Functional dentition and associated factors: the evaluation of three indicators

Studying the different indicators of functional dentition classification can contribute to the understanding of the associated factors, and thus help in the definition of strategies associated with oral health care. This approach has been little explored in the literature, especially when considering the older age group. Aim:The aim of this study is to evaluate the factors associated with three distinct functional dentition classification. Methods: Cross-sectional exploratory study using secondary data from the Frailty in Older Brazilians (FIBRA) Project of 876 older adults living in Campinas, Brazil. The indicators of dental function assessed was number of natural teeth present, occluding pairs of teeth and the Eichner index, which were verified by trained dentists, following the World Health Organization criteria for epidemiological studies in oral health. The explanatory variable assessed was the self-perception of oral health-related quality of life measured by the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) and its dimensions. It was also collected sociodemographic information such as age, gender, race/ethnicity, schooling, family income, smoking behavior and frailty status. The association was verified through Poisson regressions for number of teeth and pairs of teeth in occlusion and multinomial regression for the Eichner index, adjusted by sociodemographic and health variables. Results: Lower prevalence of participants with less than 21 teeth who negatively perceived GOHAI ́s pain and discomfort dimension and higher prevalence of having less teeth among the ones that negatively perceived GOHAI ́s physical and functional dimensions. No association was found between the perception of quality of life and occlusion pairs of teeth and the Eichner Index. Conclusion: Two out of three indicators assessed were associated with quality of life. Therefore, it is important to select sensitive indicators to be able to identify and better comprehend this relationship

Alteraciones sistémicas asociadas a Hipomineralización Molar Incisivo (HMI). Una revisión de literatura / Alterações sistêmicas associadas à Hipomineralização Molar Incisiva (HMI). Uma revisão da literatura / Systemic alterations associated with Incisor Molar Hypomineralization (HMI). A literature review

El estudio de hipomineralización en molares e incisivos fue descrito por primera vez en el año 1970, posteriormente en 2001 el término Hipomineralización Molar Incisivo (HMI) fue sugerido por la Academia Europea de Odontología Pediátrica (EAPD) para referirse a este como un defecto específico del desarrollo del esmalte; ya para el año 2003 se estandarizaron los criterios de diagnóstico clínico. La HMI es un defecto del esmalte dentario ampliamente estudiado, sin embargo, hasta la fecha los factores de riesgo no son concluyentes, pero se considera de origen sistémico y multifactorial. Las implicaciones sistémicas pueden acontecer en periodos específicos (pre, peri y posnatal) considerados periodos importantes y críticos en el desarrollo de la vida humana. Objetivo: aportar la mejor evidencia científica disponible sobre los factores sistémicos asociados a la Hipomineralización Molar Incisivo. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda sistematizada seleccionando estudios primarios en bases de datos electrónicas: Pub Med, biblioteca Cochrane e Hinari a través de la pregunta PICO. Resultados: 115 estudios fueron identificados a través de la búsqueda electrónica de estos solo 18 fueron elegibles según los criterios de inclusión. Conclusiones: Son múltiples los posibles factores sistémicos asociados con HMI, entre ellos resaltan complicaciones en el embarazo como: fiebres altas, hipertensión arterial, diabetes gestacional, procesos infecciosos, uso frecuente de antibióticos y desnutrición, así como parto prematuro, bajo peso al nacer y las enfermedades respiratorias, fiebre y otitis en los primeros años de vida del niño

O estudo da Hipomineralização nos molares e incisivos foi descrito pela primeira vez no ano de 1970, posteriormente no 2001 o termo Hipomineralização Molar Incisivo (HMI) foi sugerido pela Academia Europeia de Odontopediatria (EAPD) para se referir a este como um defeito específico do desenvolvimento do esmalte, já no ano 2003 se padronizaram os critérios de diagnóstico clínico. A HMI é um defeito do esmalte dentário amplamente estudado, no entanto até hoje os fatores de risco ainda não estão totalmente esclarecidos, mas se considera como de origem sistémico e multifatorial. As implicações sistémicas podem acontecer em períodos específicos (pre, peri e pós natal) que se consideram períodos importantes e críticos no desenvolvimento da vida humana. Objetivo: aportar a melhor evidencia científica disponível sobre os fatores sistémicos associados à Hipomineralização Molar Incisivo. Materiais e métodos: foi realizada uma busqueda sistematizada selecionando estudos primários em bases de dados eletrônicas: Pub Med, biblioteca Cochrane e Hinari a través da pergunta PICO. Resultados: 115 estudos foram identificados a través da busqueda eletrônica dos quais unicamente 18 foram elegíveis segundo os critérios de inclusão. Conclusões: São muitos os possíveis fatores sistémicos associados com HMI entre eles destacam complicações na gravidez como: febres altas, hipertensão arterial

The study of Hypomineralization in molars and incisors was described for the first time in the year 1970. Later in 2001, the term Molar Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH) was suggested by the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry (EAPD) to refer to this as a specific enamel development defect, and in 2003, the clinical diagnostic criteria were standardized. MIH is a widely studied tooth enamel defect; however, to date, the risk factors are not conclusive but, it is considered of systemic and multifactorial origin. The systemic implications can occur in specific periods (pre, peri, and postnatal) considered important and critical periods of the development of human life. Objective: to provide the best available scientific evidence on the systemic factors associated with molar incisor Hypomineralization. Methodology: A systematized search was varied out selecting primary studies in electronic database: Pub Med, Cochrane and Hinari library, through the PICO question. Results: 115 studied were identified through the electronic search. Of these, only 18 were found eligible according to the inclusion criteria. Conclusions: There are multiple possible systemic factors associated with MIH. Among them, certain complications in pregnancy stand out, such as: Hugh fevers, arterial hypertension, gestational diabetes, infectious processes, frequent use of antibiotics and malnutrition, as well as premature delivery, low birth weight, and respiratory diseases, fever and otitis in the first years of the child's life

Mylohyoid muscle revisited: anatomic features with clinical implications in dentistry / Revisión del músculo milohioideo: características anatómica con implicaciones clínicas en odontología

SUMMARY: The mylohyoid muscle, one of the suprahyoid group, forms the floor of the mouth. Its main function is swallowing. It is a margin between the sublingual and the submandibular spaces and is important in the pathway of oral and maxillofacial infection. In prosthodontics, it is one of anatomic landmarks that limits the lingual margin of the mandibular denture. Currently, the muscle receives much interest in the fields of maxillofacial reconstruction and rejuvenation. The hemorrhagic issue around the mandibular lingual region is usually involved with the mylohyoid especially in the dental implant installation. This review covers anatomic features of the mylohyoid muscle with diverse clinical implications.

RESUMEN: El músculo milohioideo es un músculo del grupo suprahioideo que forma el piso de la cavidad oral. Su función principal es la deglución. Es conocido como un límite entre los espacios sublingual y submandibular y es importante en la vía de infección oral y maxilofacial. En la prostodoncia, es uno de los hitos anatómicos que limita el margen lingual de la dentadura mandibular. Actualmente, el músculo recibe mucho interés en los campos de la reconstrucción y el rejuvenecimiento maxilofacial. El problema hemorrágico alrededor de la región lingual mandibular generalmente está relacionado con el músculo milohioideo, especialmente en la instalación de implantes dentales. Esta revisión cubre las características anatómicas del músculo milohioideo con diversas implicaciones clínicas.

Traumatic dental injuries in the primary dentition and sequelae in the permanent dentition: a 7-year retrospective study / Lesões dentárias traumáticas na dentição decídua e sequelas na dentição permanente: um estudo retrospectivo de 7 anos

Objective: Traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) affect the aesthetics and function of primary teeth and can cause sequelae in their permanent successors. This study assessed the distribution of TDIs and sequelae in the primary dentition and the respective permanent dentition in children treated at the Dental Trauma Centre in Brazil. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted by collecting data from 256 dental records over 7 years. Descriptive statistical analyses and the Fisher exact test were used (p=0.05). Results: Sixty-two patients presented with trauma in the deciduous teeth. TDIs were observed mostly in boys (64.50%) and in the 2 to 4-year age group (44.10%); most injuries occurred from fall from the child's own height (40.30%) and at home (71.20%). The most common type of trauma was subluxation (22.90%). The most prevalent clinical and radiographic sequelae were mobility (45.60%) and periapical lesion (31.80%), respectively. Regarding the permanent dentition, the most frequent sequela was hypomineralization (33.30%). Conclusion:According to this study, TDIs in deciduous teeth made up 29.24% of all the cases in the Dental Trauma Program. The major type of trauma in children was subluxation, with sequelae in both dentitions. Follow-up after trauma is important to the maintenance of primary dentition and to prevent and treat possible sequelae in the permanent dentition.(AU)

Objetivo: Lesões dentárias traumáticas (TDIs) afetam a estética e a função dos dentes decíduos e podem causar sequelas em sucessores permanentes. Este estudo avaliou a distribuição das TDIs e sequelas na dentição decídua e sua respectiva dentição permanente em crianças atendidas no Centro de Trauma Odontológico no Brasil. Material e Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal realizado por meio da coleta de dados de 256 prontuários odontológicos ao longo de 7 anos. Foram utilizadas análises estatísticas descritivas e teste exato de Fisher (p <0,05). Resultados:Sessenta e dois pacientes apresentaram trauma na dentição decídua. As TDIs foram observadas principalmente em meninos (64,50%) e na faixa etária de 2 a 4 anos (44,10%); a maioria das lesões ocorreu por queda da própria altura (40,30%) e em casa (71,20%). O tipo de trauma mais comum foi a subluxação (22,90%). As sequelas clínicas e radiográficas mais prevalentes foram mobilidade (45,60%) e lesão periapical (31,80%), respectivamente. Em relação à dentição permanente, a sequela mais frequente foi a hipomineralização (33,30%). Conclusão: De acordo com este estudo, as TDIs em dentes decíduos foram de 29,24% de todos os casos do Programa de Trauma Dental. O principal tipo de trauma em crianças foi a subluxação, com sequelas em ambas as dentições. O acompanhamento após o trauma é importante para a manutenção da dentição decídua e para prevenir e tratar possíveis sequelas na dentição permanente. (AU)

Orden y cronología de brote de dientes temporales / Order and chronology of temporary teeth breaking

El orden y cronología del brote dentario temporal es una expresión del crecimiento del niño e influye en su posterior desarrollo dental y maxilofacial. Tener un conocimiento sobre la edad promedio de brote de cada diente es útil para establecer un diagnóstico, prevención y tratamiento de maloclusiones por lo cual el objetivo de esta investigación es caracterizar el patrón de brote de la dentición temporal en niños y niñas del municipio Cerro, La Habana, Cuba. Para ello se diseñó un estudio observacional descriptivo en 370 niños de ambos sexos entre 0 a 36 meses de edad, el estudio se desarrolló entre septiembre de 2017 a enero de 2020. Se estudiaron las variables: edad, sexo, diente, hemiarcada y cronología del brote dentario. Se realizaron distribuciones de frecuencia a todas las variables en estudio y se presentan los resultados en tablas estadísticas. Se utilizó la prueba t-Student para verificar las diferencias significativas. Los resultados principales obtenidos fueron que los dientes de maxilares brotaron antes que los mandibulares, a excepción de los incisivos centrales y el incisivo lateral inferior izquierdo. A pesar de que el brote dentario comenzó primero en individuos de sexo masculino en ambas arcadas (5,86 meses en el maxilar, ± 0,92; y en la mandíbula 4,92 meses ± 1,09), el período de tiempo de brote fue algo más rápido en el sexo femenino (19,83 meses en el maxilar y 21,64 meses en la mandíbula ) y los masculinos (20,26 meses y 22,16 meses), pero sin diferencias significativas (p<0,05). Se concluye que el patrón de brote fue similar al descrito en la literatura, excepto por discreto adelanto para los incisivos centrales y retraso en segundos molares temporales

The order and chronology of the temporary tooth eruption is an expression of the child's growth and influences his later dental development. Having knowledge about the average age of emergence of each tooth is useful to establish a diagnosis, prevention and treatment of malocclusions, for which the objective of this research is to characterize the pattern of emergence of primary dentition in children in Cerro district, Havana, Cuba. For this, a descriptive observational study was designed in 370 children of both sexes between 0 and 36 months of age, in said clinic during September / 2017 to January / 2020. The variables were studied: age, sex, tooth, hemiarcade and chronology of the dental outbreak. Frequency distributions were made to all the variables under study and the results are presented in statistical tables. The t-Student test was used to verify significant differences. The main results obtained were that the teeth of the maxillary arch erupted before those of the mandibular, except for the central incisors and the lower left lateral incisor. Although the fact that the dental flare began first in males in both arches (5,86 months in the maxilla, ± 0,92; and in the mandible 4,92 months ± 1,09), the time period of outbreak was somewhat faster in females (19,83 months in the maxilla and 21,64 months in the mandible) and males (20,26 months and 22,16 months), but without significant differences (p <0, 05). It is concluded that the eruption pattern was similar to that described in the literature, except for slight advancement for the central incisors and delay in second primary molars

In Vitro Study of Tooth Surfaces After Interproximal Enamel Reduction: Extraoral Scanner and SEM Analysis

ABSTRACT Objective To perform a morphological evaluation concerning the extent of interproximal enamel reduction (IPR) with different manual instruments in different types of teeth and a qualitative analysis of enamel surface characteristics at the contact point before and after IPR. Material and Methods 40 freshly extracted, caries-free, and intact human teeth were used for the study (20 bicuspids and 20 incisors) and performed IPR just on the mesial surface. The morphological variation of contact point was evaluated by superimposed the stl file, obtained thanks to an extraoral scanner, at T0 and T1 for each tooth. Two types of strip were used, Intensiv Manual Ortho Strips Coarse/Medium and Steelcarbo Horico Strips. Teeth were then cut lengthwise, removed the most apical root portion and the mesial and distal halves were gilded and observed at different magnifications. Results The morphological variation following stripping mainly depends on the extent of the stripping, while the diameter, the type of strip and the shape of the tooth itself do not appear to be relevant. The 500X and 1500X magnifications allowed to appreciate better the characteristics of the surface of the stripped enamel and the differences with the intact enamel. All teeth treated, independently from the kind of strip used, shows deep marks and grooves in the direction of stripping. In both cases, the enamel appears significantly damaged at great magnifications. Conclusion Stripping always and inevitably leads to a change in the shape of the contact point and is directly correlated to the amount of stripping performed. The use of polishing after the removal of enamel interproximal is necessary in all cases.

Association between malocclusion, tongue position and speech distortion in mixed-dentition schoolchildren: an epidemiological study

Abstract Background Malocclusions are highly prevalent in childhood and adolescence, being considered a public health problem worldwide, in addition to be considered an important predictor in the tongue position and speech disorders. Objective Evaluate the association of malocclusions with tongue position and speech distortion in mixed-dentition schoolchildren from the south of Brazil. Methodology This cross-sectional study was performed using a database of an epidemiological survey realized in the southern of Brazil, in 2015, for evaluating the dental and myofunctional condition of the mixed-dentition from 7-13 years' schoolchildren. The outcome variables were tongue position and speech distortion, evaluated by a trained and calibrated examiner. Characteristics regarding sociodemographic and oral health measures (Angle's classification of the malocclusion, overjet, overbite, posterior crossbite and respiratory mode) were also assessed. Poisson regression models with adjusted robust variance were used to evaluate the association among predictors variables in the outcomes. Results are presented as prevalence ratio (PR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Results A total of 547 children were evaluated. Schoolchildren who presented anterior open bite (PR 2.36 95%CI 1.59-3.49) and having oral/oral-nasal breathing (RP 2.51 95%CI 1.70-3.71) are more likely to have altered position of the tongue. Both deep bite and being male represent protection factors for the abnormal tongue position. Regarding speech distortion, deep overbite presents a protective relationship to speech distortion (PR 0.41; 95%CI 0.24-0.71), whereas schoolchildren with posterior crossbite were more likely to present this problem (PR 1.77; 95%CI 1.09-2.88). Conclusion Anterior open bite and posterior crossbite were the malocclusions related to speech distortion and/or altered tongue position. Oral/oral-nasal breathing was also related to myofunctional changes. Deep bite malocclusion was a protective factor for both speech problems and altered tongue position when compared to a normal overbite.

Paramolares bilaterales maxilares no erupcionados y su abordaje quirúrgico: reporte de un caso inusua / Paramolares bilaterais superiores não erupcionados e sua abordagem cirúrgica: relato de caso incomun / Non-erupted maxillary bilateral paramolars and their surgical approach: unusual case report

El término dientes supernumerarios se refiere al exceso en el número normal de dientes ya sea en la dentición primaria como en la permanente, pueden presentarse de forma única o múltiple, unilateral o bilateral, tanto en maxilar como en mandíbula. Un paramolar es un molar supernumerario generalmente rudimentario ubicado en posición vestibular o palatino de uno de los molares o en el espacio interproximal al segundo y tercer molar. Su prevalencia es menor al 0,20%, se presentan más en hombres que en mujeres y generalmente se encuentran erupcionados. En el presente artículo se reporta el caso inusual de una paciente femenina con paramolares maxilares bilaterales no erupcionados los cuales fueron removidos quirúrgicamente sin complicaciones

A O termo dentes supranumerário se refere ao excesso no número normal de dentes, seja na dentição decídua ou permanente, podendo ocorrer de forma única ou múltipla, unilateral ou bilateral, tanto na maxila quanto na mandíbula. Um paramolar é um molar supranumerário geralmente rudimentar localizado na posição vestibular ou palatina de um dos molares ou no espaço interproximal do segundo e terceiro molares. Sua prevalência e inferior a 0,20%, ocorrem mais em homens do que em mulheres e geralmente surgem. Neste artigo, relatamos o caso incomum de uma paciente do sexo feminino com paramolares superiores bilaterais não erupcionados, que foram removidos cirurgicamente sem complicações

The term supernumerary teeth refer to the excess in the normal number of teeth, either in the temporary or in the permanent dentition, it can appear in a single or multiple forms, unilateral or bilateral, both in the maxilla and in the mandible. A paramolar is a generally rudimentary supernumerary molar located in the vestibular or palatal position of one of the molars or in the space interproximal to the second and third molars. Prevalence is less than 0,2%, they are more frequent in men than in women and are generally erupted. This article reports the unusual case of a female patient with unerupted bilateral maxillary paramolars which were surgically removed without complications

Prevalencia y hallazgos radiográficos en conejos, cuyos y chinchillas diagnosticados con maloclusión en el Hospital Veterinario de Especialidades en Fauna Silvestre y Etología Clínica de la UNAM, México / Prevalence and radiographic findings in rabbits, guinea pigs and chinchillas diagnosed with malocclusion at the UNAM Exotic Pet and Wildlife Teaching Hospital, Mexico

RESUMEN Los lagomorfos y los histricomorfos, como los cuyos y las chinchillas, comparten características dentales como: dentadura elodonta e hipsodonta. Estas peculiaridades predisponen la presentación de maloclusión debido al consumo de dietas inadecuadas, poco abrasivas. El propósito de este trabajo es identificar la prevalencia de maloclusión en cada una de las especies mencionadas, de acuerdo con su sexo y grupo etario. Además, tiene como objetivo hacer una evaluación objetiva de los estudios radiográficos de los ejemplares, basada en líneas de referencia anatómica, para determinar los principales hallazgos radiográficos según el grado de maloclusión diagnosticado de forma clínica. El 30% de todos los individuos evaluados presentaron problemas de maloclusión, 42,86% de ellos conejos, 16,6% cuyos y 23% chinchillas. No se evidenciaron diferencias significativas en la presentación por sexo. En conejos fue más común el diagnóstico de ejemplares del grupo etario I y II, mientras que en cuyos lo fue en los grupos II y III. El grado I y II fueron los más diagnosticados en conejos y cuyos. En las radiografías las lesiones más comunes fueron el sobrecrecimiento de las raíces maxilares y mandibulares, elongación de incisivos, pérdida de la superficie de oclusión y deformación de las raíces mandibulares. Se propone un método de corrección para las proyecciones radiográficas LL con rotación evidente para mantener la objetividad de la evaluación radiográfica.

ABSTRACT Lagomorphs and histricomorphs, as guinea pigs and chinchillas, have common dental characteristics, such as the elodont and hypsodont teeth. These peculiarities predispose to the presentation of malocclusion due to the consumption of inadequate, non-abrasive diets. The purpose of this work is to identify the prevalence of malocclusion in each case. In addition, it aims to make an objective evaluation of the radiological studies of the specimens, based on anatomical reference lines, to determine the main radiographic findings according to the degree of malocclusion clinically diagnosed. 30% of the individuals evaluated presented malocclusion problems being 42.86% rabbits, 16.6% guinea pigs and 23% chinchillas. There is no evidence of significant differences in the presentation by sex. In rabbits, the diagnosis of the specimens from the group I and II were more common, while in guinea pigs they were II and Ill. Grade I and II were the most diagnosed in rabbits and guinea pigs. In the radiographs, the most common lesions are the overgrowth of the maxillary and mandibular roots, elongation of the incisors, loss of the occlusal surface and deformation of the mandibular roots. A method of correction for LL radiographic projections with evident rotation is proposed to maintain the objectivity of the radiographic evaluation.

Factores relacionados al diagnóstico de enfermería "deterioro de la dentición" en escolares / Factors related to the nursing diagnosis of "tooth decay" in students / Fatores relacionados com o diagnóstico de enfermagem "dentição prejudicada" em escolares

Introducción: El abordaje de la salud bucal es prioridad para la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) y un factor importante para el desempeño de la enfermería en el entorno escolar. Objetivo: Establecer los factores relacionados con el deterioro de la dentición en escolares de 6 a 12 años. Materiales y Método: Estudio descriptivo, prospectivo, de corte transversal. Muestra total de 197 estudiantes de primaria. Muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia, con edad entre 6 y 12 años en dos instituciones públicas de Bucaramanga, durante el año 2016. A partir de la revisión de la literatura se elaboró un cuestionario que se utilizó para la recolección de la información, teniendo en cuenta 18 factores relacionados y 15 características definitorias del diagnóstico de la enfermería mencionado y validado. Resultados: Los factores relacionados con mayor proporción fueron: nivel socioeconómico bajo 74,3% (145), sensibilidad al frío 68,5% (135), higiene oral ineficaz 56,3% (111) y predisposición genética 51% (100). Las características definitorias más frecuentes fueron: mala oclusión, mala alineación dental (98,5%), caries en la corona (70,8%), dientes desgastados, erosión del esmalte, desgaste dental (68,5%), decoloración del esmalte dental (53,8%) y exceso de placa (50,3%). Conclusión: El rol de la enfermería escolar debe identificar los factores relacionados con el diagnóstico que tiene que ver con el "deterioro de la dentición" para orientar las intervenciones en niños escolares, y así mejorar la salud bucal como parte del autocuidado. La evaluación del estado de la salud bucal es un componente prioritario en la valoración de la enfermería en los escolares. Las características definitorias del diagnóstico más frecuentes en la población infantil evaluada, fueron la mala oclusión y la caries.

Introduction: Oral health is a priority for the World Health Organization (WHO) and an important factor for the nursing performance in the school environment. Objective: Establish the factors related to tooth decay in students that are in the age range between 6 to 12 years old. Materials and methods: cross-sectional prospective and descriptive study. The total sample was of 197 students from elementary school between the ages of 6 to 12 years old, applying convenience sampling, in two public institutions in Bucaramanga, during the year of 2016. Parting from the literature review, a validated questionnaire was made for the recollection of information with the 18 related factors and 15 characteristics defining the mentioned nursing diagnosis. Results: The related factors with greater proportion were: low socioeconomic level 74.3% (145), cold sensitivity 68.5% (135), inefficient oral hygiene 56.3% (111) and genetic predisposition 51% (100). The more frequent defining characteristics were; malocclusion of teeth (98.5%), crown cavities (70.8%), wore down teeth and erosion (68.5%), tooth discoloration (53.8%) and plaque excess (50.3%). Conclusion: The role of school nursing must identify the factors related to the diagnosis of "tooth decay" to orientate the intervention in students, which encourage dental health as part of their selfcare. The evaluation of dental health is a priority component in the nursing evaluation for students. The defining characteristics of the diagnosis, more frequent in the school student population, were malocclusion and cavities.

Introdução: A abordagem da saúde bucal é uma prioridade para a Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS) e um fator importante para o desempenho da enfermagem no ambiente escolar. Objetivo: Estabelecer os fatores relacionados à deterioração da dentição em crianças de 6 a 12 anos. Materiais e Métodos: Estudo descritivo, prospectivo, transversal. Amostra total de 197 estudantes primários, amostragem não probabilística por conveniência com idade entre 6 e 12 anos em duas instituições públicas de Bucaramanga, durante 2016. Foi elaborado um questionário para coleta de dados com os 18 fatores relacionados e 15 características definidoras do diagnóstico de enfermagem e da literatura revisada. Resultados: Os fatores relacionados encontrados em maior proporção foram: nível socioeconômico inferior a 74,3% (145), sensibilidade ao frio 68,5% (135), higiene oral ineficaz 56,3% (111) e predisposição genética 51% (100); e as características definidoras mais frequentes foram; má oclusão, mau alinhamento dentário (98,5%); cárie na coroa (70,8%), desgaste dos dentes, erosão do esmalte, desgaste dentário (68,5%), descoloração do esmalte dentário (53,8%) e excesso de placa (50,3%). Conclusão: O papel da escola de enfermagem deve identificar os fatores relacionados ao diagnóstico "deterioração da dentição" para orientar intervenções em escolares que promovam a saúde bucal como parte do autocuidado. A avaliação do estado de saúde bucal é um componente prioritário na avaliação de enfermagem em escolares. As características definidoras do diagnóstico de deterioração de enfermagem da dentição mais freqüentemente encontradas na população infantil avaliada foram a má oclusão e a cárie.

Oral Hygiene and Dentition Status in Patients with Congenital Hemorrhagic Disorders: A Comparative Study

Abstract Objective: To compare the status of oral hygiene and dentition in patients with congenital hemorrhagic disorders with their age-matched healthy counterparts. Also, the prevalence of fear of dentists/ dental treatment among these patients was assessed. Material and Methods: This study was performed on children and adults with von Willebrand disease (vWD), hemophilia (A or B), and healthy subjects. Oral health and dentition status was assessed using the simplified oral hygiene index (OHI-S), plaque index, and the decayed, missing, filled teeth (dmft/DMFT) index. One-way ANOVA test was employed to compare the oral hygiene and dentition status of subjects in the three groups. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The DMFT score did not vary significantly between the groups (p>0.05). Higher OHI-S scores and a poor oral hygiene status was observed more in the hemophilia group than the vWD group and healthy controls. A total of 27.3% of the subjects in the vWD group, 18.2% of subjects in the hemophilia group, and no subjects in the healthy group had a fear of dentists or dental treatment. Conclusion: Subjects with vWD had a higher number of carious teeth when compared to the other groups. Poor oral hygiene status was observed in subjects with hemophilia.

Full mouth rehabilitation of a severely worn dentition using intraoral scanner and the CAD/CAM double scanning technique / 대한치과보철학회지

With the evolution of the computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technology, the intraoral scanners are playing an increasingly important role, as they are the first step towards a completely digital workflow. The CAD/CAM double scanning technique has been used to transfer the information from provisional restorations to definitive restorations. In this case, a 67-year-old male with esthetically compromised anterior teeth, generalized severe attrition of teeth, and reduced vertical dimension was treated with full mouth rehabilitation including a re-establishment of the lost vertical dimension of occlusion assisted by the crown lengthening procedure. The provisional restorations were fabricated using an intraoral scanner and the CAD/CAM double scanning technique. After the period of adaption, the definitive monolithic zirconia restorations were delivered. The CAD/CAM double scanning technique successfully transferred the occlusal and morphological characteristics, obtained from the provisional restorations, to the definitive restorations.

Relación entre mordida cruzada posterior unilateral y hábitos bucales deletéreos en preescolares de un municipio del sudoeste del Bahía / Relação entre mordida cruzada posterior unilateral e hábitos bucais deletérios em pré-escolares de um município do sudoeste da Bahia / Relationship between unilateral posterior crossbite and deleterious oral habits in preschool children from a municipality in southwestern Bahia

Objetivo: El objetivo de esta investigación fue verificar la prevalencia de maloclusión en niños preescolares de un municipio del suroeste de Bahía, evaluando la presencia de mordida cruzada posterior unilateral y su relación con hábitos bucales deletéreos. Materiales y Métodos: La investigación fue realizada en niños matriculados en guarderías públicas y convenidas del municipio de Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brasil; después del cálculo muestral, la muestra incluyó 440 niños con edades de Original3 a 5 años. La presencia de maloclusión fue evaluada clínicamente y un cuestionario para evaluar la relación con los hábitos fue respondido por los representantes. Resultados: Se encontró un porcentaje de 94,28 % de los casos con mordida cruzada posterior unilateral relacionada a hábitos bucales. Conclusiones: Se hace evidente que los hábitos de succión no nutritiva pueden ser un factor etiológico para la mordida cruzada posterior unilateral.

Objetivo: O objetivo da pesquisa foi verificar a prevalência da má oclusão em crianças pré-escolares de um município do sudoeste baiano, enfocando a presença de mordida cruzada posterior unilateral e sua relação com hábitos bucais deletérios. Materiais e métodos: A pesquisa foi realizada em crianças matriculadas em creches públicas e conveniadas do município de Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brasil; após cálculo amostral, a amostra contemplou 440 crianças com idades entre os 3 e os 5 anos. A presença de má oclusão foi avaliada clinicamente e um critério para avaliar a relação com os hábitos foi respondido pelos responsáveis. Resultados: Encontrou-se uma porcentagem de 94,28% dos casos com mordida cruzada posterior unilateral relacionada aos hábitos bucais. Conclusão: Nota-se que os hábitos de sucção não nutritivo podem ser um fator etiológico para a mordida cruzada unilateral posterior.

Objective: The objective of the study was to verify the prevalence of malocclusion in pre-school children in a municipality in southwest Bahia, focusing on the presence of unilateral posterior crossbite and its relation with deleterious oral habits. Materials and methods: The research was carried out in children enrolled in public day care centers and in the city of Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brasil. After sample calculation, the sample consisted of 440 children aged 3 to 5 years. The presence of malocclusion was clinically evaluated and a questionnarie for evaluating the relationship with habits was answered by those represented. Results: We found that 94.28% of the cases with unilateral posterior crossbite were related to oral habits. Conclusions: It was found that nutritional sucking habits may be an etiological factor for posterior unilateral crossbite.

Relationship between dentition, anthropometric measurements, and metabolic syndrome in the elderly / Relação entre dentição, medidas antropométricas e síndrome metabólica em idosos

Abstract Introduction Tooth loss is a health disorder of the elderly population that may lead to masticatory deficiency and nutritional risks, inducing the biochemical changes of metabolic syndrome (MS). Objective To verify the relationship among number of teeth, anthropometric measurements, and MS in a group of elderly people. Material and method The study was developed in Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, and it was divided into three phases. The first phase collected information from the database of all project participants and the second one collected sociodemographic, anthropometric, and biochemical data. The third phase was divided into two other phases: first, oral health interviews were applied to the elderly (281 patients evaluated by telephone and 23 visited at home) and second, 45 patients were randomly selected and invited to validate the data obtained by telephone with oral clinical examinations performed by a trained dental surgeon. The sample consisted of 304 individuals. The data collected were tabulated and analyzed using statistical tests. Result Elderly women with severe tooth loss present a significantly higher risk of developing MS. Thus, the maintenance of natural teeth in the elderly is a protective factor for the syndrome. Conclusion The findings support the hypothesis that the oral health of individuals, expressed by the number of teeth, may compromise and increase the risk of MS in the elderly.

Resumo Introdução A perda dentária é um distúrbio de saúde dos idosos que pode levar à deficiência mastigatória e riscos nutricionais, induzindo alterações bioquímicas da síndrome metabólica (SM). Objetivo Verificar a relação entre número de dentes, medidas antropométricas e SM em um grupo de idosos. Material e método O estudo foi desenvolvido na cidade de Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil, e foi dividido em três fases. A primeira fase coletou informações do banco de dados de todos os participantes do projeto e a segunda coletou dados sociodemográficos, antropométricos e bioquímicos. A terceira fase foi dividida em duas outras fases: primeiro foram aplicadas entrevistas de saúde bucal aos idosos (281 pacientes avaliados por ligações telefônicas e 23 atendidos em domicílio) e, segundo, 45 pacientes foram selecionados aleatoriamente e convidados a validar os dados obtidos por telefone com exames clínicos orais. A amostra foi composta por 304 indivíduos. Os dados coletados foram tabulados e analisados ​​por meio de testes estatísticos. Resultado Mulheres idosas com perda dentária severa apresentam um risco significativamente maior de desenvolver SM. Assim, a manutenção dos dentes naturais nos idosos é um fator protetor para a síndrome. Conclusão Os achados reforçam a hipótese de que a saúde bucal dos indivíduos, expressa pelo número de dentes, pode comprometer e aumentar o risco de SM em idosos.

Antimicrobial activity of mouth rinses against bacteria that initially colonizes dental's surface / Atividade antimicrobiana de enxaguatórios bucais sobre bactérias que iniciam a colonização das superfícies dentais

Abstract Introduction Much advertising in mouthwash is conveyed in all media appealing to the anti-plaque effect and rendering a disservice to the community. Mouth rinses are available over-the-count and differ on their compositions and antimicrobial effectiveness. Objective In this study, we evaluated the antimicrobial activity of 35 widely available mouth rinses against bacterial species involved in initiation of dental biofilm - Streptococcus gordonii, Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus salivarius, and Streptococcus sanguinis. Material and method The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and the Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of the evaluated mouth rinses were determined according to the Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute protocols. Data were submitted to Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney post hoc (α=0.05). Result About 70% of the mouth rinses achieved high antibacterial activity and 30%, a low antibacterial activity against all the species tested. The most ineffective mouth rinse showed antibacterial activity (MIC) at 1:1 dilution, while the most effective showed activity even at 1:2048 dilution, which may imply prolonged effect in the mouth. About 51% of mouth rinses showed bactericidal activity, and it was verified that cetylpyridinium chloride or chlorhexidine digluconate containing in the formulation were associated with the highest activity. Conclusion Most - but not all - mouth rinses commercially available are effective in inhibiting in vitro initial colonizers of dental surfaces.

Resumo Introdução Muita publicidade sobre enxaguatórios bucais é veiculada em todos os meios de comunicação apelando para o efeito anti-placa e prestando um desserviço à comunidade. Grande quantidade de enxaguatórios bucais está disponível no mercado e estes diferem em suas composições e eficácia antimicrobiana. Objetivo Neste estudo, avaliamos a atividade antimicrobiana de 35 enxaguatórios bucais amplamente disponíveis contra espécies bacterianas envolvidas na iniciação do biofilme dental - Streptococcus gordonii, Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus salivarius e Streptococcus sanguinis. Material e método A Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM) e a Concentração Bactericida Mínima (CBM) dos enxaguatórios avaliados foram determinadas de acordo com os protocolos do Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute. Os dados foram submetidos ao teste Kruskal-Wallis e Mann-Whitney post hoc (α=0,05). Resultado Aproximadamente 70% dos enxaguatórios bucais alcançaram alta atividade antibacteriana e 30%, baixa atividade antibacteriana contra todas as espécies testadas. O enxaguatório bucal mais ineficaz mostrou atividade antibacteriana (CIM) na diluição de 1:1, enquanto a mais eficaz mostrou atividade mesmo na diluição de 1:2048, o que pode implicar em efeito prolongado na boca. Cerca de 51% dos enxaguatórios bucais apresentaram atividade bactericida, e verificou-se que formulações contendo cloreto de cetilpiridíneo ou digluconato de clorexidina estavam associados à maior atividade. Conclusão A maior parte - mas não todos - dos enxaguatórios bucais comercialmente disponíveis são eficazes na inibição de colonizadores iniciais de superfícies dentárias in vitro.

O impacto positivo na promoção de saúde bucal em jovens adolescentes / The Positive Impact on Oral Health Promotion in Young Adolescents

Introdução: o conhecimento da importância dos cuidados em saúde bucal é deficiente em âmbito escolar, ressalta-se que jovens capacitados, partilham o aprendizado assumindo papel importante na sociedade. Objetivos: capacitação de estudantes para difusão do conhecimento sobre cuidados em saúde bucal. Os temas de higienização dentária/prótese dentária e/ou implantossuportadadas e manejo após o traumatismo dentário foram abordados em escola pública. Métodos: Inicialmente, houve avaliação do conhecimento prévio dos alunos (n=25) por meio de questionários de saúde bucal, os questionários (GOHAI, higienização oral e de prótese dentária e manejo de traumatismo dentário) foram aplicados na sala de aula com supervisão. Em um próximo momento houve o treinamento dos discentes por palestras e material didático. Finalmente, após 2 meses do ciclo de formação os questionários foram aplicados novamente. Os dados foram tabulados e e análise estatística considerou o valor significativo para p<0,05, a fim de verificar o conhecimento adquirido durante o treinamento de todos os estudantes. Resultados: Identificou se pós-oficina que os jovens estavam mais satisfeitos com a aparência da boca (p<0,05). Nos questionários de higienização de próteses dentárias houve a conscientização do tempo para substituição das mesmas. Para o reimplante dentário, houve significativa percepção dos alunos como possibilidade de terapia real (p=0,016), após a realização das oficinas. Conclusão: com base nos dados, a proposta de promoção em saúde bucal para os adolescentes foi eficiente, e mais eventos (oficinas) com esta finalidade devem ser realizados em escolas de ensino médio.

Introduction: the knowledge of the importance of oral health care is deficient in the school environment, it is emphasized that empowered young people share learning, assuming an important role in society. Objectives: This study aimed to enable the training of students to disseminate knowledge about oral health care. The subjects of dental hygiene / dental prosthesis and / or implant supported and management after dental trauma were addressed in a public school. Methods: Initially, the students' prior knowledge (n = 25) was assessed through oral health questionnaires, the questionnaires (GOHAI, oral and dental hygiene and dental trauma management) were applied in the classroom with supervision. In a next moment there was the training of the students by lectures and didactic material. Finally, after 2 months of the training cycle, the questionnaires were applied again. Data were tabulated and statistical analysis considered the value significant for p students. Results: It was identified after the workshop that young people were more satisfied with the appearance of the mouth (p<0,05).In the dental prosthesis cleaning questionnaires, there was a time awareness for their replacement. For dental replantation, there was significant perception of students as a possibility of real therapy (p = 0.016), after the workshops. Conclusion: Based on the data, the proposal for oral health promotion for adolescents was efficient, and more events (workshops) for this purpose should be held in high schools.

Full-mouth rehabilitation with vertical dimension increase and computer tomography guided implant surgery in patient with excessive worn dentition and multiple loss of tooth / 대한치과보철학회지

Excessive wear causes many complications when untreated, so that accurate diagnosis, analysis and predictive treatment plan should be made, and through evaluation of vertical dimension and stepwise treatment, a stable inter-arch relationship can be set. For the long-term success of implant treatment, ideal position and angle of implant is important, and its importance increases especially in multiple implant cases. Therefore, thorough diagnosis and planning, accurate surgery and prosthodontic procedures are significant. In this case, a 68-year-old male patient with a loss of vertical dimension due to multiple tooth loss and overall tooth wear was planned with systematic analyses from the pre-treatment stage to rehabilitate vertical dimension. Full-mouth fixed rehabilitation with computer tomography guided implant surgery was performed to the newly set vertical dimension and attained satisfactory outcomes both functionally and esthetically.

Relation of head posture and occlusal contact area using photo occlusion analysis

PURPOSE: Previous studies related with occlusal contact area were limited that interocclusal thickness level or the method of measurement has not been accurate in measuring. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relation between head posture and occlusal contact area using photo occlusion analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 54 subjects with complete dentition (44 men, 10 women / 23 to 33 years of age) were included. To identify the relationship between head posture and occlusal contact area, subjects took interocclusal record in maximal intercuspal position with three different positions(supine position (0°) / inclined position (45°) / upright position (90°)) on the dental unit chair. Occlusal contact area was analyzed using photo occlusion analysis. Statistical analyses were performed with SPSS ver.25.0 at 95% confidence interval. RESULTS: Head posture has no significant effect on the changes of occlusal contact area (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: When interocclusal relation is stable, head posture does not change a interocclusal record because head posture has no significant effect on occlusal contact area. Analysis of occlusal contact area using photo occlsion analysis device is useful due to its material property and simplicity.

Characteristics of mandible and mandibular dentition according to vertical facial skeletal features of adolescents / 华西口腔医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#We aim to examine teenagers with varying vertical facial skeletal types with near-normal occlusion. We further aim to identify and study mandibular morphology and dentition characteristics to establish normal ranges and variations for future clinical reference.@*METHODS@#According to the results of the case studies, 42 adolescents with near-normal occlusion were divided into three groups, namely, low- (7 cases), average- (23 cases) and high-angle (12 cases) groups. We used Invivo 5 software for Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) data to calculate the cant of occlusal plane, axis corner of L6, ∠L1/MP, ∠L6/MP, Balkwill angle and Bonwill triangle of each group.@*RESULTS@#Markedly, the finding shows that the cant of occlusal plane and axis corner of L6 in the low-angle group were smaller than those of the other two groups. In the average-angle group, ∠L1/MP was larger than that of the high-angle group. Lastly, in the high-angle group, ∠L6/MP was smaller than those of the two other groups. On the one hand, these differences were considered statistically significant (P0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#In the low-angle group, the parallelisation of the occlusal plane tends to be more obvious compared with the two other groups. In the coronal section of the low-angle group, the axis of the mandibular first molar is up-right, whereas it is distally tilted in the sagittal section of the high-angle group. Furthermore, a number of differences are noted in the adult groups. Factors, such as aging and development in the craniofacial region, lead to changes in functional occlusion.

Development of dental hygiene gum for cats considering their anatomical features of dentition

The purpose of this study was to develop effective dental hygiene chews for cats based on the anatomical features of the dentition and patterns of chewing motion. All cats were volunteered for dental prophylaxis followed by dental impressions using yellow stone and alginate under general anesthesia. Twenty parameters related to dentition were defined in order to compare dental impressions using digital caliper. For the chewing motion study, patterns of chewing motion were identified based on recordings made with a digital camera. Ten cats (4 domestic shorthairs, 2 Russian blues, 1 American shorthair, 1 Persian, 1 Turkish Angora, and 1 Devon Rex) were recruited for the study. The parameters related to teeth and oral size were similar among the studied cats. Chewing motion can be described as more of a guillotine-like motion rather than a crushing motion, with cats chewing 3–7 times before swallowing. The chewing pattern of cats involves shearing for a short period of time followed by immediate swallowing. Therefore, the overall size of the dental hygiene chew could be determined based on the measurement of the oral size for inducing chewing. The surface details of the dental hygiene chew could be designed for prevention and removal of dental calculus and plaque in cats considering the anatomical teeth parameters. Dental hygiene chews customized for cats considering the different anatomical features of their teeth might be effective for oral care.