Método indirecto para la verificación del intervalo de referencia del perfil lipídico / Indirect method for the verification of the lipid profile reference range

Introducción: La dislipidemia es uno de los problemas más frecuentes en los niños y adolescentes y su estudio es importante debido a su fuerte correlación con la enfermedad cardiovascular aterosclerótica en adultos. Muchos países desarrollaron valores de referencia nacionales investigando los lípidos séricos utilizando datos basados en la población nacional propia. Nuestro objetivo fue verificar el intervalo de referencia del perfil lipídico calculando las curvas de percentiles a través del método indirecto en nuestra población pediátrica. Materiales y métodos: Se analizaron los resultados de nuestra base de datos utilizando el método indirecto. Luego de aplicar filtros y criterios de exclusión se calcularon los percentiles 25, 50, 75, 95 y 99 para colesterol total (CT), colesterol HDL (C-HDL), colesterol no HDL (C-no-HDL), triglicéridos (TG) y colesterol LDL (C-LDL) y para el C-HDL además se calculó el percentil 10. El valor de referencia para el cambio (RCV) se utilizó para determinar si existía diferencia clínicamente significativa entre los valores de percentiles obtenidos y los utilizados en el consenso de la SAP. Resultados: No se evidenció diferencia clínicamente significativa contra los valores propuesto por la SAP, excepto para los TG para las edades 1,5,7 años en el percentil 95 y para la edad de 8 años en el percentil 75 y 95; para el C-HDL en el percentil 10 para las edades 1,16 y 17 años. Discusión: Se obtuvieron los percentiles de los lípidos y se compararon con los valores de referencia utilizados por el consenso en el que están basados las guías (AU)

Introduction: Dyslipidemia is one of the most common problems in children and adolescents and its study is important because of its strong correlation with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in adulthood. Many countries have developed national reference values investigating serum lipids using data based on their own national population. Our aim was to verify the lipid profile reference range by calculating percentile curves through the indirect method in our pediatric population. Materials and methods: The results of our database were analyzed using the indirect method. After applying filters and exclusion criteria, the 25th, 50th, 75th, 95th, and 99th percentiles were calculated for total cholesterol (TC), HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), non-HDL cholesterol (non-HDL-C), triglycerides (TG), and LDL cholesterol (LDL-C); for HDL-C, the 10th percentile was also calculated. The reference change values (RCV) were used to determine whether there was a clinically significant difference between the percentile values obtained and those used in the consensus of the Argentine Association of Pediatrics (SAP). Results: There was no clinically significant difference with the values proposed by the SAP, except for TG for ages 1, 5, and 7 years at the 95th percentile and for age 8 years at the 75th and 95th percentile; and for HDL-C at the 10th percentile for ages 1, 16, and 17 years. Discussion: Lipid percentiles were obtained and compared with the reference values used by the consensus on which the guidelines are based (AU)

Efeitos da suplementação de óleo de abacate sobre o perfil lipídico e índices aterogênicos em intervenção duplo-cego e randomizada em pacientes com síndrome metabólica / Effects of avocado oil supplementation on lipid profile and atherogenic indices in a double-blind and randomised intervention in patients with metabolic syndrome

Introdução: A síndrome metabólica é definida como um conjunto de condições clínicas que acometem cerca de 25% da população mundial e 29,6% dos brasileiros. Essa síndrome está relacionada ao aumento dos desfechos cardiovasculares, que podem ser preditos através do perfil lipídico. Compostos bioativos, tais como os ácidos graxos monoinsaturados (MUFA), são fortes aliados na prevenção desses desfechos. Um alimento importante por conter compostos bioativos e MUFA em abundância é o abacate. Há, porém, poucos estudos avaliando o efeito do óleo puro/virgem de abacate sobre o perfil lipídico em humanos com síndrome metabólica, e seus efeitos sobre os índices aterogênicos inexistem. Objetivo: O estudo buscou avaliar a suplementação de óleo de abacate sobre os níveis lipídicos e índices aterogênicos em pacientes portadores de síndrome metabólica. Método: 31 indivíduos adultos e obesos foram randomizados em grupo controle (óleo de soja) e grupo intervenção (óleo de abacate). Estes foram avaliados nos períodos pré e pós-intervenção (12 semanas) através de anamnese clínica e avaliação nutricional. Resultados: Observou-se que tanto o grupo controle quanto o grupo intervenção tinham a ingestão de lipídeos e gordura saturada maior que o recomendável. Quanto ao perfil lipídico e índices aterogênicos, não foi observada diferença significativa entre os períodos pré e pós. Conclusão: Os resultados podem ter se dado pela ausência do controle alimentar, sobrecarga de medicamentos, duração da intervenção, modo de administração e dose do suplemento. Logo, são necessários estudos futuros sobre os efeitos do óleo de abacate nessa população, que controlem melhor essas variáveis.

Introduction: Metabolic syndrome is defined as a set of clinical conditions that affect approximately 25% of the world's population and 29.6% of Brazilians. This syndrome is related to increased cardiovascular outcomes, which may be predicted by the lipid profile. Bioactive compounds, such as monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), are strong allies in preventing these outcomes. Avocado is an important food because it contains abundant bioactive compounds and MUFAs. However, few studies evaluated the effects of pure/virgin avocado oil on the lipid profile in humans with metabolic syndrome, and its effects on atherogenic indices are not known. Objective:This study evaluated avocado oil supplementation on lipid levels and atherogenic indices in patients with metabolic syndrome. Method: Thirty-one obese adults were randomised into a control group (soybean oil) and an intervention group (avocado oil). These groups were evaluated in the pre- and post-intervention periods (12 weeks) via clinical anamnesis and nutritional assessment. Results: The control group and the intervention group had higher intakes of lipids and saturated fat than recommended. For the lipid profile and atherogenic indices, no significant difference was observed between the pre- and postintervention periods. Conclusion: These results may have been due to the absence of dietary control, medication overload, intervention duration, mode of administration and dose of the supplement. Therefore, future studies on the effects of avocado oil are needed in this population to better control these variables.

Vitamin d levels and lipid profile in patients undergoing bariatric surgery / Níveis de vitamina d e perfil lipídico em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Vitamin, mineral, and metabolic deficiencies occur in the postoperative period of bariatric surgery, in the short and long term, and are worrisome intercurrences. AIMS: To evaluate the association of serum vitamin D levels with the lipid profile in obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery. METHODS: Case series of patients assisted from 2010 to 2018, in a private hospital of medium and high complexity, who underwent bariatric surgery using sleeve gastrectomy or Roux-en-Y gastric bypass techniques, monitored by the same surgeon. Sociodemographic, clinical, laboratory, and anthropometric data were collected preoperatively and at 6, 12, and 24 months after surgery. RESULTS: A total of 156 individuals, mostly female (75.6%) were monitored. The most frequent comorbidities were hepatic steatosis (76.3%) and hypertension (48.27). Regarding preoperative vitamin D levels, only 18.9% of the population had a satisfactory level (≥30 ng/mL). There was a reduction in weight and an improvement in the lipid profile after surgery. Significant correlations were observed between the lipid profile and vitamin D concentration only in the sample submitted to the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass technique: negative correlation between total cholesterol and vitamin D two years after surgery; positive correlation between triglycerides and vitamin D one year after surgery; and negative correlation between high-density lipoprotein and vitamin D two years post-surgery. CONCLUSIONS: It is essential to routinely monitor vitamin D levels and lipid profile pre- and postoperatively in order to avoid damage associated with this vitamin deficiency.

RESUMO RACIONAL: Deficiências vitamínicas, minerais e metabólicas ocorrem no pós-operatório de cirurgia bariátrica, a curto e longo prazo, sendo intercorrências preocupantes. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a associação dos níveis séricos de vitamina D com o perfil lipídico, em pacientes obesos submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica. MÉTODOS: Série de casos de pacientes atendidos de 2010 até 2018, em hospital privado de média e alta complexidade, submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica pelas técnicas da gastrectomia vertical e derivação gástrica em Y de Roux, acompanhados pelo mesmo cirurgião. Foram coletados dados sociodemográficos, clínicos, dados laboratoriais e antropométricos no pré-operatório, 6 meses, 12 meses e 24 meses após cirurgia. RESULTADOS: Foram acompanhados 156 indivíduos, maioria sexo feminino (75,6%), comorbidades mais frequentes foram esteatose hepática (76,3%) e hipertensão (48,27). Em relação aos níveis de vitamina D pré-operatórios, apenas 18,9% da população apresentaram níveis satisfatórios (=30 ng/mL). Observou-se redução do peso e melhora do perfil lipídico pós-cirúrgico. Sobre as correlações entre o perfil lipídico e concentração de vitamina D foram observadas correlações significativas apenas na amostra que passou pela técnica cirúrgica derivação gástrica em Y de Roux: correlação negativa entre o colesterol total e vitamina D após 2 anos de cirurgia; correlação positiva entre triglicerídeo e vitamina D 1 ano pós-operatório; e correlação negativa entre HDL e vitamina D 2 anos pós-operatório. CONCLUSÕES: é essencial acompanhar os níveis de vitamina D e perfil lipídico no pré e pós-operatório de forma rotineira a fim de evitar danos relacionados a deficiência dessa vitamina.

¿Es el colesterol no-HDL un indicador de riesgo cardiovascular en las personas con diabetes mellitus? / Is non-HDL cholesterol a risk marker for cardiovascular atherosclerotic disease in diabetes mellitus?

La diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) es un factor de riesgo cardiovascular (FRCV) mayor. La DM confiere dos a cuatro veces más riesgo cardiovascular (RCV). El riesgo es aún más elevado en el paciente con DM2 que ha sufrido un infarto agudo de miocardio (IAM) o un accidente cerebrovascular (ACV). La dislipidemia de la DM2 consiste en triglicéridos elevados de ayuno, con mayor excursión posprandial, bajos niveles de HDLc, y alteraciones cuantitativas y cualitativas de LDLc y HDLc. El control glucémico apropiado en DM2 mejora en gran medida las alteraciones lipoproteicas. La terapia hipolipemiante es clave para reducir el RCV en la DM2. La reducción del RCV que se consigue con estatinas se basa en la reducción del LDLc y sus efectos pleiotrópicos. En pacientes que persisten con el perfil lipídico alterado, a pesar de dosis altas de estatinas, se debe considerar el agregado de otros agentes hipolipemiantes para reducir las lipoproteínas aterogénicas.

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a major cardiovascular risk factor (CVRF). Diabetes confers two to four times more cardiovascular risk (CVR). The risk is even higher in patients with T2D who have suffered an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) or cerebrovascular accident (CVA). The dyslipidemia of T2D consists of high fasting triglycerides, with greater postprandial excursion, low levels of HDLc and qualitative alterations of LDLc and HDLc. Appropriate glycemic control in T2D greatly improves lipoprotein abnormalities. Lipid-lowering therapy is key to reducing CVR in T2D. The CVR reduction achieved with statins is based on the reduction of LDLc. In patients who persist with an altered lipid profile despite highdose statins, the addition of other lipid-lowering agents to reduce atherogenic lipoproteins may be considered.

Impacto de la cuarentena por COVID-19 en el perfil metabólico de personas con infección por VIH en Argentina / Impact of COVID-19 related lockdown on the metabolic profile of people with HIV infection in Argentina

INTRODUCCIÓN: Para mitigar la propagación del SARS-CoV-2 se requirió de un confinamiento generalizado. Las autoridades argentinas impusieron aislamiento social preventivo durante 234 días (20 de marzo al 9 de noviembre de 2020), modificando el estilo de vida de la población. OBJETIVOS: Examinar la influencia de las medidas de bloqueo en el perfil metabólico de pacientes infectados por VIH en Argentina. PACIENTES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio de cohorte retrospectivo de 10.239 pacientes en seguimiento en una clínica de atención privada de personas con infección por VIH. Se incluyeron pacientes adultos con terapia antirretroviral (TARV) en curso que tuvieran una determinación de glucemia, colesterol total, colesterol HDL y trigliceridemia antes de la cuarentena (Pre-C: segundo semestre 2019) y una segunda determinación durante la misma (Intra-C: mayo 2020). Se excluyeron los pacientes con cambios en la TARV con impacto metabólico, los que iniciaron o suspendieron hipolipemiantes o hipoglucemiantes y mujeres embarazadas. Las variables categóricas se compararon mediante la prueba de la χ2 o la prueba exacta de Fisher y las continuas mediante la prueba t o la prueba de Mann-Whitney según correspondiera. Se consideró significativo un valor de p a dos colas < 0,05. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 540 individuos. La mediana de edad fue de 47 años y 74,6% fueron de sexo masculino. La mediana de índice de masa corporal fue 26,1 y 94,6% tenían bajo riesgo cardiovascular. Hubo un aumento significativo en el porcentaje de pacientes con hiperglucemia (Pre-C 5,2% vs Intra-C 8,5%, p 0,04), hipertrigliceridemia (Pre-C 33,9% vs Intra-C 40,7%, p 0,02) e hipercolesterolemia LDL (Pre-C 12,6% vs Intra-C 17,2%, p 0,04). CONCLUSIÓN: Nuestros resultados sugieren que la cuarentena, al menos en sus fases iniciales, puede tener un impacto negativo en el perfil metabólico de esta población.

BACKGROUND: The spread of SARS-CoV-2 required widespread lockdown to mitigate the pandemic. Argentine authorities imposed preventive social isolation for 234 days (March 20th to November 9th 2020). This measure led to major changes in the population's lifestyle. AIM: To examine the influence of COVID-19 lockdown measures on the metabolic profile of HIV-infected patients in Argentina. METHODS: Retrospective cohort study of 10,239 HIV-infected patients under follow up in a private clinic for HIV care. Adult patients with ongoing antiretroviral therapy (ART) and a baseline determination of blood glucose, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides done before lockdown (BL: second semester of 2019) and a second determination during lockdown (DL: May 2020) were included. Patients with recent changes in ART that may have metabolic impact, those starting lipid/glucose lowering agents and pregnant women were excluded. Categorical variables were compared using the χ2 test or Fisher's exact test, and continuous variables using the t-test or the Mann-Whitney test. A two-tailed value of p < 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: 540 individuals were included, median of age was 47 years and 74.6% were male. Median body mass index was 26.1 and 94.6% had low cardiovascular risk. There was a significant increase in the percentage of patients that met criteria for hyperglycemia (BL 4.8% and DL 8.5%, p < 0.001). We also observed significant (p < 0.001) increase in median (IQR) BL vs DL values in LDL-cholesterol [109 (90-128) vs 118 (97-139) mg/dL]; and triglycerides [120 (87-172) vs. 132 mg/dL (96-184)]. The proportion of patients with hyper-LDL cholesterolemia according to individual cardiovascular risk increased from 12.6 to 17.2% (p = 0.04). CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that quarantine, at least in its initial phases, may have a negative impact on the metabolic profile of this population.

Incidence and cause of abnormal cholesterol in children aged 2-18 years in a single center / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the abnormality and distribution of plasma cholesterol levels in single-center hospitalized children.@*METHODS@#The blood lipid levels of children aged 2-18 years who had blood lipid test results in Peking University First Hospital from June 2016 to June 2019 were etrospectively analyzed. Cholesterol oxidase method was used for total cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were detected by clearance method. The counting data were compared with chi-square test.@*RESULTS@#The survey had involved 11 829 children (7 087 were boys and 4 742 were girls). 1 822 (15.4%) children were with elevated total cholesterol, 1 371 (11.6%) children with elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and 2 798 (23.7%) children with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol reduction. The total number of the children with abnormal cholesterol levels was 4 427 (37.4%). Among the 7 835 children who visited hospital due to the disease not commonly inducing dyslipidemia, 731 (9.3%) had elevated TC, 561 (7.2%) had elevated LDL-C, 1 886 (24.1%) had decreased HDL-C, and 2 576 (32.9%) had abnormal cholesterol levels. Among the children with different diseases, the difference in the incidence of abnormal cholesterol was statistically significant. The top three main groups of the children with increased total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were "dyslipidemia", "urinary tract disease", and "nutritional disease"; The top three main groups of the children with reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were "respiratory diseases", "dyslipidemia", "hematological diseases and malignant tumors". Among the 1 257 blood li-pid test results sent by other departments, 300 cases had abnormal cholesterol levels (23.8%). Among them, there were 70 children with hypercholesterolemia (5.6%), 44 children with increased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (3.5%), and 224 children with reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (17.8%). There were 365 (4.6%) children with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ≥140 mg/dL (3.6 mmol/L) who needed to further exclude familiar hypercholesterolemia among the children who visited hospitals due to the disease not commonly inducing dyslipidemia.@*CONCLUSION@#Children in hospitals have a high incidence of cholesterol abnormalities. Doctors need to pay more attention to the cholesterol diagnosis and management regardless of the discipline, which not only helps to control secondary hypercholesterolemia, but also provides the possibility of detecting familial hypercholesterolemia in time.

Early predictive value of high density lipoprotein cholesterol for secondary acute kidney injury in sepsis patients / 中华烧伤杂志

Objective: To investigate the changes of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in sepsis patients and its early predictive value for secondary acute kidney injury (AKI) in such patients. Methods: A retrospective case series study was conducted. From June 2019 to June 2021, 232 sepsis patients who met the inclusion criteria were admitted to the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, including 126 males and 106 females, aged 24 to 71 years. According to whether complicating secondary AKI, the patients were divided into non-AKI group (n=158) and AKI group (n=74). Data of patients between the two groups were compared and statistically analyzed with independent sample t test or chi-square test, including the sex, age, body mass index (BMI), body temperature, heart rate, primary infection site, combined underlying diseases, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ (APACHE Ⅱ) score and sepsis-related organ failure assessment (SOFA) score at admission, and the serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin, creatinine, cystatin C, and HDL-C measured at diagnosis of sepsis. The multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed on the indicators with statistically significant differences between the two groups to screen the independent risk factors for developing secondary AKI in 232 sepsis patients, and the joint prediction model was established based on the independent risk factors. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of the independent risk factors and the joint prediction model predicting secondary AKI in 232 sepsis patients were drawn, and the area under the curve (AUC), the optimal threshold, and the sensitivity and specificity under the optimal threshold were calculated. The quality of the above-mentioned AUC was compared by Delong test, and the sensitivity and specificity under the optimal threshold were compared using chi-square test. Results: The sex, age, BMI, body temperature, heart rate, primary infection site, combined underlying diseases, and CRP level of patients between the two groups were similar (P>0.05). The procalcitonin, creatinine, cystatin C, and scores of APACHE Ⅱ and SOFA of patients in AKI group were all significantly higher than those in non-AKI group (with t values of -3.21, -16.14, -12.75, -11.13, and -12.88 respectively, P<0.01), while the HDL-C level of patients in AKI group was significantly lower than that in non-AKI group (t=6.33, P<0.01). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that creatinine, cystatin C, and HDL-C were the independent risk factors for secondary AKI in 232 sepsis patients (with odds ratios of 2.45, 1.68, and 2.12, respectively, 95% confidence intervals of 1.38-15.35, 1.06-3.86, and 0.86-2.56, respectively, P<0.01). The AUCs of ROC curves of creatinine, cystatin C, HDL-C, and the joint prediction model for predicting secondary AKI in 232 sepsis patients were 0.69, 0.79, 0.89, and 0.93, respectively (with 95% confidence intervals of 0.61-0.76, 0.72-0.85, 0.84-0.92, and 0.89-0.96, respectively, P values all below 0.01); the optimal threshold were 389.53 μmol/L, 1.56 mg/L, 0.63 mmol/L, and 0.48, respectively; the sensitivity under the optimal threshold were 76.6%, 81.4%, 89.7%, and 95.5%, respectively; the specificity under the optimal threshold values were 78.6%, 86.7%, 88.6%, and 96.6%, respectively. The AUC quality of cystatin C was significantly better than that of creatinine (z=2.34, P<0.05), the AUC quality and sensitivity and specificity under the optimal threshold of HDL-C were all significantly better than those of cystatin C (z=3.33, with χ2 values of 6.43 and 7.87, respectively, P<0.01) and creatinine (z=5.34, with χ2 values of 6.32 and 6.41, respectively, P<0.01); the AUC quality and sensitivity and specificity under the optimal threshold of the joint prediction model were all significantly better than those of creatinine, cystatin C, and HDL-C (with z values of 6.18, 4.50, and 2.06, respectively, χ2 values of 5.31, 7.23, 3.99, 6.56, 7.34, and 4.00, respectively, P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusions: HDL-C level in sepsis patients with secondary AKI is significantly lower than that in patients without secondary AKI. This is an independent risk factor for secondary AKI in sepsis patients with a diagnostic value being superior to that of creatinine and cystatin C. The combination of the aforementioned three indicators would have higher predicative valuable for secondary AKI in sepsis patients.

Relationship between pesticide exposure and lipid metabolism in population / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective: To investigate the effect of pesticides and herbicides on lipid metabolism. Methods: In November 2020, Based on the data of the national health and Nutrition Survey (NHANES) (2011-2014) , select the population aged 20~65 who have demographic information, pesticide use and data of four lipid metabolism indicators [total cholesterol (TC) , triglyceride (TG) , high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC) ] (n=3039) . The subjects were divided into insecticide group (320 people) and non insecticide group (2719) according to the use of insecticides, and herbicide group (156 people) and non herbicide group according to the use of herbicides. Results: Among the 3039 subjects, the males and female were 1509 (49.7%) and 1530 (50.3%) respectively. The males age was (39.7±12.0) years and the females age was (40.2±12.0) years The concentration of HDLC in the NHANES (55.4±15.0) mg/dl was lower than that of (58.2±14.2) mg/dL in the non herbicide group (P<0.05) (b=-0.044, P<0.05) . The results showed that the use of herbicides was related to the decrease of HDLC and the increase of LDLC and LDLC/HDLC in female population (b=-0.050, 0.062, 0.067, all P<0.05) . Conclusion: Herbicide exposure can cause the change of lipid metabolism, and the effect on female population is more obvious.

Correlation of serum lipids levels of Alzheimer's disease patients with sex, age and apolipoprotein E gene polymorphism / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective: To explore the correlation of serum lipids levels of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients with sex, age and apolipoprotein E (Apo E) gene polymorphism. Methods: The retrospective study method was used, and 407 AD patients (142 males and 265 females, aged 52-91 years) were selected from Beijing Tiantan Hospital from January 2015 to August 2021 as the research target, and 894 healthy persons (339 males and 555 females, aged 52-94 years) who did body examination were selected as the control group. The AD patients were divided into four age groups according to the age interval of 10 years, including 85 aged 50-59 years, 163 aged 60-69 years, 119 aged 70-79 years, and 40 aged more than 80 years. The serum lipids levels were detected by biochemical analyzer, including triglycerides (TG), cholesterol (CHO), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), apolipoproteinA1(Apo A1) and apolipoprotein B (Apo B). ApoE gene polymorphism were detected by PCR fluorescent probe method. Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis H test were used to compare the serum lipids levels in each group. Results: The levels of serum CHO and LDL-C were 3.30(1.41,4.82) mmol/L and 1.76(1.39,2.78) mmol/L in AD patients, and 4.84(4.24, 5.56) mmol/L and 2.91(2.36, 3.57) mmol/L in control group, and the levels of serum CHO and LDL-C of AD patients were significantly lower than control group (Z=-15.172,Z=-14.583 , P<0.001, P<0.001). The levels of serum HDL-C and Apo B were 1.84(1.30, 3.88) mmol/L and 1.17(0.85, 1.57) g/L in AD patients, and 1.39(1.18, 1.64) mmol/L and 0.93(0.81, 1.09) g/L in control group, and the levels of serum HDL-C and Apo-B of AD patients were significantly higher than control group (Z=-12.249 , Z=-9.706 , P<0.001, P<0.001). There was no significant difference in TG and Apo A1 between 2 groups (Z=-1.577 , Z=-0.408 , P=0.115, P=0.683). The levels of TG, CHO, LDL-C in female AD patients were significantly higher than male patients (Z=-2.737 , Z=-3.963 , Z=-4.417, P=0.006, P<0.001, P<0.001). There were significant differences in TG, CHO, HDL-C, LDL-C, Apo A1 and Apo B among AD patients of all age groups (Z=11.263 , Z=10.060 , Z=40.246 , Z=10.451 , Z=24.315 , Z=19.922 , P=0.010 , P=0.018 , P<0.001 , P=0.015 , P<0.001 , P<0.001). The serum CHO and LDL-C levels were positively correlated with age (rs=0.160, rs=0.174, P=0.001, P<0.001), and HDL-C, Apo A1 and Apo B levels were negatively correlated with age (rs=-0.312, rs=-0.272, rs=-0.146, P<0.001, P<0.001, P=0.003), and there was no correlation between TG level and age in AD patients (rs=0.086, P=0.082). There were 3 cases (3.33%) of E2, 43 cases of E3 (47.78%) and 44 cases of E4 (48.89%) in AD patients, and 22 cases (12.72%) of E2, 117 cases of E3 (67.63%) and 34 cases of E4 (19.65%) in control group. There was significant difference in Apo E genotype distribution between AD patients and control group (χ²=26.381 , P<0.001). Apo E4 was the most common genotype in AD patients, and the proportion was 48.89%. Except for Apo A1(Z=7.821 , P=0.020), there was no significant difference in TG, CHO, HDL-C, LDL-C and Apo B levels among all patients with different genotypes (Z=3.732 , Z=1.677 , Z=1.455 , Z=1.619 , Z=2.202 , P=0.155, P=0.432, P=0.483, P=0.445, P=0.333). Conclusion: The levels of CHO and LDL-C decreased while the levels of HDL-C and Apo B increased in AD patients. The dyslipidemia in AD patients might be correlated with age, but not sex and Apo E genotypes.

Effects of moderate dose rosuvastatin on carotid plaque in patients with diabetes mellitus evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging / 中华心血管病杂志

Objective: To observe the effect of lipid regulating therapy on carotid atherosclerotic plaque in diabetic patients. Methods: The REACH study, conducted between March 2009 and February 2012, enrolled asymptomatic patients with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) confirmed carotid atherosclerotic plaque, who had never taken lipid-lowering drugs. Patients were treated with a moderate dose of rosuvastatin for 24 months. Blood lipid levels were measured and carotid MRI was performed at baseline, 3 and 24 months after treatment. The volume of carotid wall and lipid-rich necrotic core (LRNC) were measured by image analysis software. This study retrospectively analyzed patients in the REACH study. Patients were divided into diabetes group and non-diabetic group. The changes of blood lipid level and MRI parameters of carotid atherosclerotic plaque were compared between the two groups and their correlation was analyzed. Results: A total of 38 patients with carotid atherosclerotic plaque were included in this study, including 13 patients (34.2%) in the diabetic group and 25 patients (65.8%) in the non-diabetic group. Baseline parameters were comparable between the two groups, except higher HbA1c level in diabetes group (P<0.05). Compared with baseline, the total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglyceride (TG) levels were significantly decreased at 3 and 24 months in both two groups (P<0.05). The change of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in diabetes group was not obvious, while it was significantly increased in non-diabetic group at 24 months ((1.38±0.33) mmol/l vs. (1.26±0.26) mmol/l, P<0.05). MRI results showed that the volume and percentage of LRNC remained unchanged at 3 months, slightly decreased at 24 months (64.86 (45.37, 134.56) mm3 vs. 75.76 (48.20, 115.64) mm3, P>0.05) and (15.84% (11.47%, 24.85%) vs. 16.95% (11.64%, 22.91%), P>0.05) in diabetic group. In non-diabetic group, the volume and percentage of LRNC were significantly decreased at 3 months (63.01 (44.25, 188.64) mm3 vs. 72.49 (51.91, 199.59) mm3, P<0.05) and (13.76% (8.81%, 27.64%) vs. 16.04% (11.18%, 27.05%), P<0.05) respectively. Both parameters further decreased to (55.63 (27.18, 179.40) mm3) and (12.71% (8.39%, 24.41%)) at 24 months (both P<0.05). Wall volume, lumen volume and percent wall volume (PWV) were not affected post therapy in both two groups(P>0.05). There were no correlations between the changes of plaque parameters including volume and percentage of LRNC, wall volume, lumen volume, PWV and the changes of blood lipid parameters (TC, LDL-C, HDL-C and TG) in 3 and 24 months (P>0.05). Conclusion: Lipid-lowering therapy possesses different effects on carotid atherosclerotic plaque in diabetic and non-diabetic patients, and the LRNC improvement is more significant in non-diabetic patients as compared to diabetic patients.

Proteomics: a tool to investigate of composition and function of HDL in hyperlipidemia / Proteômica: uma ferramenta para a investigação da composição e função da HDL em hiperlipidemia

The inverse relationship between HDL-C (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) and cardiovascular disease is well established. However, it is consensus that the cholesterol content present in HDL does not capture its complexity, and other metrics need to be explored. HDL is a heterogeneous, protein-enriched particle with functions going beyond lipid metabolism. In this way, its protein content seems to be attractive to investigate its behavior in the face of pathologies. Many of the proteins with important function in HDL are in low abundance (<1% of total proteins), which makes their detection challenging. Quantitative proteomics allows detecting proteins with high precision and robustness in complex matrix. However, quantitative proteomics is still poorly explored in the context of HDL. In this sense, in the second chapter of this thesis, the analytical performance of two quantitative methodologies was carefully investigated. These methods achieved adequate linearity and high precision using labeled peptides in a pool HDL, in addition to comparable ability to differentiate proteins from HDL subclasses of healthy subjects. Another bottleneck that waits for a solution in proteomics is the lack of standardization in data processing and analysis after mass spectrometry acquisition. In addition, interest in the cardioprotective properties of omega-3 is growing, but little is known about its effects on the HDL proteome. Thus, in the third chapter of this thesis, we compared five protein quantification strategies using Skyline and MaxDIA software platforms in order to investigate the HDL proteome from mice submitted to a high-fat diet supplemented or not with omega-3. MaxDIA with label-free quantification (MaxLFQ) achieved high precision to show that polyunsaturated fatty acids remodel the HDL proteome to a less inflammatory profile. Therefore, the two studies presented in this thesis begin to open new paths for a deeper and more reliable understanding of HDL, both at the level of protein quantification by mass spectrometry and after data acquisition

A inversa relação entre HDL-C (do inglês, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) e doenças cardiovasculares é bem estabelecida. No entanto, é consenso que o conteúdo de colesterol presente na HDL não captura sua complexidade, e outras métricas precisam ser exploradas. A HDL é uma partícula heterogênea, enriquecida em proteínas, com funções que vão além do metabolismo de lipídeos. Dessa forma, seu conteúdo proteico parece ser mais atrativo para exprimir seu comportamento frente às patologias. Muitas das proteínas com função importante estão em baixa abundância (<1% do total de proteínas), o que torna a detecção desafiadora. Métodos quantitativos de proteômica permitem detectar proteínas com alta precisão e robustez em matrizes complexas. No entanto, a proteômica quantitativa ainda é pouco explorada no contexto da HDL. Nesse sentido, no segundo capítulo dessa tese, a performance analítica de dois métodos quantitativos foi criteriosamente investigada, os quais alcançaram adequada linearidade e alta precisão usando peptídeos marcados em um pool de HDL, além de comparável habilidade em diferenciar as proteínas das subclasses da HDL de indivíduos saudáveis. Outro gargalo que aguarda por solução em proteômica é a falta de padronização no processamento e análise de dados após a aquisição por espectrometria de massas. Além disso, é crescente o interesse das propriedades cardioprotetivas do ômega-3, porém pouco se conhece sobre seus efeitos no proteoma da HDL. Então, no terceiro capítulo dessa tese, comparamos cinco estratégias de quantificação de proteínas utilizando os softwares Skyline e MaxDIA com o intuito de comparar o proteoma da HDL de camundongos submetidos a uma dieta hiperlipídica suplementados ou não com ômega-3. MaxDIA com quantificação label-free (MaxLFQ) apresentou alta precisão para mostrar que o ômega-3 remodela o proteoma da HDL para um perfil menos inflamatório. Portanto, os dois estudos apresentados nessa tesa começam a abrir novos caminhos para o entendimento mais profundo e confiável da HDL tanto por meio da quantificação das proteínas por espectrometria de massas quanto após à aquisição dos dados

Variáveis clínicas consideradas fatores de risco para a síndrome metabólica: um estudo transversal / Variables clínicas consideradas factores de riesgo para síndrome metabólico: un estudio transversal / Clinical variables considered risk factors for the metabolic syndrome: a cross-sectional study

RESUMO Objetivo Identificar os principais fatores de risco para a síndrome metabólica e sua relação com a percepção da qualidade de vida em colônias pesqueiras brasileiras. Métodos Incluímos 77 participantes com idade > 18 anos. Síndrome metabólica e qualidade de vida foram os principais desfechos do estudo. Consideramos nível de significância < 0,05 e todos os procedimentos foram aprovados pelo comitê de ética. Resultados A maioria dos participantes é do sexo masculino, solteiros, classe econômica D-E, carga horária trabalhada de 6 a 8 horas, tempo de serviço de 1 a 5 anos e dedicados exclusivamente à pesca. Conclusão: Perímetro abdominal e pressão arterial foram os critérios mais frequentes e de maior contribuição para a síndrome metabólica. Apesar de a qualidade de vida apresentar maior escore para o domínio relações sociais, neste estudo, o domínio físico foi o único associado a outra observação, na qual observamos correlação significativa com a pressão arterial sistólica.

RESUMEN Objetivo Identificar los principales factores de riesgo del síndrome metabólico y su relación con la percepción de la calidad de vida en las colonias pesqueras brasileñas. Métodos se incluyeron 77 participantes mayores de 18 años. El síndrome metabólico y la calidad de vida fueron los principales resultados del estudio. Se consideró un nivel de significancia <0.05 y todos los procedimientos fueron aprobados por el comité de ética. Resultados La mayoría de los participantes son hombres, solteros, clase económica D-E, jornada laboral de 6 a 8 horas, antigüedad de 1 a 5 años y dedicados exclusivamente a la pesca. Conclusión La circunferencia de la cintura y la presión arterial fueron los criterios más frecuentes y la mayor contribución al síndrome metabólico. Aunque la calidad de vida tuvo una puntuación más alta para el dominio de relaciones sociales, en este estudio, el dominio físico fue el único asociado con otra observación, en la que observamos una correlación significativa con la presión arterial sistólica.

ABSTRACT Objective To identify the main risk factors for metabolic syndrome and its relationship with the perception of quality of life in Brazilian fishing colonies. Methods We included 77 participants aged > 18 years. Metabolic syndrome and quality of life were the main study outcomes. We considered a significance level < 0.05 and all procedures were approved by the ethics committee. Results Most participants are male, single, economic class D-E, working hours of 6 to 8 hours, length of service from 1 to 5 years, and dedicated exclusively to fishing. Conclusion Abdominal perimeter and blood pressures were the most frequent criteria and the greatest contribution to metabolic syndrome. Although quality of life had a higher score for the social relationship domain, in this study, the physical domain was the only one associated with another observation, in which we observed a significant correlation with systolic blood pressure.

The effect of kefir consumption on the lipid profile for individuals with normal and dyslipidemic properties: a randomized controlled trial / O efeito do consumo de kefir no perfil lipídico em indivíduos com propriedades normais e dislipidêmicas: um ensaio clínico randomizado

ABSTRACT Objective This research was conducted as a prospective, self-controlled, eight-week clinical trial to investigate the effect of kefir consumption on the lipid profile of individuals with normal and dyslipidemic properties. Methods Kefir microorganisms given to volunteer subjects were determined using classical microbial count methods and qReal-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction. The study was carried out with 23 volunteer hospital health personnel between the ages of 20 and 55 who met the research criteria and did not have any health problems. The volunteers regularly consumed kefir on an empty stomach for four weeks. In the last stage, the eight-week study was completed by making blood and anthropometric measurements of the subjects, who continued to be studied without kefir consumption for four more weeks. Results Considering the changes in the serum lipid profiles of 13 individuals with dyslipidemic symptoms during the 4-week period they consumed kefir, Total Cholesterol values decreased by 9.15% compared to initial values, LDL-Cholesterol values decreased by 10.64%, HDL-Cholesterol values decreased by 6.9%, and triglyceride values decreased by 2.46%. The changes in the serum lipid profiles of 13 individuals with dyslipidemic findings at the end of an eight-week study were a 5.71% decrease in total cholesterol values (p<0.018) considered statistically significant, as well as a 5.31% decrease in LDL-Cholesterol values (p<0.021); the HDL-Cholesterol results were found to be significant with an 8.58% decrease in the values (p<0.035) and insignificant with a 17.21% increase in the triglyceride values (p<0.926). We concluded that regular kefir consumption was effective in both women and men in lowering total cholesterol and LDL-Cholesterol from blood lipid profiles, especially in individuals with dyslipidemic symptoms, while this effect was not observed in normal individuals. Conclusion Kefir can positively affect the total cholesterol and LDL-Cholesterol blood parameters of dyslipidemic individuals with high serum lipid values.

RESUMO Objetivo Esta pesquisa foi conduzida como um ensaio clínico prospectivo e autocontrolado de oito semanas para investigar o efeito do consumo de kefir no perfil lipídico de indivíduos com propriedades normais e dislipidêmicas. Métodos Microrganismos kefir dados a voluntários foram determinados usando métodos clássicos de contagem microbiana e de reação em cadeia da polimerase em tempo real. O estudo foi conduzido em 23 profissionais de saúde de hospitais voluntários, com idades entre 20 e 55 anos, que atendiam aos critérios da pesquisa e não apresentavam problemas de saúde. Os voluntários consumiram kefir com o estômago vazio regularmente durante quatro semanas. No último estágio, o estudo de oito semanas foi concluído com medidas de sangue e antropométricas dos indivíduos, que continuaram a ser avaliados sem consumo de kefir por mais quatro semanas. Resultados Considerando as mudanças nos perfis lipídicos séricos de 13 indivíduos com sintomas dislipidêmicos durante o período de quatro semanas em que consumiram kefir, os valores de colesterol total diminuíram em 9,15% em comparação com os valores iniciais; os valores de LDL-Colesterol diminuíram em 10,64%, os valores de HDL-Colesterol diminuíram em 6,9% e os valores de triglicerídeos diminuíram em 2,46%. Ao final de um estudo de oito semanas, o resultado foi considerado estatisticamente significativo, com queda de 5,71% nos valores de colesterol total (p<0,018); de 5,31% nos valores de Colesterol-LDL (p<0,021) e de 8,58% nos valores de HDL-Colesterol (p <0,035), e insignificantes com aumento de 17,21% nos valores de triglicerídeos (p<0,926). Como resultado do estudo, concluiu-se que o consumo regular de kefir foi eficaz em mulheres e homens na redução do colesterol total e do LDL-Colesterol dos perfis de lipídios no sangue, especialmente em indivíduos com sintomas dislipidêmicos, enquanto esse efeito não foi observado em indivíduos normais. Conclusão O kefir pode afetar positivamente os parâmetros sanguíneos do colesterol total e do LDL-Colesterol de indivíduos dislipidêmicos com altos valores de lipídios séricos.

Prevalência de dislipidemias e consumo alimentar: um estudo de base populacional / Prevalence of dyslipidemias and food consumption: a population-based study

Resumo O presente artigo objetivou estimar a prevalência de dislipidemias e sua associação e adequação da ingestão de gorduras saturadas, monoinsaturadas, trans, ômega-3 e carboidratos, em adultos de Viçosa-MG. Trata-se de um estudo transversal com 884 adultos com idades entre 20 e 59 anos. Foram coletados dados sociodemográficos, de consumo alimentar, antropométricos e bioquímicos da população. As associações entre as variáveis foram verificadas utilizando-se o teste qui-quadrado. Verificou-se elevada prevalência de dislipidemias na população (64,25%), com pelo menos um dos lipídeos séricos alterados. Houve predomínio de inadequação na ingestão de gorduras saturadas, trans, monoinsaturadas e carboidratos. Ressalta-se que a ingestão de ômega-3 esteve adequado para a maioria dos indivíduos. Adultos eutróficos apresentaram maiores prevalências de ingestão excessiva de gorduras saturadas e trans. Observou-se que 38,7% dos indivíduos com HDL-c reduzido apresentaram ingestão acima do recomendado de gordura saturada. A maioria dos indivíduos com triglicerídeos e razão TG/HDL-c elevada possuíam ingestão insatisfatória de gordura monoinsaturada. Faz-se necessária a avaliação de outros fatores que podem influenciar o padrão alimentar.

Abstract This study aimed to assess the prevalence of dyslipidemia and its association with an adequate intake of carbohydrates, saturated, monounsaturated, trans, and omega-3 fats among adults living in Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil. This is a cross-sectional study with 884 adults aged 20 to 59 years. Sociodemographic, food intake, anthropometric, and biochemical data were collected. Associations between study variables were investigated by the chi-square test. There was a high prevalence of dyslipidemia in the study population (64.25%), with most individuals having abnormal levels of at least one serum lipid component. Inadequate intakes of saturated, trans, and monounsaturated fats and carbohydrates were predominant. It is noteworthy that omega-3 intake levels were adequate in most individuals. Eutrophic adults showed a higher prevalence of excessive intake of saturated and trans fats. It was found that 38.7% of individuals with low levels of High Density Lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) had an excessive intake of saturated fat. Most individuals with high triglyceride levels or high triglyceride/HDL-c ratios had an insufficient intake of monounsaturated fat. Further studies are needed to evaluate other factors that may influence dietary patterns.

Optimal Cutoff of the TG/HDL-c ratio for Cardiovascular Risk in Hypertensive and Diabetic Patients Monitored by Primary Health Care in a city in Minas Gerais

Abstract Background The analysis of the atherogenic potential of the lipid profile for biomarkers, such as the TG/HDL-c ratio, predicts cardiovascular risk better than isolated lipids. Objective To identify the TG/HDL-c cutoff points for multiple risks (hypertension, Diabetes Mellitus, obesity) and to evaluate the association between sociodemographic, clinical, laboratory, anthropometric, and life habit variables and the TG/HDL-c ratio in hypertensive and/or diabetic individuals in the context of Primary Health Care. Methods This was a cross-sectional study with 833 hypertensive and/or diabetic patients, conducted between August 2017 and April 2018. The cutoff point of the TG/HDL-c were obtained by the ROC curve. Cardiovascular risk was discriminated by TG/HDL-c, categorized by the cutoff and evaluated in relation to multiple risks. The magnitude of the association between TG/HDL-c and independent variables was estimated by logistic regression. The significance level of p<0.05 was adopted for all tests. Results The cutoff values of TG/HDL-c (3.26 for men and 2.72 for women) were more sensitive and less specific than those in the literature. Women (OR=1.90 and 95% CI 1.13-3.20) and men (OR=4.58 and 95% CI 1.78-11.76) with multiple risks, and white men, alcohol users, with a history of stroke, had a higher chance of altered GT/HDL-c. Increases in glycosylated hemoglobin, glycemia, and phosphorus in women, and cholesterol, glycemia, and microalbuminuria in men increased the chances of altered TG/HDL-c. Being a former smoker and black reduced the chance of altered TG/HDL-c in women. Conclusions TG/HDL-c proved to be a good indicator for habitual use in Primary Care.

Uso de estatinas melhora a proteção cardiometabólica promovida pelo treinamento físico em ambiente aquático: Um ensaio clínico randomizado / Statin use improves cardiometabolic protection promoted by physical training in an aquatic environment: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Resumo Fundamento: O uso de estatinas destaca-se como a terapia mais frequentemente utilizada para o tratamento de dislipidemias e pode ser considerado a intervenção farmacológica mais eficiente para a redução da lipoproteína de baixa densidade (LDL). Por outro lado, o treinamento físico pode ser considerado uma estratégia não farmacológica eficiente e segura para promover melhorias no perfil lipídico. No entanto, não se sabe qual seria a influência das estatinas nas adaptações lipídicas decorrentes do treinamento aquático em populações com dislipidemia. Objetivos: Analisar a influência do uso de sinvastatina nas adaptações lipídicas decorrentes do treinamento aeróbico em meio aquático e de resistência em mulheres idosas com dislipidemia. Métodos: Sessenta e nove mulheres idosas (66,13 ± 5,13 anos), sedentárias e dislipidêmicas, tanto não usuárias quanto usuárias de sinvastatina (20 mg e 40 mg), foram randomizadas nos 3 grupos seguintes: treinamento aeróbico em meio aquático (WA), treinamento de força em meio aquático (WR) e grupo controle (GC). A duração total das intervenções, para todos os grupos experimentais, foi de 10 semanas, com 2 sessões semanais. As análises bioquímicas foram realizadas antes do início das intervenções e repetidas após o final do ensaio. Foram utilizadas equações de estimativa generalizada para comparar esses dados, estabelecendo α = 0,05. Resultados: Na análise por intenção de tratar, as participantes medicadas demonstraram uma redução de magnitude maior do colesterol total (CT) (−3,41 a −25,89 mg.dl−1; p = 0,038), LDL (−5,58 a −25,18 mg.dl−1; p = 0,007) e da relação CT/HDL (−0,37 a −0,61; p = 0,022) quando comparadas às participantes não medicadas, essa redução sendo estatisticamente significativa apenas no grupo WR. Conclusões: O uso de estatina incrementa as adaptações promovidas pelo treinamento físico aquático no CT, nos níveis de LDL e na relação CT/HDL, sendo mais pronunciado após WR.

Abstract Background: Statin use is highlighted as the most commonly utilized therapy for the treatment of dyslipidemias and can be considered as the most efficient pharmacological intervention for low-density lipoprotein (LDL) reduction. On the other hand, physical training can be considered an efficient and safe non-pharmacological strategy to promote improvements in lipid profile. However, the influence of statins on lipid adaptations arising from water-based training in populations with dyslipidemia is not known. Objectives: To analyze the influence of simvastatin use on lipid adaptations arising from water-based aerobics and resistance training in elderly women with dyslipidemia. Methods: Sixty-nine elderly (66.13 ± 5.13 years), sedentary, and dyslipidemic women, both non-users and users of simvastatin (20 mg and 40 mg), were randomized into the following 3 groups: water-based aerobic training (WA), water-based resistance training (WR), and control group (CG). Total duration of interventions, for all experimental groups consisted of 10 weeks, with 2 weekly sessions. Biochemical analyses were performed before the beginning of the interventions and repeated after the end of the trial. Generalized estimating equations were used to compare these data, setting α = 0.05. Results: In intention-to-treat analysis, the medicated participants obtained a greater magnitude of decrease in total cholesterol (TC) (−3.41 to −25.89 mg.dl−1; p = 0.038), LDL (−5.58 to −25.18 mg.dl−1; p = 0.007) and TC/HDL ratio (−0.37 to −0.61; p = 0.022) when compared to the non-medicated participants, and this decrease was statistically significant only in the WR group. Conclusions: Statin use enhances the adaptations promoted by water-based physical training in CT, LDL levels, and CT/HDL ratio, and it is more pronounced after WR.

The association between serum uric acid to high density lipoprotein-cholesterol ratio and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: the abund study

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, which is characterized by lipid being deposited into hepatocytes, affects nearly one in three adults globally. Inflammatory markers were suggested to be related with hepatic steatosis. Uric acid to HDL cholesterol ratio is proposed as a novel inflammatory and metabolic marker. We aimed to compare Uric acid to HDL cholesterol ratio levels of patients with Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease to those of healthy controls and find out potential correlations between Uric acid to HDL cholesterol ratio and other inflammatory and metabolic markers of Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. METHODS: Patients with a diagnosis of Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease who were on clinical follow-up in our institution were enrolled in the study as the Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease group, while healthy volunteers were enrolled as the control group. The Uric acid to HDL cholesterol ratio of the groups was compared and potential correlations were studied between Uric acid to HDL cholesterol ratio and fasting blood glucose, transaminases, serum lipids (triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol), weight, and body mass index. RESULTS: The Uric acid to HDL cholesterol ratio of the Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (13±5%) group was significantly higher compared to the Uric acid to HDL cholesterol ratio of the control (10±4%) group (p<0.001). Uric acid to HDL cholesterol ratio was significantly and positively correlated with fasting blood glucose, transaminases, triglyceride, body weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, and body mass index. A ROC analysis revealed that a Uric acid to HDL cholesterol ratio level greater than 9.6% has 73% sensitivity and 51% specificity in determining Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. CONCLUSION: Due to the inexpensive and easy-to-assess nature of Uric acid to HDL cholesterol ratio, we suggest that elevated Uric acid to HDL cholesterol ratio levels be considered a useful tool in diagnosing hepatic steatosis.