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1.
RECIIS (Online) ; 18(1)jan.-mar. 2024.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, ColecionaSUS | ID: biblio-1553215

ABSTRACT

Neste artigo, iremos apresentar como ocorreu a edição virtual da Maratona do Rio de Janeiro em 2020, ainda sem autorizações sanitárias para a realização de grandes eventos. Para isso, analisaremos o Guia do corredor, apresentado aos corredores na época. A competição é realizada por meio de uso de aplicativos, mas o atleta é estimulado a correr com o slogan "Não correr nunca foi uma opção". Abordamos os conceitos de necrodemografia e necropolítica. Entende-se que a Maratona do Rio pratica uma espécie de necropolíti-ca ao organizar a competição em pleno período pandêmico do Brasil, apesar de valorizar a paisagem da rua em suas plataformas comunicacionais.


In this article, we will present how the virtual edition of the Rio de Janeiro Marathon took place in 2020 in the middle of the pandemic, still without health permits to hold major events. For this, we will analyze the Runner's Guide presented to the runners at the time. The competition is carried out using applications, but the athlete is encouraged to run with the slogan "Not running was never an option". We approach the concepts of necrodemography and necropolitics. It is understood that the Rio Marathon practices a kind of necropolitics when organizing the competition in the middle of the pandemic period in Brazil, despite valuing the street landscape in its communication platforms.


Dans cet article, nous allons vous présenter comment s'est déroulée l'édition virtuelle du Marathon de Rio de Janeiro en 2020, toujours sans autorisations sanitaires pour les grands événements. Pour cela, nous analyserons le Guide du marathonien, présenté aux marathoniens à l'époque. La compétition se déroule à l'aide d'applications, mais l'athlète est encouragé à courir avec le slogan "Ne pas courir n'a jamais été une option". Nous abordons les concepts de nécrodémographie et de nécropolitique. Il est entendu que le Marathon de Rio pratique une sorte de nécropolitique en organisant la compétition en pleine pandémie au Brésil, malgré la valorisation du paysage de rue dans ses plateformes de communication.


Subject(s)
Humans , Running , Politics , Socioeconomic Factors , Population Dynamics , Quarantine , Demography , COVID-19
2.
Rev. Bras. Saúde Mater. Infant. (Online) ; 24: e20230091, 2024. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1529390

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objectives: to analyze the trend and spatial distribution of hepatitis B in pregnant women in Brazil. Methods: ecological study based on all notified cases of hepatitis B in pregnant women through the Information System for Notifiable Diseases - Sinan between 2009 and 2018. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) detection rates were calculated in all municipalities. Spatial analysis was performed using the Global Moran Index for global data and local indicators of spatial association (Lisa) for the 5,570 municipalities. For trend analysis by State, the Prais-Winsten generalized linear regression model was used. Results: 15,253 pregnant women with HBV were reported. High detection rates were observed in the municipalities of São Miguel da Boa Vista-SC (68.96/1000 live births (LB)), Araguaiana-MT (68.18/1000 LB), Reserva do Cabaçal-MT (80, 00/1,000 LB), São Geraldo da Piedade-MG (75/1000 LB), Porto Mauá-RS (111, 11/1000 LB), in the respective bienniums. Moran (I) (I=0.056) showed a positive spatial association. In Lisa, 78 municipalities were included in the high-high cluster, 51.28% in the South region and 48 in the low-low cluster with 72.91% in the Southeast. There was an increasing trend in Maranhão (p=0.004) and Pernambuco (p=0.007) and a decrease in Mato Grosso (p=0.012), Paraná (p=0.031) and Santa Catarina (p=0.008). Conclusion: the detection of hepatitis B in pregnant women was observed in most Brazilian municipalities, with an increasing trend in two states and a decrease in three others.


Resumo Objetivos: analisar a tendência e distribuição espacial da hepatite B em gestantes no Brasil. Métodos: estudo ecológico a partir de todos os casos notificados de hepatite B em gestantes pelo Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação - Sinan entre 2009 e 2018. Foram calculadas as taxas de detecção do vírus da hepatite B (HBV) em todos os municípios. A análise espacial foi realizada por meio do Índice Global de Moran para os dados globais e os indicadores locais de associação espacial (Lisa) para os 5.570 municípios. Para análise de tendências por Estado, utilizou-se o modelo de regressão linear generalizada de Prais-Winsten. Resultados: foram notificadas 15.253 gestantes com HBV. Observou-se altas taxas de detecção nos municípios de São Miguel da Boa Vista-SC (68,96/1000 Nascidos vivos (NV)), Araguaiana-MT (68,18/1000 NV), Reserva do Cabaçal-MT(80,00/1.000 NV), São Geraldo da Piedade-MG (75/1000 NV), Porto Mauá-RS (111,11/1000 NV), nos respectivos biênios. Moran (I) (I=0,056) apresentou associação espacial positiva. No Lisa observou-se 78 municípios inserido no cluster alto-alto, sendo 51,28%na região Sul e 48 no cluster baixo-baixo com 72,91% no Sudeste. Verificou-se tendência crescente no Maranhão (p=0,004) e Pernambuco (p=0,007) e diminuição no Mato Grosso (p=0,012), Paraná (p=0,031) e Santa Catarina (p=0,008). Conclusão: Observou-se a detecção de hepatite B em gestantes na maioria dos municípios brasileiros, com tendência crescente em dois estados e diminuição em outros três.


Subject(s)
Female , Pregnancy , Demography , Hepatitis B virus , Pregnant Women , Hepatitis B/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Disease Notification , Ecological Studies
3.
Revista Digital de Postgrado ; 12(3): 372, dic. 2023. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, LIVECS | ID: biblio-1531773

ABSTRACT

La presente revisión surge dada la importancia otorgada a la Encuesta Nacional de Condiciones de Vida (ENCOVI) de Venezuela, la edición de dicha encuesta proporciona información representativa de la situacióneconómica, social y de salud de los hogares del país. Los resultados de la encuesta permiten a investigadores y expertos analizar y comprender la magnitud de la crisis en sus diversos aspectos y sus efectos sobre la población y las condiciones de vida, lo que la convierte en una herramienta esencial para entender los problemas que enfrenta la población de Venezuela y la forma de abordarlos de manera efectiva. La ENCOVI proporciona información útil, no solo, a la sociedad civil y Organizaciones No Gubernamentales (ONGs), también a instituciones gubernamentales, al ser divulgada a través de medios de comunicación, aportando importantes insumos para el abordaje de los problemas públicos y los desafíos encada sector, permitiendo comprender las condiciones de vida en los hogares venezolanos. La investigación se basa en un diseño bibliográfico-documental, efectuando para ello 6 fases constituidas por: búsqueda, compilación, revisión, selección,organización y examen sistemático. El objetivo es describir aspectos metodológicos utilizados en la encuesta nacional de condiciones de vida desde el 2014 hasta el 2022.


The present review arises given the importance givento the National Survey of Living Conditions (ENCOVI) of Venezuela, the edition of said survey provides representative information on the economic, social and health situation ofhouseholds in the country. The results of the survey allowresearchers and experts to analyze and understand the magnitudeof the crisis in its various aspects and its effects on the populationand living conditions, which makes it an essential tool tounderstand the problems faced by the population. of Venezuelaand how to address them effectively. The ENCOVI providesuseful information, not only to civil society and NGOs, butalso to government institutions when disseminated throughthe media, providing important inputs for addressing publicproblems and challenges in each sector, allowing understandingof the conditions of life in Venezuelan homes. The research is based on a bibliographic-documentary design, carrying out6 phases consisting of: search, compilation, review, selection,organization and systematic review. The objective is to describemethodological aspects used in the national survey of livingconditions from 2014 to 2022.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Social Conditions/economics , Social Conditions/statistics & numerical data , Surveys and Questionnaires/statistics & numerical data , Socioeconomic Factors , Unified Health System , Demography , Nutritional Status , Government
4.
Rev. Ciênc. Saúde ; 13(4): 38-45, Dezembro 2023.
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1526655

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Avaliar a quantidade anual de baciloscopias para hanseníase realizadas no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) nos últimos dez anos. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo ecológico, longitudinal, retrospectivo e quantitativo, utilizando dados do Sistema de InformaçõesAmbulatoriais (SIA/SUS). A quantidade de baciloscopias para hanseníase a cada 100.000 residentes foi estimada para o Brasil e suas cinco macrorregiões, avaliada entre 2013 e 2022 com nível de significância (a) de 5%. Resultados:Mais de 1,3 milhões de baciloscopias foram notificadas nos últimos dez anos no SUS. A mediana da incidência anual foi de 67 baciloscopias para hanseníase por 100.000 residentes, sendo a máxima observada em 2013 (82) e a mínima em 2022 (46). As incidências anuais nas macrorregiões Norte, Centro-oeste e Nordeste foram significativamente superiores à estimativa nacional, enquanto no Sul e Sudeste foram inferiores (p<0,05). A tendência temporal foi considerada decrescente para a estimativa nacional (p= 0,002), com variação percentualanual de -5,6% (IC95% = -3,8%; -8,2%). Entretanto, após desconsiderar os anos da pandemia de COVID-19 (2020-2022), a tendência tornou-se estacionária (p= 0,181). Além disso, a incidência durante o período pré-pandêmico foi significativamente maior quandocomparada ao terceiro ano após o advento da pandemia em todas as macrorregiões do Brasil (p<0,05). Conclusão:Foi possível concluir que o SUS realizou um número expressivo de baciloscopias para hanseníase nos últimos dez anos, mas existem disparidades macrorregionais no Brasil, bem como um impacto significativo da pandemia de COVID-19


Objective:To evaluate the annual number of skin smear microscopies for leprosy performed in the Unified Health System (SUS) in the last decade. Methods:An ecological, longitudinal, retrospective, and quantitative study was conducted using data from the Ambulatory Information System (SIA/SUS). The number of skin smear microscopies for leprosy per 100,000 residents was estimated for Brazil and its five macroregions, between 2013 and 2022, with a significance level (a) of 5%.Results:More than 1.3 million skin smear microscopies were reported in the last decade in the SUS. The median annual incidence was 67 skin smear microscopies for leprosy per 100,000 residents, with the maximum observed in 2013 (82) and the minimum in 2022 (46). Annual incidences in the North, Central-West, and Northeast macro-regions were significantly higher than the national estimate, whereas in the South and Southeast, they were lower (p <0.05). The temporal trend was considered decreasing for the national estimate (p = 0.002), with an annual percentage variation of -5.6% (95%CI = -3.8%; -8.2%). However, after disregarding the years of the COVID-19 pandemic (2020-2022), the trend became stationary (p = 0.181). Furthermore, the incidence during the pre-pandemic period was significantly higher compared with the third year after the advent of the pandemic in all macro-regions of Brazil (p<0.05).Conclusion:It was possible to conclude that the SUS performed a significant number of skin smear microscopies for leprosy in the last ten years, but there are macro-regional disparities in Brazil and a significant impact of the COVID-19 pandemic


Subject(s)
Humans , Demography
5.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1535455

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La espirometría es una prueba de función pulmonar usada en la valoración de programas de rehabilitación para evaluar exposiciones a tóxicos y alérgenos, en estudios epidemiológicos y en el desarrollo de ecuaciones de referencia en poblaciones específicas; estos valores pueden variar de acuerdo con la altura. Objetivo: Establecer las diferencias entre los valores de referencia de espirometría forzada en población adulta residentes en alturas mayores y menores a 1500 metros sobre el nivel del mar. Métodos: Revisión sistemática, se encontraron 536 estudios, se evaluaron 66 en texto completo, 33 en calidad metodológica con las listas de chequeo Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies y Quality Assessment of Case-Control Studies; 21 estudios fueron seleccionados para la revisión y 12 surtieron metanálisis. Resultados: Se contó con 48 923 participantes de alturas entre 2,4 y 4440 m s. n. m. Hay diferencias iniciales al relacionar la altura (+/-1500 m s. n. m) con el VEF1 (hombres: DM 0,29; IC: 0,03-0,55; mujeres: DM 0,27; IC: -0,07-0,60) y los valores de referencia con el sexo: CVF (DM 1,31; IC: 1,24-1,37) y VEF1 (DM: 1,03; IC: 0,95-1,11). Se reportó alta heterogeneidad y riesgo de sesgo de publicación. Discusión: Estas diferencias se dan en función de aspectos antropométricos y fisiológicos como la aclimatación y el envejecimiento pulmonar. Los mecanismos que influyen en estos cambios son la adaptación genética, molecular, fisiológica y anatómica, que permiten compensar los efectos de la hipoxia aguda o crónica, lo cual aumenta la ventilación alveolar y los valores espirométricos. Conclusiones: Los valores de referencia de espirometría varían de acuerdo con la altura (mayores en alturas > 1500 m s. n. m) y el sexo (más elevados en hombres). Es necesario contar con evidencias más amplias y contundentes en la temática.


Introduction: Spirometry is a lung function test used in the evaluation of rehabilitation programs to evaluate exposures to toxics and allergens in epidemiological studies and in the development of reference equations in specific populations; these values may vary according to height. Objective: To establish the differences between the reference values of forced spirometry in the adult population living at altitudes greater than and less than 1,500 meters above sea level. Methods: Systematic review a total of 536 studies were found; 66 were assessed in full text and 33 were assessed for methodological quality using the Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies and Quality Assessment of Case-Control Studies checklists; 21 studies were selected for the review and 12 provided meta-analyses. Results: There were 48,923 participants from heights between 2.4 and 4,440 m.a.s.l. There are initial differences when relating height (+/-1,500 m.a.s.l.) with FEV1 (men: MD 0.29; CI: 0.03-0.55; women: MD 0.27; CI: -0.07-0 .60); and the reference values with gender: FVC (MD 1.31, CI: 1.24-1.37) and FEV1 (MD: 1.03, CI: 0.95-1.11). High heterogeneity and risk of publication bias are reported. Discussion: These differences occur based on anthropometric and physiological aspects such as acclimatization and lung aging. The mechanisms that influence these changes are genetic, molecular, physiological and anatomical adaptations that allow compensation for the effects of acute or chronic hypoxia, which increases alveolar ventilation and spirometric values. Conclusions: The spirometry reference values vary according to height (higher at heights >1,500 m.a.s.l.) and sex (higher in men). It is necessary to have broader and more convincing evidence on the subject.


Subject(s)
Humans , Reference Values , Spirometry , Pulmonary Medicine , Adult , Altitude , Demography , Meta-Analysis , Systematic Review
7.
Rev. bras. ginecol. obstet ; 45(7): 401-408, July 2023. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1507876

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective To analyze the outcomes of a cohort of patients with high-risk histologies of endometrial cancer (EC) treated at Instituto Nacional de Câncer (National Cancer Institute, INCA, in Portuguese), in Brazil. Materials and Methods We reviewed the medical records of patients with high-risk histologies of EC in any stage registered at INCA between 2010 and 2016 to perform a clinical and demographic descriptive analysis and to evaluate the outcomes in terms of recurrence and survival. Results From 2010 to 2016, 2,145 EC patients were registered and treated at INCA, and 466 had high-grade histologies that met the inclusion criteria. The mean age of the patients was 65 years, 44.6% were Caucasian, and 90% had a performance status of 0 or 1. The most common histology was high-grade endometrioid (31.1%), followed by serous carcinoma (25.3%), mixed (20.0%), carcinosarcoma (13.5%), and clear cell carcinoma (9.4%). Considering the 2018 Fédération Internationale de Gynécologie et d'Obstétrique (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics, FIGO, in French) staging system, 44.8%, 12.4%, 29.8%, and 12.9% of the patient were in stages I, II, III or IV respectively. Age (> 60 years), more than 50% of myoinvasion, higher stage, poor performance status, serous and carcinosarcoma histologies, and adjuvant treatment were independent factors associated with recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) in the multivariate analysis. Conclusion The current findings reinforced the international data showing poor outcomes of these tumors, especially for serous and carcinosarcomas and tumors with advanced stages, with shorter survival and high recurrence rates in distant sites, independently of the FIGO stage. Adjuvant therapy was associated with better survival.


Resumo Objetivo Analisar os desfechos de uma coorte de pacientes com câncer de endométrio (CE) e histologias de alto risco atendida no Instituto Nacional do Câncer (INCA) entre 2010 e 2016. Materiais e Métodos Foram revisados prontuários de pacientes com histologias de alto risco de CE em qualquer estágio cadastradas no INCA entre 2010 e 2016 para realizar uma análise descritiva clínica e demográfica e avaliar os resultados em termos de recorrência e sobrevida. Resultados De 2010 a 2016, 2.145 pacientes com CE foram cadastradas e atendidas no INCA, e 466 tinham histologias de alto grau e atendiam aos critérios de inclusão. A média de idade das pacientes foi de 65 anos, 44,6% eram brancas, e 90% tinham performance status de 0 ou 1. A histologia mais comum foi endometrioide de alto grau (31,1%), seguida de carcinoma seroso (25,3%), misto (20,0%), carcinossarcoma (13,5%) e carcinoma de células claras (9,4%). Considerando o estadiamento da Fédération Internationale de Gynécologie et d'Obstétrique (Federação Internacional de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia, FIGO, em francês) de 2018, 44,8%, 12,4%, 29,8% e 12,9% apresentaram estágios I, II, III ou IV, respectivamente. Idade (> 60 anos), mais de 50% de mioinvasão, estágio avançado, performance status ruim, histologias serosas e carcinossarcoma, e tratamento adjuvante foram fatores independentes associados à sobrevida livre de recorrência e sobrevida global na análise multivariada. Conclusão Os achados atuais reforçam os dados internacionais que demonstram o prognóstico ruim desses tumores, principalmente para as histologias serosas e carcinossarcomas e para estágios avançados, com menor sobrevida e altas taxas de recorrência à distância, independentemente do estágio da FIGO. A terapia adjuvante foi associada a melhor sobrevida.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Brazil , Demography , Endometrial Neoplasms/therapy
8.
J. Health NPEPS ; 8(1): e10825, jan - jun, 2023.
Article in English | ColecionaSUS, BDENF, LILACS | ID: biblio-1512666

ABSTRACT

Objective: assess which demographic and socioeconomic factors contribute to the different impacts of COVID-19 by regions in Brazil. Method: descriptive study with mathematic modeling (USA) were use to assess deaths and COVID-19 cases and also establish a standard relational relationship with demographic and socioeconomic factors across the country and by regions (2020 to 2023). The factors analyzed in the study: i) deaths and cases of COVID-19, ii) total population density per thousand kilometers, iii) isolation index, iv) population, v) Human Development Index - HDI, vi) population density, vii ) average water tariff, viii) urban water service tariff, ix) total water tariff, x) urban sewage service tariff referring to municipalities served with water, xi) service tariff of total sewage, referring to the municipalities served with water, xii) Gini index (income concentration level), xiii) 1st and 2nd dose of vaccine, and xiv) Gross Domestic Product. Results: the study reveals that COVID-19 cases/deaths are significantly correlated with GDP and inversely correlated with the vaccination rate. Conclusion: this study shows scientific evidence that supports the use of vaccination as a protective measure against COVID-19 mortality in Brazil.


Objetivo: avaliar os fatores demográficos e socioeconômicos que contribuem para os diferentes impactos da COVID-19 por regiões do Brasil. Método: estudo descritivo com modelo matemático (USA) foi utilizado para avaliar óbitos e casos de COVID-19 e também estabelecer uma relaçao padrão com fatores demográficos e socioeconômicos em todo o país e por regiões (2020a 2023). Os fatores analisados no estudo: i) óbitos e casos de COVID-19; ii) densidade populacional total por mil quilômetros; iii) índice de isolamento; iv) população; v) Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano; vi)densidade demográfica; vii) tarifa média de água; viii) tarifa de serviço de água urbana; ix) tarifa de água total; x) tarifa de serviço de esgoto urbano referente aos municípios atendidos com água; xi) tarifa de serviço de esgoto total referente aos municípios atendidos com água; xii) índice de Gini; xiii) 1ª e 2ª dose de vacina; e xiv) Produto Interno Bruto. Resultados: o estudo revela que casos/óbitos por COVID-19 são significativamente correlacionados com o PIB e inversamente correlacionados com a taxa de vacinação. Conclusão: este estudo mostra evidências científicas que apoiam o uso da vacinação como medida de proteção contra a mortalidade por COVID-19 no Brasil.


Subject(s)
Brazil , Demography , Mortality , COVID-19
9.
Rev. méd. Maule ; 38(1): 35-43, jun. 2023. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1562331

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder that affects all aspects of the life and family of the person who suffers from it. The SARS-COV-2 infection pandemic has generated an immense problem at the health system level, causing a significant overload and a complexity of the services to attend to the infection. The foregoing has led many people to lose their chronic controls and cannot take care of themselves properly. OBJECTIVES: To measure the impact of the SARS-COV2 pandemic on the control of diabetic patients at CESFAM Las Américas, Talca city. METHODS: Observational, descriptive/analytical study of the Cardiovascular Health Program at CESFAM Las Américas in the city of Talca, of type 2 diabetic patients, enrolled under control, evaluated between December 2019 and September 2021. Information cutoffs will be 12 months and 15 months RESULTS: In a comparative analysis, we found significant differences with an increase in the indicators BMI, Glycemia, HAb1c and Triglycerides during the time of the Pandemic. However, clinically modest.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/physiopathology , COVID-19/complications , Signs and Symptoms , Blood Glucose/analysis , Demography , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Clinical Laboratory Techniques , Family Practice
10.
Salud trab. (Maracay) ; 31(1): 7-22, jun. 2023. tab.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, LIVECS | ID: biblio-1452205

ABSTRACT

El objetivo fue analizar el estrés laboral de mujeres y hombres con empleo y categorías laborales y demográficas similares, estudiando su asociación con la sintomatología mental. Estudio exploratoriodescriptivo y transversal con una muestra de conveniencia formada por 2643 personas con empleo y edades entre 18 y 64 años de las cuales el 54.3% son hombres y el 45.7% mujeres. Todas fueron evaluadas mediante cinco autoinformes y una hoja de recogida de datos sociodemográficos y de usos del tiempo. Resultados: El 67.5% de los hombres y el 66.5% de las mujeres tuvo algún tipo de estrés relacionado con el trabajo, no existiendo diferencias entre mujeres y hombres en ninguna de las medidas de estrés laboral, en insatisfacción con el rol laboral, ni en la asociación entre el estrés laboral y la sintomatología mental, asociación que era muy baja en mujeres y en hombres. Las mujeres tenían más estrés crónico no laboral y mayores contrariedades diarias que los hombres, además de mayor sintomatología mental de ansiedad, depresión grave, somática y de disfunción social. Asimismo, dedicaban más tiempo a las tareas domésticas y de cuidado y menos al ocio y a las actividades físico-deportivas que los hombres. Conclusiones: los resultados evidenciaron que el rol laboral no supone amenazas específicas para la salud mental de las mujeres con empleo, aunque sí parecen suponerlas su mayor dedicación a las tareas domésticas y de cuidado. Los resultados del presente trabajo son relevantes para el diseño de políticas y programas destinados a fomentar la salud de la ciudadanía y al logro de mayor igualdad de género(AU)


The objective was to analyze work stress in women and men with similar occupation and demographic categories, studying its association with mental symptomatology. Exploratory-descriptive and cross-sectional study with a convenience sample of 2643 employed persons aged 18 to 64 years, 54.3% of whom were men and 45.7% women. All were assessed by five self-reports and a sociodemographic and time-use data collection sheet. Results: 67.5% of the men and 66.5% of the women had some type of work-related stress. There were no differences between women and men in any of the measures of work stress, in dissatisfaction with the work role, or in the association between work stress and mental symptomatology, association that was very low in both women and men. Women had more chronic non-work stress and greater daily hassles than men, as well as greater symptomatology of anxiety, severe depression, somatic and social dysfunction. In addition, they spent more time on housework and caregiving and less time on leisure and physical-sports activities than men. Conclusions: the results show that the work role does not pose specific threats to the mental health of working women, although their greater dedication to domestic and caregiving tasks does seem to do so. The results of this study are relevant for the design of policies and programs aimed at promoting the health of citizens and achieving greater gender equality(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Demography/statistics & numerical data , Occupational Stress/diagnosis , Gender Studies , Data Collection/statistics & numerical data , Gender Identity
11.
Rev. bras. ativ. fís. saúde ; 28: 1-9, mar. 2023.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1437627

ABSTRACT

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi descrever e analisar a série temporal da inserção de profissionais de educação física (PEF) no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) no período de 2007 a 2021, bem como apresentar a distribuição por regiões e estados de profissionais no território brasileiro. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo e de série temporal que utilizou dados secundários oriundos do sistema de consultas do Cadastro Nacional dos Estabelecimentos de Saúde (CNES). Analisou-se o quantitativo de PEF no SUS nas cinco regiões e nos vinte e seis estados e no Distrito Federal entre 2007 e 2021 e reali-zou-se a análise temporal para verificar a distribuição dos PEF nas regiões brasileiras. Os resultados apontam para um crescimento no número de PEF entre 2007 (n = 22) e 2020 (n = 7.560) em todo o país. Em 2021 observa-se uma redução de 2,8% no quantitativo de PEF. Entre as regiões, os maio-res quantitativos foram observados nas regiões Nordeste e Sudeste, enquanto nos estados a maior concentração foi em Minas Gerais, seguido de São Paulo, Pernambuco, Bahia e Rio Grande do Sul. Observou-se uma tendência crescente de PEF nas regiões Norte e Sul. Conclui-se que o quantitativo de PEF atuantes no SUS teve um crescimento expressivo durante o período analisado, sendo fruto das políticas públicas e programas voltados à promoção da atividade física constituídos ao longo do tempo. Apesar disso, há importantes disparidades geográficas que não devem ser desconsideradas, reforçando a necessidade de estratégias coletivas e investimentos em políticas públicas que fomentem a inserção dos PEF na rede assistencial e de fortalecimento do SUS


The aim of this study was to describe and analyze the time series of physical education professionals (PEF in Portuguese) in the Unified Health System (SUS in Portuguese) from 2007 to 2021, as well as to present their distribution by Brazilian regions and states. This is a time series study which used secondary data from the Consultation System of the National Registry of Health Establishments (CNES in Portuguese). We analyzed the number of PEF in the country, in the five Regions and in the twenty-six States and the Fed-eral District between 2007 and 2021 and the temporal analysis was carried out to verify the distribution of PEF in the Brazilian regions. The results point to an increase in the number of PEF between 2007 (n = 22) and 2020 (n = 7560). In 2021, there is a 2.8% reduction in the amount of PEF. Among the regions, the highest numbers were observed in the Northeast and Southeast regions, while in the states the highest con-centration was in Minas Gerais, followed by São Paulo, Pernambuco, Bahia and Rio Grande do Sul. There was an increasing trend in the distribution of PEF in the North and South regions. The number of PEF working in the SUS had an expressive growth during the analyzed period, being the result of public policies and programs aimed at promoting physical activity constituted over time. Despite this, there are important geographic disparities that should not be disregarded, reinforcing the need for collective strategies and financ-ing in public policies that encourage the insertion of PEFs in the care network and the strengthening of SUS


Subject(s)
Humans , Physical Education and Training/statistics & numerical data , Unified Health System , Health Promotion , Brazil , Registries , Demography , Epidemiology, Descriptive
15.
Cad. saúde colet., (Rio J.) ; 31(1): e31010209, 2023. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1430136

ABSTRACT

Resumo Introdução O suicídio representa um importante problema de saúde pública no mundo. Considerado um fenômeno complexo, está associado a fatores sociais, biológicos e demográficos. A qualidade dos dados registrados na declaração de óbito é fundamental para conhecer a magnitude deste problema e subsidiar a construção de indicadores epidemiológicos que contribuem para a eficiência da gestão em saúde. Objetivo Analisar a evolução da completude dos registros de suicídio do Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade (SIM) no estado de Pernambuco, entre 1996 e 2015. Métodos Calculou-se a proporção de completude das variáveis da Declaração de Óbito. Para análise da tendência da completude, empregou-se o modelo de regressão Joinpoint. Resultados Houve tendência de aumento de completude das variáveis analisadas, com destaque para "raça/cor", "estado civil" e "escolaridade", com aumento superior a 60,0%. Conclusão A análise de tendência temporal mostrou melhoria no preenchimento dos dados sobre suicídio no SIM, porém, ainda figura o desafio de alcançar menos de 5,0% de incompletude para todas as variáveis. A avaliação da completude dos registros de suicídio contribui com o sistema de vigilância e com o aprimoramento das estatísticas vitais relacionadas às causas externas.


Abstract Background Suicide represents an important public health problem in the world. Considered a complex phenomenon it is associated with social, biological and demographic factors. The quality of the data registered in the Death Certificate is fundamental to know the magnitude of this problem and subsidizes the construction of epidemiological indicators that contribute to the efficiency of health management. Objective To analyze the evolution of the completeness of suicide records in the mortality information system (SIM) of the state of Pernambuco, between 1996 and 2015. Method The proportion of completeness of the death certificate variables was calculated. For the analysis of the completeness trend, the Joinpoint Regression model was used. Results There was a tendency to increase the completeness of the variables analyzed, with an emphasis on "race/color", "marital status", and "education level", with an increase of more than 60%. Conclusion Analysis of temporal trends showed an improvement in the filling of suicide data into the SIM. However, the challenge remains to reach less than 5% incompleteness across all variables. The assessment of the completeness of suicide records in the SIM is relevant for contributing to the suicide surveillance system and for the improvement of vital statistics related to external causes.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Suicide , Public Health , External Causes , Health Information Systems , Risk Groups , Demography , Vital Statistics , Racial Groups
16.
Cad. saúde colet., (Rio J.) ; 31(1): e30040425, 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1430134

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background Head lice, or head pediculosis, is a parasitosis considered a serious public health problem that affects mainly resource-limited countries. Objective To describe epidemiological aspects of the pediculosis capitis in Minas Gerais, in Brazil. Method This systematic review was conducted through the standards established by the Preferred Reporting Items in Systematic Reviews and Metanalyses (PRISMA). PubMed, LILACS, and SciELO databases, as well as the gray literature, were searched. Results Nine of 1,167 studies were included, published between 1988 and 2019. These studies reported a total prevalence of parasitosis that ranged from 1.4% to 57.4%. The prevalence of head lice ranged from 0.0% to 66.7% for males and 2.3% to 57.4% for females, thus being higher in black-skinned people (1.4% to 40.3%). Regarding age, the highest prevalence was 10-12 years old (45.3%). As for the characteristics of the hair, there was a greater infestation in people with long (16.0% to 79.5%), wavy (0.0% to 44.7%), dark (0.0% to 36.6%), with low capillary density (35.4%), and thick hair (39.2%). Conclusion Head pediculosis affects both sexes, different ages, and races, representing an important health problem in Minas Gerais, not only due to the presence of ectoparasite but also to the secondary complications that can be generated from this parasitism.


Resumo Introdução A pediculose de cabeça é uma parasitose considerada um sério problema de saúde pública, afetando principalmente países com recursos limitados. Objetivo Descrever os aspectos epidemiológicos da pediculose de cabeça em Minas Gerais, Brasil. Método Revisão sistemática conduzida por meio dos padrões estabelecidos pelo Preferred Reporting Items in Systematic Reviews and Metanalyses (PRISMA). Foram pesquisadas as bases de dados PubMed, LILACS e SciELO, bem como a literatura cinza. Resultados Nove de 1.167 estudos foram incluídos, publicados entre 1988 e 2019. Relatou-se uma prevalência total da parasitose que variou de 1,4% a 57,4%. Ela variou de 0,0% a 66,7% para homens e 2,3% a 57,4% para mulheres, sendo maior em pessoas de cor negra (1,4% a 40,3%). Em relação à idade, a maior prevalência foi de 10 a 12 anos (45,3%). Quanto às características dos cabelos, houve maior infestação em pessoas com cabelos longos (16,0% a 79,5%), ondulados (0,0% a 44,7%), escuros (0,0% a 36,6%), com baixa densidade capilar (35,4%) e fios grossos (39,2%). Conclusão A pediculose atinge ambos os sexos, diferentes idades e raças, representando um importante problema de saúde em Minas Gerais, não só pela presença do ectoparasita, mas também pelas complicações secundárias que podem ser geradas desse parasitismo.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adult , Aged , Young Adult , Parasitic Diseases , Lice Infestations , Public Health , Ectoparasitic Infestations , Arthropods , Demography , Epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies
17.
Estud. Psicol. (Campinas, Online) ; 40: e200072, 2023. tab
Article in English | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: biblio-1448230

ABSTRACT

Objective: This research aimed to identify the profile of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy supervisors in this country and to know their training to exercise this professional activity. Method: A nationwide online survey was conducted with 180 Cognitive Behavioral Therapy supervisors, 73.8% of whom were female, with a mean age of 40.3 years (SD = 10.03). Results: Among the main results, the intense academic training, training for psychotherapeutic practice and time of clinical experience (12.6 years, SD = 7.64) and supervised experience (7.4 years, SD = 7.26) stand out. Only 27.8% of the participants indicated having received specific training for supervisors and there was a lack of indications of training resources for remote supervision. Conclusion: This is considered the first research to outline the profile of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy supervisors in Brazil, expanding the vision on this professional activity.


Objetivo: Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo identificar o perfil de supervisores de Terapia Cognitivo-Comportamental no país e conhecer sua formação para exercer essa atividade profissional. Método: Foi realizado um survey online em âmbito nacional com 180 supervisores de Terapia Cognitivo-Comportamental, sendo 73,8% do sexo feminino, com a média de idade de 40,3 anos (DP = 10,03). Resultados: Entre os principais resultados, ressalta-se a intensa formação acadêmica, treinamento para prática psicoterápica e tempo de experiência clínica (12,6 anos, DP = 7,64) e supervisionada (7,4 anos, DP = 7,26). Apenas 27,8% dos participantes indicaram treinamento específico para supervisor e houve uma lacuna de indicativos de treinamentos de recursos para supervisões remotas. Conclusão: Considera-se essa a primeira pesquisa a traçar o perfil de supervisores de Terapia Cognitivo-Comportamental no Brasil, ampliando o olhar para esta atividade profissional.


Subject(s)
Preceptorship , Cognitive Behavioral Therapy , Demography
18.
Rev. Bras. Saúde Mater. Infant. (Online) ; 23: e20230116, 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1521525

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objectives: to analyze the temporal trend and spatial distribution of infant mortality in Pernambuco from 2001 to 2019. Methods: an ecological study involving all deaths in children under one year of age living in the state. Data were collected from the Mortality Information System and the Live Birth Information System. Four mortality rates were calculated and the temporal analysis was performed by applying the regression model by inflection points of the rates at different spatial levels. Results: 47,949 deaths were recorded, of which 51.0% (n=24,447) occurred in the first six days of life. A statistically significant downward trend was observed in all the rates analyzed (-4.5%/year in overall mortality, -3.6%/year in early neonatal mortality, -1.9%/year in the late neonatal component, and -6.3%/year in the post-neonatal component). Additionally, 64.3% of the municipalities (n=119) showed a declining trend in the overall infant mortality rate. Less than 50% of the municipalities showed a downward trend in early neonatal and late neonatal mortality (41.08%; n=76 and 43.2%; n=80, respectively). In post-neonatal mortality, 57.3% (n=106) showed decreasing trends. Conclusions: there was a temporal trend of decline in overall infant mortality, although there is an important portion of municipalities with a stationary trend, justifying the need to reduce social inequalities and geographical asymmetries.


Resumo Objetivos: analisar a tendência temporal e a distribuição espacial da mortalidade infantil em Pernambuco no período de 2001 a 2019. Métodos: estudo ecológico envolvendo todos os óbitos em crianças menores de um ano residentes no estado. Os dados foram coletados no Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade e no Sistema de Informação sobre Nascidos Vivos. Foram calculados quatro coeficientes de mortalidade e a análise temporal foi realizada aplicando o modelo de regressão por pontos de inflexão dos coeficientes em diferentes níveis espaciais. Resultados: foram registrados 47.949 óbitos, dos quais 51,0% (n=24.447) ocorreram nos seis primeiros dias de vida. Foi observada tendência de declínio estatisticamente significativo em todos os coeficientes analisados (-4,5%/ano na mortalidade geral, -3,6%/ano na neonatal precoce, -1,9%/ano no componente neonatal tardio e de -6,3%/ano no componente pós-neonatal). Adicionalmente, 64,3% dos municípios (n=119) apresentaram tendência de declínio no coeficiente de mortalidade infantil geral. Menos de 50% dos municípios apresentaram tendência de redução na mortalidade neonatal precoce e neonatal tardia (41,08%; n=76 e 43,2%; n=80, respectivamente). Na mortalidade pós-neonatal, 57,3% (n=106) apresentaram tendências decrescentes. Conclusões: houve tendência temporal de declínio da mortalidade infantil geral, embora haja importante parcela de municípios com tendência estacionária, justificando a necessidade de reduzir desigualdades sociais e assimetrias geográficas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Time Factors , Infant Mortality/trends , Indicators of Morbidity and Mortality , Ecological Studies , Brazil/epidemiology , Demography , Early Neonatal Mortality
19.
Rev. chil. endocrinol. diabetes ; 16(3): 53-59, 2023. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1451959

ABSTRACT

En abril de 2021 el ministerio de salud de Chile da a conocer un estudio que explicita un importante déficit de médicos con especialidades derivadas de la Medicina Interna. En endocrinólogos de adultos se estima un déficit de 14 profesionales en el sistema público de Salud al año 2024, así como un endocrinólogo infantil y 10 diabetólogos; y una lista de espera estimada en 23.000 consultas de la especialidad para 2020. OBJETIVOS: cuantificar el número de especialistas en endocrinología de adultos, infantil y diabetología de nuestro país, y su distribución en nuestro territorio. MÉTODOS: Se realiza la búsqueda de todos los médicos registrados bajo la especialidad endocrinología y diabetología en la Superintendencia de Salud, su distribución por regiones del país, en relación del número de habitantes regional y nacional. RESULTADOS: Existen 340 especialistas en endocrinología y 188 diabetólogos a nivel nacional; 1.93 y 1.33 por cada 100.000 habitantes, respectivamente. El 75% de ellos se registra en las regiones Metropolitana, Valparaíso y Bio Bío. En 5 regiones del país se registra un profesional para toda la región; en una región no se registran profesionales de endocrinología ni diabetología. CONCLUSIONES: Este trabajo da cuenta de una desigual distribución regional de especialistas en endocrinología y diabetes en Chile. Se deben plantear estrategias de corto y mediano plazo para incentivar a especialistas que migren hacia regiones de alta necesidad.


In April 2021, the Ministry of Health of Chile unveiled a report showing a significant deficit of medical doctors with specialties derived from Internal Medicine. In adult endocrinologists, a deficit of 14 professionals in the public health system is estimated as of 2024, as well as one pediatric endocrinologist and 10 diabetologists; and a waiting list estimated of 23,000 consultations for the specialty by 2020. OBJECTIVES: to quantify the number of specialists in adult and pediatric endocrinology and diabetology, and their geographic distribution. METHODS: A search for all physicians registered under the endocrinology and diabetology specialties was carried out in the Superintendence of Health website; their geographic distribution according to regional and national inhabitants was studied. RESULTS: There are 340 endocrinology and 188 diabetes' specialists at the national level, 1.93 and 1.33 per 100.000 inhabitants, respectively. A 75% of them are registered in the Metropolitan, Valparaíso and Bio Bío areas. In five regions, just one professional is registered; there are no endocrinology or diabetology professionals registered in one region. CONCLUSIONS: our work accounts for an unequal regional distribution of specialists in endocrinology and diabetes in Chile. Short- and medium-term strategies should be proposed to encourage specialists to migrate to regions of high demand.


Subject(s)
Humans , Delivery of Health Care/statistics & numerical data , Endocrinologists/supply & distribution , Chile , Demography
20.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1415754

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Analizar las características demográficas de los pacientes con fracturas articulares de calcáneo en relación con el mecanismo del trauma y los patrones fracturarios según las clasificaciones de Sanders y Essex-Lopresti. materiales y métodos: Se evaluó retrospectivamente a 94 pacientes (111 fracturas articulares de calcáneo). Se analizaron las siguientes variables: edad, sexo, lado fracturado, mecanismo del trauma y lesiones asociadas. Al ingresar, se tomaron radiografías de pie, de frente y perfil, y se realizó una tomografía computarizada con reconstrucción multiplanar. Se analizaron los datos demográficos combinándolos con los tipos de fracturas. Resultados: Se evaluó a 94 pacientes (78 hombres y 16 mujeres) que tenían 105 fracturas intrarticulares de calcáneo (11,7% bilaterales). La edad promedio era de 40.1 ± 12.5 años. El 79,8% de las fracturas se había producido por caída de altura y el 20,1%, por accidente de tránsito. El 9,5% tenía lesiones asociadas. Los pacientes con fracturas bilaterales tenían más lesiones asociadas (p = 0,0123) y el mismo patrón fracturario y tipo de Sanders en ambos pies. No hubo relación entre la clasificación de Sanders y los patrones de Essex-Lopresti con la edad, el sexo y el mecanismo del trauma. Conclusiones: Las fracturas de calcáneo son más frecuentes en hombres y en pacientes jóvenes, y el mecanismo del trauma más común es una caída de altura. Los pacientes con fracturas bilaterales tienen una tasa más alta de lesiones asociadas y el mismo tipo de fractura según la clasificación de Sanders y el patrón fracturario de Essex-Lopresti en ambos pies. Nivel de Evidencia: IV


Objective: To analyze the demographic characteristics of patients with articular calcaneal fractures in connection with trauma mechanisms and fracture patterns, according to the Sanders and Essex-Lopresti classifications. materials and methods: 94 patients and 111 articular calcaneal fractures were evaluated retrospectively, analyzing the following variables: age, gender, fractured side, mechanism of trauma, and associated injuries. The patients were initially evaluated through foot radiographs (anteroposterior and lateral) and axial computerized tomography with multiplanar reconstruction. Demographic data were analyzed combined with the types of fracture. Results: 94 patients (78 men and 16 women) who presented 105 intra-articular calcaneal fractures (11.7% were bilateral) were evaluated. The average age was 40.1±12.5 years. 9.8% of the fractures were caused by high-level falls and 20.1% by traffic accidents. 9.5% had associated injuries. The patients with bilateral fractures presented more associated injuries (p = 0.0123) and the same fracture pattern and Sanders type in both feet. The Sanders classification and Essex Lopresti patterns were unrelated to age, gender, and trauma mechanism. Conclusion: Calcaneal fractures are more frequent in male and young patients, and the most common trauma mechanism is a high-level fall. Patients with bilateral fractures present a higher rate of associated injuries and the same Sanders type fracture and Essex-Lopresti pattern in both feet. Level of Evidence: IV


Subject(s)
Adult , Calcaneus/injuries , Demography , Fractures, Bone , Foot
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