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1.
Rev. ADM ; 81(1): 21-25, ene.-feb. 2024. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1556112

ABSTRACT

Introducción: el control de cavidades sin restauración (NRCC, por sus siglas en inglés), es una opción de tratamiento conservador y no invasivo para dentina cariosa, sobre todo en dentición temporal. Una de las estrategias del NRCC es la remineralización. El fluoruro de estaño (FDE) puede considerarse, como una opción viable ya que existe evidencia de su eficacia cariostática. Objetivo: valorar al FDE como remineralizante alternativo en dentina de molares temporales, asociado al NRCC. Material y métodos: se efectuó un estudio clínico, epidemiológico, y descriptivo con preescolares voluntarios de 3 a 5 años de edad con consentimiento firmado de participación en el estudio, y que presentaron molares con ICDAS 5 y 6. La aplicación del FDE a 0.8%, la evaluación de la dureza de la dentina con los criterios de Nyvad, y el diagnóstico del estado pulpar, la efectuó un operador entrenado para esta finalidad. Se aplicó un análisis estadístico descriptivo y uno no paramétrico. Resultados: el efecto cariostático producido por el FDE a 0.8%, sobre dentina afectada de molares temporales de niños mexicanos fue estadísticamente significativo durante cinco meses. Conclusiones: la aplicación de fluoruro de estaño puede considerarse como una alternativa de tratamiento cariostático asociado al NRCC para niños de 3 a 5 años de edad (AU)


Introduction: nonrestorative cavity control (NRCC), is a conservative and non-invasive treatment option for carious dentin, especially in primary dentition. One of the NRCC strategies is remineralization. Stannous Fluoride (SDF) can be considered as a viable option since there is evidence of its cariostatic efficacy. Objective: to evaluate FDE as an alternative remineralizing agent in the dentin of primary molars, associated with NRCC. Material and methods: a clinical, epidemiological, and descriptive study was carried out with preschool volunteers aged 3 to 5 years with signed consent to participate in the study, and who presented molars with ICDAS 5 and 6. The application of FDE at 0.8%, the evaluation of dentin hardness with the Nyvad criteria, and the diagnosis of pulp status, was carried out by an operator trained for this purpose. A descriptive and non-parametric statistical analysis was applied. Results: the cariostatic effect produced by 0.8% FDE on affected dentin of primary molars of Mexican children was statistically significant for five months. Conclusions: the application of stannous fluoride can be considered as an alternative cariostatic treatment associated with NRCC for children 3 to 5 years of age (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Tin Fluorides/therapeutic use , Tooth, Deciduous/drug effects , Dental Caries/therapy , Cariostatic Agents/therapeutic use , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Longitudinal Studies , Dental Enamel/drug effects , Dentin/drug effects , Conservative Treatment/methods
2.
São Paulo; s.n; 20240222. 126 p.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-1531658

ABSTRACT

O uso do diamino fluoreto de prata (DFP) em lesões não fracamente cavitadas raramente é investigado. Esta dissertação apresenta resultados de um ensaio clínico controlado randomizado (ECR) delineado para avaliar se o DFP seria uma opção eficaz ao verniz fluoretado no tratamento dessas lesões na superfície oclusal de molares decíduos (NCT02789202). Além disso, trouxemos os resultados de uma revisão sistemática com meta-análise (CRD42020186245) sobre a percepção de responsáveis em relação ao uso do DFP e os resultado do ensaio sobre a aceitação deles ao tratamento de lesões de cárie não francamente cavitadas com DFP em crianças. No Capítulo 1, 109 crianças de 1 a 4 anos com pelo menos uma lesão de cárie ativa (ICDAS 1 a 3) em molares decíduos foram randomizadas em DFP e verniz fluoretado e acompanhadas por 24 meses. Análises por intenção de tratar adotando regressão logística multinível e regressão de Cox com fragilidade compartilhada foram realizadas. 309 molares foram incluídos e 239 reavaliados. DFP preveniu mais progressão (91%) do que o verniz (81%). As lesões tratadas com DFP apresentaram, em media, 69% menos chance de progressão quando o modelo foi ajustado pela severidade (lesões iniciais vs microcavitadas). A progressão demorou mais para ocorrer no grupo do DFP. Para o Capítulo 2, foi realizada uma busca nas bases de dados MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase e Open Grey até maio de 2020. Foram incluídos ECR, estudos clínicos não randomizados e estudos observacionais que avaliaram a percepção de responsáveis sobre compostos de prata no tratamento de lesões de cárie. O risco de viés foi avaliado utilizando uma ferramenta específica para estudos de atitutes e práticas. Para a meta-análise, os estudos foram separados considerando se os entrevistados receberam o DFP como tratamento de seus filhos ou não e se foram obtidos quanto a satisfação geral ou quanto, especificamente, a descoloração. Análises de subgrupo e meta-regressão foram realizadas para avaliar a influência de variáveis associadas ao instrumento na percepção e explorar possíveis fontes de heterogeneidade. 19 estudos foram incluídos na revisão sistemática e 12 na metaanálise. A aceitação geral do tratamento foi de moderada a bem aceita (26.9% a 100%) e variou de acordo com a metodologia utilizada. Em geral, responsáveis responderam mais positivamente quando a criança recebeu o tratamento (90%) do que quando a aplicação foi mostrada com uma foto (59%). Por fim, avaliou-se a percepção dos responsáveis sobre a saúde e estética em crianças que tiveram lesões em esmalte tratadas com DFP (Capítulo 3). Crianças incluídas em três ECR que tiveram as lesões em esmalte tratadas com DFP ou não foram consideradas. Um questionário padrão foi utilizado. Primeiramente, avaliamos a percepção geral e, em seguida, focada nos dentes tratados. Análise multiníveis foram realizadas para comparar a percepção de responsáveis de crianças tratadas vs não tratadas com DFP. Os níveis foram definidos conforme o dente e a criança/responsável. O tratamento com DFP não afetou a percepção geral dos responsáveis sobre as condições estética e de saúde bucal relacionadas a criança (85%). No entanto, quando a avaliação foi focada no dente tratado, a percepção naquelas crianças que receberam tratamento com DFP foi pior do que naquelas que não receberam. Concluindo, o DFP é uma opção eficaz no controle de lesões de cárie não francamente cavitadas. Além disso, geralmente, parece ser aceito de maneira adequada pelos cuidadores. No entanto, um padrão diferente de aceitação é observada quando destacamos o dente tratado, mostrando que a educação/informação é uma questão importante na indicação desse tratamento em crianças.


Subject(s)
Cariostatic Agents , Efficacy , Pediatric Dentistry , Dental Caries
3.
Pesqui. bras. odontopediatria clín. integr ; 24: e230051, 2024. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-1558652

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective: To summarize data of clinical trials that used silver diamine fluoride (SDF) to prevent and treat caries lesions and dentinal hypersensitivity. Material and Methods: Six electronic databases were searched in May 2022. The concentration of SDF, type of usage (alone/combined), dentition, anterior/posterior teeth, tooth region, dental tissue, number of the treated surfaces, the intervention environment, participants' age, frequency and duration of SDF application, purpose, and outcome were the extracted variables. The type of study, year of publication, authors, journals, and country were also investigated. Results: From 8860 articles, S3 were selected. Most were randomized (n=38), that applied 38% SDF (n=43), alone (n=44), on multiple surfaces (n=44), only in dentin (n=36), of the crown (n=46) of anterior and posterior (n=36) primary teeth (n=39). The studies were preferably carried out outside the clinic (n=3l), only in children (n=33), with reapplication of SDF (n=30), but did not inform the duration of application (n= 19). SDF was most used to treat (n=46) only caries lesions (n=50). They were published between 2001 and 2022, mainly in the Journal of Dentistry (n=10). China (n=19) and Lo E.GM (n=19) were the countries and authors that published the most, respectively. Conclusion: The silver diamine fluoride 38% alone was most used to treat caries lesions in the dentin of the crown of all primary teeth, preferably applied on multiple surfaces, requiring re application, and outside the clinic.


Subject(s)
Cariostatic Agents/chemistry , Dentin Sensitivity/etiology , Dental Caries/etiology , Data Mining
4.
Rev. Cient. CRO-RJ (Online) ; 8(1): 58-64, Jan.-Apr 2023.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-1512087

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: relatar o uso do diamino fluoreto de prata (DFP) para tratamento da cárie na primeira infância em paciente não colaboradora de 3 anos. Relato do caso: ao exame clínico inicial, realizado com auxílio da estabilização protetora, notou-se que a paciente estava na fase de dentição decídua, possuía excessivo acúmulo de biofilme visível, sem sensibilidade ou qualquer outro sintoma, porém apresentando múltiplas lesões de cárie ativas em todos os dentes, exceto nos incisivos inferiores. Optou-se pelo uso do DFP 30% (Cariestop®) para o tratamento das lesões de cárie e também como alternativa para o manejo do comportamento, que foi classificado usando a Escala Comportamental de Frankl. Já na consulta inicial foi realizada a primeira aplicação, durante 2 minutos, diretamente sobre as lesões cavitadas em dentina dos dentes do hemiarco superior esquerdo, após profilaxia dentária prévia. Na segunda consulta, foi realizada a aplicação do produto nas lesões do hemiarco superior direito, enquanto no terceiro atendimento foi aplicado o DFP nos molares e caninos inferiores. Em todas as consultas foi realizada instrução de higiene bucal e de dieta com a responsável. Resultados: no decorrer do tratamento a paciente apresentou expressiva melhora no comportamento, que havia sido definitivamente negativo na primeira consulta. Ela sentou-se sozinha na cadeira e não precisou da estabilização protetora na última consulta, apresentando comportamento positivo. Verificou-se também a paralisação das lesões de cárie em decorrência do uso do DFP. Conclusão: o uso de DFP para tratamento de lesões cavitadas de cárie em pacientes não colaboradores foi considerado uma estratégia eficaz tanto para paralisação das lesões quanto para auxílio no condicionamento do comportamento.


Objective: to report the use of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) for the treatment of caries in early childhood in a 3-year-old non-collaborating patient. Case report: at the initial clinical examination, performed with protective stabilization, it was verified that the patient was in the primary dentition period, had excessive accumulation of visible biofilm, no dental sensibility or any other symptom, but had multiple active caries lesions in all teeth except the lower incisors. It was decided to use SDF 30% (Cariestop®) for the treatment of caries lesions and also as an alternative for managing behavior, which was classified using the Frankl Behavioral Scale. In the initial consultation, the first application was performed, for 2 minutes, directly on the dentin cavitated lesions of the teeth of the upper left hemiarch, after previous dental prophylaxis. In the second appointment, the product was applied into the lesions on the upper right hemiarch, while in the third visit, the SDF was applied to the lower molars and canines. In all consultations, instructions on oral hygiene and diet were given to the guardian. Results: during the treatment, the patient showed a significant improvement in behavior, which had been definitely negative in the first consultation. She sat alone in the dental chair and did not need protective stabilization at her last visit, showing positive behavior. There was also an arrest of carious lesions due to the use of DFP. Conclusion: The use of SDF for the treatment of cavitated carious lesions in non- collaborating patients was considered an effective strategy both for arresting the lesions and for improving the condition behavior.


Subject(s)
Female , Child, Preschool , Dental Caries , Cariostatic Agents , Behavior Control
5.
São Paulo; s.n; 20220601. 126 p.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-1370746

ABSTRACT

O uso do diamino fluoreto de prata (DFP) em lesões não fracamente cavitadas raramente é investigado. Esta dissertação apresenta resultados de um ensaio clínico controlado randomizado (ECR) delineado para avaliar se o DFP seria uma opção eficaz ao verniz fluoretado no tratamento dessas lesões na superfície oclusal de molares decíduos (NCT02789202). Além disso, trouxemos os resultados de uma revisão sistemática com meta-análise (CRD42020186245) sobre a percepção de responsáveis em relação ao uso do DFP e os resultado do ensaio sobre a aceitação deles ao tratamento de lesões de cárie não francamente cavitadas com DFP em crianças. No Capítulo 1, 109 crianças de 1 a 4 anos com pelo menos uma lesão de cárie ativa (ICDAS 1 a 3) em molares decíduos foram randomizadas em DFP e verniz fluoretado e acompanhadas por 24 meses. Análises por intenção de tratar adotando regressão logística multinível e regressão de Cox com fragilidade compartilhada foram realizadas. 309 molares foram incluídos e 239 reavaliados. DFP preveniu mais progressão (91%) do que o verniz (81%). As lesões tratadas com DFP apresentaram, em media, 69% menos chance de progressão quando o modelo foi ajustado pela severidade (lesões iniciais vs microcavitadas). A progressão demorou mais para ocorrer no grupo do DFP. Para o Capítulo 2, foi realizada uma busca nas bases de dados MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase e Open Grey até maio de 2020. Foram incluídos ECR, estudos clínicos não randomizados e estudos observacionais que avaliaram a percepção de responsáveis sobre compostos de prata no tratamento de lesões de cárie. O risco de viés foi avaliado utilizando uma ferramenta específica para estudos de atitutes e práticas. Para a meta-análise, os estudos foram separados considerando se os entrevistados receberam o DFP como tratamento de seus filhos ou não e se foram obtidos quanto a satisfação geral ou quanto, especificamente, a descoloração. Análises de subgrupo e meta-regressão foram realizadas para avaliar a influência de variáveis associadas ao instrumento na percepção e explorar possíveis fontes de heterogeneidade. 19 estudos foram incluídos na revisão sistemática e 12 na metaanálise. A aceitação geral do tratamento foi de moderada a bem aceita (26.9% a 100%) e variou de acordo com a metodologia utilizada. Em geral, responsáveis responderam mais positivamente quando a criança recebeu o tratamento (90%) do que quando a aplicação foi mostrada com uma foto (59%). Por fim, avaliou-se a percepção dos responsáveis sobre a saúde e estética em crianças que tiveram lesões em esmalte tratadas com DFP (Capítulo 3). Crianças incluídas em três ECR que tiveram as lesões em esmalte tratadas com DFP ou não foram consideradas. Um questionário padrão foi utilizado. Primeiramente, avaliamos a percepção geral e, em seguida, focada nos dentes tratados. Análise multiníveis foram realizadas para comparar a percepção de responsáveis de crianças tratadas vs não tratadas com DFP. Os níveis foram definidos conforme o dente e a criança/responsável. O tratamento com DFP não afetou a percepção geral dos responsáveis sobre as condições estética e de saúde bucal relacionadas a criança (85%). No entanto, quando a avaliação foi focada no dente tratado, a percepção naquelas crianças que receberam tratamento com DFP foi pior do que naquelas que não receberam. Concluindo, o DFP é uma opção eficaz no controle de lesões de cárie não francamente cavitadas. Além disso, geralmente, parece ser aceito de maneira adequada pelos cuidadores. No entanto, um padrão diferente de aceitação é observada quando destacamos o dente tratado, mostrando que a educação/informação é uma questão importante na indicação desse tratamento em crianças.


Subject(s)
Cariostatic Agents , Efficacy , Pediatric Dentistry , Dental Caries
6.
Pesqui. bras. odontopediatria clín. integr ; 22: e210112, 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-1386810

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) in arresting dentin caries lesions when applied under different concentrations and times. Material and Methods: Forty-two bovine blocks were selected and fixed in 24-well plates. Each well received a mixed bacterial inoculum added to the culture medium with 5% sucrose. The plates were incubated in microaerophilia (7 days) for caries formation, confirmed by micro-CT (M1). SDF was applied over the carious lesions for different times and concentrations (n=6): SDF 30% - immediate removal, 1 minute and 3 minutes; SDF 38%, - immediate removal, 1 minute and 3 minutes. The group without treatment was the control. Then, the samples were again scanned by micro-CT (M2) and submitted to a second cariogenic challenge for 21 days. Then, a final scan was performed (M3). Results: Mean pH at the culture medium and lesion depth were compared using Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon tests. 38% SDF showed the lowest metabolic activity of the biofilm. All 38% groups and 30% 1 and 3 minutes did not show an increase in mean lesion depth comparing M3 with M1. However, only 30% 3 minutes and 38% 1 and 3 minutes showed a significant reduction of lesion depth. Conclusion: The minimum application time of 30% SDF to arrest dentin caries lesion was 1 minute, while 38% SDF arrested with application and immediate removal.


Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Tooth Remineralization , Cariostatic Agents/therapeutic use , Dental Caries/epidemiology , Dentin , Diamines/chemistry , Fluorides/chemistry , Silver/therapeutic use , In Vitro Techniques/methods , Longitudinal Studies , Statistics, Nonparametric , Biofilms , X-Ray Microtomography/instrumentation
7.
Rev. saúde pública (Online) ; 56: 1-10, 2022. tab, graf
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-1365956

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To determine the anticaries potential of toothpastes distributed by the primary health care public clinics (UBS) of Manaus, AM. METHODS Ninety-nine tubes of toothpaste from four commercial brands were collected from October 7, 2019 to October 11, 2019 in 16 UBS. They were assigned a code by brand and source UBS. According to the information on the packaging, the four brands and their batches were formulated with sodium monofluorophosphate (Na2FPO3) and most (91%) had calcium carbonate (CaCO3) as an abrasive. We determined the concentrations of total fluoride (TF = TSF + InsF) and total soluble fluoride (TSF = F ions- or FPO32-), to certify whether they were in compliance with resolution ANVISA RDC No. 530 (maximum of 1,500 ppm TF) and whether they had anticaries potential (minimum of 1,000 ppm TSF). The analyses were performed with a ion- specific electrode. RESULTS The concentrations (ppm F) of TF [mean; standard deviation (SD); n] found in toothpaste brands A (1,502.3; SD = 45.6; n = 33), B (1,135.5; SD = 52.7; n = 48) and D (936.8; SD = 20.5; N = 8) were close to those stated on the package, 1,500, 1,100 and 1,000 ppm F, respectively. In toothpaste C, we found a mean of 274.1 ppm (SD = 219.7; n = 10) of TF, which diverges from the declared concentration of 1,500 ppm F. In addition, the five tubes of lot no. 11681118 of toothpaste C did not contain fluoride. Regarding TSF, with the exception of toothpaste D (937.9; SD = 40.29), the others had a lower concentration than their respective TF. CONCLUSION We found serious problems of quantity and quality of fluoride in toothpaste distributed by the SUS in Manaus, which shows the need for surveillance of these products and confirms the urgency of revising resolution RDC No. 530.


RESUMO OBJETIVO Determinar o potencial anticárie dos dentifrícios distribuídos pelas unidades básicas de saúde (UBS) de Manaus-AM. MÉTODOS Noventa e nove bisnagas de dentifrícios de quatro marcas comerciais foram coletadas de 7 de outubro de 2019 a 11 de outubro de 2019 em 16 UBS, que foram codificados por marca e UBS de origem. De acordo com a embalagem, os dentifrícios das quatro marcas e seus lotes foram formulados com monofluorofosfato de sódio (Na2FPO3) e a maioria (91%) tinha carbonato de cálcio (CaCO3) como abrasivo. Foram determinadas as concentrações de fluoreto total (FT = FST + Fins) e de fluoreto solúvel total (FST = íons F- ou FPO32-), para certificar se atendiam à resolução ANVISA RDC Nº 530 (máximo de 1.500 ppm de FT) e se tinham potencial anticárie (mínimo de 1.000 ppm de FST). As análises foram feitas com eletrodo íon específico. RESULTADOS As concentrações (ppm F) de FT [média; desvio padrão (DP); n] encontradas nos dentifrícios A (1.502,3; DP = 45,6; n = 33), B (1.135,5; DP = 52,7; n = 48) e D (936,8; DP = 20,5; n = 8) foram próximas ao descrito na embalagem, 1.500, 1.100 e 1.000 ppm F, respectivamente. No dentifrício C, foi encontrada média de 274,1 ppm (DP = 219,7; n = 10) de FT, divergindo da concentração declarada de 1.500 ppm F. Em acréscimo, as cinco bisnagas do lote no 11681118 do dentifrício C não foram fluoretadas. Quanto ao FST, à exceção do dentifrício D (937,9; DP = 40,29), os demais apresentaram concentração inferior ao seu respectivo FT. CONCLUSÃO Observou-se problemas graves de quantidade e qualidade do fluoreto nos dentifrícios distribuídos pelo SUS em Manaus, mostrando a necessidade de vigilância desses produtos e ratificando a urgência da revisão da resolução ANVISA RDC Nº 530.


Subject(s)
Humans , Toothpastes/analysis , Fluorides/analysis , Brazil , Cariostatic Agents/analysis
8.
Araçatuba; s.n; 2022. 87 p. tab, graf.
Thesis in English | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-1562906

ABSTRACT

O presente estudo avaliou o efeito do sal fluoretado como uma medida comunitária preventiva na prevalência de cárie dentária e fluorose dentária. Foram realizadas pesquisas nas seguintes bases de dados: Medline/PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane, Embase, Lilacs/BBO, ProQuest, além da plataforma Open Gray and Clinical Trials. A qualidade metodológica e o risco de viés foram avaliados usando as ferramentas Escala Modificada NewcastleOttawa, RoB-2 e ROBINS-1. Os dados referentes a chances de cárie, chances de fluorose e média de cáries foram plotados, e a análise apropriada foi realizada usando o Software Rev Man 5.3. A proporção de participantes livre de cáries foi calculada. A certeza da evidência também foi avaliada por média através da abordagem GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation). Foram selecionados vinte estudos para síntese qualitativa, dos quais 15 estavam incluídos em 6 diferentes metanálises. Indivíduos que consumiam sal fluoretado (SF) apresentaram um menor risco de quando comparados aos controle negativo (nenhuma medida comunitária) (OR 0.41 [0.30; 0.57], I 2=99%, p< 0.00001), mas não quando comparados à água fluoretada (AF) (OR 1.12 [0.97, 1.29], I 2=93%, p = 0.11). Um padrão inverso foi observado para fluorose, com o consumo de SF, aumentando o risco de fluorose quando comparado ao controle negativo OR 1.57 [1.26; 1.91], I 2=0%, p< 0.0001), mas semelhante à AF (OR 0.76 [0.46; 1.27], I 2=62%, p=0.30). A qualidade da evidência foi muito baixa; muitos estudos incluídos eram transversais. Em conclusão, com as evidências disponíveis, é sugerido que o uso de SF promova um efeito na prevenção da cárie dentária comparável a AF, além de não promover aumento do risco de fluorose quando comparado a AF. Embora os resultados da presente Revisão Sistemática devam ser interpretados com cautela devido a baixa quantidade de ensaios clínicos e a baixa qualidade de evidência (GRADE), a fluoretação do sal pode ser considerada uma estratégia efetiva e segura para a administração de flúor na comunidade(AU)


The present study evaluates the effect of salt fluoridation as a community preventive measure on the prevalence of dental caries and dental fluorosis. Searches were performed in Medline/PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane, Embase, Lilacs/BBO, ProQuest, in addition to Open Gray and Clinical Trials. Methodological quality and risk of bias were assessed using the modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, RoB-2 and ROBINS-1 tools. Data sets for fluorosis chance, caries chance and mean of caries were plotted, and the appropriate analyses were applied by using the Rev Man 5.3 software program. The proportion of caries-free participants was calculated. Certainty of evidence was also evaluated by means of the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Twenty studies were selected for qualitative synthesis, of which 15 were included in 6 different meta-analyses. Individuals consuming fluoridated salt (FS) were less likely to develop caries lesions compared to negative controls (no community measure) (OR 0.41 [0.30; 0.57], I 2=99%, p< 0.00001), but not compared to fluoridated water (FW) (OR 1.12 [0.97, 1.29], I 2=93%, p = 0.11). An inverse pattern was observed for fluorosis, as consumption of FS increased the risk of fluorosis compared to negative control (OR 1.57 [1.26; 1.91], I 2=0%, p< 0.0001), but not in comparison to FW (OR 0.76 [0.46; 1.27], I 2=62%, p=0.30). The quality of the evidence available was very low; most studies included were cross-sectional. In conclusion, with the available evidence, it is suggested that the use of FS promotes similar anti-caries effects compared with FW, without increasing the risk of fluorosis compared to FW. Although the results of the present systematic review should be interpretated with caution due to the low quantity of clinical trials and low certainty of evidence (GRADE), salt fluoridation can be considered as an effective and safe strategy for Community administration of fluoride(AU)


Subject(s)
Sodium Chloride, Dietary , Cariostatic Agents
9.
Braz. dent. j ; Braz. dent. j;32(4): 62-73, July-Aug. 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-1345511

ABSTRACT

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro effect of a single application of experimental nanocomposite solutions on the prevention of dental caries around orthodontic brackets. The specimens were exposed to mesoporous silica (MS) nanocomposites containing fluoride by association with titanium tetrafluoride (TiF4) or sodium fluoride (NaF). Nanocomposites also could contain calcium and groups were described as MSCaTiF4, MSTiF4, MSCaNaF, MSNaF, and controls (TiF4, and NaF). Specimens were subjected to the formation of a multispecies biofilm to generate a cariogenic challenge. After 24h, both pH and total soluble fluoride concentration of the culture medium were assessed. Mineral loss was evaluated by percentage of surface mineral loss (%SML), mineral volume variation (ΔZ) of inner enamel and polarized light microscopy (PL). Linear (Ra) and volumetric (Sa) surface roughness and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) were used to assess enamel topography. Statistical analyses were conducted considering p<0.05. MSNaF had the highest value of culture medium pH after cariogenic challenge, similarly to MSTiF4. All nanocomposite solutions released less fluoride than their controls NaF and TiF4 (p<0.05). All nanocomposite solutions presented lower %SML compared to their respective control groups (p<0.05). Lower Ra, Sa and ΔZ were observed for experimental groups compared to TiF4 (p<0.05). The results were confirmed by PL and SEM analysis. The experimental nanocomposite solutions contributed for lower enamel demineralization around orthodontic brackets.


RESUMO Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito in vitro de uma única aplicação de soluções experimentais de nanocompósitos na prevenção de cárie dentária em braquetes ortodônticos. Os espécimes foram expostos a nanocompósitos de sílica mesoporosa (MS) contendo fluoreto por associação com tetrafluoreto de titânio (TiF4) ou fluoreto de sódio (NaF). Os nanocompósitos também podem conter cálcio e os grupos foram descritos como MSCaTiF4, MSTiF4, MSCaNaF, MSNaF e controles (TiF4 e NaF). Os espécimes foram submetidos à formação de um biofilme multiespécie para gerar um desafio cariogênico. Após 24h, o pH e a concentração de flúor solúvel total do meio de cultura foram avaliados. A perda mineral foi avaliada pela porcentagem de perda mineral superficial (% SML), variação do volume mineral (ΔZ) do esmalte interno e microscopia de luz polarizada (PL). A rugosidade superficial linear (Ra) e volumétrica (Sa) e a microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) foram utilizadas para avaliar a topografia do esmalte. As análises estatísticas foram realizadas considerando p <0,05. MSNaF apresentou o maior valor de pH do meio de cultura após o desafio cariogênico, semelhante ao MSTiF4. Todas as soluções de nanocompósitos liberaram menos flúor do que seus controles NaF e TiF4 (p <0,05). Todas as soluções de nanocompósitos apresentaram% SML menor em comparação com seus respectivos grupos de controle (p <0,05). Ra, Sa e ΔZ menores foram observados para os grupos experimentais em comparação ao TiF4 (p <0,05). Os resultados foram confirmados por análises PL e SEM. As soluções experimentais de nanocompósitos contribuíram para a menor desmineralização do esmalte ao redor dos braquetes ortodônticos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Tooth Demineralization , Orthodontic Brackets , Dental Caries/prevention & control , Nanocomposites , Sodium Fluoride , Titanium , Cariostatic Agents , Dental Enamel , Fluorides
11.
J. appl. oral sci ; J. appl. oral sci;29: e20210120, 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1340104

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective Our study aims to synthesize, characterize, and determine the effects of a ChNPs suspension on human enamel after cariogenic challenge via pH-cycling. Methodology ChNPs were synthesized by ion gelation and characterized by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Dynamic Light Scattering. Forty enamel blocks were divided into four groups (n=10/group): (i) ChNPs suspension; (ii) chitosan solution; (iii) 0.05% sodium fluoride (NaF) solution; and (iv) distilled water. Specimens were exposed to cariogenic challenge by cycling in demineralization solution (3 h) and then remineralized (21h) for 7 days. Before each demineralization cycle, the corresponding solutions were passively applied for 90 s. After 7 days, specimens were examined for surface roughness (Ra) and Knoop hardness (KHN) before and after the cariogenic challenge; % KHN change (variation between initial and final hardness), and surface topography by an optical profilometer. The data were analyzed by repeated-measures ANOVA, One-way ANOVA, and Tukey tests (α=0.05). Results TEM images showed small spherical particles with diameter and zeta potential values of 79.3 nm and +47.9 mV, respectively. After the challenge, all groups showed an increase in Ra and a decrease in KHN values. Optical profilometry indicated that ChNPs- and NaF-treated specimens showed uneven roughness interspersed with smooth areas and the lowest %KHN values. Conclusion The ChNPs suspension was successfully synthesized and minimized human enamel demineralization after a cariogenic challenge, showing an interesting potential for use as an oral formulation for caries prevention.


Subject(s)
Humans , Tooth Demineralization/prevention & control , Chitosan , Nanoparticles , Sodium Fluoride , Cariostatic Agents , Dental Enamel , Hardness
12.
J. appl. oral sci ; J. appl. oral sci;29: e20200859, 2021. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1286923

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction Due to its ability to arrest untreated dental caries, silver diamine fluoride (SDF) has been advocated for indirect pulp capping procedures. However, the high concentrations of silver and fluoride in SDF raise concerns about its biocompatibility to pulpal tissues. Objectives This study aimed to investigate the effect of SDF on the viability, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and morphology of pulpal-like cells (RPC-C2A) and to evaluate the influence of reduced glutathione (GSH) on SDF-induced cytotoxicity and deposit formation on dentin. Methodology The cytotoxicity of diluted 38% SDF solutions (10-4 and 10-5), with or without the addition of 5 mM or 50 mM GSH, was evaluated at 6 and 24 hours. Cell viability was detected using WST-8 and the effect on ALP activity was performed using an ALP assay kit. Cell morphology was observed using a phase-contrast microscope. Scanning electron microscopy analysis was conducted to evaluate the effect of GSH incorporation or conditioning on SDF-induced deposit formation on dentin discs. Cytotoxicity data were analyzed by two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey post hoc tests (p<0.05). Results There were significant differences between the groups. The results demonstrated that all tested SDF dilutions caused a remarkable cytotoxic effect, while the addition of GSH prevented SDF-induced damage at 6-hour exposure time in the higher dilution of SDF. Dentin treated with plain SDF or GSH-incorporated SDF solution showed deposit formation with occluded dentinal tubules, unlike the other groups. Conclusion SDF severely disturbed the viability, mineralization-ability, and morphology of pulpal-like cells, while controlled concentrations of GSH had a short-term protective effect against SDF-induced damage. GSH showed an inhibitory effect on SDF-induced dentinal deposit formation. Further research is warranted to evaluate the effect of GSH on caries-arresting, anti-hypersensitivity, and antibacterial functions of SDF.


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Dental Caries , Cariostatic Agents/toxicity , Fluorides, Topical/toxicity , Silver Compounds , Dentin , Glutathione , Quaternary Ammonium Compounds
13.
Braz. oral res. (Online) ; 35: e038, 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-1249363

ABSTRACT

Abstract: A randomized controlled parallel clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of the association of 1.23% topical professional acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) gel with oral hygiene and dietary instructions on the arrest of active non-cavitated lesions in permanent, mixed, and temporary dentition in children between 3 and 12 years of age. Ninety-eight caries-active children were randomly divided into two groups: a fluoride gel group (n = 49) and a non-fluoridated gel group (n = 49). Each group received up to eight weekly applications of gel, weekly professional toothbrushing with oral hygiene instructions and dietary counselling. Caries lesions were assessed qualitatively through visual-tactile criteria performed in three stages: initial, intermediate, and final. Regression models were applied to identify risk indicators for caries control. Between-group comparison regarding the time taken to arrest the lesions was performed using Chi-squared and Fisher's exact tests. Seventeen children did not receive the allocated intervention, and one was lost to follow-up (n = 80). There was no difference between the control and placebo groups regarding the time to the arrest of the lesion (p >.05). The treatments showed similar results without significant statistical difference (p = 0.33; 95%CI: 0.32-1.48). No adverse effects were observed. It can be concluded that no additional effect of the association of 1.23% APF gel with oral hygiene using fluoride dentifrice and dietary instructions on the arrest of active non-cavitated lesions could be established. We can also confirm the importance of toothbrushing frequency and, consequently, the visible plaque reduction in the control of caries activity. RBR-37V5S3


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride , Dental Caries/prevention & control , Tooth, Deciduous , Toothbrushing , Cariostatic Agents/therapeutic use , Dental Enamel
14.
Braz. oral res. (Online) ; 35(supl.1): e054, 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-1249388

ABSTRACT

Abstract Dental caries remains highly prevalent in Latin American and Caribbean countries (LACC). However, this disease can be controlled through interventions that implement evidence-based strategies in an affordable manner and that target all population groups instead of the most affluent only. Therefore, the aim of this report was to summarize the main scientifically documented community interventions and strategies based on restriction of sugars consumption, use of fluoride, and the use of occlusal sealants for caries control in LACC. A critical literature review was carried out in a systematic manner that included defined search strategies, independent review of the identified publications, and compilation of results in this report. Three systematic searches were conducted using the PubMed, LILACS, and SciELO databases to identify studies related to community interventions and strategies for caries control in LACC. Of the 37 publications identified, twenty-six focused on fluoride use, eight on occlusal sealant use, and three on the restriction of sugar consumption. Documented community interventions for sugars restriction were scarce in the region and were based on food supplementation, sugar replacement, and education. Thus, local and/or national policies should prioritize investment in upstream, coherent, and integrated population-wide policies such as taxes on sugary drinks and stronger regulation of advertising and promotion of sugary foods and drinks mainly targeting children. The main fluoride-based strategies used drinking water, refined domestic salt, cow milk, toothpaste and, to a lesser extent, mouth-rinses, acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) gels, and varnishes to deliver fluoride to the population. Evidence of fluoride use was seen in Argentina, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, and Venezuela. Studies reporting the use of occlusal sealants were mainly located in Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Peru, Mexico, and Venezuela. Community interventions restricting sugar consumption should be implemented at the individual level and through public policies. The use of fluoride must be monitored at the local, regional, and national levels so as to achieve maximum anti-caries effect while also minimizing the risk of dental fluorosis. Moreover, fluoridated water and salt programs, used as a mutually exclusive community level strategy for caries control, should expand their benefits to reach non-covered areas of the LACC while also simultaneously providing adequate surveillance of the fluoride concentration delivered to the population. Regulating the concentration of soluble fluoride (for anti-caries effect) in dentifrice formulations is also necessary in order to provide the population with an effective strategy for disease control. Targeting culturally appropriate, economically sustainable caries control interventions to rural populations and native ethnic groups such as indigenous people, quilombolas (African-origin), and riverside Amazonian people remains a crucial challenge.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Cariostatic Agents/therapeutic use , Dental Caries/prevention & control , Dental Caries/epidemiology , Panama , Peru , Argentina , Uruguay , Brazil , Chile , Colombia , Caribbean Region , Dental Caries Susceptibility , Guatemala , Latin America/epidemiology , Mexico , Nicaragua
15.
RFO UPF ; 25(3): 354-361, 20201231. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-1357814

ABSTRACT

Introdução: de acordo com a legislação brasileira, um dentifrício não pode conter mais que 1.500 ppm de flúor total (FT), e o fabricante deve declarar na embalagem a concentração e o tipo de sal de flúor que o produto contém. No entanto, para que possa exercer um efeito anticárie, o produto deve conter pelo menos 1.000 ppm F (mgF/kg) na forma quimicamente solúvel. Objetivo: avaliar as concentrações de flúor total (FT) e flúor solúvel total (FST) em dentifrícios distribuídos pelo serviço público de saúde da cidade de Salvador, Bahia. Materiais e métodos: três amostras de um dentifrício (MFP/CaCO3, 1.500 ppm F como FT) que estava sendo distribuído pelo serviço público de saúde de Salvador, BA, foram obtidas. Como controle, foi utilizado um dentifrício com a mesma formulação (1.450 ppm de FT) encontrado no comércio da cidade de Piracicaba, SP. As análises foram realizadas com eletrodo específico para fluoreto, empregando metodologia já validada e os resultados expressos em ppm F (mg F/kg). Resultados: em todas as amostras avaliadas, foram encontrados apenas 61,8 ppm F de FT, evidenciando que não foram fluoretadas, fato este nunca antes relatado no Brasil. De outro modo, no dentifrício utilizado como controle, havia 1404,7 ppm F de FT, do qual 1.270,0 ppm estavam solúveis (FST). Conclusão: os cremes dentais avaliados nesta pesquisa não são capazes de exercer um efeito anticárie, uma vez que não foram fluoretados. Esses dados mostram a urgência de modificação da regulamentação brasileira vigente e a necessidade de maior controle de qualidade desses produtos.(AU)


Introduction: according to Brazilian legislation, a toothpaste cannot contain more than 1500 ppm of total fluoride (TF), as well as the manufacturer must provide on the packaging the concentration and type of fluoride salt that the product contains. However, to have an anti-caries effect, it must contain at least 1,000 ppm F (mgF/kg) in its chemically soluble form. Research Aim: To evaluate the total fluoride (TF) and total soluble fluoride (TSF) concentrations in dentifrices distributed by the public health service in the city of Salvador, Bahia. Materials and methods: for the analyses, three samples of a dentifrice (MFP/CaCO3, 1,500 ppm F as TF) that was being distributed by Salvador's public health system were obtained. As a control, it was used a dentifrice of the same formulation (1,450 ppm of TF) found in commerce of the city of Piracicaba- -SP. The analyses were performed with a specific fluoride electrode using a validated methodology and the results were expressed in ppm F (mg F/ kg). Results: In all the samples evaluated, only 61.8 ppm F of TF were found, showing that it was not fluoridated, a fact that was never reported in Brazil before. On the other hand, in the dentifrice used as a control, there were 1404.7 ppm F of TF, of which 1270.0 ppm were soluble (TSF). Conclusion: the samples evaluated in this research are not able to exert an anti-caries effect, since they were not fluoridated. These data show the urgency to change the current Brazilian regulation and the need for a greater quality control of these products.(AU)


Subject(s)
Quality Control , Toothpastes/chemistry , Cariostatic Agents/analysis , Fluorides/analysis , Public Health Services , Reference Values , Brazil , Linear Models , Dental Caries/prevention & control
16.
Medwave ; 20(6): e7974, 31-07-2020.
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1119714

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: La caries dental es la enfermedad bucal más prevalente en Ecuador. En nuestro país no existen estudios que hayan considerado a la población de las Islas Galápagos. La aplicación de flúor sobre lesiones incipientes de caries dental ha demostrado efectividad para evitar ejecutar procedimientos invasivos restauradores. OBJETIVOS: El objetivo del Estudio de Salud Oral Galápagos, EESO-Gal, es determinar la prevalencia e incidencia de caries dental y evaluar el efecto de la acción del cepillado dental supervisado, acompañado de aplicaciones periódicas de flúor en barniz sobre lesiones cariosas incipientes en escolares de las Islas Galápagos. Con este informe se busca reportar el protocolo del Estudio de Salud Oral Galápagos. MÉTODOS: Se plantea realizar una cohorte con los escolares de las Islas Galápagos para determinar la prevalencia e incidencia de caries con evaluaciones cada seis meses durante veinticuatro meses. RESULTADOS: Se espera determinar la prevalencia e incidencia de caries cada seis meses durante veinticuatro meses en escolares de tres a diez años y obtener datos que permitan evidenciar el estado de las condiciones de caries en los escolares de Galápagos con la inclusión del cepillado diario en la escuela, supervisado por el docente, y con la aplicación semestral del barniz de flúor. CONCLUSIONES: La prevalencia de caries dental e incidencia después de las acciones tomadas demostrará la importancia de aplicar acciones de prevención y promoción de la salud oral, para crear hábitos de higiene y salud desde edades tempranas.


INTRODUCTION: Dental caries is the most prevalent oral disease in Ecuador. In our country, there are no studies that have included the population of the Galapagos Islands. Fluoride application to incipient lesions of dental caries has shown to be effective in avoiding the use of invasive restorative procedures. OBJECTIVES: The objective of the EESO-Gal study is to determine the prevalence and incidence of dental caries and to evaluate the effect of supervised dental brushing, accompanied by periodic applications of fluoride varnish on incipient precarious lesions of schoolchildren in the Galapagos Islands. This article presents the protocol of the EESO-Gal study. METHODS: A cohort is planned with Galapagos Islands schoolchildren to determine the prevalence and incidence of dental caries, with assessments every six months, during twenty-four months. RESULTS: We expect to determine the prevalence and incidence of caries every six months, for twenty-four months, in schoolchildren between three and ten years of age, and obtain data to show the state of the caries conditions in Galapagos schoolchildren, with the inclusion of daily brushing at school, supervised by the teacher, and with the application of fluoride varnish every six months. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of dental caries and incidence after the program will demonstrate the importance of implementing oral health prevention and promotion actions to create hygiene and health habits from an early age.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Oral Hygiene , Toothbrushing/methods , Fluorides, Topical/administration & dosage , Dental Caries/epidemiology , School Health Services , Cariostatic Agents/administration & dosage , Oral Health , Incidence , Prevalence , Cohort Studies , Ecuador/epidemiology
17.
Braz. dent. j ; Braz. dent. j;31(3): 257-263, May-June 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-1132306

ABSTRACT

Abstract The aim of this in vitro study was to determine the fluoride concentration in silver diamine fluoride (SDF) products and their bioavailability with demineralized dentine. The products evaluated (expected fluoride concentrations) were: I: Saforide 38% (45,283 ppm F); II: Advantage Arrest 38.3 to 43.2% (45,283 to 51,013 ppm F); III: Ancárie 12% (14,100 ppm F); IV: Ancárie 30% (35,400 ppm F), V: Cariestop 12% (14,100 ppm F) and VI: Cariestop 30% (35,400 ppm F). The fluoride concentration was evaluated using an ion-specific electrode (ISE) by direct technique, which was confirmed after microdiffusion. The pH of the products was determined with a pH test strip. For the bioavailability test, demineralized dentine slabs were treated with one of the products for 1 min. Loosely (CaF2-like) and firmly-bound fluoride (FAp) were determined. The fluoride concentration found in the products (mean±SD; ppm F) by the ISE direct technique was: I:53,491±554; II:57,249±1,851; III:4,814±268; IV:5,726±43; V:10,145±468; VI:11,858±575; these values were confirmed after microdiffusion (t-test; p>0.05) and disagree with the declared by the manufacturers. The pH of Ancárie 12 and 30% was 6.0 and 4.5, respectively, in disagreement with the alkaline pH expected for SDF solution and found in the other products evaluated. There was no correlation between either CaF2-like (r=0.221; p=0.337) or FAp (r=-0.144; p=0.830) formed in demineralized dentine and fluoride concentration found in the products. The problems of pH and fluoride concentration found in available professional commercial SDF products suggest that they are not under sanitary surveillance.


Resumo O objetivo deste estudo in vitro foi determinar a concentração de fluoreto nos produtos de diamino fluoreto de prata (DFP) e sua biodisponibilidade com dentina desmineralizada. Os produtos avaliados (concentrações esperadas de flúor) foram: I: Saforide 38% (45.283 ppm F); II: Advantage Arrest 38,3 a 43,2% (45.283 a 51.013 ppm F); III: Ancárie 12% (14.100 ppm F); IV: Ancárie 30% (35.400 ppm F), V: Cariestop 12% (14.100 ppm F) e VI: Cariestop 30% (35.400 ppm F). A concentração de fluoreto foi avaliada utilizando um eletrodo íon-específico (EIE) por técnica direta, que foi confirmada após microdifusão. O pH dos produtos foi determinado com uma tira de teste de pH. Para o teste de biodisponibilidade, blocos de dentina desmineralizada foram tratados com um dos produtos por 1 min. Fluoreto fracamente (tipo CaF2) e firmemente ligado (FAp) foram determinados. A concentração de fluoreto encontrada nos produtos (média±DP; ppm F) pela técnica direta com EIE foi: I: 53.491±554; II: 57.249±1.851; III: 4.814±268; IV: 5.726±43; V: 10.145±468; VI: 11.858±575; esses valores foram confirmados após microdifusão (teste t; p>0,05) e discordam dos declarados pelos fabricantes. O pH do Ancárie 12 e 30% foi de 6,0 e 4,5, respectivamente, em desacordo com o pH alcalino esperado para a solução de DFP e encontrado nos demais produtos avaliados. Não houve correlação entre CaF2 (r=0,221; p=0,337) ou FAp (r=-0,144; p=0,830) formados na dentina desmineralizada e concentração de fluoreto encontrada nos produtos. Os problemas de pH e concentração de fluoreto encontrados nos produtos comerciais profissionais disponíveis de DFP sugerem que eles não estão sob vigilância sanitária.


Subject(s)
Cariostatic Agents , Fluorides , Sodium Fluoride , Biological Availability , Fluorides, Topical , Silver Compounds , Dentin , Quaternary Ammonium Compounds , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
18.
Braz. dent. j ; Braz. dent. j;31(2): 157-163, Mar.-Apr. 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-1132281

ABSTRACT

Abstract This study assessed the effectiveness of models for developing subsurface caries lesions in vitro and verified mineral changes by transverse microradiography (TMR). Enamel blocks from permanent (n=5) and deciduous teeth (n=5) were submitted to lesion induction by immersion in demineralizing solutions during 96 h, followed by pH cycles of demineralization (de) and remineralization (re) for 10 days. Two de-/re solutions were tested. Demineralizing solution "A" was composed by 2.2 mM CaCl2, 2.2 mM KH2PO4, 0.05 M acetic acid, with pH 4.4 adjusted by 1 M KOH. Demineralizing solution "B" was composed by 2.2 mM CaCl2, 2.2 mM NaH2PO4, 0.05 M acetic acid and 0.25 ppmF, with pH 4.5 adjusted by 1M KOH. Solution "A" produced cavitated lesions in permanent teeth, whereas solution "B" led to subsurface lesions in deciduous teeth. Solution "B" was then tested in enamel blocks from permanent teeth (n=5) and subsurface lesions were obtained, so that solution "B" was employed for both substrates, and the blocks were treated with slurries of a fluoride dentifrice (1450 ppm F, as NaF, n=5) or a fluoride-free dentifrice (n=5). Solution "B" produced subsurface lesions in permanent and primary teeth of an average (±SD) depth of 88.4µm (±14.3) and 89.3µm (±15.8), respectively. TMR analysis demonstrated that lesions treated with fluoride-free dentifrice had significantly greater mineral loss. This study concluded that solution "B" developed subsurface lesions after pH cycling, and that mineral changes were successfully assessed by TMR.


Resumo Este estudo avaliou a efetividade de modelos para o desenvolvimento de lesões de cárie subsuperficiais in vitro e verificou alterações minerais por microradiografia transversal (TMR). Blocos de esmalte de dentes permanentes (n = 5) e decíduos (n = 5) foram submetidos à indução de lesão por imersão em soluções desmineralizadoras durante 96h, seguido de ciclos de pH de desmineralização e remineralização por 10 dias. Duas soluções des-/re foram testadas. A solução desmineralizadora "A" foi composta por 2,2 mM de CaCl2, 2,2 mM de KH2PO4, 0,05 M de ácido acético, com pH de 4,4 ajustado por 1 M de KOH. A solução desmineralizadora "B" foi composta por 2,2 mM de CaCl2, 2,2 mM de NaH2PO4, 0,05 M de ácido acético e 0,25 ppmF, com pH de 4,5 ajustado por 1 M de KOH. A solução "A" produziu lesões cavitadas em dentes permanentes, enquanto a solução "B" apresentou lesões subsuperficiais em dentes decíduos. Portanto, a solução "B" foi posteriormente usada em blocos de esmalte de dentes permanentes (n = 5) e lesões subsuperficiais foram obtidas. Portanto, a solução "B" foi empregada para ambos os substratos, sendo metade deles tratada com dentifrício fluoretado e a outra metade com dentifrício livre de flúor. A solução "B" produziu lesões subsuperficiais de cárie com profundidade de 88.4µm (14.3) em dentes permanentes e com 89.3 µm (15.8) em dentes decíduos e TMR demonstrou que lesões tratadas com dentifrício sem flúor tiveram maior perda mineral. Este estudo concluiu que a solução "B" desenvolveu lesões subsuperficiais após o ciclo de pH e as alterações minerais foram avaliadas com sucesso por TMR.


Subject(s)
Humans , Tooth Demineralization , Dental Caries , Dentifrices , Tooth Remineralization , Cariostatic Agents , Dental Enamel , Fluorides , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
19.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.);25(4): 1507-1518, abr. 2020. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1089535

ABSTRACT

Resumo Fluoretação da água é uma estratégia de controle da cárie, recomendada pela OMS. No Brasil ela é regulamentada por lei, mas não tem sido implementada com sucesso na região Norte. Os objetivos desta pesquisa foram levantar dados sobre a existência do heterocontrole nos 10 maiores municípios tocantinenses e analisar a concentração de fluoreto presente na água de abastecimento público destas cidades. A pesquisa foi realizada de maio-agosto/17 e teve como marco teórico-metodológico a análise quantitativa, descritiva e transversal. Coletas de água foram realizadas mensalmente, utilizando protocolo de amostragem de coleta de água da rede. A concentração de fluoreto nas águas foi feita com eletrodo íon específico pela técnica direta. Constatou-se que a vigilância da fluoretação da água está em operação na capital do estado desde 2016. Com relação a concentração de fluoreto na água, foi encontrado que 31,6% das amostras analisadas estavam adequadas para o máximo benefício de redução de cárie e 27,5% delas apresentavam risco alto ou muito alto de fluorose dentária. É necessário implementar um programa de controle da concentração de flúor na água no Tocantins, a fim de garantir que a população não seja privada dos benefícios anticárie da agregação de flúor à agua tratada.


Abstract Water fluoridation is a strategy for caries control recommended by the WHO. In Brazil, it is regulated by law but this program has not been successfully implemented in the North region. This research aimed to collect data on the existence of external control (heterocontrol) in the ten largest municipalities in the state of Tocantins, Brazil, and to analyze fluoride concentration in the public water supply of these cities. The study was conducted from May-August/17, and its theoretical-methodological framework was a quantitative, descriptive and cross-sectional analysis. Water collections were carried out monthly, using sampling protocol of water collection of the network. Fluoride concentration in the waters was determined with ion specific electrode by the direct technique. It was verified that water fluoridation monitoring is only been done in Palmas, capital of the state, starting in 2016. Thirty-two percent of waters samples analyzed showed fluoride concentration to obtain the maximum benefit of reduction caries and 27.5% of them presented a high or very high risk of dental fluorosis. It is necessary to implement a program to control the concentration of fluoride in the water of the municipalities of Tocantins, in order to ensure that the population is not deprived of the anticaries' benefits of the adjustment of fluoride concentration of the treated water.


Subject(s)
Cariostatic Agents/analysis , Fluoridation/statistics & numerical data , Cross-Sectional Studies/standards , Fluorides/analysis , Water Supply , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies , Cities/statistics & numerical data
20.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-878386

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the anti-caries effect and safety of Er:YAG laser combined with fluoride and methylene blue-photodynamic therapy (MB-PDT).@*METHODS@#A total of 28 rat dental caries models were established and randomly divided into seven groups: photodynamic therapy (PDT) group, laser combined with fluoride group, laser group, sodium fluoride group, and 0.9% saline control group. Spectrophotometric optical density was used to reflect the growth of Streptococcus mutans. Laser-induced fluorescence diagnostic (LF) instrument was utilized to detect the demineralization degree of dental caries. Histopathological sections were employed to observe the damage of dental pulp and buccal mucosa.@*RESULTS@#The optical density (OD) value of the PDT and combination groups was significantly lower than that of other treatment groups (P<0.05). An increase in LF value and demineralization occurred in varying degrees with different treatment methods. Histopathological observation showed that pulp and buccal mucosa injury was more obvious in the combination group of 70 mw·cm⁻² and Er:YAG laser group compared with other groups.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Under the same parameters, the combined group and PDT have good germicidal efficacy, but PDT has fewer adverse reactions and less damage. It is an effective and safe method for caries prevention.


Subject(s)
Humans , Cariostatic Agents , Dental Caries/prevention & control , Fluorides , Laser Therapy , Lasers, Solid-State , Methylene Blue , Photochemotherapy
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