ABSTRACT
Objetivo: Analizar las diferencias entre dos modali-dades de administración de un instrumento, autoad-ministrado o guiado por un investigador, aplicados a tutores legales de infantes de una institución educa-tiva. Materiales y Métodos: muestra de 130 tutores legales de niños/as (3 y 5 años) pertenecientes a un jardín de infantes municipal de Avellaneda. Se aplicó un instrumento de recolección de datos sobre hábi-tos de salud bucal constituido por 14 preguntas sim-ples, múltiples y cerradas. La entrega y devolución del instrumento fue a través de la institución. A los 2 meses se convocó a la misma población para comple-tar el mismo instrumento guiado por un investigador. Se evaluó: porcentajede concurrentes e instrumen-tos respondidos totalmente (modalidad autoadminis-trada), porcentaje de concurrentes que completaron el instrumento guiado y concordancia total y por res-puesta de las 2 modalidades. Se analizaron frecuen-cias y porcentajes. Para comparar la concordancia se utilizó Kappa global y Kappa de Cohen para cada pregunta. Resultados: 76,9% de tutores legales res-pondieron en la modalidad autoadministrada y 48,5% la guiada por el investigador. El 80,0% respondió la totalidad de las preguntas del instrumento autoad-ministrado. Al comparar las respuestas para ambas modalidades, no se observaron diferencias signifi-cativas en la totalidad de las mismas. Al analizar las respuestas solo 3 de las 14 preguntas tuvieron una concordancia menor (0,70). Conclusión: Para la po-blación estudiada, la forma autoadministrada tuvo mayor tasa de respuesta que la guiada por un inves-tigador, sin que se registren diferencias en las res-puestas de ambas formas de administración (AU)
Objective: Analyze the differences between two methods of administration of an instrument, self-administered or guided by a researcher, applied to legal guardians of infants in an educational institution. Materials and Methods: Population 130 legal guardians of children (3 and 5 years old) belonging to a municipal kindergarten in Avellaneda. A data collection instrument on oral health habits was applied, consisting of 14 simple, multiple, and closed questions. The delivery and return of the instrument was through the institution. After 2 months, the same population was called to complete the same instrument guided by a researcher. The following were evaluated: percentage of participants and instruments fully answered (self-administered mode), percentage of participants who completed the guided instrument. The total and response agreement of the 2 modalities was evaluated. Frequencies and percentages were analyzed. To compare agreement, global Kappa was used, and Cohen's Kappa was used for each question. Results: 76.9% of legal guardians responded to the self-administered modality and 48.5% to the one guided by the researcher. 80.0% answered all the questions of the self-administered instrument. When comparing the responses for both modalities, no significant differences were observed in all of them. When analyzing the answers, only 3 of the 14 questions had a lower agreement (0.70). Conclusion: For the population studied, the self-administered form had a higher response rate than the one guided by a researcher, with no differences recorded in the responses of both forms of administration (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Dental Health Surveys , Data Collection/methods , Argentina/epidemiology , Oral Hygiene Index , Health Education, Dental , Cross-Sectional Studies , Data Interpretation, StatisticalABSTRACT
RESUMO Objetivo relatar a utilização da tabela falante como estratégia de integração e análise de dados em estudo de abordagem mista. Método trata-se de um relato de utilização de uma estratégia metodológica de integração e análise dos dados em pesquisa de método misto. São apresentados dados de um estudo longitudinal analítico, que acompanhou 151 lactentes prematuros no primeiro ano de vida. O estudo abordou aspectos das condições de saúde dessa população e integrou dados quantitativos, coletados por meio de instrumento de avaliação de condições de saúde e dados qualitativos oriundos de entrevista semiestruturada. Resultados a integração dos dados em estudos mistos é uma exigência metodológica que requer dos pesquisadores a utilização de estratégias que possibilitem e facilitem esse processo analítico. A tabela falante, por meio da integração visual dos dados quantitativos expressos em tabelas e suas convergências e divergências analíticas com os enunciados qualitativos, favorece a leitura e interpretação integrada. Conclusão e implicações para a prática considera-se a tabela falante uma ferramenta analítica de integração de dados quantitativos e qualitativos que contribui na formulação de metainferências em pesquisas com métodos mistos.
RESUMEN Objetivo relatar el uso de la mesa parlante como estrategia de análisis e integración de datos en un estudio de enfoque mixto. Método este es un informe sobre el uso de una estrategia metodológica para la integración y el análisis de datos en la investigación de método mixto. Se presentan los datos de un estudio longitudinal analítico que siguió a 151 bebés prematuros en el primer año de vida. Nuestro estudio abordó aspectos de las condiciones de salud de esta población e integró datos cuantitativos, recolectados a través de un instrumento para evaluar las condiciones de salud y datos cualitativos de una entrevista semiestructurada. Resultados la integración de datos en estudios mixtos es un requisito metodológico que obliga a los investigadores a utilizar estrategias que habiliten y faciliten este proceso analítico. La mesa parlante, a través de la integración visual de datos cuantitativos expresados en tablas y sus convergencias y divergencias analíticas con enunciados cualitativos, favorece la lectura e interpretación integradas. Conclusión e implicaciones para la práctica: la mesa de diálogo es considerada como una herramienta analítica para la integración de datos cuantitativos y cualitativos que contribuyen a la formulación de meta-inferencias en investigaciones con métodos mixtos.
ABSTRACT Objective to report the use of a talking table as a data analysis and integration strategy in a mixed approach study. Method this is a report on the use of a methodological strategy for data integration and analysis in mixed methods research. Data from an analytical longitudinal study that followed 151 preterm infants in the first year of life are presented. The study addressed aspects of the health conditions of this population and integrated quantitative data, collected through an instrument to assess health conditions and qualitative data from a semi-structured interview. Results data integration in mixed studies is a methodological requirement that requires researchers to use strategies that enable and facilitate this analytical process. A talking table, through the visual integration of quantitative data expressed in tables and their analytical convergences and divergences with qualitative statements, favors integrated reading and interpretation. Conclusion and implications for practice: a talking table is considered an analytical tool for quantitative and qualitative data integration, which contribute to developing meta-inferences in mixed methods research.
Subject(s)
Humans , Data Collection/methods , Statistics as Topic/methods , Qualitative Research , Data AnalysisABSTRACT
Resumen Introducción: La naturaleza tropical está experimentando una amenaza sin precedentes que incluye comunidades de peces costeros que requieren un constante seguimiento de la presencia de especies. El uso simultáneo de varios métodos de monitoreo debería reducir el sesgo causado por la selectividad de cada método. Objetivo: Este estudio uso cuatro diferentes métodos de muestreo a lo largo de dos años para evaluar y comparar los ensamblajes de peces en el Área Marina de Manejo Bahía Santa Elena, Pacífico de Costa Rica. Métodos: Examinamos los cambios en la riqueza y composición de especies entre épocas de afloramiento y no afloramiento entre julio de 2019 y febrero de 2020. Aplicamos censos visuales, cámaras remotas submarinas; líneas de fondo; y pesca deportiva. Resultados: Identificamos 140 especies de peces (54 familias); las cámaras submarinas remotas detectaron el 83 %, seguido por los censos visuales submarinos (65 %), la pesca deportiva (16 %) y las líneas de fondo (14 %). Solo el método de pesca deportiva detectó diferencias en la riqueza y composición de especies entre temporadas. Conclusión: Las cámaras remotas parecen ser el mejor método para el conteo de especies y la pesca deportiva para detectar diferencias estacionales en las costas tropicales similares a la aquí estudiada.
Abstract Introduction: Tropical nature is experiencing an unprecedented threat that includes coastal fish communities that requires a close monitoring of species presence. The simultaneous use of several monitoring methods should reduce the bias caused by the selectivity of each method. Objective: This study used four different sampling methods over two years to assess and compare fish assemblages in the Santa Elena Bay Marine Management Area (AMM-BSE), North Pacific of Costa Rica. Methods: We examined changes in species richness and composition between upwelling and non-upwelling seasons from July 2019 and February 2020. We applied visual censuses, underwater remote cameras; bottom lines; and sport fishing. Results: We identified 140 species of fish (54 families); remote underwater cameras detected 83 %, followed by underwater visual censuses (65 %), sport-fishing (16 %) and bottom lines (14 %). Only the sport-fishing method detected differences in species richness and composition between seasons. Conclusion: Remote cameras appear to be the best method for species counts, and sport-fishing to detect seasonal differences in tropical coasts similar to the one studied here.
Subject(s)
Animals , Data Collection/methods , Fishes , Biological Monitoring/methods , Bays , Costa RicaABSTRACT
The COVID-19 pandemic brought a series of restructurings necessary for research in Developmental Psychology. The aim of the manuscript is to discuss adaptations we made in our research in this context during the COVID-19 pandemic and to present strategies to adequate research protocols originally designed to occur in person. Although some contexts do not allow the continuity of studies, research at this time can bring essential contributions in this extreme period. This article explores the strategies for adapting recruitment procedures, suggesting dissemination platforms, and using social networks for this purpose. Guidelines are suggested for conducting non-face-to-face interviews with caregivers, ways of assessing the interaction of the mother-child pairs, and problematizing ethical issues. The procedures for returning the results, an ethical researcher commitment, may be improved by resources such as automatic reports. Besides, strategies for better dissemination of the results for the participants are suggested. (AU)
A pandemia COVID-19 trouxe uma série de reestruturações necessárias à pesquisa em Psicologia do Desenvolvimento. O objetivo deste artigo é discutir as adaptações que realizamos em pesquisas neste contexto durante a pandemia de COVID-19 e apresentar estratégias para adequação de protocolos de pesquisa originalmente planejados para ocorrer de forma presencial. Embora alguns contextos não permitam a continuidade dos estudos, pesquisas nesse momento podem trazer importantes contribuições sobre este período ímpar. No presente artigo são exploradas estratégias de adaptação dos procedimentos de recrutamento, sugeridas plataformas de divulgação e como melhor usar as redes sociais para esse fim. Também são descritos procedimentos para realização de entrevistas não presenciais com responsáveis, formas de avaliação da interação das duplas mãe-criança e problematizadas questões éticas. Os procedimentos de devolução dos resultados, um compromisso ético dos pesquisadores, podem ser facilitados por recursos como relatórios automáticos. Além disso, sugerimos estratégias para melhor divulgação dos resultados ao público participante. (AU)
La pandemia del COVID-19 trajo una serie de reestructuraciones necesarias para la investigación en Psicología del Desarrollo. El objetivo de este artículo es discutir las adaptaciones realizadas en las investigaciones en este contexto durante la pandemia de COVID-19 y presentar algunas estrategias para la adaptación de los protocolos de investigación originalmente planeados para ser presenciales. Si bien algunos contextos no permitan la continuidad de los estudios, la investigación en este momento puede aportar importantes avances sobre estos tiempos de crisis. Este artículo explora las estrategias para adaptar los procedimientos de contratación, sugiriendo algunas plataformas de difusión y la mejor manera de utilizar las redes sociales para este fin. También se describen los procedimientos para la realización de entrevistas no presenciales con padres o tutores legales, las formas de evaluar la interacción madre-hijo y las cuestiones éticas. Los procedimientos para la devolución de los resultados, un compromiso ético de los investigadores, pueden verse facilitados por funciones como informes automáticos. Además, se recomienda estrategias para una mejor difusión de los resultados al público participante. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child , Scientific Communication and Diffusion , Psychology, Developmental , COVID-19/psychology , Social Isolation/psychology , Video Recording , Pilot Projects , Data Collection/methods , Interviews as Topic , Surveys and Questionnaires , Reproducibility of Results , Confidentiality , Internet , Ethics, Research , Social Media , Mobile Applications , Behavior Observation Techniques , Mother-Child RelationsABSTRACT
Introducción: La tasa de mortalidad de los tumores malignos de tráquea, bronquios y pulmón ocupa el segundo lugar en hombres y el primero en las mujeres. Según el anuario estadístico, hubo 5580 muertes por esta causa en 2020, con una tasa de mortalidad general en los hombres de 61,6 y de 38,1 en la mujer por 100 000 habitantes. Para el tratamiento del cáncer pulmonar en estadios tempranos la cirugía torácica videoasistida ha demostrado su seguridad y efectividad, con una baja morbilidad y una menor estancia posoperatoria. Objetivo: Mostrar los resultados de la lobectomía por cirugía torácica videoasistida en el Centro Nacional de Cirugía de Mínimo Acceso. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio prospectivo en una serie consecutiva de 29 pacientes operados con el diagnóstico de nódulo pulmonar. Para la obtención de la información se confeccionó una planilla de recolección para este fin y en todo momento se contó con el consentimiento informado de los pacientes. Se evaluaron las variables durante el pre, intra y posoperatorio. Resultados: Del total de 57 casos portadores de nódulos pulmonares, se realizó lobectomía por cirugía torácica videoasistida en 29, para un 50,9 por ciento; el 80 por ciento estaban en etapas I y II según el pTNM. Hubo un 31 por ciento de complicaciones y el índice de conversión fue del 20,7 por ciento. Conclusiones: La lobectomía por cirugía torácica video asistida es una técnica segura y de eficacia demostrada, factible de generalizar en nuestro medio(AU)
Introduction: The mortality rate of malignant tumors of the trachea, bronchi and lung ranks second in men and first in women. According to the Health Statistics Yearbook, there were 5,580 deaths from this cause in 2020, with a general mortality rate for men of 61.6 and 38.1 for women per 100,000 inhabitants. For the treatment of lung cancer in early stages, video-assisted thoracic surgery has demonstrated its safety and effectiveness, with low morbidity and a shorter postoperative stay. Objective: To show the results of video-assisted thoracic surgery lobectomy at the National Center for Minimal Invasive Surgery. Methods: A prospective study was carried out in a consecutive series of 29 patients operated on with a diagnosis of pulmonary nodule. A collection form was prepared to obtain the information and the informed consent of the patients was obtained at all times. The variables were evaluated during the pre, intra and postoperative period. Results: Fifty seven (57) cases with pulmonary nodules formed the total of this study. Twenty nine of them (29) underwent lobectomy by video-assisted thoracic surgery (50.9 percent). 80 percent were in stages I and II according to pTNM. There were 31 percent complications and the conversion rate was 20.7 percent. Conclusions: Video-assisted thoracic surgery lobectomy is a safe and proven technique, which is feasible to generalize in our setting(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Pneumonectomy/methods , Health Statistics , Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted , Informed Consent , Lung Neoplasms/diagnosis , Data Collection/methods , Prospective StudiesABSTRACT
Abstract Aim: The purpose of this paper was to analyze the internal consistency of the Sport Motivation Scale-II (SMS-II) questionnaire based on three studies with sports practitioners in the Brazilian college context. Methods: All the three studies i) were carried out with students enrolled in higher education and engaged in sports training by their institution (n1 = 304; n2 = 441; n3 = 310); ii) used SMS-II as an instrument for data collection; iii) used the online procedure for data collection. The Confirmatory Factor Analysis was performed and Cronbach's Alpha (α), McDonald's Omega (Ω), and the correlation between items were used to assess internal consistency. Results: As potentialities, five dimensions of the SMS-II presented high values of internal reliability (α and Ω > 0.60). As a limitation, the dimension of introjected regulation showed low reliability (α and Ω < 0.40) in the three studies conducted by our group. The exclusion of item 16 enabled an increase in alpha, but without achieving satisfactory reliability in Study 1 (α = 0.46) and Study 2 (α = 0.31). In Study 3, the exclusion of item 7 improved the internal reliability of the dimension (α = 0.43) also without reaching satisfactory values of internal consistency. It was not possible to identify a problematic item, given that each item had a different influence in the three studies. Conclusion: We found good values of validity and internal consistency for the Brazilian version of the SMS-II. However, we suggest attention to the introjected regulation dimension when using the instrument in the Brazilian college context.
Subject(s)
Humans , Sports/psychology , Universities , Athletes , Motivation , Data Collection/methods , Surveys and Questionnaires , Factor Analysis, StatisticalABSTRACT
Este artigo apresenta os múltiplos processos de criação vividos durante uma pesquisa de mestrado. Propõe instigar a inovação da investigação e da documentação acadêmica, mostrando a relevância da articulação entre arte, escrita e cuidado no contexto da formação de profissionais de saúde e da produção de conhecimento. Pretende dar visibilidade à pesquisa cartográfica, que se afirma como um processo de criação em si, gerando objetos agenciadores da conexão entre o pesquisador e o campo pesquisado, permitindo ao pesquisador aprofundar o vínculo com o tema e com todos os encontros intrínsecos à pesquisa. O campo de produção de dados aconteceu durante oficinas com práticas de expressão corporal, oral e escrita, envolvendo a criação de uma obra de arte grupal, um e-book com textos dos participantes e um livro-objeto, que materializa o devir da pesquisa científica em pesquisa-arte.(AU)
This article presents multiple creation processes experienced during the research process for a master's thesis. It proposes to instigate innovation in research and academic documentation, showing the relevance of articulation between art, writing and care in the context of health professional training and education and knowledge production. It intends to give visibility to cartographic research, which asserts itself as a process of creation in itself, generating objects that mediate the connection between the researcher and the field of research, enabling him or her to create a deeper bond with the theme and the encounters that are intrinsic to the study. The data were collected during workshops involving bodily, oral, and written expression practices and the creation of a group work of art, an e-book made up of texts written by the participants, and an object book, materializing the transformation of scientific research into art-based research.(AU)
Este artículo presenta los múltiples procesos de creación vividos durante un proceso de investigación de maestría. Propone instigar la innovación de la investigación y documentación académica, mostrando la relevancia de la articulación entre arte, escritura y cuidado en el contexto de la formación de profesionales de salud y de la producción de conocimiento. Pretende dar visibilidad a la investigación cartográfica, que se afirma como un proceso de creación en sí, generando objetos que agencian la conexión entre el investigador y el campo investigado, permitiendo que el investigador profundice el vínculo con el tema y con todos los encuentros intrínsecos a la investigación. El campo de producción de datos tuvo lugar durante talleres con prácticas de expresión corporal, oral y escrita, envolviendo la creación de una obra de arte grupal, un e-book con textos de los participantes y un libro-objeto, que materializa el devenir de la investigación-científica en investigación-arte.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Research , Creativity , Science in the Arts , Research Design , Data Collection/methods , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
Abstract Objective: To investigate the association between oral health problems and being ashamed of smiling or speaking among Brazilian adolescents. Material and Methods: This was a population-based cross-sectional study carried out with secondary data from 7,328 12-year-old Brazilian adolescents from the latest Brazilian national oral health survey (SB Brasil 2010). The question "In the previous 6 months, have you been ashamed of smiling or speaking due to your teeth?" was the outcome variable. Calibrated examiners performed clinical examinations on adolescents for the diagnosis of dental caries (DMF-T), dental trauma, dental fluorosis and occlusal alterations. Data were analyzed descriptively and by Poisson unadjusted and adjusted Poisson regression analysis (p<0.05). The final model was controlled by family income. Results: The prevalence of being ashamed of smiling or speaking was 13.6%. The following variables were associated with the outcome: female sex (PR= 1.33; 95% CI: 1.17-1.53), cavitated dental caries on upper incisors (PR= 1.81; 95% CI: 1.51-2.15), dental trauma (PR= 1.36; 95% CI:1.16-1.60), increased maxillary overjet (PR= 1.36; 95% CI:1.18-1.57), dental crowding (PR= 1.60; 95% CI:1.40-1.83), midline diastema (PR= 1.30; 95% CI:1.11-1.44), tooth loss (PR= 1.45; 95% CI:1.16-1.80), mild/questionable dental fluorosis (PR= 1.23; 95% CI:1.06-1.44) and moderate/severe dental fluorosis (PR= 1.67; 95% CI:1.15-2.44). Conclusion: Oral health problems that impact dental aesthetics were predisposing factors for being ashamed of smiling or speaking in Brazilian adolescents (AU).
Subject(s)
Male , Female , Child , Quality of Life , Oral Health , Tooth Injuries/diagnosis , Dental Caries/prevention & control , Fluorosis, Dental , Brazil/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies/methods , Data Collection/methods , Surveys and Questionnaires , Regression AnalysisABSTRACT
Objetivou-se analisar a coleta de dados on-line em uma pesquisa qualitativa sobre Educação Permanente em Saúde. Estudo metodológico sobre a coleta de dados com roteiro com questões abertas, difundido pela Internet para 28 Superintendências e/ou Gerências Regionais de Saúde do estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. A análise das respostas de 40 trabalhadores que atuam na gestão de projetos e de programas de saúde ocorreu pela Análise de Conteúdo Temática. O foco foi para a resposta sobre a experiência de participar de pesquisa qualitativa remotamente, respondendo um instrumento on-line. A coleta de dados on-line atingiu diferentes profissionais, das regiões de saúde do estado; instigou-lhes reflexões sobre o cotidiano dos serviços e permitiu o alcance dos objetivos da pesquisa qualitativa, obtendo-se a análise da visão de gestores de saúde sobre a Política de Educação Permanente e das limitações que estes encontram para aplicá-la na gestão. Participantes com acesso à Internet e destreza no manuseio de tecnologias de informação consideraram a experiência de responder à pesquisa remotamente rápida e fácil. Embora responder questões abertas on-line demande tempo e elimine a interação presencial pesquisador-participante, possibilita coletar dados com participantes distantes e significativos à análise de questões sobre políticas públicas em vasta extensão territorial(AU)
El objetivo fue analizar la recolección de datos en línea en una investigación cualitativa sobre Educación Permanente en Salud. Estudio metodológico sobre recolección de datos con un guion de preguntas abiertas, difundido por Internet a 28 Superintendencias y/o Gerencias Regionales de Salud en el estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. El análisis de las respuestas de 40 trabajadores que laboran en la gestión de proyectos y programas de salud se realizó a través del Análisis de Contenido Temático. La atención se centró en responder la experiencia de participar en una investigación cualitativa de forma remota, respondiendo a un instrumento en línea. La recolección de datos en línea llegó a diferentes profesionales de las regiones de salud del estado; instigó reflexiones sobre la cotidianidad de los servicios y permitió el logro de los objetivos de la investigación cualitativa, se obtuvo un análisis de la visión de los gestores de salud sobre la Política de Educación Permanente y las limitaciones que encuentran para aplicarla en la gestión. Los participantes con acceso a Internet y habilidades en el manejo de tecnologías de la información, consideraron que la experiencia de responder a la encuesta de forma remota es rápida y fácil. Si bien responder a preguntas abiertas en línea lleva tiempo y elimina la interacción cara a cara investigador-participante, permite recolectar datos con participantes distantes y significativos en el análisis de preguntas sobre políticas públicas en un vasto territorio(AU)
The objective was to analyze the online data collection of a qualitative research on permanent education in health. A methodological study about the data collection with an open questions script, distributed online to 28 Superintendencies and/or Minas Gerais, Brazil state Regional Health Managements. The analysis of the answers from 40 workers who act in project and health programs management was done through Thematic Analysis. The focus was on the answer to the question about the experience of participating in a remote qualitative research, answering an online instrument. The data collection reached different professionals from different health regions of the state; it instigated them reflections around their service daily routine and allowed reaching the qualitative research goals, acquiring the analysis of managers point of view over the Permanent Education in Health and the limitations they faced when applying it in their management. Participants with Internet access and experience in handling information technologies found the experience of answering the research remotely to be fast and easy. Although answering open questions online demands time and rules out the researcher-participant face to face interaction, it allows distant participants to contribute with significant data collection to the analysis of questions about public politics in vast territorial extensions(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Data Collection/methods , Qualitative Research , Education, Continuing , Methodology as a Subject , Internet AccessABSTRACT
Este será el primero de dos artículos donde se tratarán los pasos necesarios para desarrollar un proyecto de aplicación de técnicas de Machine Learning en Salud, que introduce nociones sobre la recolección y análisis de datos, la selección y entrenamiento de modelos de aprendizaje auto-mático de tipo supervisado y los métodos de validación interna para cada modelo. (AU)
This will be the first of two articles where the steps needed to apply machine learning methods in healthcare will be discussed. It will introduce fundamental notions about data collection, selection and training of supervised ML models as well as the methods of internal validation. In a second article, we will discuss about the performance evaluation to select the most appropriate model and its external validation. (AU)
Subject(s)
Models, Educational , Health Sciences, Technology, and Innovation Management , Machine Learning , Algorithms , Data Collection/methods , Data AnalysisABSTRACT
Introducción: En Cuba, las enfermedades del corazón son primera causa de muerte. En etapas avanzadas de la insuficiencia cardiaca, la terapia curativa pierde eficacia y los cuidados paliativos constituyen una opción válida, pero su uso no está aún generalizado. Objetivo: Validar una encuesta para caracterizar la situación psicosocial educativa y de salud y la opinión sobre la atención a pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca crónica en cuidados paliativos. Métodos: Estudio instrumental en el área de salud del Policlínico "XX Aniversario", del municipio Remedios, Villa Clara, Cuba, entre enero-diciembre de 2018. Basado en el método Delphi para determinar la validez, a través del criterio de expertos, de una encuesta para aplicar a pacientes con insuficiencia cardiaca crónica. La investigación se desarrolló en tres etapas: adecuación del cuestionario, validación de contenido y prueba piloto. Se seleccionó una muestra de 35 pacientes. La validación de la funcionabilidad del cuestionario se determinó a través del cálculo del coeficiente Alfa de Cronbach. Resultados: La encuesta elaborada para la investigación, validada y enriquecida por el criterio de expertos, permite caracterizar la situación psicosocial educativa y de salud de pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca crónica que reciben cuidados paliativos y ayuda a conocer sus criterios sobre la atención que reciben. Conclusiones: El instrumento construido es pertinente para su empleo efectivo en su contexto de aplicación y es posible su generalización a otros escenarios(AU)
Introduction: In Cuba, heart diseases are the leading cause of death. In advanced stages of heart failure, the curative therapy loses efficacy and palliative care is a valid option; however, its use is not yet widespread. Objective: To validate a survey for characterizing the educative psychosocial and health situation, as well as the opinion about the care of patients with chronic heart failure in palliative care. Methods: Instrumental study carried out, between January and December 2018, in the health area of XX Aniversario Polyclinic of Remedios Municipality, Villa Clara Province, Cuba. The study was based on the Delphi method to determine the validity, through expert judgment, of a survey to apply with patients with chronic heart failure. The research was developed in three stages: adaptation of the questionnaire, content validation, and pilot test. A sample of 35 patients was selected. The validation of the questionnaire's functionality was determined through calculation of Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Results: The survey prepared for the research, validated and enriched by expert judgement, allows to characterize the educative psychosocial and health situation of patients with chronic heart failure who receive palliative care and helps to know their criteria about the care they receive. Conclusions: The obtained instrument is appropriate for its effective use in its application context, while its generalization to other settings is possible(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Palliative Care , Heart Failure , Nursing Care/methods , Pharmaceutical Preparations , Data Collection/methods , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
Introducción: La evaluación de satisfacción de estudiantes de enfermería en entornos de aprendizaje clínico está mediada por atributos contextuales del clima de aprendizaje y acción tutorial. Objetivo: Explorar, desde la perspectiva cualitativa, atributos que identifican estudiantes de enfermería para caracterizar la satisfacción en escenarios clínicos. Métodos: Estudio de diseño descriptivo exploratorio. Las unidades de análisis fueron estudiantes de enfermería de dos unidades académicas de universidades chilenas, durante el período lectivo; marzo-noviembre del 2019. Se optó por un muestreo homogéneo. Se incluyeron al estudio alumnos regulares de enfermería, de tercero y cuarto año, que hayan tenido al menos un mes de prácticas clínicas ininterrumpidas y se excluyen, estudiantes de primer, segundo año e internos de enfermería. Para trabajo de campo se inició con vagabundeo y creación de mapas sociales y temporales y como técnica de recogida de información se usó grupo focal, cautelando saturación muestral y suficiencia del dato. Se cumplieron requisitos y principios éticos de investigación en seres humanos. Resultados: los estudiantes distinguen que los atributos para medir su satisfacción en espacios de enseñanza práctica están influenciados o afectados por condiciones del entorno clínico asistencial, profesionalismo del tutor que en su conjunto matizan su satisfacción y por ende el clima de aprendizaje. Conclusiones: Desde la categoría central del constructo de estudio se pudo verificar en los discursos las subcategorías y atributos para medir la satisfacción de los alumnos en los escenarios de prácticas clínicas(AU)
Introduction: Assessment of Nursing students' satisfaction in clinical learning environments is mediated by contextual attributes of the learning climate and tutorial action. Objective: To explore, from a qualitative perspective, attributes identified by Nursing students for characterizing satisfaction in clinical settings. Methods: Study with an exploratory descriptive design. The units of analysis were Nursing students from two academic units of Chilean universities, during school period: March-November 2019. Homogeneous sampling was chosen. Regular third- and fourth-year Nursing students who had had at least one month of uninterrupted clinical practice were included in the study, while first- and second-year students and Nursing interns were excluded. Fieldwork began with wandering and the creation of social and temporal maps, while focus group was used as a data collection technique, ensuring sample saturation and data sufficiency. Requirements and ethical principles for research in humans were met. Results: The students distinguish that the attributes for measuring their satisfaction in practical teaching settings are influenced or affected by conditions of the clinical care environment, as well as by tutor professionalism, which, as a whole, qualify their satisfaction and, therefore, the learning climate. Conclusions: From the central category of the study construct, it was possible to verify, within the discourses, the subcategories and attributes for measuring the students' satisfaction in the clinical practice settings(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Personal Satisfaction , Students, Nursing , Clinical Clerkship , Education, Nursing/methods , Data Collection/methodsABSTRACT
Esta herramienta está diseñada para realizar una evaluación rápida de las instituciones prestadoras de servicios de salud y de otras relacionadas con la salud y analiza su capacidad para recopilar datos críticos y de alta calidad en la respuesta a la pandemia de COVID-19. La herramienta evalúa el compromiso institucional con la pertinencia y la calidad de los datos utilizados para la toma de decisiones a todos los niveles. Además, facilita la autoevaluación para redefinir las prioridades de la pandemia; identifica la brecha de capacidad de los sistemas de datos internacionales, nacionales y subnacionales, y evalúa la capacidad para proporcionar datos fiables y constructivos.
This tool is designed for rapid assessment of health and health-related institutions and evaluates their capacity to gather critical, high-quality data in the COVID-19 pandemic response. The tool assesses institutional commitment to the timeliness and quality of data used for decision-making at all levels. It facilitates self-assessment to redefine pandemic priorities and, identifies the capacity gap within international, national, and subnational data systems, and assesses the ability to provide reliable and constructive data.
Subject(s)
Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology , Data Collection/methods , Data Interpretation, Statistical , Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology , Pandemics/statistics & numerical data , Health Information Systems/statistics & numerical dataABSTRACT
Our aim was to characterize the Brazilian studies that evaluated sedentary behavior, describing the main characteristics of the studies and identifying the used instruments. Using the PRISMA meth-odology, the search occurred on 25 August 2019 and was updated on 17 October 2020 in the fol-lowing databases: PUBMED, LILACS, and SCIELO. Studies in English, Spanish, and Portuguese were included. The inclusion criteria were studies performed with a sample of Brazilians, and that used an instrument to evaluate sedentary behavior. In total, 229 articles were selected. The majority of the studies evaluated children and adolescents. Only 33 studies used device-derived measures and there was a great variability in the questionnaires used. Only 83/198 studies presented quality criteria for the instrument used. Most studies considered the screen time in a typical week plus weekend to characterize sedentary behavior. Therefore, sedentary behavior in Brazil has mostly been evaluated by different questionnaires, and few have been appropriately validated. These findings emphasize the importance of standardization and methodological rigor for assessing sedentary behavior in the Brazilian context
Nosso objetivo foi caracterizar os estudos brasileiros que avaliaram o comportamento sedentário, descrevendo as principais características dos estudos e identificando os instrumentos utilizados. Utilizando a metodologia PRISMA, a busca ocorreu em 25 de agosto de 2019 e foi atualizada em 17 de outubro de 2020 nas seguintes bases de dados: PUBMED, LILACS e SCIELO. Estudos em inglês, espanhol e português foram incluídos. Os critérios de inclusão foram estudos realizados com uma amostra de brasileiros e que utilizassem um ins-trumento para avaliar o comportamento sedentário. No total, foram selecionados 229 artigos. A maioria dos estudos avaliou crianças e adolescentes. Apenas 33 estudos usaram medidas derivadas de dispositivos e houve uma grande variabilidade nos questionários usados. Apenas 83/198 estudos apresentaram critérios de quali-dade para o instrumento utilizado. A maioria dos estudos considerou o tempo de tela em uma semana típica mais o fim de semana para caracterizar o comportamento sedentário. Portanto, o comportamento sedentário no Brasil tem sido avaliado em grande parte por diferentes questionários, e poucos foram devidamente va-lidados. Esses achados enfatizam a importância da padronização e do rigor metodológico para avaliação do comportamento sedentário no contexto brasileiro
Subject(s)
Humans , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Young Adult , Data Collection/methods , Sedentary Behavior , Brazil , Surveys and Questionnaires , Evaluation Studies as Topic , Validation Studies as Topic , Healthy Lifestyle , Screen TimeABSTRACT
Introducción: La implementación de protocolos asistenciales como proyección estratégica en la prestación de servicios de salud permite contribuir a mejorar la calidad de la atención. Objetivo: Identificar el nivel de adherencia al protocolo asistencial para la prevención de lesiones por presión en servicios de atención al grave. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo y transversal en cinco servicios de atención al grave del Hospital Hermanos Ameijeiras, desde octubre a diciembre de 2019. Según criterios, la muestra quedó constituida por 31 personal de enfermería, de ellos, 16 licenciados en enfermería (51,61 por ciento) y 15 enfermeros técnicos (48,39 por ciento). Fueron evaluadas 21 historias clínicas. La recolección de la información se realizó mediante un test de conocimientos y una lista de chequeo, validados a través de criterios de expertos. Se realizó prueba piloto con el test, que permitió evaluar su validez y confiabilidad. Resultados: El 92,09 por ciento del total de los evaluados presentaron conocimientos medianamente suficientes (64,51 por ciento) y suficientes (27,58 por ciento). En cuatro servicios evaluados (80 por ciento) tenían disponible los recursos materiales. En 21 historias clínicas (100 por ciento) se valoraron los factores de riesgo. La identificación del riesgo, así como la planificación y ejecución de intervenciones de enfermería, solamente se reflejaron en 10 historias (47,61 por ciento). Se obtuvieron 4,33 puntos en la sumatoria total. Conclusiones: Se determinó como de nivel medio la adherencia al protocolo asistencial para la prevención de lesiones por presión en servicios de atención al grave(AU)
Introduction: The implementation of care protocols as a strategic projection in the provision of health services allows to contribute to improving the quality of care. Objective: To identify the level of adherence to the care protocol for the prevention of pressure injuries in care services for severely ill patients. Methods: Descriptive and cross-sectional study carried out in five care services for severely ill patients at Hermanos Ameijeiras Hospital, from October to December 2019. Based on to criteria, the sample consisted of 31 nursing staff members, of which sixteen were diploma nurses (51.61 percent) and fifteen were associate nurses (48.39 percent). Twenty-one medical records were assessed. The information was collected using a knowledge test and a checklist, validated through expert criteria. A pilot test was carried out with the test, which made it possible to evaluate its validity and reliability. Results: 92.09 percent of those evaluated had moderately sufficient (64.51 percent) and sufficient (27.58 percent) knowledge. In four assessed services (80 percent), the material resources were available. Risk factors were assessed in 21 medical records (100 percent). The identification of risk, as well as the planning and execution of nursing interventions, were only reflected in ten medical records (47.61 percent). In the total sum, 4.33 points were obtained. Conclusions: Adherence to the care protocol for the prevention of pressure injuries in serious care services was determined as medium level(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Quality of Health Care/trends , Pressure Ulcer/prevention & control , Nursing Assessment/methods , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Cross-Sectional Studies , Data Collection/methodsABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objective: Social isolation is currently identified as the best way to prevent the infection by the new coronavirus. However, for some social groups, such as children and adolescents, this measure carries a contradiction: the home, which should be the safest place for them, is also a frequent environment of a sad aggravation: domestic violence. This study aims to evaluate the notifications of interpersonal/self-inflicted violence available in the Information System for Notifiable Diseases in the State of Santa Catarina (southern Brazil), for the juvenile age group, before and during the new coronavirus pandemics. Methods: Cross-sectional, descriptive study of violence against children and adolescents (from 0 to 19 years) notified by health professionals by completing and entering the occurrence in the Information System for Notifiable Diseases of the State of Santa Catarina in 11 weeks in which the social isolation measure was instituted as mandatory, comparing with the same period before this measure. Results: During the study period, 136 municipalities in Santa Catarina made 1,851 notifications. There was a decrease of 55.3% of them in the isolation period, and the difficulties encountered in seeking protection and assistance institutions were listed. Conclusions: The society needs to be aware of possible cases of violence in the children and adolescent population. It is important to provide accessible, effective, and safe ways for complaints and notifications, as well as a quick response to the cases, aiming at protecting victims and minimizing damages to prevent the perpetuation of the violence.
RESUMO Objetivo: O isolamento social é identificado, no momento, como a melhor forma para evitar o contágio pelo novo coronavírus. Porém, para alguns grupos sociais, como crianças e adolescentes, essa medida carrega uma contradição: o lar, que deveria ser o local mais seguro para eles, é também um ambiente frequente de um triste agravo, a violência doméstica. Este estudo visou avaliar e comparar as notificações compulsórias de violências interpessoais/autoprovocadas disponíveis no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação do Estado de Santa Catarina, pré e pós-pandemia do novo coronavírus. Métodos: Estudo transversal, descritivo e analítico das violências contra crianças e adolescentes (de 0 a 19 anos de idade completos) notificadas pelos profissionais de saúde mediante o preenchimento e a inserção das ocorrências no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação do Estado de Santa Catarina, no período de 11 semanas em que foi instituída como obrigatória a medida de isolamento social, comparando tais eventos com os de igual período anterior a essa medida. Resultados: No período estudado, 136 municípios catarinenses realizaram 1.851 notificações. Houve diminuição de 55,3% destas no período de isolamento, listando-se possíveis dificuldades encontradas para a procura de instituições de proteção e assistência. Conclusões: Alerta-se para a necessidade de a sociedade estar atenta para a suspeita e evidência dos casos de violência na população infantojuvenil, e ressalta-se a importância de que sejam propiciadas formas acessíveis, eficazes e seguras, como incentivo para as denúncias, a notificação e o rápido atendimento dos casos, visando à proteção das vítimas, à minimização dos danos e, assim, ao impedimento da perpetuação da violência.
Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Adolescent , Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology , Child Abuse/prevention & control , Child Abuse/statistics & numerical data , Child Welfare , Domestic Violence/prevention & control , Domestic Violence/trends , Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Child Health/trends , Cross-Sectional Studies , Data Collection/methods , Data Collection/statistics & numerical data , Needs Assessment , Adolescent Health/trends , Pandemics , Betacoronavirus , SARS-CoV-2 , COVID-19ABSTRACT
Introdução: O uso do Nursing Activity Score permite correlacionar a carga de trabalho de enfermagem com os índices de avaliação prognóstica na unidade de terapia intensiva e auxiliar no desenvolvimento do processo de trabalho dos enfermeiros por meio do dimensionamento adequado da equipe. Objetivo: Analisar a associação entre variáveis clínicas e demográficas de pacientes com carga de trabalho de enfermagem em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Oncológica. Métodos: Coorte prospectiva, realizada no Instituto Nacional de Câncer José Alencar Gomes da Silva, no período de setembro a dezembro de 2016. A coleta de dados inclui a mensuração da carga de trabalho por meio do Escore de Atividades de Enfermagem. Foi realizada análise estatística descritiva dos dados. Em seguida, a associação das variáveis qualitativas com o NAS foi testada pelo teste de Kruskal-Wallis e as variáveis quantitativas foram analisadas por análise de regressão múltipla. Para o tratamento dos dados, foram consideradas significância p = 0,05 e 95 porcento de confiança. Resultado: A carga total de trabalho encontrada (79,04 porcento) corresponde a 18 horas e 57 minutos de assistência a cada paciente em 24 horas. A média da condição de saída do paciente é dividida em sobreviventes e não sobreviventes, com uma pontuação de 74,19 porcento (DP = 11,54) e 126,64 porcento (DP = 17,62), respectivamente. Conclusão: Apenas as variáveis status de desempenho de Karnofsky e condição de saída foram significativamente associadas à carga de trabalho(AU)
Introducción: El uso del Puntaje de Actividades de Enfermería permite correlacionar la carga de trabajo de enfermería con los índices de evaluación pronóstica en la unidad de cuidados intensivos y ayuda en el desarrollo del proceso de trabajo de las enfermeras a través del dimensionamiento del personal apropiado. Objetivo: Analizar la asociación entre variables clínicas y demográficas de pacientes con carga de trabajo de enfermería en una Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos de Oncología. Métodos: Estudio de cohorte prospectiva, realizada en Instituto Nacional del Câncer José Alencar Gomes da Silva de septiembre a diciembre de 2016. La recolección de datos incluye la medición de la carga de trabajo a través del Puntaje de Actividades de Enfermería. Se realizó un análisis estadístico descriptivo de los datos. Después, se probó la asociación de variables cualitativas con NAS mediante la prueba de Kruskal-Wallis y se analizaron las variables cuantitativas mediante análisis de regresión múltiple. Para el tratamiento de los datos, se consideró una significancia p = 0,05 y un 95 por ciento de confianza. Resultado: La carga de trabajo total encontrada (79,04 por ciento) corresponde a 18 horas y 57 minutos de asistencia a cada paciente dentro de las 24 horas. La media para la condición de salida de los pacientes se divide en sobrevivientes y no sobrevivientes, con un puntaje de 74,19 por ciento (SD = 11,54) y 126,64 por ciento (SD = 17,62), respectivamente. Conclusión: Solo las variables de estado de rendimiento de Karnofsky y la condición de salida se asociaron significativamente con la carga de trabajo(AU)
Introduction: The use of the Nursing Activity Score (NAS) makes it possible to correlate the nursing workload with prognostic evaluation indices in the intensive care unit and helps in the development of the nurses' work process through the sizing of the appropriate personnel. Objective: To analyze the association between clinical and demographic variables about patients with a nursing workload in an oncology intensive care unit. Methods: Prospective cohort study carried out at José Alencar Gomes da Silva National Cancer Institute, from September to December 2016. The data collection includes the measurement of the workload through the Nursing Activities Score. A descriptive statistical analysis of the data was performed. Afterwards, the association between qualitative variables and the NAS was tested using the Kruskal-Wallis test and the quantitative variables were analyzed using multiple regression analysis. For data treatment, significance was considered (P = 0.05; confidence interval 95 percent). Result: The total workload found (79.04 percent) corresponds to 18 hours and 57 minutes of assistance to each patient within 24 hours. The mean for the discharge condition of the patients is divided into survivors and non-survivors, with a score of 74.19 percent (SD=11.54) and 126.64 percent (SD=17.62), respectively. Conclusion: Only Karnofsky performance state variables and discharge condition were significantly associated with workload(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Oncology Nursing/methods , Data Collection/methods , Workload , Intensive Care Units , Cohort StudiesABSTRACT
Introducción: La inquietud surge como enfermera asistencial, percibiendo el trabajo diario de la enfermera jefa de servicio como sobrecargado y estresante. Está relacionado al quehacer cotidiano de la enfermera jefa, un área poco investigada. Objetivo: Comprender el cotidiano de la gestión de la enfermera jefa de servicio. Métodos: El abordaje teórico metodológico fue la fenomenología social de Alfred Schütz. El escenario, el Hospital Central de la Fuerza Aérea del Perú en el año 2018 a 2019. La muestra, conformada por diez enfermeras jefes de servicio, seleccionadas mediante saturación de discursos, utilizándose como técnica de recolección de datos la entrevista fenomenológica, como instrumento una guía de entrevista y para el análisis de los datos se utilizó el análisis temático. Resultados: Se generaron 2 categorías: "Asumiendo la responsabilidad y el liderazgo en la gestión del cotidiano de un servicio de Enfermería" y "Compartiendo intersubjetividades al interactuar con otros semejantes en el mundo de vida cotidiano". Conclusiones: La enfermera jefa de servicio en la gestión de su cotidiano tiene muy arraigado el sentido de responsabilidad atribuido al cargo, interactúa no solo con el equipo de enfermería, sino también con médicos y autoridades militares, encuentra muchas veces dificultades en hacerles entender las necesidades del servicio, sin embargo, en el cotidiano maneja estas intersubjetividades mediante su acervo de conocimientos(AU)
Introduction: The concern arises in the practice as a nurse, perceiving the daily work of the head nurse of the service as overloaded and stressful. It is associated with the daily work of the head nurse, an area little investigated. Objective: To understand the daily practice of the head nurse of the service. Methods: The theoretical-methodological approach was Alfred Schütz's social phenomenology. The setting was the Central Hospital of the Peruvian Air Force in the year 2018 to 2019. The sample was made up of ten service chief nurses, selected through saturation of speeches, using the phenomenological interview as a data collection technique; as an instrument, an interview guide was used and thematic analysis was used for data analysis. Results: Two categories were generated: "Assuming responsibility and leadership in the daily practice of a nursing service" and "Sharing intersubjectivities when interacting with other peers in the world of daily practice". Conclusions: The head nurse of the service, in the management of her daily practice, has a deep-rooted sense of responsibility attributed to the position. She interacts not only with the nursing team, but also with doctors and military authorities, often coming across difficulties in making them understand their needs. However, in everyday practice, the head nurse handles these intersubjectivities through her or his wealth of knowledge(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Data Collection/methods , Nursing, Supervisory , Health Management , Leadership , Nursing Services , Data AnalysisABSTRACT
Introdução: O Puerpério é uma fase na qual acontecem manifestações involutivas, locais ou sistêmicas, ao estado pré-gravídico. Nesse período ocorre o processo da amamentação. Porém, a amamentação pode ser ineficaz quando ocorre a insatisfação ou dificuldade que a mãe, bebê ou criança tem nesse processo. Objetivo: Identificar o diagnóstico de enfermagem "Amamentação ineficaz" em puérperas cadastradas e acompanhadas em Unidade Básica de Saúde. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, realizado no período de janeiro a abril de 2016, em Unidades Básicas de Saúde do município Vitória de Santo Antão. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de uma entrevista estruturada com questões sobre a presença ou ausência de Fatores Relacionados e Características Definidoras do diagnóstico em estudo. Os dados foram analisados quantitativamente e foi aplicado o teste exato de Fisher para verificar a associação entre as variáveis. Resultados: O diagnóstico esteve presente em 40,00 porcento das puérperas, 22 (73,30 porcento) estavam no puerpério tardio, oito (26,60 porcento) no imediato e nenhuma no remoto. Entre os 13 fatores de risco do diagnóstico Amamentação ineficaz, quatro apresentaram significância com o diagnóstico. E entre as 16 características definidoras relacionadas ao diagnóstico, três apresentaram significância estatística. Conclusões: Os indicadores clínicos mais significantes permitem ao enfermeiro a identificação do diagnóstico em puérperas, com a finalidade de promover estratégias para a realização de um aleitamento materno de maneira eficaz(AU)
El puerperio es una fase en la cual acontecen manifestaciones involutivas, locales o sistémicas al estado pregravídico. En ese período ocurre el proceso de la lactancia. Sin embargo, la lactancia puede ser ineficaz si la madre o el bebé tienen insatisfacción o dificultad en ese proceso. Objetivo: Identificar el diagnóstico enfermero "lactancia ineficaz" en puérperas catastradas y acompañadas en Unidad Básica de Salud. Métodos: Se trata de un estudio transversal, realizado en el período de enero a abril de 2016, en Unidades Básicas de Salud de Vitória de Santo Antão. La recolección de datos se realizó por medio de una entrevista estructurada con preguntas sobre la presencia o ausencia de factores relacionados y características definidoras del diagnóstico en estudio. Los datos fueron analizados cuantitativamente y se aplicó la prueba exacta de Fisher para verificar la asociación entre las variables. Resultados: El diagnóstico estuvo presente en el 40 por ciento de las puérperas, donde 22 (73,30 por ciento) estaban en el puerperio tardío, 8 (26,60 por ciento) en el inmediato y ninguna en el remoto. Entre los 13 factores relacionados del diagnóstico lactancia ineficaz, 4 presentaron significancia con el diagnóstico. Y entre las 16 características definidoras relacionadas con el diagnóstico, 3 presentaron significancia estadística. Conclusiones: Los indicadores clínicos más significativos permiten al enfermero la identificación del diagnóstico en el posparto, con la finalidad de promover estrategias para la realización de una lactancia materna de manera eficaz(AU)
Introduction: The puerperium is a phase in which involutionary, local or systemic manifestations occur with respect to the pregravid state. During this period, the breastfeeding process occurs. However, breastfeeding may be ineffective if the mother or baby has dissatisfaction or difficulty in that process. Objective: To identify the nursing diagnosis known as "ineffective breastfeeding" in puerperal women registered and accompanied in the basic health unit. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study, carried out in the period from January to April 2016, in basic health units of Vitória de Santo Antão. Data collection was carried out through a structured interview, with questions about the presence or absence of related factors and defining characteristics of the diagnosis under study. The data were quantitatively analyzed and Fisher's exact test was applied to verify the association between the variables. Results: The diagnosis was present in 40 percent of the puerperal women, where 22 (73.30 percent) were in the late puerperium, 8 (26.60 percent) were in the immediate puerperium, and none were in the remote puerperium. Among the 13 related factors of the diagnosis of ineffective breastfeeding, four presented some significance with the diagnosis, and among the 16 defining characteristics related to the diagnosis, three presented some statistical significance. Conclusions: The most significant clinical indicators allow the nurse to identify the diagnosis in the postpartum period, in order to promote strategies for the effective realization of breastfeeding(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Primary Health Care/methods , Nursing Diagnosis/methods , Breast Feeding/adverse effects , Risk Factors , Postpartum Period , Cross-Sectional Studies , Data Collection/methodsABSTRACT
RESUMEN Introducción: Las lesiones faciales pueden afectar la capacidad del paciente para comer, hablar e interactuar. Objetivo: Caracterizar el trauma maxilofacial grave en el servicio de urgencia del Hospital Universitario "General Calixto García" y "Miguel Enríquez", La Habana, Cuba. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal multicéntrico en los servicios de urgencia del Hospital Universitario "General Calixto García" y Hospital "Miguel Enríquez" de marzo 2017 a marzo 2019. Se estudió el universo de pacientes con diagnóstico de trauma maxilofacial grave. Las variables cualitativas fueron sexo, etiología, ingestión de bebidas alcohólicas y lesiones, y la cuantitativa fue edad. Se confeccionó una planilla de recolección de datos y la información se introdujo en una base de datos. Se emplearon números enteros, porcentajes y tablas estadísticas. Se buscó la asociación entre variables. Resultados: El sexo masculino constituyó un 80,6 por ciento. El grupo de edad más representado fue el de 18-30 años (33,3 por ciento), seguido por el de 31-40 (25,0 por ciento). En el 41,7 por ciento de los pacientes el trauma estuvo relacionado con accidentes del tránsito, y en el 30,6 por ciento con violencia interpersonal. En el 51,9 por ciento de los pacientes se detectó aliento etílico, con mayoría de los atendidos en el Hospital "Miguel Enríquez". Predominaron las heridas mayores de 2 cm, seguidas por las de menos de esa longitud (61,1 por ciento y 32,4 por ciento, respectivamente) y la fractura mandibular (51,9 por ciento). Conclusiones: Hubo predominio del sexo masculino y grupo de edades de 18-30; como principal etiología estuvieron los accidentes de tránsito, seguidos de la violencia interpersonal; las lesiones de tejidos blandos más frecuentes fueron las heridas mayores de 2 cm y las de tejidos duros, las fracturas mandibulares. Hubo una asociación significativa de la ingestión de bebidas alcohólicas en los pacientes tratados en el Hospital "Miguel Enríquez"(AU)
ABSTRACT Introduction: Facial injuries may affect patients' capacity to eat, speak and interact. Objective: Characterize severe maxillofacial trauma in the emergency departments of General Calixto García University Hospital and Miguel Enríquez Hospital in Havana, Cuba. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional multicenter study was conducted in the emergency departments of General Calixto García University Hospital and Miguel Enríquez Hospital from March 2017 to March 2019. The study universe was patients diagnosed with severe maxillofacial trauma. The qualitative variables were sex, etiology, consumption of alcoholic beverages and injuries, whereas the quantitative variable was age. A data collection form was developed and the information was stored in a database. Data were expressed in whole numbers, percentages and statistical tables. A search was performed for the relationship between the variables. Results: Male sex constituted 80.6 percent of the sample. The best represented age group was 18-30 years (33.3 percent), followed by 31-40 (25.0 percent). In 41.7 percent of the patients the trauma was related to traffic accidents, and in 30.6 percent to interpersonal violence. Alcohol breath was detected in 51.9 percent of the patients, among them most of those cared for at Miguel Enríquez Hospital. There was a predominance of wounds larger than 2 cm, followed by wounds under that length (61.1 percent and 32.4 percent, respectively) and mandibular fracture (51.9 percent). Conclusions: A predominance was found of the male sex and the 18-30 years age group; the main etiology was traffic accidents, followed by interpersonal violence; the most common soft tissue injuries were wounds larger than 2 cm, whereas the most common hard tissue injuries were mandibular fractures. A significant association was found with consumption of alcoholic beverages among the patients treated at Miguel Enríquez Hospital(AU)