ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Recent studies have shown that low vitamin D levels constitute a potential risk factor for the development of cognitive impairment. The present study aimed to investigate the association between vitamin D levels and the suspicion of cognitive impairment in Chilean older adults. MATERIAL AND METHOD: We performed a cross-sectional study, including 1,287 participants ≥ 65 years (56.8% were women, age range 65 to 97 years) from the Chilean National Health Survey. Cognitive impairment was assessed using the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE). Participants were classified into three groups according to their vitamin D levels (> 29 ng/ml sufficient, 12-29 ng/ml deficit, and < 12 ng/ml severe deficit). The association between vitamin D levels and cognitive impairment was explored using logistic regression analysis, adjusted for confounding factors. RESULTS: The prevalence of vitamin D deficit and vitamin D severe deficit was 37.7% and 21.0%, respectively. Compared to older adults with sufficient levels of vitamin D, those with severe deficits had a 94% (OR: 1.94 [95% IC: 1.27; 1.66], p = 0.002) higher odds of cognitive impairment (unadjusted model). Adjusting according to sociodemographic factors, lifestyle, adiposity, sunlight exposure, and multimorbidity slightly attenuated the association to 61% (OR: 1.61 [95%IC: 1.03; 2.19], p = 0.046), but remain significant. CONCLUSION: A severe deficit of vitamin D was associated with higher odds of cognitive impairment in Chilean older adults independent of major confounding factors. Future studies are needed to provide causal evidence between vitamin D and the suspicion of cognitive impairment.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Vitamin D Deficiency/blood , Vitamin D Deficiency/epidemiology , Cognitive Dysfunction/blood , Cognitive Dysfunction/epidemiology , Socioeconomic Factors , Vitamin D/blood , Chile/epidemiology , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Risk Factors , Health Surveys , Mental Status and Dementia Tests , Sociodemographic FactorsABSTRACT
Abstract Background: The present study investigated the association between Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction (POCD) and increased serum S100B level after Robotic-Assisted Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy (RALRP). Methods: The study included 82 consecutive patients who underwent RALRP. Serum S100B levels were determined preoperatively, after anesthesia induction, and at 30 minutes and 24 hours postoperatively. Cognitive function was assessed using neuropsychological testing preoperatively, and at 7 days and 3 months postoperatively. Results: Twenty four patients (29%) exhibited POCD 7 days after surgery, and 9 (11%) at 3 months after surgery. Serum S100B levels were significantly increased at postoperative 30 minutes and 24 hours in patients displaying POCD at postoperative 7 days (p = 0.0001 for both) and 3 months (p = 0.001 for both) compared to patients without POCD. Duration of anesthesia was also significantly longer in patients with POCD at 7 days and 3 months after surgery compared with patients without POCD (p = 0.012, p = 0.001, respectively), as was duration of Trendelenburg (p = 0.025, p = 0.002, respectively). Composite Z score in tests performed on day 7 were significantly correlated with duration of Trendelenburg and duration of anesthesia (p = 0.0001 for both). Conclusions: S100B increases after RALRP and this increase is associated with POCD development. Duration of Trendelenburg position and anesthesia contribute to the development of POCD. Trial Registry Number: Clinicaltrials.gov (N° NCT03018522).
Resumo Introdução: O presente estudo investigou a associação entre Disfunção Cognitiva Pós-Operatória (DCPO) e aumento do nível sérico de S100B após Prostatectomia Radical Laparoscópica Assistida por Robô (PRLAR). Métodos: O estudo incluiu 82 pacientes consecutivos submetidos à PRLAR. Os níveis séricos de S100B foram determinados: no pré-operatório, após indução anestésica, e aos 30 minutos e 24 horas do pós-operatório. A função cognitiva foi avaliada com testes neuropsicológicos no pré-operatório, no 7° dia pós-operatório (7 DPO) e aos 3 meses após a cirurgia (3 MPO). Resultados: Observamos 24 pacientes (29%) com DCPO no 7 DPO e 9 pacientes com DCPO (11%) após 3 meses da cirurgia. Quando comparados com os pacientes sem DCPO, os níveis séricos de S100B estavam significantemente aumentados aos 30 minutos e às 24 horas do pós-operatório nos pacientes que apresentaram DCPO no 7 DPO (p= 0,0001 para os dois momentos) e 3 meses após a cirurgia (p= 0,001 para os dois momentos) A duração anestésica também foi significantemente maior em pacientes com DCPO no 7 DPO e 3 MPO em comparação com pacientes sem DCPO (p= 0,012, p= 0,001, respectivamente), assim como a duração da posição de Trendelenburg (p= 0,025, p= 0,002, respectivamente). O escore Z composto nos testes realizados no 7 DPO foi significantemente correlacionado com a duração da posição de Trendelenburg e a duração da anestesia (p= 0,0001 para ambos). Conclusão: S100B aumenta após PRLAR e o aumento está associado ao desenvolvimento de DCPO. A duração anestésica e o tempo decorrido em posição de Trendelenburg contribuem para o desenvolvimento de DCPO. Número de registro do estudo: Clinicaltrials.gov (n° NCT03018522)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Aged , Postoperative Complications/blood , Prostatectomy/adverse effects , Cognitive Dysfunction/blood , S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit/blood , Robotic Surgical Procedures/adverse effects , Postoperative Complications/diagnosis , Postoperative Complications/etiology , Prostatectomy/methods , Time Factors , Biomarkers/blood , Case-Control Studies , Prospective Studies , Sensitivity and Specificity , Head-Down Tilt/adverse effects , Area Under Curve , Cognitive Dysfunction/diagnosis , Cognitive Dysfunction/etiology , Operative Time , Robotic Surgical Procedures/methods , Anesthesia, General/adverse effects , Anesthesia, General/statistics & numerical data , Middle Aged , Neuropsychological TestsABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Background It has been proposed that Vitamin D helps reduce the accumulation of cerebral β-amyloid-42 by innate immune stimulation and phagocytosis activation. An association between low Vitamin D levels and Alzheimers dementia (AD) has been established. We determined the association between Vitamin D, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and AD in older Mexican adults (> 65 years) Methods Cross-sectional study conducted at the memory clinic in a tertiary-level hospital in Mexico City. We evaluated subjects with MCI, AD, and normal cognition (NC) with available serum Vitamin D [25(OH)D] levels (past 6 months). Three categories were assigned according to 25(OH)D levels: sufficiency (> 30 ng/mL), insufficiency (21-29 ng/mL), and deficiency (≤ 20 ng/mL). Descriptive statistics, means and standard deviations were used. Logistic regression analyses adjusted by age, sex, and educational level were performed Results We evaluated 208 patients. Mean age was 79 ± 1 year, 65% (n = 136) were female; and mean educational level was 6.7 ± 2.3 years. Thirty-one subjects (14%) had NC; 42% (n = 88) had MCI; and 43% (n = 89) had AD. Prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency was 54%, more frequent in the AD group (64%) followed by the MCI (59%) and NC (13%) (p < 0.001) groups. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, Vitamin D deficiency was associated with MCI (HR 25.02 [confidence interval 95% 4.48-139]; p < 0.001) and AD (HR 41.7 [5.76-301]; p < 0.001) after adjusting for confounders Conclusions Serum Vitamin D deficiency was associated with MCI and dementia; low levels produced a greater effect over executive functions.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Vitamin D/analogs & derivatives , Vitamin D Deficiency/complications , Alzheimer Disease/epidemiology , Vitamin D/blood , Vitamin D Deficiency/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Cognition , Dementia/etiology , Dementia/blood , Executive Function/physiology , Alzheimer Disease/blood , Cognitive Dysfunction/blood , Cognitive Dysfunction/epidemiology , Tertiary Care Centers , MexicoABSTRACT
Objective: To study the association between blood pressure related dietary pattern and cognitive impairment in the elderly. Methods: In 2015, all participants who were aged ≥60 and participated in the Nutrition and Chronic disease family cohort were involved in the study. Information on demographic variables, lifestyle and health status was collected. Cognitive performance was assessed by the Mini Mental State Evaluation (MMSE) scale. Blood pressure, height and weight were measured by trained medical personnel and fasting venous blood samples were collected for testing on serum level of triglycerides and total cholesterol. Both SBP and DBP were used as response variables when dietary patterns were identified by reduced rank regression method. Logistic regression models were fit to explore the associations of scores on blood pressure-related dietary pattern and cognitive impairment. Results: Two blood related dietary patterns were identified. The first one was characterized by high consumption of vegetables and less meat, eggs and dessert (Pattern 1), while the second one was with high consumption of meat, soy products, wine and fried foods and less intake of dairy (Pattern 2). Data showed that the Pattern 1 was associated with the risk of cognitive impairment. Comparing with the lowest quartile of score of this dietary pattern, the risk of cognitive impairment in the highest quartile group showed a significant (P<0.01) increase, with OR=1.94 (1.21-3.11) and showing significant (P=0.002) linear trend. However, no significant association was observed (P>0.05) with cognitive impairment in the second dietary pattern. Conclusion: Blood pressure-related dietary pattern was positively associated with cognitive impairment.
Subject(s)
Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Asian People , Blood Pressure/physiology , Body Weight , Cognitive Aging , Cognitive Dysfunction/blood , Cohort Studies , Diet , Feeding Behavior , Logistic Models , Meat , Nutritional Status , Red Meat , Risk Factors , Seafood , Surveys and Questionnaires , VegetablesABSTRACT
Abstract Introduction: Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is an adverse outcome of surgery that is more common after open heart procedures. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of tightly controlled blood glucose levels during coronary artery surgery on early and late cognitive decline. Methods: 40 patients older than 50 years undergoing elective coronary surgery were randomized into two groups. In the "Tight Control" group (GI), the glycemia was maintained between 80 and 120 mg dL-1 while in the "Liberal" group (GII), it ranged between 80-180 mg dL-1. A neuropsychological test battery was performed three times: baseline before surgery and follow-up first and 12th weeks, postoperatively. POCD was defined as a drop of one standard deviation from baseline on two or more tests. Results: At the postoperative first week, neurocognitive tests showed that 10 patients in the GI and 11 patients in GII had POCD. The incidence of early POCD was similar between groups. However the late assessment revealed that cognitive dysfunction persisted in five patients in the GII whereas none was rated as cognitively impaired in GI (p = 0.047). Conclusion: We suggest that tight perioperative glycemic control in coronary surgery may play a role in preventing persistent cognitive impairment.
Resumo Introdução: A disfunção cognitiva pós-operatória (DCPO) é um resultado adverso cirúrgico que é mais comum após cirurgias cardíacas abertas. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar o papel dos níveis de glicose no sangue rigorosamente controlados durante a cirurgia coronariana no declínio cognitivo precoce e tardio. Métodos: Foram randomizados em dois grupos 40 pacientes acima de 50 anos e submetidos à cirurgia coronariana eletiva. No grupo "controle rigoroso" (GI), a glicemia foi mantida entre 80-120 mg.dL-1; enquanto no grupo "liberal" (GII), variou entre 80-180 mg.dL-1. A bateria de testes neuropsicológicos foi feita três vezes: fase basal, antes da cirurgia e na primeira e 12ª semana de acompanhamento no pós-operatório. DCPO foi definida como uma queda de um desvio padrão da fase basal em dois ou mais testes. Resultados: Na primeira semana de pós-operatório, os testes neurocognitivos mostraram que 10 pacientes no GI e 11 pacientes no GII apresentaram DCPO. A incidência de DCPO precoce foi semelhante entre os grupos. No entanto, a avaliação tardia revelou que a disfunção cognitiva persistiu em cinco pacientes no GII, enquanto nenhum paciente foi classificado como cognitivamente prejudicado no GI (p = 0,047). Conclusão: Sugerimos que o controle glicêmico rigoroso no perioperatório de cirurgia coronariana pode desempenhar um papel na prevenção da deterioração cognitiva persistente.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Postoperative Complications/prevention & control , Postoperative Complications/blood , Blood Glucose/analysis , Coronary Artery Bypass/adverse effects , Cognitive Dysfunction/prevention & control , Cognitive Dysfunction/blood , Hyperglycemia/prevention & control , Postoperative Complications/etiology , Clinical Protocols , Double-Blind Method , Prospective Studies , Cognitive Dysfunction/etiology , Hyperglycemia/etiology , Middle AgedABSTRACT
La demencia es un desorden que se caracteriza por un deterioro progresivo que limita la funcionalidad del individuo. Se han postulado varios factores de riesgo independientes para su desarrollo, entre ellos la enfermedad renal crónica. Se realizó un estudio transversal en 328 participantes mayores de 55 años, para determinar la prevalencia de demencia y los factores asociados en pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica. La función cognitiva de los participantes fue evaluada con la prueba cognitiva Montreal y el cuestionario de actividad funcional de Pfeffer. Se obtuvieron datos acerca de comorbilidades, valores de hemoglobina, creatinina sérica, índice de masa corporal y presión arterial. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo de la muestra, estimación de la de prevalencia de demencia y determinación de la asociación de factores de riesgo con el desarrollo de demencia por medio de regresión logística. El 16.6% de los sujetos fueron clasificados con demencia, IC 95% [12.82, 21.11] y 47.0% con deterioro cognitivo leve, IC 95% [41.54, 52.51]. Se encontró asociación positiva entre demencia y edad (OR 1.10, IC 95% [1.05, 1.15], p < .001), diabetes (OR 3.25, IC 95% [1.62, 6.50], p = .001), y antecedente de trauma craneoencefálico (OR 3.28, IC 95% [1.18, 9.09], p = .022). La asociación fue negativa con hemoglobina (OR 0.71, IC 95% [0.58, 0.88], p = .002) y tabaquismo (OR 0.31, IC 95% [0.13, 0.78], p = .012).
Dementia is a disorder characterized by progressive cognitive impairment, which limits the functionality of the affected individuals. Several independent risk factors have been postulated for its development, including chronic kidney disease. A cross-sectional design was performed in 328 subjects over 55 years old to determine the prevalence of dementia and associated risk factors in patients with chronic kidney disease. Two tests were administered to evaluate cognitive function: Montreal Cognitive Assessment and Pfeffer Functional Activities Questionnaire. Data of comorbidities, hemoglobin, serum creatinine, body mass index and blood pressure was collected. A descriptive analysis of the sample was performed, prevalence of dementia was estimated and associated factors were analyzed with a logistic regression model. 16.6% of subjects were classified as demented, whereas 47.0% had mild cognitive impairment. Significant association was found between: dementia and age (OR 1.10 CI 95% [1.05,1.15], p< .001), hemoglobin (OR .71 [.58, .88], p=.002, diabetes (OR 3.25 [1.62,6.50], p=.001), smoking (OR .31 [.13,.78], p=.012) and traumatic brain injury (OR 3.28 [1.18, 9.09], p=.022).
Subject(s)
Middle Aged , Prevalence , Risk Factors , Dementia , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic , Peritoneal Dialysis/adverse effects , Dialysis , Cognitive Dysfunction/diagnosis , Cognitive Dysfunction/bloodABSTRACT
Objective: To present a critical review of publications reporting on the rationale and clinical implications of the use of biomarkers for the early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Methods: We conducted a systematic search of the PubMed and Web of Science electronic databases, limited to articles published in English between 1999 and 2012, and based on the following terms: mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer's disease OR dementia, biomarkers. We retrieved 1,130 articles, of which 175 were reviews. Overall, 955 original articles were eligible. Results: The following points were considered relevant for the present review: a) rationale for biomarkers research in AD and mild cognitive impairment (MCI); b) usefulness of distinct biomarkers for the diagnosis and prediction of AD; c) the role of multimodality biomarkers for the diagnosis and prediction of AD; d) the role of biomarkers in clinical trials of patients with AD and MCI; and e) current limitations to the widespread use of biomarkers in research and clinical settings. Conclusion: Different biomarkers are useful for the early diagnosis and prediction of AD in at-risk subjects. Nonetheless, important methodological limitations need to be overcome for widespread use of biomarkers in research and clinical settings. .