ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To observe the efficacy and prognosis of cladribine (2-CdA) combined with cytarabine (Ara-C) regimen in the treatment of relapsed refractory Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) in children.@*METHODS@#Nine patients with relapsed refractory LCH treated with the 2-CdA combined with Ara-C regimen in the Department of Hematology and Oncology of Wuhan Children's Hospital from July 2014 to February 2020 were retrospectively analyzed, and the efficacy and disease status were evaluated according to the Histiocyte Society Evaluation and Treatment Guidelines (2009) and the Disease Activity Score (DAS), the drug toxicity were evaluated according to the World Health Organization（WHO） grading criteria for chemotherapy. All patients were followed up for survival status and disease-related sequelae.@*RESULTS@#Before the treatment combining 2-CdA and Ara-C, 7 of 9 patients were evaluated as active disease worse (ADW), and 2 as active disease stable (ADS) with a median disease activity score of 8 (4-15). Of 9 patients, 6 cases achieved non active disease (NAD) and 3 achieved active disease better (ADB) with a median disease activity score of 0 (0 to 5) after 2-6 courses of therapy. All 9 patients experienced WHO grade IV hematologic toxicity and 3 patients had hepatobiliary adverse effects (WHO grade I～II) after treatment. The median follow-up time was 31(1 to 50) months with all 9 patients survived, 3 of the 9 patients experienced sequelae to the disease with 2 combined liver cirrhosis as well as cholestatic hepatitis and 1 with oral desmopressin acetate tablets for diabetes insipidus.@*CONCLUSION@#2-CdA combined with Ara-C is an effective regimen for the treatment of recurrent refractory LCH in children, and the main adverse effect is hematologic toxicity, which is mostly tolerated in children. Early treatment with this regimen may be considered for patients with multisystem LCH with risky organ involvement who have failed first-line therapy and for patients with relapse.
Subject(s)
Child , Cladribine/adverse effects , Cytarabine , Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell/drug therapy , Humans , Recurrence , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare disorder characterized by clonal proliferation of immature and abnormal bone marrow derived langerhans cells. Treatment is usually multimodal. Potent anti-monocyte as well as immunomodulatory activity of 2-CDA and its proven efficacy in many lymphoproliferative disorders has made 2-CDA a rational choice in treatment of LCH. AIM: To evaluate the efficacy and toxicity profile of 2-CDA in children with relapsed or refractory LCH. SETTING AND DESIGN: This is a pilot study and we present the initial data of the first seven patients treated at our institution. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seven patients of relapsed and refractory LCH were enrolled from July 2000 to June 2004. The cohort of seven patients included six males and one female with a median age at initiation of cladribine was 2.25 years (range, 1.67 to 7.0 years). Three patients had received one prior chemotherapy regimen while the rest were heavily pretreated. Cladribine was administered over two hours IV daily for five days and repeated every four weeks. RESULTS: After a median of six courses of cladribine (range, 2 to 9), two (33%) patients achieved PR and two (33%) patients have SD on imaging but are clinically better. None experienced grade 3 or 4 hematologic toxicity. At a median follow-up of 19 months (range, 8 to 52 months), five patients remain alive and one patient has died. CONCLUSION: Our study shows that single agent 2-CDA is active and well-tolerated in children with relapsed or refractory LCH.
Subject(s)
2-Chloroadenosine/adverse effects , Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/adverse effects , Antineoplastic Agents/adverse effects , Child, Preschool , Cladribine/adverse effects , Deoxyadenosines/adverse effects , Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions , Female , Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell/drug therapy , Humans , Infant , Male , Pilot Projects , Prospective Studies , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Cinco pacientes con Leucemia de Células Vellosas fueron tratados con clorodeoxiadenosina (4291-63-8), análogo de las purinas, resistente a la adenosin deaminasa, a dosis 0,1 mg/kg/día, siete días, endovenoso continuo. Todos presentaban infiltración de médula ósea, esplenomegalia y pancitopenia. Media de neutrófilos 0.5 x 10 9/L; de plaquetas 53.8 x 10 9/L, y de hemoglobina 7,52 g/dL. Todos lograron remisión completa, seguimiento de 9 a 33 meses; dos fallecieron a los nueve y dieciséis meses debido a otras causas. La recuperación plaquetaria precedió a la de neutrófilos y hemoglobina. El tiempo medio de recuperación de neutrófilos fue 41 días. Todos recibieron G-CSF a 5 microg./kg. Toxicidad: mielosupresión y fiebre. Promedio de transfusiones de GRD: 7 unidades y de plaquetas 5 procedimientos. Dos pacientes fueron tratados con interferón alfa 2 a 4.5 MU/día por medio, subcutáneo, por un año. Ambos obtuvieron remisión hematológica completa a los doce y trece meses de tratamiento. El nivel de hematocrito y hemoglobina se normalizó a los tres y cuatro meses de tratamiento; el recuento leucocitario a los cuatro y siete meses, y las plaquetas a los dos meses. Sólo un paciente requirió transfusión de GRD: cuatro unidades. Toxicidad: prurito generalizado, síndrome pseudogripal, náuseas y cefalea. Ambos persisten en remisión hematológica completa luego de veintisiete y cinco meses de finalizado el tratamiento. El interferón alfa y la clorodeoxiadenosina ofrece ventajas por la alta probabilidad de remisiones completas a corto plazo y durables en la evolución.