Uso de Hidróxido de Sodio como Alternativa en Técnica de Diafanización de Diente / Use of Sodium Hydroxide as an Alternative in Tooth Clearing Technique

Con el objetivo de conservar material cadavérico, se han creado diferentes técnicas y/o soluciones donde una técnica es la diafanización dental para estudiar la morfología interna del diente. Esta técnica consta en trasparentar el tejido calcificado del diente haciendo visible los conductos radiculares al inyectar una mezcla colorante en ellos. Se han descrito diferentes variantes de la técnica de diafanización como la técnica de Okumura y la técnica de Robertson, pero ambas técnicas utilizan reactivos tóxicos o de difícil acceso, por lo que se ha realizado una búsqueda de reactivos de bajo costo y fácil acceso para realizar la técnica de diafanización, reportándose que la técnica de diafanización por maceración con KOH es válida para diafanizar dientes. El objetivo del presente estudio fue utilizar NaOH en la técnica de diafanización dental por maceración, como una variante de KOH al ser una base de similar característica que el KOH. Se utilizaron 13 dientes (siete tercer molares, cinco premolares y un canino) para realizar tres variantes de la técnica de diafanización: técnica de Robertson, por maceración con KOH y por maceración con NaOH utilizando barra agitadora y agitador magnético en los dientes. Con la técnica de Robertson se obtuvo un diente completamente transparentado, mientras que los dientes diafanizados por maceración, tanto con KOH y NaOH, se transparentaron menos, aunque se hicieron visibles los conductos radiculares, por lo que el uso de NaOH en la técnica de diafanización por maceración es válida, aunque requiere más tiempo que la maceración por KOH.

SUMMARY: To preserve cadaveric material, different techniques, and solutions have been created where one technique is dental diaphanization to study the internal morphology of the tooth. This technique consists of making the calcified tooth tissue transparent and making the root canals visible by injecting a dye mixture into them. Different variants of the diaphanization technique have been described, such as the Okumura and the Robertson techniques. However, both techniques use toxic or difficult-to-access reagents, so a search has been made for low- cost and easily accessible reagents to perform the diaphanization technique, reporting that the diaphanization technique by maceration with KOH is valid for the diaphanization of teeth. This study aimed to use NaOH in the dental clearing technique by maceration as a variant of KOH since it is a base with similar characteristics to KOH. Thirteen teeth (seven third molars, five premolars, and one canine) were used to perform three variants of the diaphanization technique: Robertson technique, KOH maceration, and NaOH maceration using a stirring bar and magnetic stirrer on the teeth. With the Robertson technique, a completely transparent tooth was obtained, while the teeth cleared by maceration, with both KOH and NaOH, were less transparent, although the root canals became visible. Therefore, using NaOH in the diaphanization technique by maceration is valid, although it requires more time than KOH maceration.

Despigmentação precoce em caso de ceratopigmentação / Early depigmentation in case of keratopigmentation

RESUMO A ceratopigmentação teve seu primeiro registro pelo filósofo Galeno há muitos séculos como uma estratégia utilizada para o tratamento estético de pacientes com leucomas. As córneas com leucoma são patológicas e, muitas vezes, intolerantes a lentes de contato cosméticas ou próteses oculares, sendo comum a queixa de desconforto excessivo, proporcionado pela superfície corneana irregular. Assim, a ceratopigmentação é uma alternativa para a melhora estética de pacientes com opacidades corneanas. Descrevemos o caso de um paciente do sexo masculino, 39 anos, que apresentou despigmentação precoce em caso de ceratopigmentação associado a quadro de ceratite herpética necrotizante. O paciente foi submetido ao tratamento com aciclovir 2g ao dia e doxiciclina 200mg ao dia, evoluindo com melhora do quadro clínico, apesar da má adesão medicamentosa.

ABSTRACT Keratopigmentation was first recorded many centuries ago by the philosopher Galeno, as a strategy used for the aesthetic treatment of patients with leukomas. Corneas with leucoma are pathological and often intolerant of cosmetic contact lenses or ocular prostheses, with complaints of excessive discomfort provided by the irregular corneal surface being common. Therefore, keratopigmentation is an alternative for the aesthetic improvement of patients with corneal opacities. We describe the case of a 39-year old male patient, who presented early depigmentation in a case of keratopigmentation associated with necrotizing herpetic keratitis. The patient was treated with Acyclovir 2g/day and Doxycycline 200mg/day, evolving with clinical improvement, despite poor medication adherence.

Melatonin promotes osteogenesis of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells by improving the inflammatory state in ovariectomized rats / 中国修复重建外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effects of melatonin (MT) on bone mass and serum inflammatory factors in rats received ovariectomy (OVX) and to investigate the effects of MT on the levels of inflammatory factors in culture medium and osteogenic ability of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) stimulated by lipopolysaccharide.@*METHODS@#Fifteen 12-week-old Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into 3 groups. The rats in Sham group only received bilateral lateral abdominal incision and suture, the rats in OVX group received bilateral OVX, and the rats in OVX+MT group received 100 mg/(kg·d) MT oral intervention after bilateral OVX. After 8 weeks, the levels of serum inflammatory factors [interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α)] were detected using ELISA assay. Besides, the distal femurs were detected by Micro-CT to observe changes in bone mass and microstructure, and quantitatively measured bone volume fraction, trabecular thickness, and trabecular number. The BMSCs were extracted from the femurs of three 3-week-old SD rats using whole bone marrow culture method and passaged. The 3rd-5th passage BMSCs were cultured with different concentrations of MT (0, 1, 10, 100, 1 000 µmol/L), and the cell viability was then detected using cell counting kit 8 (CCK-8) to select the optimal concentration of MT for subsequent experiments. Cells were devided into osteogenic induction group (group A) and osteogenic induction+1/5/10 μg/mL lipopolysaccharide group (group B-D). The levels of inflammatory factors (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α) in cell culture medium were detected using ELISA assay after corresponding intervention. According to the results of CCK-8 method and ELISA detection, the cells were intervened with the most significant concentration of lipopolysaccharide for stimulating inflammation and the optimal concentration of MT with osteogenic induction, defining as group E, and the cell culture medium was collected to detect the levels of inflammatory factors by ELISA assay. After that, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and alizarin red staining were performed respectively in groups A, D, and E, and the expression levels of osteogenic related genes [collagen type Ⅰ alpha 1 chain (Col1a1) and RUNX family transcription factor 2 (Runx2)] were also detected by real time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR).@*RESULTS@#ELISA and Micro-CT assays showed that compared with Sham group, the bone mass of the rats in the OVX group significantly decreased, and the expression levels of serum inflammatory factors (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) in OVX group significantly increased (P<0.05). Significantly, the above indicators in OVX+MT group were all improved (P<0.05). Rat BMSCs were successfully extracted, and CCK-8 assay showed that 100 µmol/L was the maximum concentration of MT that did not cause a decrease in cell viability, and it was used in subsequent experiments. ELISA assays showed that compared with group A, the expression levels of inflammatory factors (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) in the cell culture medium of groups B-D were significantly increased after lipopolysaccharide stimulation (P<0.05), and in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, the expression levels of inflammatory factors in group D were significantly higher than those in groups B and C (P<0.05). After MT intervention, the expression levels of inflammatory factors in group E were significantly lower than those in group D (P<0.05). ALP staining, alizarin red staining, and RT-qPCR assays showed that compared with group A, the percentage of positive area of ALP and alizarin red and the relative mRNA expressions of Col1a1 and Runx2 in group D significantly decreased, while the above indicators in group E significantly improved after MT intervention (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#MT may affect the bone mass of postmenopausal osteoporosis by reducing inflammation in rats; MT can reduce the inflammation of BMSCs stimulated by lipopolysaccharide and weaken its inhibition of osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs.

Content of bone morphogenetic protein 2 in demineralized bone matrix prepared from different long bones and study of the osteogenic properties in vitro / 中国修复重建外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To measure the concentration of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) in demineralized bone matrix (DBM) prepared from different long bones and to evaluate the osteoinductivity of different DBM on MC3T3-E1 cells.@*METHODS@#Different bones from the same cadaver donor were used as the initial materials for making DBM, which were divided into ulna group (uDBM), humerus group (hDBM), tibia group (tDBM), and femur group (fDBM) according to the origins, and boiled DBM (cDBM) was taken as the control group. The proteins of DBM were extracted by guanidine hydrochloride, and the concentrations of BMP-2 were determined by ELISA assay. Then the DBM were co-cultured with MC3T3-E1 cells, the proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells was observed by cell counting kit 8 (CCK-8) assay. The osteogenic differentiation ability of MC3T3-E1 cells was qualitatively observed by alizarin red, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and Van Gieson staining, and the osteogenic differentiation ability of MC3T3-E1 cells was quantitatively analyzed by ALP content. Linear regression was used to analyze the effect of BMP-2 concentration in DBM on ALP synthesis.@*RESULTS@#There were significant differences in the concentration of BMP-2 among the DBM groups (P<0.05). The concentrations of BMP-2 in the lower limb long bone were higher than those in the upper limb long bone, and the concentration of BMP-2 in the fDBM group was about 35.5 times that in the uDBM group. CCK-8 assay showed that the cells in each group continued to proliferate within 5 days of co-culture, and the absorbance (A) values at different time points were in the order of cDBM group<uDBM group<hDBM group<tDBM group<fDBM group. After co-culture for 14 days, the expressions of ALP, calcified nodules, and collagen fibers in each group were consistent with the distribution of BMP-2 concentration in DBM. The order of ALP content from low to high was cDBM group<uDBM group<hDBM group<tDBM group<fDBM group, and the differences between the groups were significant (P<0.05). Linear regression analysis showed that y

Near-infrared excited graphene oxide/silver nitrate/chitosan coating for improving antibacterial properties of titanium implants / 中国修复重建外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To design and construct a graphene oxide (GO)/silver nitrate (Ag3PO4)/chitosan (CS) composite coating for rapidly killing bacteria and preventing postoperative infection in implant surgery.@*METHODS@#GO/Ag3PO4 composites were prepared by ion exchange method, and CS and GO/Ag3PO4 composites were deposited on medical titanium (Ti) sheets successively. The morphology, physical image, photothermal and photocatalytic ability, antibacterial ability, and adhesion to the matrix of the materials were characterized.@*RESULTS@#The GO/Ag3PO4 composites were successfully prepared by ion exchange method and the heterogeneous structure of GO/Ag3PO4 was proved by morphology phase test. The heterogeneous structure formed by Ag3PO4 and GO reduced the band gap from 1.79 eV to 1.39 eV which could be excited by 808 nm near-infrared light. The photothermal and photocatalytic experiments proved that the GO/Ag3PO4/CS coating had excellent photothermal and photodynamic properties. In vitro antibacterial experiments showed that the antibacterial rate of the GO/Ag3PO4/CS composite coating against Staphylococcus aureus reached 99.81% after 20 minutes irradiation with 808 nm near-infrared light. At the same time, the composite coating had excellent light stability, which could provide stable and sustained antibacterial effect.@*CONCLUSION@#GO/Ag3PO4/CS coating can be excited by 808 nm near infrared light to produce reactive oxygen species, which has excellent antibacterial activity under light.

Preparation of functional polyhydroxyalkanoate microspheres and their antibacterial activity and osteogenic effect evaluation / 中国修复重建外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To construct polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) microspheres loaded with bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) and human β-defensin 3 (HBD3), and evaluate the antibacterial activity of microspheres and the effect of promoting osteogenic differentiation, aiming to provide a new option of material for bone tissue engineering.@*METHODS@#The soybean lecithin (SL)-BMP-2 and SL-HBD3 were prepared by SL-mediated introduction of growth factors into polyesters technology, and the functional microsphere (f-PMS) containing BMP-2 and HBD3 were prepared by microfluidic technology, while pure microsphere (p-PMS) was prepared by the same method as the control. The morphology of microspheres was observed by scanning electron microscopy and the water absorption was detected; the release curves of BMP-2 and HBD3 in f-PMS were detected by ELISA kit. The antibacterial effect of microspheres in Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli was tested with the LIVE/DEADTM BacLightTM bacterial staining kit; the biocompatibility of microspheres was tested using Transwell and cell counting kit 8 (CCK-8). The effect of microspheres on osteogenic differentiation was determined by collagen type Ⅰ (COL-1) immunofluorescence staining and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) concentration.@*RESULTS@#In this experiment, the f-PMS and p-PMS were successfully constructed. Morphological characteristics showed that p-PMS surface was rough and distributed with micropores of 1-3 μm, while f-PMS surface was smooth and existed white granular material. There was no significant difference in water absorption between the two groups (P>0.05). The release curves of BMP-2 and HBD3 in the f-PMS and p-PMS were basically the same, showing both early sudden release and late slow release. The antibacterial activity of f-PMS was significantly higher than that of p-PMS in the test that against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in biocompatibility between the two groups (P>0.05). The results of osteogenic differentiation of human BMSCs showed that the fluorescence intensity of osteogenic specific protein COL-1 of f-PMS was significantly higher than that in p-PMS, and the activity of ALP in f-PMS was also significantly higher than that in p-PMS (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#The p-PHA have good antibacterial activity and biocompatibility, and can effectively promote the osteogenic differentiation of human BMSCs, which is expected to be applied to bone tissue engineering in the future.

Identification of Human Body Fluid Stains and Non-Biological Stains by Three-Dimensional Fluorescence Spectroscopy / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To establish a rapid and nondestructive identification method for human body fluid stains and non-biological stains using three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy.@*METHODS@#The collected three-dimensional fluorescence spectrum data of human saliva, 3% blood, coffee and Fanta® stains were processed with dimensionality reduction. After wavelet transform, spectral denoising and feature extraction, the classification formula was established. The Fisher discriminant was used for spectrum matching and recognition to establish the analysis method to distinguish stain types.@*RESULTS@#According to the results of data training and comparison, all the recognition accuracies of Fanta®, coffee, saliva and blood were more than 91.39%. Among them, saliva reached 100% recognition accuracy.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy is a potential method for rapid and nondestructive identification of biological and non-biological stains.

Research Progress of Indocyanine Green Fluorescence Laparoscopic Technique in Clinical Application / 中国医疗器械杂志

Indocyanine green (ICG) is the most commonly used near-infrared fluorescent (NIRF) dye in clinical practice, and its mediated near-infrared fluorescence imaging technology is gradually applied in clinical practice. It has shown great potential in invasive surgery (MIS) and is expected to become the standard technology for surgical diagnosis and treatment of diseases. The clinical application of ICG fluorescence laparoscopy is reviewed here.

Uso de verde de indocianina en cirugía reconstructiva y quemaduras / The use of indocyanine green in reconstructive surgery and burns: the literature review

Resumen El verde de indocianina es un tinte que se ha utilizado en medicina durante varias décadas. Tiene una serie de aplicaciones, incluida la cirugía reconstructiva y las quemaduras. Permite detectar áreas de tejido con perfusión reducida, lo que reduce el riesgo de complicaciones posoperatorias en forma de procesos de cicatrización alterados y necrosis. La técnica de imágenes que utiliza este tinte, permite observar los cambios en la fluorescencia en tiempo real y que, se ha demostrado, ocurren entre las capas superficiales y profundas en las quemaduras. Esto permite un diagnóstico cualitativo y cuantitativo de la profundidad de la quemadura, lo que se traduce en la elección de un tratamiento adicional. Se aprecia la importancia particular de este método en la prevención de la necrosis cutánea con el complejo areola-pezón durante la reconstrucción mamaria simultánea. Se necesitan más ensayos controlados aleatorios prospectivos para considerarlo el "método de elección" en la práctica clínica.

Indocyanine green is a dye that has been used in medicine for several decades. It has a number of applications, including reconstructive surgery and burns. It allows the detection of areas of tissue with reduced perfusion, which reduces the risk of postoperative complications in the form of altered healing processes and necrosis. The imaging technique that uses this dye allows us to observe the changes in fluorescence in real time that have been shown to occur between the superficial and deep layers in burns. This allows a qualitative and quantitative diagnosis of the depth of the burn, which results in the choice of additional treatment. The particular importance of this method in the prevention of skin necrosis with the areolanipple complex is appreciate during simultaneous breast reconstruction. More prospective randomized controlled trials are needed to consider it the 'method of choice' in clinical practice.

¿La glicerina influye en la estabilidad del color de la resina compuesta? / Does glycerin influence the color stability of composite resin?

Introducción: El efecto del oxígeno sobre la superficie de las resinas al momento de la fotopolimerización origina una capa que es susceptible a los pigmentos. El uso de la glicerina puede bloquear este efecto. Objetivo: Determinar si existe diferencia en la estabilidad del color de la resina compuesta nano-híbrida sometida a un agente colorante, al aplicar o no la glicerina. Métodos: 60 discos de resina se dividieron en Grupo 1 (sin glicerina) y Grupo 2 (con glicerina). La fotopolimerización se realizó por 20 s con la lámpara LED Bluephase®N. Se realizó la primera medición del color con el espectrofotómetro Easyshase®V y se registraron los valores arrojados para L* (luminosidad), a* (eje rojo-verde) y b* (eje azul-amarillo). Posterior a la inmersión por 1 mes de las muestras en Coca-Cola®, manteniéndolas en una incubadora a 37 ºC, se realizó la segunda medición del color. Se procesaron los datos estadísticamente con la prueba t de Student para determinar las variaciones en la estabilidad del color de ambos grupos y compararlos entre sí. Resultados: En todos los especímenes del experimento existió alteración en la estabilidad del color de la resina. La media de la distancia entre el color inicial y el color final del Grupo 1 fue de ΔE = 6,91, mientras en el Grupo 2 fue ΔE = 3,74. Se halló diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre ambos grupos analizados (p < 0,001). Conclusiones: La glicerina es una sustancia efectiva para bloquear el efecto del oxígeno en la superficie de la resina y evitar la formación de la capa inhibida de oxígeno, aumentando la estabilidad del color de la resina compuesta nano-híbrida(AU)

Introduction: The effect of oxygen on the surface of resins at the moment of photopolymerization creates a layer which is susceptible to pigments. The use of glycerin may block this effect. Objective: Determine whether there is a difference in the color stability of nanohybrid composite resin subjected to a coloring agent when glycerin is either applied or not applied. Methods: Sixty resin disks were distributed into Group 1 (without glycerin) and Group 2 (with glycerin). Photopolymerization was performed for 20 s with a Bluephase®N LED lamp. The first color measurement was taken with an Easyshase®V spectrophotometer, recording the values obtained for L* (luminosity), a* (red-green axis) and b* (blue-yellow axis). The second color measurement was taken after immersion of the samples for one month in Coca-Cola®, maintaining them in an incubator at 37ºC. Statistical data analysis was performed with Student's t test to determine the color stability changes occurring in the two groups and compare them. Results: Color stability changes were observed in all the resin samples. Mean distance between initial and final color was ΔE = 6.91 in Group 1 and ΔE = 3.74 in Group 2. A statistically significant difference was found between the two groups analyzed (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Glycerin is an effective substance to block the effect of oxygen on the resin surface, preventing the formation of an oxygen-inhibited layer and raising the color stability of the nanohybrid composite resin(AU)

Application of lectins for detection of glycomic differences in the epididymal duct in water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) and dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius) / Aplicación de lectinas para la detección de diferencias glucómicas en el conducto epididimario en búfalos de agua (Bubalus bubalis) y dromedarios (Camelus dromedarius)

SUMMARY: The present study was conducted to detect the differences in glycohistochemical features in the epididymal duct of the dromedary camel and the water buffalo. Epididymal sections (caput, corpus and cauda) from both species were stained with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) conjugated lectins. Binding sites for five lectins (DBA, GSA-1, HPA, PNA and WGA) have been found in both species. The binding sites of different lectins showed significant variations in the pattern of distribution in both a species. This included both species-specific and region-specific order. Additionally, only three (GSA-1, PNA and WGA) out the five lectins studied exhibited binding sites in all epididymal regions in both species. The other two lectins (DBA and HPA) followed the same order recorded for the other three (GSA-1, PNA and WGA) in buffalo, but failed to show any binding sites in cauda epididymis in camel. In conclusion, the variable regional and species-specific distribution features of lectins revealed that both species have diverse glycomic characteristics that may be related to their different reproductive patterns. However, the glycome-associated functional capacities remain obscured and need further profound investigations.

RESUMEN: El presente estudio se realizó para detectar las diferencias en las características glicohistoquímicas del conducto epididimal del dromedario y el búfalo de agua. Las secciones del epidídimo (cabeza, cuerpo y cola) de ambas especies se tiñeron con lectinas conjugadas con isotiocianato de fluoresceína (FITC). Se encontraron sitios de unión para cinco lectinas (DBA, GSA-1, HPA, PNA y WGA) en ambas especies. Los sitios de unión de diferentes lectinas mostraron variaciones significativas en el patrón de distribución en ambas especies. Esto incluía tanto el orden específico de la especie como el específico de la región. Además, solo tres (GSA-1, PNA y WGA) de las cinco lectinas estudiadas exhibieron sitios de unión en todas las regiones del epidídimo en ambas especies. Las otras dos lectinas (DBA y HPA) siguieron el mismo orden registrado para las tres restantes (GSA-1, PNA y WGA) en búfalos, pero no mostraron ningún sitio de union en la cola del epidídimo en camellos. En conclusión, las características de distribución regionales y específicas de especies variables de las lectinas revelaron que ambas especies tienen características glucómicas diversas que pueden estar relacionadas con sus diferentes patrones reproductivos. Sin embargo, las capacidades funcionales asociadas con el glicoma permanecen desconocidas y requieren mayor investigación.

Characterization of physicochemical markers for homeopathic medicines and biological supernatant samples

Solvatochromic dyes are probes to detect variations on the dipole moment of solvents after the insertion of homeopathic potencies. Recent studies have shown they can be useful tools in laboratory and field studies to detect the activity of homeopathic remedies.Objective: Determine whether solvatochromic dyes can be a diagnostic tool for cells infected by different agents and/or markers to identify the activity of homeopathic medicines. Methods: Ethilicum1cH, Siliceaterra6, 30, 200cH; Zincummetallicum6, 30, 200cH and Phosphorus6, 30 and 200cH were analyzed by pouring the samples (in a 1:60 rate) into a series of seven dyes (rhodamine, ET 33, ET 30, coumarin 7, NN DMIA, Nile red, methylene violet) diluted in absolute ethanol using pre-established working concentrations. Oscillations of dye absorbance were observed at visible light spectrophotometry according to the remedy and potency. Water and succussed water were used as controls. In a second moment, the absorbance profile of the remedies will be compared with those of biological samples (supernatants) and checked with the biological effect previously obtained from each treatment.Supernatants of RAW 264.7 macrophages stimulated by Calmette-Guérin bacilli (BCG) or infected with Encephalitozoon cuniculiwill be analyzed. Results: Preliminary results have shown that Siliceaterra6cH, Phosphorus30 and 200cH and Zincummetallicum6, 30 and 200cH reduced the absorbance of methylene violet (p=0.01). Repetitions and analysis of supernatants are expected to be performed in the next steps of the study. Future perspectives: Establish a pattern of reactivity of the studied medicines with different dyes and the putative relation with the corresponding supernatants, as an attempt to obtain a "physicochemical signature" for each kind of infection and/or treatment.

Ceratopigmentação (tatuagem corneana): utilização de técnicas combinadas para melhora estética em olhos de pacientes com opacidades corneanas / Keratopigmentation (corneal tattooing): use of combined techniques for aesthetic improvement in eyes of patients with corneal opacities

RESUMO Objetivo: Relatar, por meio de uma série de casos, a percepção de pacientes com opacidade corneana sobre a eficácia da tatuagem na melhoria estética de seus olhos, utilizando a combinação de duas técnicas. Métodos: Oito pacientes responderam a um inquérito sobre sua satisfação estética com o procedimento, o desconforto pós-operatório e o impacto social observado após a cirurgia. Resultados: Todos os pacientes consideraram-se muito satisfeitos com os resultados. Em relação ao grau de desconforto no pós-operatório, 75% disseram ter tido pouco desconforto, e 25% relataram desconforto moderado. Todos os pacientes relataram melhora significativa no bem-estar social e pessoal. Da mesma forma, todos os pacientes disseram que repetiriam o procedimento. Conclusão: A tatuagem corneana surge como um método alternativo às lentes de contato e às próteses oculares em pacientes cegos com leucomas, trazendo resultados estéticos satisfatórios, duradouros e que podem promover impactos sociais na vida desses pacientes.

ABSTRACT Objective: To report, through a case series, the perception of patients about the effectiveness of corneal tattooing in the cosmetic improvement of their eyes with leukomas, using a combination of two techniques. Methods: Eight patients answered a survey regarding their cosmetic appearance satisfaction regarding the procedure, postoperative discomfort, and social impact observed after surgery. Results: All patients considered themselves very satisfied with the cosmetic results. Regarding the degree of postoperative discomfort, 75% said they had little discomfort, while 25% reported moderate discomfort. All patients reported significant improvement in social and personal well-being. Likewise, all patients said they would repeat the procedure. Conclusion: Corneal tattooing appears as an alternative method to contact lenses and ocular prostheses in impaired eyes with leukomas, bringing satisfactory and long-lasting cosmetic improvement that can promote social impacts for these patients.

The Effect of Coloring Beverages on Color Stability of Hybrid Ceramics with Different Surface Treatments

ABSTRACT Objective To assess the effects of coloring beverages on the color stability of two types of hybrid ceramics with different surface treatments. Material and Methods 180 specimens of two hybrid ceramics (Vita Enamic and Mazic Duro) and a feldspathic ceramic (Vita Mark II) were prepared (n=60 in each group). Half of the discs in each group were glazed while the other was polished. The specimens were then divided into three subgroups and immersed in distilled water, carrot juice, and coffee. The overall color difference (∆E) was calculated based on CIE L*a*b* color space. Data were analyzed using three-way and one-way ANOVA; Tukey's honest significant difference was also done for pairwise comparisons (α=0.05). Results Vita Mark II specimens revealed less overall color changes compared to other groups. The ∆E of the glazed Vita Enamic specimens was greater than polished specimens following immersion in distilled water (p=0.03) and coffee (p=0.001), but it was not significant for carrot juice. The same results were obtained for polished Mazic Duro specimens. Relatively similar amounts of ∆E were recorded in polished and glazed subgroups of Vita Mark II. Conclusion The ∆E of hybrid ceramics was higher than Vita Mark II. Polishing could be recommended for surface treatment of hybrid ceramics instead of glazing, saving time and facilitating the process.

Application value and difficulty analysis of fluorescence laparoscopy in lymphadenectomy of gastric cancer / 中华胃肠外科杂志

Gastric cancer is one of the most common gastrointestinal malignancies, and the incidence and mortality of gastric cancer remain high in China. In recent years, with the rapid popularization of laparoscopic technology, fluorescent laparoscopic technology is increasingly getting mature, providing a new method for accurate clinical tracing of lymph nodes and prediction of tumor metastasis lymph nodes. A large number of scientific research experiments and clinical trials have shown that, laparoscopic lymph node diagnosis technology based on the fluorescent indocyanine green (ICG) can significantly improve the efficiency of lymphadenectomy and prediction accuracy of lymph node metastasis, and can reveal a more accurate scope of lymphadenectomy in gastric cancer for surgeons, so as to avoid excessive adenectomy as well as iatrogenic injuries on patients. Although the status of the technology in gastric cancer surgery mentioned above continues improving, the overall operation process details of ICG fluorescence imaging, standardized fluorescence detecting equipment, and postoperative pathological examination process still need to be further optimized.

Analysis of Salivary Bacterial Community by Direct PCR and High Resolution Melting Curve and Its Forensic Applications / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To develop a rapid test for salivary bacterial community based on direct PCR (dPCR) and high resolution melting (HRM) curve analysis, to evaluate its application value in forensic medicine.@*METHODS@#The salivary bacteria were collected by centrifugation and then resuspended in Tris-EDTA (TE) buffer, and directly used as the template for amplification and HRM curve analysis (dPCR-HRM) of the 16S rDNA V4 region. The genotype confidence percentage (GCP) of the HRM profiles compared with the reference profile was calculated. The template DNA was extracted by traditional kit and then PCR-HRM (namely kPCR-HRM) was used as reference to validate the feasibility of dPCR-HRM. The gradient dilution templates, population samples and simulated salivary stains were analyzed by dPCR-HRM to evaluate its sensitivity, typing ability and adaptability.@*RESULTS@#Using dPCR-HRM method, the HRM profiles of salivary bacterial community were obtained within 90 minutes. The GCP between dPCR-HRM and kPCR-HRM was greater than 95.85%. For general individuals, the HRM type of bacterial community could be determined with 0.29 nL saliva by dPCR-HRM. The 61 saliva samples could be divided into 10 types. The typing of salivary stains deposited within 8 h was the same as those of fresh saliva (GCP>90.83%).@*CONCLUSIONS@#dPCR-HRM technology can be used for rapid typing of salivary bacterial community, and has the advantage of low cost and simple operation.

Decolorization of the benzidine-based azo dye Congo red by the new strain Shewanella xiamenensis G5-03 / Descoloração do corante azo derivado da benzidina vermelho Congo por uma nova linhagem de Shewanella xiamenensis G5-03

Shewanella xiamenensis G5-03 was observed to decolorize the azo dye Congo red in synthetic wastewater. The influence of some factors on the dye decolorization efficiency was evaluated. The optimal decolorization conditions were temperature 30-35 °C, pH 10.0, incubation time 10 h, and static condition. The kinetic of Congo red decolorization fitted to the Michaelis­Menten model (Vmax = 111.11 mg L-1 h-1 and Km = 448.3 mg L-1). The bacterium was also able to degrade benzidine, a product of azo bond breakage of the Congo red, which contributed to reduce the phytotoxicity. The ability of S. xiamenensis G5-03 for simultaneous decolorization and degradation of Congo red shows its potential application for the biological treatment of wastewaters containing azo dyes.

Shewanella xiamenensis G5-03 foi capaz de descolorir o corante azo vermelho Congo em água residuária sintética. A influência de alguns fatores na eficiência da descoloração do corante foi avaliada. As condições ótimas de descoloração foram temperatura de 30-35 °C, pH 10,0 e condições estáticas. A cinética de descoloração do vermelho Congo se ajustou ao modelo de Michaelis­Menten (Vmax = 111,11 mg L-1 h-1 and Km = 448,3 mg L-1). A bactéria também foi capaz de degradar a benzidina, um produto da quebra da ligação azo do vermelho Congo, o que contribuiu para a redução da fitotoxicidade. A habilidade da S. xiamenensis G5-03 em simultaneamente descolorir e degradar o vermelho Congo demostra seu potencial de aplicação no tratamento de águas residuárias contendo corantes azo.

Motorcycling can be dangerous: verrucous lichenoid reaction to a tattoo

Abstract Tattooing one's body is currently a common practice worldwide; however, it is not risk-free. This is a case of a patient who tattooed himself motivated by his passion for motorcycles and then developed an exuberant lichenoid reaction to the red pigment used in the tattoo, with the appearance of verrucous lesions. Despite the lack of response to treatment, he states that he would tattoo his own skin again.

Dermatite fotoalérgica ao pigmento azul de tatuagens: relato de um caso e breve revisão da literatura / Photoallergic dermatitis due to the blue pigment in tattoos: a case report and brief literature review

A prática de tatuagens é muito antiga e atualmente tornou-se extremamente popular, porém traz consigo riscos que não podem ser ignorados. As tintas utilizadas nas tatuagens são um fator importante para o aparecimento de reações adversas. A reação de hipersensibilidade aos pigmentos das tintas é uma das mais comuns. Entre elas, encontram-se reações alérgicas tipo dermatites de contato ou reações de fotossensibilidade, sendo esta última o motivo deste relato. O tratamento indicado é o uso de corticoides e a fotoproteção. Neste artigo, discorreremos especificamente sobre a reação de fotossensibilidade ao pigmento azul, com o relato de um caso e breve revisão da literatura.

Tattooing is a very old practice that has become extremely popular in recent years; however, it carries risks that cannot be ignored. The inks used in tattoos are an important factor for the appearance of adverse reactions. Hypersensitivity reactions to the pigments in the inks are some of the most common. These include allergic reactions such as contact dermatitis or photosensitivity reactions, the latter being the reason for this report. The recommended treatment is the use of corticosteroids and photoprotection. In this article, we will specifically discuss the photosensitivity reaction to the blue pigment with a case report and a brief literature review.