisse positive ou pas soit 56,0% (42/75) et 52,2% (71/136) respectivement. Conclusion. En cas de suspicion du paludisme en zone impaludée, il parait non négligeable de considérer la COVID-19 comme un diagnostic différentiel.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Immunoglobulin G , Immunoglobulin M , Health Personnel , Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome , Delivery of Health Care , Coinfection , COVID-19 Vaccines , COVID-19 , Vaccination Hesitancy , Cross-Sectional Studies , PandemicsABSTRACT
Background: Coronavirus (COVID-19) which emerged from Wuhan, Hubei province, China has gained tremendous attention. It has caused huge morbidity and mortality as well as a visible psychological burden on communities across the globe. Knowledge, fear, and willingness to accept COVID-19 Vaccine are reported to be serious factors in the fight against the disease in many communities for which Jere LGA, Maiduguri, Borno State, may not be an exception. Objectives: To determine the Knowledge, fear, and willingness to accept the COVID-19 Vaccine among the residents of Jere LGA, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria. Methodology:Adescriptive cross-sectional study design was adopted for this study. Atotal of 384 questionnaires were administered in this study. However, only 367 questionnaires were retrieved for analysis. The sampling technique adopted for this study was multistate sampling techniques. Results: The findings of the study revealed that the majority (67.8%) of the respondents had poor knowledge of the COVID-19 vaccine. On the question of COVID-19 fear, 50.1% had moderate fear. Regarding the vaccination status of the respondents, 93.5% did not receive the COVID-19 vaccine jab and 6.5% did receive the vaccine as of the time of this study. Of the 367 respondents, 78.2% were unwilling to accept the COVID-19 vaccine, if made available to them. Conclusions: The study concluded that there is poor knowledge, and moderate fear and the majority of respondents were unwilling to receive or accept the COVID-19 vaccine in the study area. Therefore, this study recommends a comprehensive awareness campaign on the importance of the COVID-19 vaccine at the community level.
Subject(s)
Humans , Cross-Sectional Studies , Fear , COVID-19 Vaccines , Coronavirus , KnowledgeABSTRACT
Background: COVID-19 vaccine is one of the most effective public health intervention approaches for prevention of COVID-19. Despite its well-known efficacy and safety, significant proportion of frontline COVID-19 healthcare workers remain hesitant about accepting the vaccine for whatever reasons. This study aimed to determine acceptance rate and determinants of vaccine refusal among doctors in Cross River State, Nigeria. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional survey of doctors using structured online questionnaire administered via the WhatsApp platform of the medical doctors' association, in order to assess their rate of acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines, and reasons for vaccine refusal. The predictors of vaccine acceptance were analysed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Results: Of the 443 medical doctors targeted on the WhatsApp platform, 164 responded to the questionnaire survey, giving a response rate of 37.0% (164/443). The mean age of the respondents is 38 ±6.28 years, 91 (55.5%) are 38 years old and above, 97 (59.1%) are males and 67 (40.9%) are females, giving a male-to-female ratio of 1.4:1. The greater proportion of the respondents are physicians (70/148, 47.3%) and about three-quarter of the participants (127/164, 77.4%) had received COVID-19 vaccine. The proportion of physicians who had received COVID-19 vaccine (57/70, 81.4%) was more than the proportion of general practitioners (31/42, 73.8%) and surgeons (24/35, 68.6%). Low perceived benefit of vaccination was the main reason given for COVID-19 vaccine refusal (45.9%, 17/37). No significant association was found between vaccine refusal and suspected predictors (p>0.05). Conclusion: Our study revealed high rate of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among medical doctors especially among the physicians, with the surgeons showing lowest acceptance rate. A significant proportion would not take vaccine because they perceived it lacks much benefits. To raise vaccine acceptance among doctors, more efforts on vaccine literacy that would target doctors from all sub-specialties especially surgeons and incorporate vaccine benefits should be made.
Subject(s)
Humans , Public Health Administration , Vaccines , Pharmacological Phenomena , COVID-19 VaccinesABSTRACT
Background:The COVID-19 pandemic and its vaccine have been met with varying perceptions that may have both negative and positive effects on the willingness to uptake the COVID-19 vaccine. The study is set to determine the perception and willingness of the household heads to the uptake of COVID-19 vaccine in a rural community in Southwestern, Nigeria.Materials and Methods:A cross-sectional study was carried out among 409 household heads selected through a multistage sampling technique. The instrument of data collection was a semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaireusing the Health Belief model constructs. Data were analyzed with IBM SPSS version 21.0 and Pearson's Chi-square test was used to determine the association between perception and willingness to uptake vaccine. P<0.05 was taken as significant at 95% confidence interval.Results:The majority of the unvaccinated respondents in the study were not willing to take the COVID-19 vaccine (60.1%). There was a poor perception of the susceptibility/severity of unvaccinated respondents to COVID-19 infection and a poor perception of the benefit/barrier to the uptake of the COVID-19vaccine. Perception of susceptibility and severity of COVID-19 infection were statistically related to the willingness to uptake the COVID-19vaccine.Conclusion:There should be an increase in awareness campaigns to change the perception of people positively to COVID-19 infection and uptake of the COVID-19vaccine.
Subject(s)
Rural Population , Awareness , Therapeutics , Family Characteristics , COVID-19 Vaccines , COVID-19 , PandemicsABSTRACT
La rinitis alérgica ha ido en aumento en los países latinoamericanos, dando lugar a una creciente población de pacientes que necesitan tratamiento médico para esta afección respiratoria. Su similitud con la COVID-19 en cuanto a síntomas y la posibilidad de concurrencia con esta, hacen que la rinitis alérgica sea de particular interés para los sistemas de salud. Los países de América Latina y el Caribe han sido particularmente vulnerables por múltiples desafíos, entre estos, las altas tasas de pobreza, el acceso limitado a la atención médica y las limitaciones en la prestación de servicios básicos de salud, así como la ausencia de guías de tratamiento para la rinitis alérgica en situación de pandemia. Con el objetivo de proporcionar orientación esencial para los equipos multidisciplinarios de América Latina y el Caribe con respecto a la evaluación y el tratamiento de la rinitis alérgica durante la pandemia de COVID-19, se revisó literatura científica publicada sobre tratamiento de la rinitis alérgica y COVID-19, y se consideró la opinión de profesionales líderes de sociedades científicas de la región. Se analizaron las diferentes medidas para evitar contagios, y las diferentes estrategias de tratamiento con énfasis en la terapia intranasal y el tratamiento con vacunas contra la alergia. Se formuló una declaración de posicionamiento con la intención de mantener la continuidad del servicio médico en el contexto de una pandemia y minimizar la propagación, infección y complicación asociada con el coronavirus tipo 2 del síndrome respiratorio agudo severo en pacientes con seguimiento o comenzando tratamiento para la rinitis alérgica(AU)
Allergic rhinitis has been increasing in Latin American countries, leading to a growing population of patients who need medical treatment for this respiratory condition. Its similarity to COVID-19 in terms of symptoms and the possibility of concurrence with it, make allergic rhinitis of particular interest to health systems. The countries of Latin America and the Caribbean have been particularly vulnerable due to multiple challenges, including high poverty rates, limited access to medical care and limitations in the provision of basic health services, as well as the absence of guidelines of treatment for allergic rhinitis in a pandemic situation. With the aim of to provide essential management for multidisciplinary teams in Latin America and the Caribbean regarding the evaluation and treatment of allergic rhinitis during the COVID-19 pandemic, published scientific literature on the treatment of allergic rhinitis and COVID-19 was reviewed, and the opinion of leading professionals from scientific societies in the region was considered. The different measures to avoid infections and the different treatment strategies were analyzed, with an emphasis on intranasal therapy and treatment with allergy vaccines. A position statement was formulated with the intention of maintaining continuity of medical service in the context of a pandemic and minimizing the spread, infection and complication associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in patients undergoing or starting treatment for allergic rhinitis(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Administration, Intranasal/methods , Rhinitis, Allergic/drug therapy , Rhinitis, Allergic/epidemiology , COVID-19 Vaccines/therapeutic use , Caribbean Region , COVID-19/epidemiology , Latin AmericaABSTRACT
El coronavirus de tipo 2 del síndrome respiratorio agudo severo es el agente causal de la COVID-19. En la semana del 21 al 27 de marzo de 2021 se confirmó en Cuba un incremento del 8 por ciento de los casos. El Ministerio de Salud Pública de Cuba decidió aprobar la intervención sanitaria con los candidatos vacunales SOBERANA para ser administrados al personal que laboraba en instituciones de salud. Los objetivos del presente trabajo son describir las coberturas de vacunación alcanzadas con el esquema heterólogo de SOBERANA y la progresión de la enfermedad en los sujetos vacunados con el mismo. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo, prospectivo. Se captaron 884 sujetos que cumplieron los criterios para ser incluidos. Los sujetos fueron seguidos por los investigadores del sitio centinela durante la aplicación del esquema y 5 meses después de concluido. Se lograron adecuadas coberturas de vacunación para el esquema heterólogo de tres dosis de SOBERANA. Las comorbilidades más frecuentes en el grupo de trabajadores que enfermó de COVID-19 después de 14 días de culminado el esquema heterólogo fueron: hipertensión arterial, asma, diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y cardiopatía isquémica. La mayor proporción de enfermos correspondió a los que trabajaron durante la pandemia en zona roja con alto riesgo, seguido de los que trabajaron en zona verde y en el grupo de los profesionales y, por último, los trabajadores no profesionales no técnicos. No se describió progresión de la enfermedad hacia las formas graves y críticas en los trabajadores vacunados. Los síntomas y signos más frecuentes en el grupo de enfermos fueron fiebre, tos, astenia y anorexia. Se lograron adecuadas coberturas vacunales llegando a ser abortada la progresión de la enfermedad a formas graves o críticas a pesar de la alta exposición laboral del personal y la existencia de comorbilidades crónicas(AU)
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is the causative agent of COVID-19. In the week of March 21 to 27, 2021 an increase of 8 percent in cases was confirmed in Cuba. The Cuban Ministry of Public Health decided to approve the health intervention with the SOBERANA vaccine candidates to be administered to the staff working in health institutions. The objectives were to describe the vaccination coverage achieved with the SOBERANA heterologous scheme and the progression of the disease in the vaccinated subjects. This is a descriptive, prospective study. We perceived 884 subjects that fulfilled the criteria to be included. The subjects were followed up by the researchers of the sentinel site during the application of the scheme and 5 months after its conclusion. Adequate vaccination coverage was achieved for the heterologous scheme of three doses of SOBERANA. The most frequent comorbidities inside the group of workers who fell ill of COVID-19, 14 days after of completing the heterologous scheme were: high blood pressure, asthma, type 2 diabetes mellitus and ischemic heart disease. The bigger proportion of sick persons corresponded to those who worked in the high-risk red zone, followed by those who worked in the green zone and in the professional group, and lastly non-professional non-technical workers. Disease progression to severe and critical forms was not described in vaccinated workers. Symptoms and more frequent signs in the sick persons were fever, cough, asthenia and anorexia. Adequate vaccination coverage was achieved; the progression of the disease to severe or critical forms was aborted despite the high occupational exposure of the staff and chronic comorbidities(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Immunization Programs , COVID-19 Vaccines/therapeutic use , COVID-19/epidemiology , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Prospective Studies , CubaABSTRACT
Introducción: la enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) causada por el nuevo coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) ha planteado una emergencia médica y una crisis mundial rápidamente, desde que surgió por primera vez en diciembre de 2019. El 11 de marzo de 2020, la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) declaró una pandemia. Las vacunas COVID-19 son ahora actores críticos en la situación global del SARS-CoV-2, con el objetivo de alcanzar progresivamente la inmunidad colectiva. La OMS ha aprobado 9 vacunas entre el 30 de diciembre de 2020 y el 20 de diciembre de 2021. Objetivo: el objetivo de este estudio es analizar, desde los aportes hechos por la Biotecnología, las distintas vacunas que están siendo administradas, así como también las que están en investigación y desarrollo, para la prevención del COVID-19. Materiales y métodos: se realizó una revisión exhaustiva de la literatura dedicada a vacunas aprobadas o en instancias clínicas destinadas a la prevención de COVID-19. Palabras clave: COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, vacunas, biotecnología, vectores, y coronavirus; en las bases de datos MEDLINE/PubMed, Scielo (Scientific Electronic Library Online), Nature, Lancet y Google Scholar. Criterios de inclusión de trabajos científicos: i) idioma inglés o español, ii) publicados entre 2019-2021, iii) referidos a Biotecnología. Criterio de exclusión: i) fármacos/vacunas convencionales no aprobadas ni recomendadas por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) o el Centro de Control de Enfermedades y prevención (CDC por sus siglas en inglés) para su uso en la enfermedad causada por COVID-19. Luego, se describieron los hallazgos de los artículos seleccionados de forma cualitativa. Resultados: el presente trabajo expone los distintos tipos de plataformas vacunales desarrollados hasta el momento para enfrentar la pandemia de COVID-19. Conclusiones: debido a que las vacunas contra el COVID-19 se han desarrollado hace tan solo unos meses, aún se desconoce la duración de la inmunidad que confieren. Sin embargo, hay datos alentadores que indican que la mayoría de las personas que han sido vacunadas adquieren una inmunidad apropiada que protege contra una nueva infección, al menos durante un cierto tiempo, y permite disminuir significativamente la gravedad de esta nueva infección. (AU)
Introduction: the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has quickly posed a medical emergency and global crisis, since it first emerged in December 2019. On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared a pandemic. COVID-19 vaccines are now critical players in the global SARS-CoV-2 situation, with the goal of progressively achieving herd immunity. The WHO has approved 9 vaccines between December 30, 2020 and December 20, 2021. Objective: the objective of this study is to analyze, from the contributions made by Biotechnology, the different vaccines that are being administered, as well as in research and development, for the prevention of COVID-19. Materials and methods: an exhaustive review of the literature dedicated to approved vaccines or in clinical instances intended for the treatment of COVID-19 was carried out. Key words: "COVID-19", "SARS-CoV-2", "vaccines", "biotechnology", "vectors", and "coronavirus"; in the MEDLINE/Pubmed, Scielo (Scientific Electronic Library Online), Nature, Lancet and Google Scholar databases. Criteria for the inclusion of scientific papers: i) English or Spanish language, ii) published between 2019-2021, iii) referring to Biotechnology. Exclusion criteria: i) conventional drugs/vaccines not approved or recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) or the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) for use in disease caused by the COVID 19. Then, the findings of the selected articles were described qualitatively. Results: this study presents the pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the use of the different types of vaccine platforms developed to date to face the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusions: the pandemic generated by COVID-19 has represented a great challenge around the world in many aspects, from the medical, scientific to the social and economic.Since COVID-19 vaccines were developed only a few months ago, the duration of immunity they confer is still unknown and more research is needed to answer this question. However, there is encouraging data indicating that most people who recover from the disease acquire an immunity that protects against a new infection, at least for a certain time, although to what degree and for what duration is still being determined. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Biotechnology/methods , COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology , COVID-19/immunology , Vector Control of Diseases , COVID-19 Vaccines/administration & dosage , SARS-CoV-2/immunology , COVID-19/prevention & controlABSTRACT
INTRODUÇÃO: A vacinação contra a COVID-19 é um dos principais recursos de saúde pública para mitigar a pandemia globalmente. As taxas de vacinação dependem diretamente da aceitação e adesão da população. Sabese que a aceitação vacinal é muito heterogênea entre as diferentes regiões do globo, mas há poucos estudos avaliando a percepção geral das vacinas contra a COVID-19 no Brasil. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a intenção de vacinação contra COVID-19 entre moradores do Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brasil, durante o início da campanha de vacinação no país, e identificar fatores associados à hesitação vacinal. MÉTODOS: Foi realizada uma pesquisa com coleta de dados online, que recrutou um total de 953 respondentes. O questionário foi divulgado em mídias digitais de março a maio de 2021, por meio do método de amostragem bola de neve. RESULTADOS: Aproximadamente 96% da amostra informou que pretendia tomar a vacina contra a COVID-19. A hesitação vacinal foi positivamente associada a ser casado, ter filhos e ser mais velho. Indivíduos sem intenção de se vacinar também foram mais propensos a não respeitar o distanciamento social e outras ações de proteção individual. CONCLUSÕES: Nossos achados estão de acordo com os dados atuais de cobertura vacinal no RS. Embora o Brasil esteja apresentando taxas de vacinação superiores à maioria dos países do mundo, devemos atentar para os grupos populacionais que não aderem à vacinação. Reforçamos a importância da constante divulgação científica e educação em saúde para toda a população como aliadas no fortalecimento das políticas públicas de vacinação.(AU)
INTRODUCTION: The vaccination against COVID-19 is one of the major public health resources to mitigate the global pandemic. Vaccination rates directly depends on the acceptance and adherence by the population. It is known that the vaccine acceptancy is very heterogeneous among different regions of the globe, but there are few studies evaluating the general perception of COVID-19 vaccines in Brazil. AIM: To evaluate the intention of vaccination against COVID-19 among residents of Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil, during the beginning of the campaign in the country, and to identify factors associated with vaccine hesitancy. METHODS: An online survey was conducted, ending in a sample of 953 respondents. The questionnaire was divulgated through digital medias from March to May 2021, via a snowball sampling method. RESULTS: Approximal 96% of the sample informed they intended to take COVID-19 vaccine. Vaccine hesitancy was positively associated with being married, having children, and being older. Subjects with no intention to get vaccinated were also more likely to not respect social distancing and other individual protection actions. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings are in line with current vaccination coverage data in RS. Although Brazil is showing vaccination rates higher than most countries in the world, we must pay attention to population groups that do not adhere to vaccination. We reinforce the importance of constant science communication and health education for the whole population as allies in strengthening public policies for vaccination.(AU)
INTRODUCCIÓN: La vacunación contra el COVID-19 es uno de los principales recursos de salud pública para mitigar la pandemia. Las tasas de vacunación dependen directamente de la aceptación y adherencia por parte de la población. Se sabe que la aceptación de la vacuna es muy heterogénea entre las diferentes regiones del mundo, pero hay pocos estudios que evalúen la percepción general de las vacunas contra la COVID-19 en Brasil. OBJETIVO: Evaluar la intención de vacunación contra la COVID-19 entre los residentes de Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brasil, e identificar factores asociados a la reticencia vacunal. MÉTODOS: Se realizó una encuesta en línea, finalizando en una muestra de 953 encuestados. El cuestionario fue divulgado a través de medios digitales de marzo a mayo de 2021, mediante un método de muestreo de bola de nieve. RESULTADOS: Aproximadamente 96% de la muestra informó que tenía la intención de recibir la vacuna COVID-19. La reticencia a la vacuna se asoció positivamente con estar casado, tener hijos y ser mayor. Los sujetos sin intención de vacunarse también tenían más probabilidades de no respetar el distanciamiento social y otras medidas de protección individual. CONCLUSIONES: Nuestros hallazgos están en línea con los datos actuales de cobertura de vacunación en RS. Debemos prestar atención a los grupos de población que no se adhieren a la vacunación. Reforzamos la importancia de la comunicación científica constante y la educación en salud para toda la población como aliados en el fortalecimiento de las políticas públicas de vacunación.(AU)
Subject(s)
COVID-19 Vaccines , COVID-19ABSTRACT
RESUMEN Objetivos. Explorar los factores que predisponen la aceptabilidad o reticencia a la vacunación contra la COVID-19 utilizando métodos cualitativos. Materiales y métodos. Estudio cualitativo descriptivo realizado entre abril y junio del 2021. Se utilizó una guía de entrevista semiestructurada que exploró las percepciones de los participantes de diferentes regiones del Perú con relación a la aplicación de la vacuna para la COVID-19, tomando como marco teórico el modelo de creencias en salud, cuyas dimensiones son: susceptibilidad, severidad, beneficios, barreras y estímulos asociados para ejecutar la acción. Resultados. Se entrevistó a treinta personas, en su mayoría mujeres. Para los participantes la eficacia de las vacunas se relaciona con el país de procedencia, además, consideran que es importante conocer los efectos a largo plazo en la salud luego de la aplicación de la vacuna. La información recibida por las autoridades gubernamentales y sanitarias puede ser un factor decisivo para la aplicación de la vacuna. Las personas con la intención de no vacunarse sienten que las estrategias de promoción de la vacunación vulneran sus derechos humanos. Conclusiones. Existe un grupo de personas indecisas o inseguras de recibir las vacunas contra la COVID-19 en quienes es necesario fomentar estímulos de acuerdo con sus preocupaciones y necesidades. Las autoridades gubernamentales y sanitarias deben trabajar conjuntamente para mejorar la confianza de la población y brindar mensajes que despejen las principales dudas sobre la eficacia y las reacciones adversas de las vacunas.
ABSTRACT Objectives. To explore factors that influence the acceptance or reluctance to COVID-19 vaccination using qualitative methods. Materials and methods. Descriptive qualitative study conducted between April and June 2021. A semi-structured interview guide was used to explore the perceptions of participants from different regions of Peru regarding COVID-19 vaccination. The Health Belief Model was used as theoretical framework and its dimensions are: susceptibility, severity, benefits, barriers, and cues to action. Results. We interviewed 30 people, mostly were women. For the participants, the efficacy of vaccines is related to the country of origin of the vaccines; in addition, they consider that it is important to know the long-term effects on health after vaccination. The information received by governmental and health authorities can be a decisive factor for vaccination. People with the intention of not being vaccinated feel that vaccination promotion strategies violate their human rights. Conclusions. There is a group of people undecided or unsure about receiving COVID-19 vaccines who need to be encouraged according to their concerns and needs. Governmental and health authorities should work together to improve the confidence of the population and provide messages to clarify doubts about the efficacy and adverse reactions of vaccines.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Vaccination Refusal , COVID-19 , Health Strategies , Health Belief Model , COVID-19 VaccinesABSTRACT
El desarrollo de vacunas contra la COVID-19 ha constituido una de las principales prioridades de la comunidad científica global. Hasta la fecha, múltiples vacunas han sido aprobadas para uso por numerosos países y la Organización Mundial de la Salud ha incluido algunas de estas en su programa de listado de uso de emergencia. El presente trabajo ofrece información sobre estos aspectos y analiza el reto colosal que ha representado para el sector regulatorio enfrentarse al creciente desarrollo de vacunas contra la COVID-19, asegurando su calidad, seguridad y eficacia. De igual forma, se abordan los nuevos enfoques en el desarrollo de los ensayos clínicos, o modificaciones en los procedimientos regulatorios existentes, que han sido cuidadosamente adaptados por las agencias reguladoras, sin perder su capacidad de escrutinio y la integridad de la evaluación científico-regulatoria(AU)
The development of anti-COVID-19 vaccines has been one of the main priorities of the global scientific community. To date, multiple vaccines have been approved for use by numerous countries, and the World Health Organization has already included some of these in its emergency use listing program. This paper offers information on these aspects and analyzes the colossal challenge that facing the growing development of vaccines against COVID-19 has represented for the regulatory sector, ensuring their quality, safety and efficacy. Similarly, new approaches in the development of clinical trials are addressed, or modifications in existing regulatory procedures that have been carefully adapted by regulatory agencies, without losing their scrutiny capacity and the integrity of the scientific-regulatory evaluation(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Clinical Trial , Medical Device Legislation , COVID-19 Vaccines/therapeutic use , Vaccines , CubaABSTRACT
Se presentan los resultados del estudio de intervención realizado en el Centro Nacional de Biopreparados, empresa de BioCubaFarma. La investigación fue promovida por el Instituto Finlay de Vacunas, con el objetivo de evaluar los efectos directos e indirectos de la vacunación anti SARS-CoV-2 con un esquema heterólogo 2P+1: dos dosis de SOBERANA®02 más una dosis de SOBERANA®Plus con 28 días entre ellas, en cohortes poblacionales de riesgo de infección, enfermedad y dispersión de la epidemia. Fueron evaluados 1.007 sujetos, incluyéndose inicialmente 924. De ellos, el 97,62 por ciento recibió el esquema completo de vacunación. Posteriormente se incluyeron 21 convalecientes de COVID-19 con al menos dos meses del alta clínica, que recibieron una única dosis de SOBERANA®Plus. La seguridad de las vacunas se evalúo mediante la identificación y clasificación de los eventos adversos por farmacovigilancia activa y pasiva. Se registraron un total de 482 eventos adversos, en su mayoría por farmacovigilancia pasiva, de intensidad leve y de causalidad A1 (relacionados). No ocurrieron eventos adversos graves relacionados. Se realizó cuantificación de IgG anti SARS-CoV-2 a 100 individuos y el 68 por ciento tuvo una respuesta mayor o igual de 50 UA/mL, siendo estos sujetos nueve años menores que los de respuesta menor. Hasta los tres meses de concluida la intervención, 64 vacunados fueron diagnosticados con COVID-19 y ninguno de ellos estuvo grave o falleció. Se evidenció un perfil de seguridad muy favorable de SOBERANA® e indicios de efectividad en la prevención de formas graves y mortalidad por COVID-19(AU)
The results of an intervention study performanced at the Centro Nacional de Biopreparados, a company of BioCubaFarma, are presented. The research was promoted by the Finlay Vaccine Institute, with the aim of evaluating the direct and indirect effects of vaccination against SARS-CoV-2, with a heterologous 2P + 1 scheme: two doses of SOBERANA®02 plus one dose of SOBERANA®Plus with 28 days between them; in population cohorts at risk of infection, disease and spread of the epidemic. A quantity of 1,007 subjects were evaluated and 924 were initially included. Of these, 97.62 percent received the complete vaccination schedule. Subsequently, 21 convalescents of COVID-19 with at least two months of clinical discharge were included, who received a single dose of SOBERANA®Plus. The safety of the vaccine was evaluated by identifying and classifying adverse events by active and passive pharmacovigilance. A total of 482 adverse events were recorded, mostly due to passive pharmacovigilance, mild intensity and A1 causality (related). No related serious adverse events occurred. IgG anti SARS-CoV-2 was quantified in 100 individuals, and 68 percent had a response greater than or equal to 50 IU/mL, these subjects being nine years younger than those with a lower response. Up to three months after the intervention, 64 vaccinated people were diagnosed with COVID-19 and none of them were seriously ill or died. A very favorable safety profile of SOBERANA® and indications of effectiveness in preventing severe forms and mortality from COVID-19 were evidenced(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Occupational Health , Reference Drugs , COVID-19 Vaccines/therapeutic use , CubaABSTRACT
Introducción: Las vacunas representan una solución prometedora para mitigar la COVID-19; sin embargo, esta estrategia tiene importantes retos, uno de ellos la actitud hacia el nuevo biológico. Objetivo: Conocer la actitud de los habitantes del Estado de Guerrero (México), ante la vacuna para controlar la COVID-19. Materiales y métodos: Investigación cuantitativa no experimental de corte transversal descriptivo, a través de un muestreo tipo conglomerados, la muestra se conformó de 296 personas de las diferentes regiones del Estado de Guerrero; se incluyeron personas mayores de 18 años y que desearan participar del estudio a través de consentimiento informado. La recolección de datos fue a través de cuestionarios de Google. Se utilizó la escala para determinar la actitud frente a la vacuna contra COVID-19, compuesta por 2 secciones: Datos sociodemográficos, Actitud ante la Vacuna, esta última sección se estructura de tres subsecciones; Dimensión cognitiva, Dimensión subjetiva y Dimensión conductual, que integra las dos dimensiones. El instrumento tiene 25 ítems con opciones de respuestas cerradas en una escala tipo Likert. Resultados: La actitud hacia la vacuna contra SARS-CoV-2 es predominantemente negativa (52,7%) en la población guerrerense. Conclusión: La dimensión conductual podría considerarse un predictor de aceptación hacia la vacuna contra la COVID-19.
Introduction: Vaccines have become a promising solution to mitigate COVID-19. However, it faces important challenges, including people's attitude towards this new therapeutic. Objective: To determine the attitude of the inhabitants of the Guerrero State (Mexico) towards the vaccine to mitigate COVID-19. Materials and methods: Quantitative, non-experimental, descriptive, and cross-sectional research was conducted using a conglomerate-type sampling method. The sample included 296 people from the different regions of the State. The study included participants who were older than 18 years of age and expressed their desire to participate through the informed consent. Questionnaires in Google were used for data collection. The scale to determine the attitude towards COVID-19 vaccine contained two sections: sociodemographic data and attitude towards the vaccine. The last section was subdivided into cognitive, subjective, and behavioral (which includes cognitive and subjective) dimensions. The instrument had 25 items with closed answer options on a Likert-type scale. Results: The attitude towards the COVID-19 vaccine is predominantly negative (52.70%) in the population from Guerrero. Conclusions: The behavioral dimension could be considered a predictor of acceptance towards the COVID-19 vaccine.
Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Surveys and Questionnaires , SARS-CoV-2 , Population , Vaccines , Attitude , Data Collection , COVID-19 VaccinesABSTRACT
El Sistema de Notificación de Eventos Adversos de la FDA (FAERS por sus siglas en inglés), ha informado sobre ciertas reacciones ad- versas a las vacunas que de forma poco común se presentan, siendo los síntomas neurológicos los más frecuentes, como mareos, dolor de cabeza, neuralgias, espasmos musculares, mialgias y parestesias. CoronaVac-Sinovac® es una vacuna de virus completo químicamente inactivo para COVID-19, creada a partir de células renales de mono verde africano que han sido inoculadas con la cepa SARS-CoV-2 CZ02. Noventa jóvenes estudiantes voluntarios entre 20 y 30 años recibieron el esquema de inmunización en dos dosis con 50 días de diferencia. En el presente estudio se observaron síntomas secundarios a la primera y segunda dosis, empleando un instrumento de recolección de informa- ción referente al estado de salud previo y posterior a la administración de la primera y segunda dosis, enfocado a los efectos secundarios. Los resultados manifestaron como las sintomatologías más frecuentes: insomnio, cansancio, dolor en articulaciones, somnolencia y dolor localizado en zona de punción, siendo esta última la más frecuente, también se observó una asociación estrecha con el sexo, la edad y el índice de masa corporal. Son necesarios estudios con mayor número de población observada para establecer resultados concluyentes (AU)
The FAERS, FDA Adverse Event Reporting System, has reported certain adverse reactions to vaccines that may occur uncommonly, with neurological symptoms being the most frequent of this group, manifesting as dizziness, pain headache, neuralgia, muscle spasms, myalgia, and paraesthesia. CoronaVac-Sinovac® is a chemically inactive whole virus vaccine for COVID-19, created from African green monkey kidney cells that have been inoculated with the SARS-CoV-2 CZ02 strain. 90 young volunteer students between 20 and 30 years old received the immunization schedule in two doses 50 days apart, in the present study the symptoms secondary to the first and second dose were observed, using an instrument for collecting information regarding the health status before and after the administration of the first and second dose of vaccination, focused on side effects. The results showed as the most frequent symptoms: Insomnia, tiredness, joint pain, drowsiness and localized pain in the puncture area, the latter being the most frequent, a close association was also observed with sex, age, and body mass index. Studies with a larger number of observed populations are necessary to establish conclusive results (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Students, Dental , Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions , COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects , Data Collection , Immunization Schedule , SARS-CoV-2 , MexicoABSTRACT
Latinoamérica fue durante noviembre de 2020 una de las regiones más afectada por la pandemia de COVID-19 en cuanto a prevalencia y muertes atribuidas al virus. Por ello, el inicio de testeo de vacunas en ciudadanos de la región fue recibido con altas expectativas sobre su efectividad. Frente a lo cual es esencial tener en cuenta ciertos principios fundamentales que deben guiar este proceso asegurando su correcta implementación. El objetivo de este artículo es ofrecer consideraciones sobre el proceso de implementación de ensayos clínicos y acceso posensayo a vacunas para COVID-19 en Latinoamérica. En particular los relacionados con el respeto a la dignidad de los participantes, las tensiones históricas globales y regionales en materia de economía política de ensayos clínicos, algunos aspectos de la gobernanza global y el rol de la Organización Mundial de la Salud en la pandemia, y la necesidad de asegurar el acceso posensayo a la vacuna. Se concluye que la pandemia es una oportunidad para estrechar lazos de cooperación y solidaridad entre países latinoamericanos. Los ensayos clínicos son una instancia clave para reforzar la gobernanza local y regional con miras a fortalecer la transparencia y la vigilancia de la correcta realización de alianzas público-privadas en el desarrollo de terapias, en los que la Organización Mundial de la Salud y la Organización Panamericana de la Salud, tienen un rol importante para la implementación de estrategias de integración y acceso a vacunas(AU)
Latin America was during November 2020 one of the most affected regions by the COVID-19 pandemic in terms of prevalence and deaths attributed to the virus. Therefore, the start of vaccine testing in citizens of the region was received with high expectations about its effectiveness. Therefore, it is essential to take into account certain fundamental principles that should guide this process ensuring its correct implementation. The objective of this article is to provide considerations on the process of implementing clinical trials and post-trial access to COVID-19 vaccines in Latin America, in particular those related to respect for the dignity of participants, the historical global and regional tensions regarding the political economy of clinical trials, some aspects of global governance and the role of the World Health Organization in the pandemic, and the need to ensure post-trial access to the vaccine. It is concluded that the pandemic is an opportunity to strengthen bonds of cooperation and solidarity between Latin American countries. Clinical trials are a key instance to strengthen local and regional governance with a view to consolidate transparency and monitoring of the correct implementation of public-private partnerships in the development of therapies, in which the World Health Organization and the Pan American Health Organization have an important role for the implementation of integration strategies and access to vaccines(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Pan American Health Organization , World Health Organization , Clinical Trials as Topic , COVID-19 Vaccines , Latin America , Ethics, ResearchABSTRACT
Existen múltiples reportes de manifestaciones persistentes en pacientes que cursaron infecciones por SARS-CoV-2, independiente de su gravedad, configurando el síndrome de COVID-19 prolongado. No existe una definición consensuada de este síndrome, cuya patogenia pareciera ser multifactorial. Considerando las más de 500 millones de infecciones en todo el mundo, este síndrome pudiese incidir en una insospechada y prolongada carga sobre los sistemas sanitarios. Reportes recientes han asociado a la vacunación con esquema primario completo como una asociación protectora para el desarrollo de COVID-19 prolongado, transformándose en otro beneficio poblacional asociado a las vacunas.(AU)
There are multiple reports of persistent manifestations in patients who had SARS-CoV-2 infections, regardless of their severity, configuring the prolonged COVID-19 syndrome. There is no agreed definition of this syndrome whose pathogenesis seems to be multifactorial. Considering the more than 500 million infections worldwide, this syndrome could have an unsuspected and prolonged burden on health systems . Recent reports have associated vaccination with a complete primary schedule as a protective association with the development of prolonged COVID-19, becoming another population benefit associated with vaccines.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome/complications , Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome/physiopathology , COVID-19 Vaccines , Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome/classificationABSTRACT
A COVID-19 é a enfermidade causada pelo SARS-CoV-2, descrita em 2019, em Wuhan. Desde então, causou a morte de milhões de pessoas. A doença caracteriza-se entre sintomas gripais e gastrointestinais, podendo evoluir com gravidade. A importância de compreender como melhorar a eficácia da vacinação levou à investigação de fatores que podem influenciar a resposta imune. A prática de exercícios foi identificada como um fator que pode melhorar a função imunológica e, portanto, ser um potencial adjuvante para respostas imunes. O treinamento crônico, ou altos níveis de atividade física durante um período prolongado (mês/ anos) e, separadamente, o exercício agudo a realização de uma única sessão de exercício (minutos/horas), são dois segmentos relacionados à resposta imunológica ao exercício físico. O exercício agudo é conhecido por gerar efeitos de curto prazo sobre o sistema imune, mas parecem existir efeitos contrastantes entre sessões de exercícios moderados e exercícios prolongados. Na ausência de uma medicação profilática ou tratamento efetivo, a existência de vacinas e associação com a prática de exercícios, particularmente em populações em risco de disfunção imunológica, como idosos, deve ser estimulada. Assim, nesta revisão os autores buscam dissertar e hipotetizar sobre os efeitos do exercício nas respostas à vacinação. Enfim, a prática de exercícios se apresenta como adjuvante dos efeitos imunológicos sobre a vacinação, todavia, com o andamento da vacinação global para SARS-CoV-2, serão necessários estudos com acompanhamento regular para que possamos avaliar a correlação entre a atividade física e a resposta imunológica a estes imunizantes.
COVID-19 is a disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, which was first described in Wuhan in 2019. Since then, it has caused the death of millions of people. COVID-19 is characterized by flulike and gastrointestinal symptoms and may become severe. The importance of understanding how to improve vaccination effectiveness has led to the investigation of factors that may influence immune response. Exercise has been associated with improved immune function and, therefore, may be a potential adjuvant to vaccine-induced immune responses. Chronic training (high levels of physical activity over a prolonged period [months/ years]) or acute exercise alone (engaging in a single exercise session [minutes/hours)] are two segments related to the immune response to physical exercise. Acute exercise is known to have short-term effects on the immune system, but there seems to be contrasting effects between moderate exercise sessions and prolonged exercise. In the absence of prophylactic medication or effective treatment, vaccination plus exercise, particularly in populations at risk for immune dysfunction such as older adults, should be encouraged. Thus, in this review, we aimed to discuss and hypothesize the effects of exercise on vaccination responses. Exercise is presented as an adjuvant to improve the immunological effects of vaccination; however, as the COVID-19 vaccination advances worldwide, studies with regular monitoring will be necessary to evaluate the correlation between physical activity and the immune response to these vaccines.
Subject(s)
Humans , Exercise , Vaccination , COVID-19 Vaccines , SARS-CoV-2 , COVID-19 , Immunity , Signs and Symptoms , Therapeutics , Risk Factors , Allergy and Immunology , Immune SystemABSTRACT
O artigo aborda o primeiro relato de caso que associa o desenvolvimento de pitiríase liquenoide com a vacinação contra a COVID-19. Em uma revisão literária foram encontrados escassos estudos que associam a pitiríase liquenoide como reação a outras vacinas. O mecanismo de desenvolvimento da doença ainda não é bem conhecido. Sabe-se apenas que se trata de uma reação inflamatória imunomediada. O diagnóstico da pitiríase liquenoide é clínico e é considerado um desafio, devido ao grande número de diagnósticos diferenciais e das diferentes formas de apresentação da doença. Desse modo, a maioria dos casos exige amparo na biópsia e em exames laboratoriais. As opções terapêuticas podem incluir o uso de antibióticos e imunossupressores. Destaca-se ainda a efetividade da fototerapia como tratamento de escolha da pitiríase liquenoide, podendo proporcionar uma resolução quase que completa das lesões e não causar efeitos sistêmicos que outras terapias poderiam trazer.
This study addresses the first case report of pityriasis lichenoides development after COVID-19 vaccination. A literature review found few studies describing pityriasis lichenoides as an adverse reaction to other vaccines. Although it is an immune-mediated inflammatory response, the development mechanism of this disease remains not well known. The diagnosis of pityriasis lichenoides is clinical and is considered a challenge due to the considerable number of differential diagnoses and the different forms of presentation of the disease. Thus, most cases require confirmation by biopsy and laboratory tests. Therapeutic options may include the use of antibiotics and immunosuppressants. The effectiveness of phototherapy is also highlighted as the treatment of choice for pityriasis lichenoides, as it can promote an almost complete resolution of lesions without causing systemic effects, unlike other therapies.