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Esse trabalho tem como objetivo investigar se o período do dia influencia no desempenho dos indivíduos numa bateria de TAF. A amostra foi composta por dez indivíduos de ambos os sexos (24,10 ± 0,96 anos), que realizaram o TAF nos três períodos do dia: manhã, tarde e noite, em três dias não consecutivos no decorrer de uma semana. O TAF foi composto por cinco testes (teste de preensão manual, teste na barra fixa, teste de flexão abdominal, teste de impulsão horizontal e Shuttle-run) para homens e quatro testes para as mulheres, que não realizaram o teste de força na barra fixa. No primeiro dia da bateria de testes, eles foram submetidos a avaliação antropométrica e de composição corporal com bioimpedância. Em cada dia de avaliação, os participantes tiveram a temperatura corporal aferida antes de iniciar os testes e responderam à percepção subjetiva de esforço (PSE) após cada teste. Para a análise estatística foi utilizado a anova one-way com post-hoc de bonferroni para comparar as diferenças de performance ao longo dos três períodos do dia. Não foram encontradas diferença significativas (P>0,05) no desempenho entre os testes realizados, nem na PSE nas comparações entre os três períodos do dia. A temperatura corporal foi significativamente (P<0,01) menor no período da manhã (36,28 ± 0,08 ºC) quando comparada ao período da tarde (36,54 ± 0,69 ºC) e da noite (36,70 ± 0,10 ºC). Assim, é possível concluir que o período do dia não influência o desempenho de adultos jovens em uma bateria de TAF.

This work aims to investigate whether the time of day influences the performance of individuals in a TAF battery. The sample consisted of ten individuals of both genders (24.10±0.96 years), who performed the FAT in three periods of the day: morning, afternoon and night, on three non-consecutive days over the course of a week. The FAT consisted of five tests (handgrip test, fixed bar test, abdominal flexion test, horizontal impulsion test and Shuttle-run) for men and four tests for women, who did not perform the strength test on the bar. fixed. On the first day of the battery of tests, they underwent an anthropometric and body composition assessment with bioimpedance. On each evaluation day, the participants had their body temperature measured before starting the tests and answered the subjective perception of exertion (RPE) after each test. For the statistical analysis, one-way anova with Bonferroni post-hoc was used to compare performance differences over the three periods of the day. No significant differences (P>0.05) were found in the performance between the tests performed, nor in the PSE in the comparisons between the three periods of the day. Body temperature was significantly (P<0.01) lower in the morning (36.28±0.08 ºC) when compared to the afternoon (36.54±0.69 ºC) and night (36.70 ±0.10 ºC). Thus, it is possible to conclude that the time of day does not influence the performance of young adults in a TAF battery.

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo investigar si la hora del día influye en el rendimiento de los individuos en una batería de pruebas de aptitud física (BAF). La muestra estuvo conformada por diez individuos de ambos sexos (24,10±0,96 años), quienes realizaron el BAF en tres momentos del día: mañana, tarde y noche, en tres días no consecutivos en el transcurso de una semana. La BAF constaba de cinco pruebas (handgrip test, test de barra fija, test de flexión abdominal, test de impulsión horizontal y Shuttle-run) para hombres y cuatro pruebas para mujeres, que no realizaron la prueba de fuerza en barra fija. El primer día de la batería de pruebas se les realizó una valoración antropométrica y de composición corporal con bioimpedancia. En cada día de evaluación, a los participantes se les tomó la temperatura corporal antes de comenzar las pruebas y respondieron la percepción subjetiva de esfuerzo (PSE) después de cada prueba. Para el análisis estadístico, se utilizó Anova unidireccional con Bonferroni post-hoc para comparar las diferencias de rendimiento en los tres períodos del día. No se encontraron diferencias significativas (P>0,05) en el rendimiento entre las pruebas realizadas, ni en el PSE en las comparaciones entre los tres períodos del día. La temperatura corporal fue significativamente (P<0,01) más baja en la mañana (36,28 ± 0,08 ºC) en comparación con la tarde (36,54 ± 0,69 ºC) y la noche (36,70 ± 0,10 ºC). Por lo tanto, es posible concluir que la hora del día no influye en el rendimiento de los adultos jóvenes en una BAF.

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Background and Objective@#Premature ventricular complex (PVC) burden exhibits one of three circadian types, classified as fast-type, slow-type, and independent-type PVC. It is unknown whether PVC circadian types have different heart rate variability (HRV) parameter values. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate differences in HRV circadian rhythm among fast-, slow-, and independent-type PVC. @*Methods@#This cross-sectional observational study consecutively recruited 65 idiopathic PVC subjects (23 fast-, 20 slow-, and 22 independent-type) as well as five control subjects. Each subject underwent a 24-hour Holter to examine PVC burden and HRV. HRV analysis included components that primarily reflect global, parasympathetic, and sympathetic activities. Repeated measures analysis of variance was used to compare differences in HRV circadian rhythm by PVC type. Results. The average PVC burden was 15.7%, 8.4%, and 13.6% in fast-, slow-, and independent-type idiopathic PVC subjects, respectively. Global, parasympathetic nervous system, and sympathetic nervous system HRV parameters were significantly lower in independenttype PVC versus fast- and slow-type PVC throughout the day and night. Furthermore, we unexpectedly found that tendency towards sympathetic activity dominance during nighttime was only in independent-type PVC.@*Conclusion@#The HRV parameters are reduced in patients with independent-type PVC compared to fast- and slowtype PVC. Future research is warranted to determine possible differences in the prognosis between the three PVC types.

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Se revisa en el binomio madre-recién nacidos o/y lactantes, los diferentes ritmos circadianos, especialmente del sueño, la secreción de melatonina y las características de la leche materna. Se aconseja manejo para evitar la cronodisrupción

It is reviewed in the binomial mother-newborns or/and infants, the different circadian rhythms, especially sleep, melatonin secretion and the characteristics of breast milk. Handling is advised to avoid chrono disruption

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Circadian rhythm is an internal regulatory mechanism formed in organisms in response to the circadian periodicity in the environment, which modulates the pathophysiological events, occurrence and development of diseases, and the response to treatment in mammals. It significantly influences the susceptibility, injury, and recovery of ischemic stroke, and the response to therapy. Accumulating evidence indicates that circadian rhythms not only regulate the important physiological factors of ischemic stroke events, such as blood pressure and coagulation-fibrinolysis system, but also participate in the immuno-inflammatory reaction mediated by glial cells and peripheral immune cells after ischemic injury and the regulation of neurovascular unit(NVU). This article aims to link molecular, cellular, and physiological pathways in circadian biology to the clinical consequences of ischemic stroke and to illustrate the impact of circadian rhythms on ischemic stroke pathogenesis, the regulation of NVU, and the immuno-inflammatory responses. The regulation of circadian rhythm by traditional Chinese medicine is reviewed, and the research progress of traditional Chinese medicine intervention in circadian rhythm is summarized to provide a reasonable and valuable reference for the follow-up traditional Chinese medicine research and molecular mechanism research of circadian rhythm.

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Circadian clock is an internal mechanism evolved to adapt to cyclic environmental changes, especially diurnal changes. Keeping the internal clock in synchronization with the external clock is essential for health. Mismatch of the clocks due to phase shift or disruption of molecular clocks may lead to circadian disorders, including abnormal sleep-wake cycles, as well as disrupted rhythms in hormone secretion, blood pressure, heart rate, body temperature, etc. Long-term circadian disorders are risk factors for various common critical diseases such as metabolic diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and tumor. To prevent or treat the circadian disorders, scientists have conducted extensive research on the function of circadian clocks and their roles in the development of diseases, and screened hundreds of thousands of compounds to find candidates to regulate circadian rhythms. In addition, melatonin, light therapy, exercise therapy, timing and composition of food also play a certain role in relieving associated symptoms. Here, we summarized the progress of both drug- and non-drug-based approaches to prevent and treat circadian clock disorders.

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The circadian clock is an evolutionary molecular product that is associated with better adaptation to changes in the external environment. Disruption of the circadian rhythm plays a critical role in tumorigenesis of many kinds of cancers, including prostate cancer (PCa). Integrating circadian rhythm into PCa research not only brings a closer understanding of the mechanisms of PCa but also provides new and effective options for the precise treatment of patients with PCa. This review begins with patterns of the circadian clock, highlights the role of the disruption of circadian rhythms in PCa at the epidemiological and molecular levels, and discusses possible new approaches to PCa therapy that target the circadian clock.

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Circadian rhythm is regulated by circadian clock, which is formed by the body response to external cyclic stimuli through the endogenous circadian clock. Circadian rhythm disturbance is closely related to the risks of a variety of diseases, and its impact on oral health cannot be ignored. Exploring the relationship and related molecular mechanism between circadian rhythm and dental hard tissues development are helpful to deeply understand the pathogenesis of developmental defects on these tissues, which could provide a theoretical basis for prevention and treatment on disorders of dental hard tissues. In order to provide guidance for the disease prevention and treatment, based on the summarization of current research progress, this paper focuses on the involvement of biorhythm in the development of tooth hard tissues as well as the disturbance of circadian rhythm on the formation of enamel and dentin, and analyzes the related regulating mechanism of circadian rhythm and genes during the development of tooth hard tissues.

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Circadian rhythm refers to the daily rhythmic variations in an organism. The irregular lifestyles of modern humans have led to a high incidence of chronic diseases, highlighting an inseparable relationship between disrupted circadian rhythm and disease development. TCM has long discussed rhythmic variations, with records dating back to the Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon(Huang Di Nei Jing), which laid a rich theoretical foundation for the research on circadian rhythm. Modern medical research has provided a more comprehensive explanation of its molecular mechanisms. This article integrated the current understanding of circadian rhythm in both Chinese and western medicine, emphasizing the crucial relationship between rhythm regulation and disease treatment. By highlighting the interdisciplinary nature of the two fields, it offers new directions for exploring the field of chronomedicine.

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Fundamento: el análisis del impacto de la gestión docente es un requerimiento de la responsabilidad social universitaria. Objetivo: analizar el impacto del curso electivo Ritmo Circadiano y Salud, a través de la apreciación de los estudiantes, en la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas "Salvador Allende", durante el curso 2022-2023. Métodos: se desarrolló una investigación descriptiva, no experimental, con enfoque cualitativo, aplicando la metodología del estudio de caso. Se utilizaron métodos teóricos: análisis-síntesis e inducción-deducción, y empíricos: revisión documental y entrevista grupal a estudiantes. Resultados: de manera unánime se manifestó por los estudiantes la adquisición de conocimientos nuevos, de importancia para la práctica profesional, mediante el asesoramiento en el procesamiento de información, para la participación en una actividad virtual no conocida, así como la posibilidad de vivenciar en su entorno una problemática de salud asociada al tema del curso. Conclusiones: la apreciación por los estudiantes participantes del curso electivo Ritmo Circadiano y Salud, indicó un impacto positivo desde los puntos de vista cognitivo, educativo y social.

Background: the analysis of the impact of teaching management is a requirement of university social responsibility. Objective: to analyze the impact of the elective course Circadian Rhythm and Health, through the appreciation of the students, in the "Salvador Allende" Faculty of Medical Sciences, during the 2022-2023 academic year. Method: a descriptive, non-experimental investigation was developed, with a qualitative approach, applying the case study methodology. Theoretical methods were used: analysis-synthesis and induction-deduction, and empirical ones: documentary review and group interview with students. Results: the students unanimously expressed the acquisition of new important knowledge for professional practice, through advice on information processing, for participation in an unknown virtual activity, as well as the possibility of experiencing in their environment a health problem associated with the topic of the course. Conclusions: the appreciation by the participating students of the elective course Circadian Rhythm and Health, indicated a positive impact from the cognitive, educational and social points of view.

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Introdução: A pandemia por covid-19 acentuou a demanda de atendimento nos serviços de saúde, com maior sobrecarga de trabalho aos profissionais de saúde, especialmente os médicos. Essa sobrecarga pareceu maior, no início da pandemia, nos médicos que estão na linha de frente do atendimento, dada a maior chance de serem acometidos pela própria doença. Embora já se saiba que há fatores individuais, organizacionais e distúrbios do sono para desenvolver o burnout em profissionais de saúde, saber se a condição resultante do atendimento médico na linha de frente a pacientes com covid-19 afetou essa associação entre o burnout, pode abrir mais possibilidades para apoio a esses profissionais. Objetivos: A proposta da pesquisa é estimar a prevalência do burnout e possíveis fatores individuais, organizacionais e de distúrbios do sono associados ao esgotamento em médicos de todas as regiões do país durante a pandemia de covid-19. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a associação de fatores sociodemográficos (sexo e idade) e de, fatores relacionados à organização do trabalho (carga horária e local de trabalho), assim como a presença de distúrbios do sono (insônia, qualidade e quantidade de sono) com o burnout em médicos em um período no primeiro ano da pandemia de covid-19. Métodos: O estudo transversal foi realizado a partir de um banco de dados subsidiário coletado no período de 28 de maio a 28 de junho de 2020, elaborado por especialista do sono, de uma amostra de 2639 médicos das cinco regiões do Brasil com n=256 (9,7%) de perda de respostas. O questionário respondido consta de dados sociodemográficos e sobre distúrbios do sono em que foram realizadas estatística descritiva e testes de estatística inferencial. Resultados: A amostra de 2.639 médicos teve 256 (9,7%) perdas por questionários incompletos, constituindo, portanto, 2.374 (90,3%) profissionais. A prevalência de burnout encontrada antes da pandemia foi de 18,9% e aumentou para 31,3% durante o período da coleta de dados na pandemia, pela análise do componente de esgotamento emocional. Os fatores associados as maiores chances de burnout, segundo a análise de regressão, incluem a faixa etária de 25 a 39 anos (OR=2,76; IC95%=1,94-3,92); o sexo feminino (OR=1,67; IC95%=1,34-2,08); a atuação na linha de frente (OR=1,62; IC95%=1,30-2,02); o sono mais curto e de pior qualidade em relação ao período anterior à pandemia (OR=6,39; IC95%= 4,99-8,17) e não trabalhar em home office (OR=1,31; IC95%= 1,08-1,60). Conclusão: Os resultados desse estudo evidenciaram que os fatores com maior chance de desenvolvimento de burnout em médicos foram a faixa etária de jovem adulto, o sexo feminino, o trabalho na linha de frente, o sono curto e de má qualidade, além do trabalho presencial. Portanto, o presente estudo identificou pontos importantes para nortear o planejamento de ações preventivas ao burnout em médicos, considerando os fatores sociodemográficos, as condições de trabalho e aspectos relacionados ao sono, as quais são necessárias para garantir a qualidade e a continuidade de prestação de assistência à saúde da população, particularmente em emergências sanitárias.

Introduction: The covid-19 pandemic has accentuated the demand in health services with a greater workload for health professionals, especially physicians. This burden seemed greater, at the beginning of the pandemic, for physicians who are on the front line of care, given the greater chance of being affected by the disease itself. Although it is already known that there are individual and organizational and sleep disturbance factors for the development burnout in healthcare professionals, knowing whether the condition resulting from front line care of patients with covid-19 has affected this association between burnout may open up more possibilities. to support these professionals. Objectives: In this research, we propose to estimate the prevalence of burnout and possible individual, organizational factors and sleep disturbance factors associated with burnout in physicians from all regions of the country during the covid-19 pandemic. In this sense, the objective of this study was to evaluate the association of sociodemographic factors (gender and age) and factors related to work organization (workload and place of work), as well as the presence of sleep disorders (insomnia, quality and amount of sleep) with burnout in physicians in a period in the first year of the covid-19 pandemic. Methods: The cross-sectional study was carried out from a subsidiary database collected from May 28 to June 28, 2020, prepared by a sleep specialist, from a sample of 2639 physicians from the five regions of Brazil with n 256 (9, 7%) of lost responses. The questionnaire answered consists of sociodemographic data and data on sleep disorders in which descriptive statistics and inferential statistics tests were performed. Results: From a sample of 2,639 physicians, with 2,374 (90.3%) professionals who answered the questionnaire completely and losses of 256 (9.7%) due to incomplete questionnaires. The prevalence of burnout found before the pandemic was 18.9% and increased to 31.3% during the period of data collection in the pandemic, according to the analysis of the emotional exhaustion component. Factors associated with greater chances of burnout, according to regression analysis, include the age group from 25 to 39 years old (OR=2,76; IC95%=1,94- 3,92); the female gender (OR=1,67; IC95%=1,34-2,08); performance on the front line (OR= 1,62; IC95%=1,30-2,02); shorter and worse quality sleep compared to the period before the pandemic (OR=6,39; IC95%= 4,99-8,17) and not work at home office (OR=1,31; IC95%= 1,08-1,60). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the factors with a greater chance of developing burnout in physicians were the age group of young adult, female gender, frontline work, short and poor quality sleep, in addition to face-to-face work .Therefore, the present study identified important points to guide the planning of preventive actions against burnout in physicians, considering sociodemographic factors, working conditions and aspects related to sleep, which are necessary to guarantee the quality and continuity of health care for the population, particularly in health emergency situations.

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Introdução: trabalhar em turnos interfere no ritmo circadiano e, em algumas pessoas, principalmente naquelas que têm um ritmo circadiano mais rígido, pode provocar alterações em sua saúde e bem-estar. Para além dos distúrbios do sono, outros processos de adoecimentos, têm sido relacionados com o trabalho por turnos. Objetivo: identificar as características sociodemográficas, ocupacionais, hábitos de vida, cronotipo, qualidade do sono, sonolência e parâmetros objetivos do sono entre enfermeiros. Método: estudo, exploratório, correlacional e quantitativo. Para a obtenção dos dados foram utilizados um questionário com perguntas sobre as características sociodemográficas, hábitos de vida e as condições de trabalho; o Inventário de Cronotipo, a Escala de Pittsburgh para avaliação da qualidade do sono e a Escala de Epworth, para avaliar a Sonolência. A avaliação do sono, foi realizada por meio do Diário de Sono e das actigrafias para a investigação dos trabalhadores nos períodos sono e vigília. Resultados: estudo realizado com 42 enfermeiros hospitalares, a qualidade do sono dos participantes foi comprometida; foi considerada boa por 9,5% dos participantes, má por 64,3% e com distúrbios do sono por 26,2%. Nos que realizavam turnos rotativos, essa qualidade do sono foi identificada como má por 26,2%. Nas actigrafias, foram encontrados os valores de Latência do sono (6,33-2,74) e a Eficiência (83,22-5,57). As médias e desvios padrão dos demais parâmetros foram: Tempo Total/minutos - 312,32-75,09. Os participantes dormiam de forma fragmentada, com eficiência do sono reduzida. Sobre o cronotipo os resultados foram; vespertinos 9 (21,4%), indiferentes 17 (40,5%) e matutinos 16 (38,1%). Sobre a sonolência diurna excessiva foram encontrados os valores: Normal 13 (31,0%), Limítrofe 7 (16,7%), Leve 8 (19,0%), Moderada 13 (31,0%) e Grave 1 (2,4%). Conclusões: observou-se um predomínio feminino. O cronotipo dos participantes, apresentou destaque os indiferentes. Os resultados de qualidade do sono foram negativos, demonstrando certo comprometimento. A sonolência diurna excessiva também foi observada em um maior número de participantes. O sono dos participantes, foi comprometido. Espera-se que este estudo possa corroborar com a busca de melhores condições de trabalho para os profissionais de saúde.

Introduction: Working in shifts interferes with the circadian rhythm and, in some people, especially those who have a stricter circadian rhythm, it can cause changes in their health and well-being. In addition to sleep disorders, other illness processes have been linked to shift work. Objective: to evaluate sociodemographic and occupational characteristics, lifestyle habits, chronotype, sleep quality, sleepiness and objective sleep parameters among nurses. Method: exploratory study, correlational and quantitative. To obtain the data, a questionnaire was used with questions about sociodemographic characteristics, life habits and working conditions; the Chronotype Inventory, the Pittsburgh Scale to assess sleep quality and the Epworth Scale to assess sleepiness. The sleep assessment was carried out using the Sleep Diary and the actigraphies for the investigation of workers during sleep and wakefulness periods. Results: in a study carried out with 42 hospital nurses, the participants' sleep quality was compromised; was considered good by 9.5% of participants, poor by 64.3% and with sleep disorders by 26.2%. In those who worked rotating shifts, this quality of sleep was identified as poor by 26.2%. In the actigraphies, sleep latency (6.33-2.74) and efficiency (83.22-5.57) were found. The means and standard deviations of the other parameters were: Total Time/minutes - 312.32-75.09. The participants slept in a fragmented way, with reduced sleep efficiency. About the chronotype the results were; afternoon 9 (21.4%), indifferent 17 (40.5%) and morning 16 (38.1%). Regarding excessive daytime sleepiness, the following values were found: Normal 13 (31.0%), Borderline 7 (16.7%), Mild 8 (19.0%), Moderate 13 (31.0%) and Severe 1 (2 .4%). Conclusions: there is a female predominance. The chronotype of the participants highlighted the indifferent ones, followed by the morning ones. The sleep quality results were negative, demonstrating a certain impairment. Excessive daytime sleepiness was also observed in a larger number of participants. Participants' sleep was compromised. It is hoped that this study can corroborate the search for better working conditions for health professionals.

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Ritmos biológicos de insetos vetores têm sido estudados com o objetivo de melhor compreender seus comportamentos e traçar estratégias de controle mais eficientes para reduzir a disseminação de patógenos. Culex quinquefasciatus possui competência vetorial para diversos patógenos de importância médica, como a filária causadora da Filariose Bancroftiana e o arbovírus West Nile (WNV). O presente trabalho tem como objetivo estudar a atividade locomotora de Cx. quinquefasciatus em diferentes condições fisiológicas, comparando machos, fêmeas virgens, fêmeas inseminadas, fêmeas alimentadas com sangue e fêmeas inseminadas e alimentadas com sangue. Além disso, comparamos a atividade locomotora de fêmeas inseminadas por cópula com machos com a de fêmeas inseminadas a partir da inoculação intratorácica de extrato de glândulas acessórias de seus machos coespecíficos. Nossos resultados mostraram que a atividade locomotora de machos e fêmeas de Cx. quinquefasciatus é noturna, com pico pronunciado no apagar das luzes. Observamos que tanto as fêmeas virgens quanto as inseminadas, após alimentação sanguínea, apresentam redução da atividade locomotora durante a escotofase em comparação com os demais grupos, especialmente as inseminadas e alimentadas com sangue. Em contrapartida, as fêmeas inseminadas e não alimentadas apresentaram aumento significativo na atividade locomotora durante a escotofase em comparação aos demais grupos. Ao compararmos os grupos de fêmeas não injetadas - virgens e inseminadas - com os grupos das fêmeas injetadas, observamos que estas apresentaram menor atividade locomotora do que aquelas. Entre as não injetadas, fêmeas inseminadas apresentaram maior atividade locomotora do que as virgens, enquanto, entre os grupos das injetadas, as fêmeas virgens inoculadas com glândulas acessórias de machos coespecíficos apresentaram maior atividade do que as inseminadas injetadas com solução salina. Esse estudo fornece importantes informações acerca da atividade locomotora dessa espécie, que podem ajudar na compreensão da dinâmica de transmissão de patógenos, direcionar novas pesquisas, além de auxiliar na elaboração de estratégias de vigilância e controles.

Biological rhythms of insect vectors have been studied for better understanding their behavior and designing more efficient control strategies to reduce the spread of pathogens. Culex quinquefasciatus has vector competence for several pathogens of medical importance, such as the filaria that causes Bancroftian Filariasis and the West Nile arbovirus (WNV). The present study aims to evaluate the locomotor activity of Cx. quinquefasciatus in different physiological conditions, comparing males, virgin females, inseminated females, blood-fed females and inseminated and blood-fed females. In addition, we compared the locomotor activity of females inseminated by mating with males with that of females inseminated by intrathoracic inoculation of accessory gland extract from their conspecific males. Our results showed that the locomotor activity of males and females of Cx. quinquefasciatus is nocturnal, with a pronounced peak at the lights-off. We observed that both virgin and inseminated females, after blood feeding, showed reduced locomotor activity during scotophase compared to the other groups, especially inseminated and blood fed females. In contrast, inseminated and unfed females showed a significant increase in locomotor activity during scotophase compared to the other groups. When comparing the groups of non-injected females - virgin and inseminated - with the groups of injected females, we observed that the latter showed lower locomotor activity than the former. Among non-injected females, inseminated females showed greater locomotor activity than virgin ones, whereas, among injected groups, virgin females inoculated with accessory glands from conspecific males showed greater activity than inseminated females injected with saline solution. This study provides important information about the locomotor activity of this species, which can help in understanding the dynamics of pathogen transmission, direct new research, and help in the development of surveillance and control strategies.

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RESUMEN: Determinar las variaciones diurnas de las concentraciones de cortisol salival (CORTs) en adultos jóvenes sanos. Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal. Un total de 50 estudiantes universitarios, sin antecedentes de trastornos físicos o psiquiátricos, recogieron muestras de saliva completa no estimulada en sus hogares, por la mañana (6:30- 7:30 AM) y la tarde (4:00-6:00 PM). El CORTs se analizó utilizando inmunoensayo por quimioluminiscencia. El análisis estadístico de los resultados se realizó mediante la prueba t de Student y coeficiente de correlación de Pearson. El valor medio de CORTs de la mañana (0,29 ± 0,11 mg/dl) es significativamente más alto (t = 15,43, p < 0,0001) en comparación con la tarde (0,06 ± 0,03 mg/dl), con un coeficiente de variabilidad muy alto. La asimetría (As) y kurtosis (K) vespertinas (As=3,10; K=8,69) fueron mayores que las matutinas (As= 0,45; K= -1,07). Resultaron significativos los coeficientes entre CORTs-AM y CORTs-PM (r = 0,36, p = 0,0106), pero no entre CORTs edad, IMC y género. La variabilidad diaria, intra e interindividual, fue alta para todos los resultados de CORTs. Estos resultados facilitarán la interpretación de la variabilidad biológica del CORTS en salud y enfermedad.

ABSTRACT: To determine the diurnal variations of salivary cortisol (sCORT) concentrations in healthy young adults. Descriptive cross-sectional research design. A total of 50 university students, with no history of physical or psychiatric disorders, collected samples of unstimulated whole saliva at home, in the morning (6:30-7:30 AM) and in the afternoon (4:00-6:00 PM). The CORTs were analyzed using chemiluminescence immunoassay. Statistical analysis was performed using Student's t test and Pearson's correlation coefficient. The mean CORTs value in the morning (0,29 ± 0,11 mg/dl) is significantly higher (t = 15,43, p <0,0001) compared to the afternoon (0,06 ± 0,03 mg/dl), with a very high coefficient of variability. The asymmetry (As) and kurtosis (K) in the evening (As = 3,10; K = 8,69) were greater than in the morning (As = 0,45; K = -1,07). The coefficients between CORTs-AM and CORTs-PM were significant (r = 0,36, p = 0,0106), but not between CORTs with age, BMI and gender. Intra- and inter-individual daily variability was high for all CORTs results. These results will facilitate the interpretation of the biological variability of CORTS in health and disease.

ABSTRACT

The mammalian internal circadian clock system has been evolved to adapt to the diurnal changes in the internal and external environment of the organism to regulate diverse physiological functions, such as the sleep-wake cycle and feeding rhythm, thereby coordinating the rhythmic changes of energy demand and nutrition supply in each diurnal cycle. The circadian clock regulates glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, and hormones secretion in diverse tissues and organs, including the liver, skeletal muscle, pancreas, heart, and vessels. As a special "organ" of the host, the gut microbiota, together with the intestinal microenvironment (tissues, cells, and metabolites) in a co-evolutionary process, constitutes a micro-ecosystem and plays an important role in the process of nutrient digestion and absorption in the intestine of the host. In recent years, accumulating evidence indicates that the compositions, quantities, colonization, and functional activities of the gut microbiota exhibit significant circadian variations, which are closely related to the changes of various physiological functions under the regulation of host circadian clock system. In addition, several studies have shown that the gut microbiota can produce many important metabolites such as the short-chain fatty acids through the degradation of indigestive dietary fibers. A portion of gut microbiota-derived metabolites can regulate the circadian clock system and metabolism of the host. This article mainly discusses the interaction between the host circadian clock system and the gut microbiota, and highlights its influence on energy metabolism of the host, providing a novel clues and thought for the prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases.

ABSTRACT

High level noise can damage cochlear hair cells, auditory nerve and synaptic connections between cochlear hair cells and auditory nerve, resulting in noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL). Recent studies have shown that animal cochleae have circadian rhythm, which makes them different in sensitivity to noise throughout the day. Cochlear circadian rhythm has a certain relationship with brain-derived neurotrophic factor and glucocorticoids, which affects the degree of hearing loss after exposure to noise. In this review, we summarize the research progress of the regulation of cochlear sensitivity to noise by circadian rhythm and prospect the future research direction.

ABSTRACT

The soaring prevalence of obesity and its complications presents a significant health care burden, and there is currently a lack of effective and sustainable treatment methods. Time-restricted eating (TRE) is a specific intermittent fasting (IF) protocol involving consistent fasting and eating periods within a 24-hour cycle. Time-restricted eating can restore robust circadian rhythms and improve metabolic health, providing an emerging dietary strategy for the prevention and treatment of obesity and related metabolic diseases. Previous TRE trials laid the groundwork, and indicate a need for further clinical research including large-scale controlled trials to determine TRE efficacy and the mechanisms by which it may affect humans.

ABSTRACT

Circadian rhythm is an internal autonomous timing mechanism formed by the body in response to changes of external environment. It participates in the regulations of various physiological activities, affecting the formation and outcome of various diseases in the human body. This paper summarizes the changes of local tissue rhythms in common disease states, such as oral and maxillofacial malformations, inflammation and malignant tumors. The importance of circadian clock system to the activities of oral and maxillofacial tissues are dialectically analyzed, mainly on the mechanisms of action in maintaining oral health and in affecting the processes of common oral diseases and oral-related systemic diseases. At the same time, chronological therapy and new strategies of prevention and treatment for oral-related diseases based on the changes in tissue rhythm are summarized and prospected to provide new ideas for maintaining oral and systemic health.

ABSTRACT

The psychological distress of cancer patients seriously affects their therapeutic effects. Effective psychological rehabilitation of cancer patients significantly improves their survival chance and quality of life. Circadian rhythm results from adaptation to the environment during the organism's evolution. When the endogenous clock system is disrupted or the external environment is changed, the body and the environment are out of synchronization, and the circadian rhythm will be disrupted. Circadian rhythm disorder is a common phenomenon in cancer patients, and the changes of circadian rhythm are closely related to their psychological distress. Many studies believe that the circadian rhythm disorder of cancer patients may directly or indirectly affect their psychology through various mechanisms, and targeted intervention by regulating the circadian rhythm of patients may be an essential means to promote the psychological rehabilitation.

ABSTRACT

Difference of chronotypes makes influence to cognitive performance of individuals in routine duties. In this paper, 55 subjects with different chronotypes were subjected to continuous sleep deprivation for 30 h by using the constant routine protocol, during which core body temperature was measured continuously, and subjective sleepiness self-rating and the performance of selective attention were measured hourly. The results showed that the phase difference of core body temperature has no significant difference, yet the amplitude and term difference among the three chronotypes are significant. There was an advance in phase between subjective sleepiness self-rating and core body temperature, and the self-rating sleepiness of evening type came the latest, and the self-rating sleepiness of morning type dissipated the fastest. The response time of selective attention showed a 2 h phase delay with subjective sleepiness self-rating. And the analysis of core body temperature showed that the later the chronotype was, the greater the phase delay was. The correct rate of selective attention of different chronotypes were inconsistent with delay of subjective sleepiness self-rating and core body temperature. We provide reference for industry, aviation, military, medical and other fields to make a more scientific scheduling/ shifting based on cognitive performance characteristics of different chronotypes.