Recommendations for the management of cardiovascular risk in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia on tyrosine kinase inhibitors: risk assessment, stratification, treatment and monitoring

ABSTRACT This manuscript summarizes the results of the consensus meeting composed of hematologists and cardiologists to establish recommendations for the prevention and follow-up of cardiovascular (CV) risk in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) treated with BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) from the point of view of clinical practice and from the perspective of hematology consultation.In the first medical appointment, the CV risk factors should be identified to perform the baseline risk stratification, based on the Brazilian Guideline of Dyslipidemia and Atherosclerosis Prevention Update (risk levels: very high, high, intermediate and low).Once stratified, the treatment of the CV risk factors should be administered. If the patient presents risk factors, such as hypertension, diabetes, renal disease, smoking and hypercholesterolemia, the evaluation and initial treatment may be done by the hematologist, being an option the request for evaluation by a specialist. If the patient has a history of previous CV disease, we recommend referral to a specialist. As the CV risk score is dynamic and the control of risk factors can reduce the patient risk, this expert consensus recommends that the re-evaluation of the CV risk after the baseline should be performed at 3 months, 6 months and 12 months. After this period, it should be done annually and, for specific patients, at the clinician's discretion.The evaluation of the baseline CV risk and the safe administration of a TKI allow the patient to benefit from the maximum treatment, avoiding unwanted effects.

Short-Term Effects of a Resistance Training Program Using Elastic Tubing in Patients with Heart Disease

Abstract Background Resistance training is effective in cardiac rehabilitation; however, it is conventionally performed using free weights or machines, which can pose logistic challenges to patients with restricted mobility. For its ease of access and cost-effectiveness, elastic tubing is a particularly appealing alternative, but it remains underutilized for this purpose. Objective To evaluate muscle strength, functional capacity, aerobic capacity, and quality of life in patients with heart disease in phase II of cardiovascular rehabilitation after a resistance training intervention based solely on elastic tubing. Methods Thirteen patients with heart disease (age 63.33±10.80 years) trained with elastic tubing twice weekly for 6 weeks, with progressive load increase every 15 days. The following muscle groups were evaluated and trained: shoulder abductors and flexors, elbow flexors, and knee flexors and extensors. Muscle strength was evaluated using a dynamometer; functional capacity, with a 6-minute walk test and cardiopulmonary exercise test; and quality of life, using the SF-36 questionnaire. Data normality was assessed using the Shapiro-Wilk test. The paired Student's t-test was used for comparisons before and after training, at a significance level of <5%. Results There were significant differences in muscle strength (except for elbow flexion) and functional capacity (485.5 ± 123.3 vs 578.7 ± 110.5; p=0.0399) after the intervention. No statistical differences were found in cardiorespiratory fitness or quality of life. Conclusions Short-term resistance training with elastic tubing improved peripheral muscle strength and functional capacity in patients with heart disease, and should be encouraged for this population. (Int J Cardiovasc Sci. 2020; xx(x):xxx-xxx)

Aromatherapy in Patients with Cardiovascular Diseases: A Systematic Review

Abstract Background Aromatherapy consists in the use of volatile aromatic compounds of plant essential oils. Application methods include massage, baths, and mainly inhalation. Lavender essential oil is considered the most effective treatment for emotional disorders, such as stress and anxiety, due to its anxiolytic and sedative agents, which are known to interfere with physiological cardiovascular reactions. Objectives To investigate the effects of aromatherapy using lavender essential oil on hemodynamic responses and emotional aspects of patients with cardiovascular diseases. Methods A systematic review was conducted using Embase, Bireme, MEDLINE, PEDro, and Scopus electronic databases. Randomized clinical trials that evaluated hemodynamic and emotional outcomes using interventions with lavender essential oil in patients with cardiovascular diseases were selected. Of 539 studies initially identified, 51 were read in full and only 5 were eligible for inclusion. Results Reductions were demonstrated in hemodynamic responses, such as systolic and diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, and heart rate, as well as a decrease in anxiety, depression, stress, and fatigue compared with the control group. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Conclusion: Aromatherapy with the use of lavender essential oil provided benefits to hemodynamic parameters, such as anxiety, stress, depression, and fatigue levels, in patients with cardiovascular diseases. (Int J Cardiovasc Sci. 2020; [online].ahead print, PP.0-0)

Burden of Outpatient Visits Attributable to Ambient Temperature in Qingdao, China / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

Climate change has been referred to as one of the greatest threats to human health, with reports citing likely increases in extreme meteorological events. In this study, we estimated the relationships between temperature and outpatients at a major hospital in Qingdao, China, during 2015-2017, and assessed the morbidity burden. The results showed that both low and high temperatures were associated with an increased risk of outpatient visits. High temperatures were responsible for more morbidity than low temperatures, with an attributed fraction (AF) of 16.86%. Most temperature-related burdens were attributed to moderate cold and hot temperatures, with AFs of 5.99% and 14.44%, respectively, with the young (0-17) and male showing greater susceptibility. The results suggest that governments should implement intervention measures to reduce the adverse effects of non-optimal temperatures on public health-especially in vulnerable groups.

Consideraciones para pacientes con enfermedades cardiovasculares durante la pandemia de la COVID-19 / Considerations for patients with cardiovascular diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic

La enfermedad infecciosa causada por el nuevo coronavirus-2019 (COVID-19), produce un síndrome respiratorio agudo con implicaciones significativas en el sistema cardiovascular tanto en los pacientes con enfermedad cardiovascular preexistente (ECV), que poseen un riesgo de empeoramiento de su enfermedad y muerte, como en los que la infección se ha asociado con múltiples complicaciones directas e indirectas cardiovasculares. Las complicaciones cardiovasculares asociadas con más frecuencia a esta entidad incluyen lesión aguda del miocardio, miocarditis, síndromes coronarios agudos, arritmias y tromboembolismo venoso. Por otra parte, las terapias empleadas para el tratamiento de la enfermedad por COVID-19 pueden tener interacciones medicamentosas con los fármacos cardiovasculares ensombreciendo el pronóstico de los pacientes. El artículo resalta las distintas recomendaciones expuestas por expertos en la literatura médica respecto a las complicaciones cardiovasculares relacionadas con el nuevo coronavirus (COVID-19)(AU)

The infectious disease caused by the new coronavirus-2019 (COVID-19), produces an acute respiratory syndrome with significant implications for the cardiovascular system both in patients with pre-existing cardiovascular disease (CVD), who have a risk of worsening their disease and death, such as those in which the infection has been associated with multiple direct and indirect cardiovascular complications. The cardiovascular complications most frequently associated with this entity include acute myocardial injury, myocarditis, acute coronary syndromes, arrhythmias, and venous thromboembolism. Furthermore, the therapies used to treat COVID-19 disease may have drug interactions with cardiovascular drugs, darkening the prognosis of the patients. The present work attempts to highlight the different recommendations made by experts in the medical literature regarding cardiovascular complications related to the new coronavirus (COVID-19)(AU)

Patologías del niño inmigrante en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos: actualización / Pathologies of the immigrant child in the Intensive Care Unit: update

Resumen: Cada vez es más frecuente la atención médica en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI) de niños o adolescentes inmigrantes como también de aquellos nacidos en nuestro país con padres en tal condición. Esto ha ocasionado, en la actualidad, que el equipo de salud se deba enfrentar con problemas diagnósticos derivados del escaso conocimiento de condiciones genéticas propias de esta población y/o el desarrollo de diversas patologías infrecuentes en nuestro país, algunas resultantes de su condi ción sanitaria. En esta revisión se abordan diversos aspectos de la patología hematológica, infecciosa, parasitaria, respiratoria y cardiovascular, todos tópicos relevantes de conocer durante su estadía en la UCI. Es un deber del equipo de salud actualizarse sobre patologías de baja prevalencia en nuestro país, algunas de ellas muy poco conocidas hasta hace una década, pero que, actualmente, están cada vez más presentes en las UCI del sistema de salud público chileno.

Abstract: It is increasingly common to provide medical care in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) for immigrant children and adolescents as well as those born in Chile with parents in such condition. Currently, this has caused that the health team has to face diverse infrequent pathologies in our country and/ or diagnostic problems derive from the poor knowledge of genetic conditions of this population, some resulting from their health conditions. This review addresses several aspects of hematological, infectious, parasitic, respiratory, and cardiovascular pathologies, all relevant topics to know during their stay in the ICU. It is a duty of the health team to be updated on pathologies of low prevalence in our country, some of them very little known until a decade ago, but which are currently increasingly present in the ICUs of the Chilean public health system.

O Coração e a COVID-19: O que o Cardiologista Precisa Saber / The Heart and COVID-19: What Cardiologists Need to Know

Resumo Frente à pandemia da doença causada pelo novo coronavírus (COVID-19), o manejo do paciente com fator de risco e/ou doença cardiovascular é desafiador nos dias de hoje. As complicações cardiovasculares evidenciadas nos pacientes com COVID-19 resultam de vários mecanismos, que vão desde lesão direta pelo vírus até complicações secundárias à resposta inflamatória e trombótica desencadeada pela infecção. O cuidado adequado do paciente com COVID-19 exige atenção ao sistema cardiovascular em busca de melhores desfechos.

Abstract In face of the pandemic of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the management of patients with cardiovascular risk factors and/or disease is challenging. The cardiovascular complications evidenced in patients with COVID-19 derive from several mechanisms, ranging from direct viral injury to complications secondary to the inflammatory and thrombotic responses to the infection. The proper care of patients with COVID-19 requires special attention to the cardiovascular system aimed at better outcomes.

Implante de marcapasos transitorio en una terapia intensiva municipal / Implantation of temporary pacemaker in a municipal intensive care unit

Introducción: Las bradi-arritmias son cardiopatías graves que ocasionan trastornos hemodinámicos severos; llevar al paciente a un gasto cardiaco normal puede implicar que se implante un marcapasos. Objetivo: Describir algunos aspectos clínicos y epidemiológicos de pacientes que recibieron la técnica de implantar un marcapasos. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal, con 36 pacientes que necesitaron marcapasos transitorio, ingresados en la unidad de cuidados intensivos del Hospital General Docente "Orlando Pantoja Tamayo" de Contramaestre, en el período desde octubre de 2015 hasta mayo de 2019. Las variables utilizadas fueron: grupo de edades y sexo, causas de arritmias y antecedentes patológicos personales, medicamentos más usados previos al ingreso, tiempo de uso del marcapasos transitorio y necesidad de implantación del permanente. Resultados: Predominó el sexo masculino y edades de 80 y más años, el trastorno de la conducción auriculoventricular más frecuente fue el bloqueo auriculoventricular de tercer grado; el tiempo promedio de uso de marcapaso transitorio fue entre 2 y 6 días. Conclusiones: La implantación precoz en esta entidad municipal mejoró notablemente la supervivencia de los pacientes(AU)

Introduction: Bradyarrhythmias are serious heart diseases that cause severe hemodynamic disorders. Bringing the patient to normal cardiac output may imply that a pacemaker be implanted. Objective: To describe some clinical and epidemiological aspects of patients who received the technique of implanting a pacemaker. Methods: A descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out with 36 patients who needed a temporary pacemaker, admitted to the intensive care unit of Orlando Pantoja Tamayo General Teaching Hospital in Contramaestrem, in the period from October 2015 to May 2019. The variables used were age group and sex, causes of arrhythmias, and personal pathological history, most used medications prior to admission, time of usage of the temporary pacemaker, and the need for permanent implantation. Results: The male sex and ages 80 and older predominated, the most frequent atrioventricular conduction disorder was the third-degree atrioventricular block. The average time of temporary pacemaker usage was between two and six days. Conclusions: Early implantation in this municipal institution significantly improved patient survival(AU)

Cardiopatía en el paciente anciano / Cardiovascular disease in the elderly

Las enfermedades cardiovasculares son muy frecuentes en la población anciana (pacientes mayores de 75 años). El enfrentamiento y manejo de ellas es distinto al indicado en pacientes jóvenes. Son escasos los estudios que incluyen población mayor de 75 años, con evidencia acerca de las diferencias que existen en la respuesta terapéutica en comparación al paciente joven. El anciano tiene mayor fragilidad y múltiples comorbilidades, con reserva cardiaca disminuida, lo que obliga a un manejo integral y acucioso. Los cambios propios de la edad repercuten tanto en riñón, cerebro, hígado, musculatura y corazón, lo que los hace pacientes más proclives a presentar complicaciones de la terapia farmacológica o intervencional. El objetivo de este artículo es resumir las recomendaciones sobre el manejo de las cardiopatías más frecuentes en el anciano, incluyendo insuficiencia cardiaca crónica, cardiopatía coronaria, hipertensión arterial, estenosis aórtica valvular y fibrilación auricular no valvular.

Cardiovascular diseases are very common in the elderly population, and their management is different. There are few studies that include population older than 75 years, with little evidence about the differences in the therapeutic response compared to the young patient. The elderly have greater fragility and multiple comorbidities, with diminished cardiac reserve, which requires a comprehensive and careful management. Changes due to advanced age, in kidney, brain, liver and musculature (among others), make them more vulnerable to complications of the pharmacological or interventional treatment. The objective of this article is to summarize the recommendations on the management of the most frequent heart diseases in the elderly, including chronic heart failure, coronary heart disease, arterial hypertension, valvular aortic stenosis, and non-valvular atrial fibrillation.

Extractos de los documentos de posicionamientos y recomendaciones mexicanas en enfermedades cardiovasculares y COVID-19 / Excerpts from the documents of Mexican positions and recommendations in cardiovascular diseases and COVID-19

Resumen Se presentan las recomendaciones en las cuales la Sociedad Mexicana de Cardiología (SMC) en conjunto con la Asociación Nacional de Cardiólogos de México (ANCAM), así como diferentes asociaciones médicas mexicanas vinculadas con la cardiología, después de una revisión y análisis exhaustivo y consensuado sobre los tópicos relacionados con las enfermedades cardiovasculares en la pandemia de COVID-19, se analizan posturas científicas y se dan recomendaciones responsables sobre medidas generales a los pacientes, con cuidados personales, alimentación saludable, actividad física regular, acciones en caso de paro cardiorrespiratorio, la protección del paciente y del personal de salud así como las indicaciones precisas en el uso de la imagen cardiovascular no invasiva, la prescripción de medicamentos, cuidados en tópicos específicos como en la hipertensión arterial sistémica, insuficiencia cardiaca, arritmias y síndromes coronarios agudos, además de hacer énfasis en los procedimientos de electrofisiología, intervencionismo, cirugía cardiaca y en la rehabilitación cardiaca. El interés principal es brindar a la comunidad médica una orientación general sobre el quehacer en la práctica cotidiana y pacientes con enfermedades cardiovasculares en el escenario esta crisis epidemiológica sin precedentes de COVID-19.

Abstract The recommendations in which the Mexican Society of Cardiology (SMC) in conjunction with the National Association of Cardiologists of Mexico (ANCAM) as well as different Mexican medical associations linked to cardiology are presented, after a comprehensive and consensual review and analysis of the topics related to cardiovascular diseases in the COVID-19 pandemic. Scientific positions are analyzed and responsible recommendations on general measures are given to patients, with personal care, healthy eating, regular physical activity, actions in case of cardio-respiratory arrest, protection of the patient and health personnel as well as precise indications in the use of non-invasive cardiovascular imaging, prescription of medications, care in specific topics such as systemic arterial hypertension, heart failure, arrhythmias and acute coronary syndromes, in addition to emphasizing electrophysiology, interventionism, cardiac surgery and in cardiac rehabilitation. The main interest is to provide the medical community with a general orientation on what to do in daily practice and patients with cardiovascular diseases in the setting of this unprecedented epidemiological crisis of COVID-19.

Telemedicina como instrumento de consulta cardiológica durante la pandemia COVID-19 / Telemedicine as an instrument for cardiological consultation during the COVID-19 pandemic

Resumen La telemedicina es una herramienta subutilizada en nuestros sistemas de atención sanitaria. Se trata de un recurso tecnológico que optimiza los servicios de salud, ahorra recursos, expande la capacidad de atención especializada a lugares remotos, descongestiona servicios médicos tradicionales y es un instrumento invaluable de enseñanza e investigación. La pandemia por COVID-19 nos obliga a extender su uso y supone una oportunidad para diseñar una adecuada implementación.

Abstract Telemedicine is an underused instrument along our healthcare systems. It´s a technological tool that optimizes resources, save money, expands our capacities, decongests our traditional medical services and is an invaluable help for teaching and research. The COVID-19 pandemic is forcing us to expand its use and it gives us the opportunity to design an appropriate implementation.

Recomendaciones para la atención de pacientes con diabetes mellitus con factores de riesgo o enfermedad cardiovascular establecida y SARS-CoV-2 / Recommendations for the care of patients with diabetes mellitus with risk factors or established cardiovascular disease and SARS-CoV-2

Resumen Se realiza una revisión sobre el riesgo de los pacientes que padecen diabetes mellitus en el contexto de morbimortalidad general y relacionada a infección por el coronavirus 2 del síndrome respiratorio agudo grave (SARS-CoV-2). Así mismo se repasan las recomendaciones generales, de alimentación y de la prevención de las comorbilidades que más frecuentemente padecen dichos enfermos. Finalmente se hace una revisión de las recomendaciones farmacológicas sobre el tratamiento tanto oral como parenteral en el paciente ambulatorio, en la hospitalización y en estados críticos infectados por el SARS-CoV-2.

Abstract A review is carried out to examine the risk of patients suffering from diabetes mellitus in the context of general morbidity and mortality and related to infection by SARS-CoV-2. Likewise, the general recommendations for food and the prevention of comorbidities that most these patients suffer most frequently are also studied. Finally, a review of the pharmacological recommendations on both oral and parenteral treatment in the outpatient, in hospitalization and in critical states infected with SARS-CoV-2 is made.

Recomendaciones para la atención de pacientes con insuficiencia cardiaca y COVID-19 / Recommendations for the care of patients with heart failure and COVID-19

Resumen La pandemia por COVID-19 decretada por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) desde el 12 de marzo de 2020 está produciendo estragos a nivel mundial y es un verdadero reto económico, social y sanitario. Aunque las manifestaciones clínicas del COVID-19 son síntomas respiratorios, algunos pacientes también tienen síntomas cardiológicos. Dentro de los pacientes con afecciones cardiológicas2 suponen un grupo de mayor riesgo y que de hecho son un grupo especialmente vulnerable, por su mayor riesgo de contagio y mayor gravedad en caso de adquirir la enfermedad1 aquellos con insuficiencia cardiaca (IC), incluyendo al trasplante cardiaco (TC) y las asistencias ventriculares, así como los pacientes con hipertensión arterial pulmonar (HAP). La IC es la principal patología cardiovascular crónica y los pacientes en este grupo son los más vulnerables para el desarrollo de cuadros clínicos más graves tras sufrir la infección, y en mayor medida los casos con IC avanzada3. De hecho, la IC es unas de las complicaciones más frecuentes en los pacientes con COVID-194. De igual forma, los pacientes trasplantados que requieren de los inmunosupresores para evitar el rechazo del injerto, constituyen una población especialmente susceptible a la infección y a desarrollar procesos más graves. Esta situación ha hecho que la Asociación Nacional de Cardiólogos de México (ANCAM) y la Sociedad Mexicana de Cardiología (SMC) junto con sus respectivos capítulos, hayan elaborado las siguientes recomendaciones para el personal médico, que participa en la atención de este grupo especial de pacientes en los diferentes escenarios clínicos, que padezcan o no, COVID-19.

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic decreed by the World Health Organization (WHO) since March 12, 2020 is wreaking havoc globally and it is a true economic, social and health challenge. Although the clinical manifestations of COVID-19 are respiratory symptoms, some patients also have cardiological symptoms. Among patients with cardiological conditions2 they represent a group of higher risk and, in fact, they are a particularly vulnerable group, due to their higher risk of contagion and greater severity in case of acquiring the disease1 those with heart failure (HF), including heart transplant (CT) and ventricular assists, as well as patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). HF is the main chronic cardiovascular disease and patients in this group are the most vulnerable for the development of more serious clinical symptoms after suffering the infection, and to a greater extent cases with advanced HF3. In fact, HF is one of the most frequent complications in patients with COVID-194. Likewise, transplant patients who require immunosuppressants to avoid graft rejection, constitute a population especially susceptible to infection and to develop more serious processes. This situation has made the National Association of Cardiologists of Mexico (ANCAM) and the Mexican Society of Cardiology (SMC) together with their respective chapters, have prepared the following recommendations for medical personnel, who participate in the care of this special group of patients in the different clinical settings, who suffer or not, of COVID-19.

Tecnologias educativas direcionadas à cardiopatas / Educational technologies for cardiopathy / Tecnologías educativas dirigidas a las cardiopatas

Objetivo: identificar as tecnologias utilizadas por enfermeiros no processo educativo de pessoas com cardiopatia no ambiente hospitalar. Método: trata-se de uma revisão integrativa realizada nas bases de dados virtuais Pubmed, Scielo e Lilacs. Foram selecionados dez publicações e ao final, foi realizado uma análise dos estudos selecionados a fim de identificar sua relevância e aplicabilidade. Resultados: verifica-se a grande diversidade de tecnologias elaboradas e implementadas, variando entre programas educativos com a utilização de vídeos, questionários e instrumentos, programas de rastreamento, de acompanhamento após alta hospitalar, encontros grupais e momentos educativos direcionados aos pacientes no ambiente da pesquisa. Conclusão: foi identificado uma grande variedade de tecnologias utilizadas por enfermeiros no processo educativo de pessoas com cardiopatia no ambiente hospitalar, o que contribui para diminuição do tempo de internação hospitalar, menores índices de reinternações e reincidências por Doenças Cardiovasculares, atuando ainda na reabilitação cardiovascular do paciente

Objective: to identify the technologies used by nurses in the educational process of people with heart disease in the hospital environment. Method: it is an integrative review carried out in the virtual databases Pubmed, Scielo and Lilacs. Ten publications were selected and at the end, an analysis of the selected studies was carried out to identify their relevance and applicability. Results: there is a great diversity of technologies developed and implemented, varying between educational programs with the use of videos, questionnaires and instruments, tracking programs, follow-up after hospital discharge, group meetings and educational moments directed to patients in the research environment. Conclusion: a great variety of technologies used by nurses in the educational process of people with cardiopathy in the hospital environment was identified, which contributes to a reduction in hospitalization time, lower readmissions and recidivism rates for Cardiovascular Diseases, and also to cardiovascular rehabilitation patient

Objetivo: identificar las tecnologías utilizadas por enfermeros en el proceso educativo de personas con cardiopatía en el ambiente hospitalario. Método: se trata de una revisión integrativa realizada en las bases de datos virtuales Pubmed, Scielo y Lilacs. Se seleccionaron diez publicaciones y al final se realizó un análisis de los estudios seleccionados para identificar su relevancia y aplicabilidad. Resultados: se verifica la gran diversidad de tecnologías elaboradas e implementadas, variando entre programas educativos con la utilización de videos, cuestionarios e instrumentos, programas de rastreo, de seguimiento tras alta hospitalaria, encuentros grupales y momentos educativos dirigidos a los pacientes en el ambiente de la investigación. Conclusión: se identificó una gran variedad de tecnologías utilizadas por enfermeros en el proceso educativo de personas con cardiopatía en el ambiente hospitalario, lo que contribuye a disminuir el tiempo de internación hospitalaria, menores índices de reinternaciones y reincidencias por Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, actuando aún en la rehabilitación cardiovascular del paciente paciente

Clinical characteristics and outcomes of 112 cardiovascular disease patients infected by 2019-nCoV / 中华心血管病杂志

Objective: To explore the clinical characteristics and prognosis of the new coronavirus 2019-nCoV patients combined with cardiovascular disease （CVD). Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on 112 COVID-19 patients with CVD admitted to the western district of Union Hospital in Wuhan, from January 20, 2020 to February 15, 2020. They were divided into critical group (ICU, n=16) and general group (n=96) according to the severity of the disease and patients were followed up to the clinical endpoint. The observation indicators included total blood count, C-reactive protein (CRP), arterial blood gas analysis, myocardial injury markers, coagulation function, liver and kidney function, electrolyte, procalcitonin (PCT), B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), blood lipid, pulmonary CT and pathogen detection. Results: Compared with the general group, the lymphocyte count (0.74 (0.34, 0.94)×109/L vs. 0.99 (0.71, 1.29)×109/L, P=0.03) was extremely lower in the critical group, CRP (106.98 (81.57, 135.76) mg/L vs. 34.34 (9.55,76.54) mg/L, P<0.001) and PCT (0.20 (0.15,0.48) μg/L vs. 0.11 (0.06,0.20) μg/L, P<0.001) were significantly higher in the critical group. The BMI of the critical group was significantly higher than that of the general group (25.5 (23.0, 27.5) kg/m2 vs. 22.0 (20.0, 24.0) kg/m2，P=0.003). Patients were further divided into non-survivor group (17, 15.18%) group and survivor group (95, 84.82%). Among the non-survivors, there were 88.24% (15/17) patients with BMI> 25.0 kg/m2, which was significantly higher than that of survivors (18.95% (18/95), P<0.001). Compared with the survived patients, oxygenation index (130 (102, 415) vs. 434 (410, 444), P<0.001) was significantly lower and lactic acid (1.70 (1.30, 3.00) mmol/L vs. 1.20 (1.10, 1.60) mmol/L, P<0.001) was significantly higher in the non-survivors. There was no significant difference in the proportion of ACEI/ARB medication between the critical group and the general group or between non-survivors and survivors （all P>0.05). Conclusion: COVID-19 patients combined with CVD are associated with a higher risk of mortality. Critical patients are characterized with lower lymphocyte counts. Higher BMI are more often seen in critical patients and non-survivor. ACEI/ARB use does not affect the morbidity and mortality of COVID-19 combined with CVD. Aggravating causes of death include fulminant inflammation, lactic acid accumulation and thrombotic events.