Ansiedad y depresión en pacientes post-COVID-19 en primer nivel de atención / Anxiety and depression in post-COVID-19 patients at the primary level of health care

Introducción: durante diciembre de 2019 se identificó en Wuhan, China, un nuevo coronavirus, denominado SARS-CoV-2 por el Comité Internacional de Taxonomía de Virus. Después de haber presentado esta enfermedad se han encontrado secuelas como ansiedad y depresión. Objetivo: determinar el nivel de ansiedad y depresión en los pacientes post-COVID-19 en primer nivel de atención. Material y métodos: estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal, unicéntrico, homodémico, prospectivo, prolectivo. Se realizó en una Unidad de Primer Nivel de Atención del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, en el periodo de enero de 2021 a enero de 2022. Se aplicó la Escala de Hamilton para la Ansiedad y el Inventario de Beck para Depresión. Se realizó un análisis estadístico en el programa SPSS 25, los datos se expresaron como media ± desviación estándar o mediana, según la distribución. Las variables cualitativas se expresaron en frecuencias y porcentajes. Resultados: el promedio de edad fue de 27 años; con predominio del sexo femenino (62.4%), presentaron depresión moderada 6%, depresión grave 1.5%, ansiedad leve 20.9% y ansiedad moderada o grave 9.8%. Conclusión: existe una asociación entre el nivel de depresión y ansiedad en los pacientes post-COVID-19, con una p significativa (AU)

Introduction: during December 2019, a new coronavirus, named SARSCoV-2, by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses, was identified in Wuhan, China. After presenting with this disease, sequelae such as anxiety and depression have been found. Objective: determine the level of anxiety and depression in post-COVID-19 patients of the Family Medicine Unit No. 34. Material and methods: observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, unicentric, homodemic, prospective, prolective study. It was conducted in a first level unit of the Mexican Institute of Social Security, in the period from January 2021 to January 2022. The Hamilton Anxiety Scale and the Beck Depression Inventory were applied. Statistical analysis was performed in the SPSS 25 program, data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation or median, according to the distribution. Qualitative variables were expressed as frequencies and percentages. Results: the mean age was 27 years; with a predominance of females (62.4%), 6% presented moderate depression, 1.5% severe depression, 20.9% mild anxiety and 9.8% moderate or severe anxiety. Conclusions: there is an association between the level of depression and anxiety in post-COVID-19 patients, with a significant p (AU)

Comparison of mouse models of depression induced by different modeling methods / 生理学报

The present article was aimed to compare the effectiveness of different induction methods for depression models. Kunming mice were randomly divided into chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) group, corticosterone (CORT) group, and CUMS+CORT (CC) group. The CUMS group received CUMS stimulation for 4 weeks, and the CORT group received subcutaneous injection of 20 mg/kg CORT into the groin every day for 3 weeks. The CC group received both CUMS stimulation and CORT administration. Each group was assigned a control group. After modeling, forced swimming test (FST), tail suspension test (TST) and sucrose preference test (SPT) were used to detect the behavioral changes of mice, and the serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and CORT were detected with ELISA kits. Attenuated total refraction (ATR) spectra of mouse serum were collected and analyzed. HE staining was used to detect morphological changes in mouse brain tissue. The results showed that the weight of model mice from the CUMS and CC groups decreased significantly. There was no significant change in immobility time of model mice from the three groups in FST and TST, while the glucose preference of model mice from the CUMS and CC groups was significantly reduced (P < 0.05). The serum 5-HT levels of model mice from the CORT and CC groups were significantly reduced, while the serum BDNF and CORT levels of model mice from the CUMS, CORT, and CC groups showed no significant changes. Compared with their respective control groups, the three groups showed no significant difference in the one-dimensional spectrum of serum ATR. The difference spectrum analysis results of the first derivative of the spectrogram showed that the CORT group had the greatest difference from its respective control group, followed by the CUMS group. The structures of hippocampus in the model mice from the three groups were all destroyed. These results suggest that both CORT and CC treatments can successfully construct a depression model, and the CORT model is more effective than the CC model. Therefore, CORT induction can be used to establish a depression model in Kunming mice.

Obesity is positively Associated with Depression in Older Adults: Role of Systemic Inflammation / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

OBJECTIVE@#We aimed to explore the association between obesity and depression and the role of systemic inflammation in older adults.@*METHODS@#Adults ≥ 65 years old ( n = 1,973) were interviewed at baseline in 2018 and 1,459 were followed up in 2021. General and abdominal obesity were assessed, and serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were measured at baseline. Depression status was assessed at baseline and at follow-up. Logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between obesity and the incidence of depression and worsening of depressive symptoms, as well as the relationship between obesity and CRP levels. The associations of CRP levels with the geriatric depression scale, as well as with its three dimensions, were investigated using multiple linear regressions.@*RESULTS@#General obesity was associated with worsening depression symptoms and incident depression, with an odds ratio ( OR) [95% confidence interval ( CI)] of 1.53 (1.13-2.12) and 1.80 (1.23-2.63), especially among old male subjects, with OR (95% CI) of 2.12 (1.25-3.58) and 2.24 (1.22-4.11), respectively; however, no significant relationship was observed between abdominal obesity and depression. In addition, general obesity was associated with high levels of CRP, with OR (95% CI) of 2.58 (1.75-3.81), especially in subjects free of depression at baseline, with OR (95% CI) of 3.15 (1.97-5.04), and CRP levels were positively correlated with a score of specific dimension (life satisfaction) of depression, P < 0.05.@*CONCLUSION@#General obesity, rather than abdominal obesity, was associated with worsening depressive symptoms and incident depression, which can be partly explained by the systemic inflammatory response, and the impact of obesity on depression should be taken more seriously in the older male population.

Association between maternal job burnout and adolescent depression: the chain mediating effect of maternal depression and parenting style / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To investigate the association between maternal job burnout and adolescent depression and the mediating effect of maternal depression and parenting style.@*METHODS@#A cross-sectional study was conducted. The cluster random sampling method was used to select 2 572 adolescents from 7 middle schools in Shanghai, China, from April to May, 2021. A survey was performed for these adolescents and their mothers. The research tools included a general information questionnaire, Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, short-form of Egna Minnen av Barndoms Uppfostran, and Children's Depression Inventory. A structural equation model was established, and the Bootstrap method was used to investigate the mediating effect.@*RESULTS@#The detection rate of depressive symptoms was 12.71% (327/2 572) among the adolescents. The scores of maternal job burnout, maternal depression, and negative parenting style were positively correlated with the score of adolescent depression (P<0.05), and the score of positive parenting style was negatively correlated with the score of adolescent depression (P<0.05). Maternal depression and parenting style played a mediating role between maternal job burnout and adolescent depression, including the individual mediating effect of maternal depression, the individual mediating effect of positive parenting style, and the chain mediating effect of maternal depression-negative/positive parenting style.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Maternal job burnout may affect adolescent depression through the mediating effect of depression, parenting style, and depression-parenting style, suggesting that the symptoms of adolescent depression can be reduced by alleviating maternal job burnout, improving maternal depression, increasing positive parenting behaviors, and reducing negative parenting behaviors.

Governor vessel moxibustion combined with western medication for mild to moderate depression with kidney-yang deficiency: a randomized controlled trial / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the therapeutic efficacy of governor vessel moxibustion combined with fluoxetine hydrochloride capsule, simple fluoxetine hydrochloride capsule and placebo moxibustion combined with fluoxetine hydrochloride capsule for mild to moderate depression with kidney-yang deficiency.@*METHODS@#A total of 126 patients with mild to moderate depression with kidney-yang deficiency were randomized into a governor vessel moxibustion group (42 cases, 2 cases dropped off), a western medication group (42 cases, 1 case dropped off) and a placebo moxibustion group (42 cases, 1 case dropped off). The western medication group was given fluoxetine hydrochloride capsule orally, 20 mg a time, once a day. On the basis of the treatment in the western medication group, governor vessel moxibustion was applied from Dazhui (GV 14) to Yaoshu (GV 2) in the governor vessel moxibustion group, once a week; placebo moxibustion was applied in the placebo moxibustion group, once a week. Treatment of 8 weeks was required in the 3 groups. Before and after treatment, the scores of Hamilton depression scale-17 (HAMD-17), Asberg's rating scale for side effects (SERS) and TCM clinical symptom were compared, and the clinical efficacy was evaluated.@*RESULTS@#After treatment, the scores of HAMD-17, SERS and TCM clinical symptom were decreased compared before treatment in the 3 groups (P<0.05), the decrease ranges of above scores in the governor vessel moxibustion group were larger than those in the western medication group and the placebo moxibustion group (P<0.05). The total effective rate was 92.5% (37/40) in the governor vessel moxibustion group, which was higher than 75.6% (31/41) in the western medication group and 80.5% (33/41) in the placebo moxibustion group (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Governor vessel moxibustion combined with fluoxetine hydrochloride capsule can improve the degree of depression and relieve the clinical symptoms in mild to moderate depression patients with kidney-yang deficiency, the efficacy is superior to simple fluoxetine hydrochloride capsule, and can reduce the fluoxetine hydrochloride capsule-induced adverse effect to a certain extent.

Tiaoshen Jieyu acupuncture combined with sertraline hydrochloride tablet for post-stoke depression: a randomized controlled trial / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the clinical efficacy between Tiaoshen Jieyu acupuncture (acupuncture for regulating mind and relieving depression) combined with sertraline hydrochloride tablet and simple sertraline hydrochloride tablet for post-stroke depression (PSD).@*METHODS@#A total of 76 patients with PSD were randomized into an observation group (38 cases, 6 cases dropped off) and a control group (38 cases, 4 cases dropped off). Both groups were treated with conventional treatment i.e. controlling blood pressure and anti-inflammation. Sertraline hydrochloride tablet was given orally in the control group, 20 mg a time, once a day. On the basis of the treatment in the control group, Tiaoshen Jieyu acupuncture was applied at Baihui (GV 20), Yintang (GV 24+), Neiguan (PC 6), Taichong (LR 3), etc. in the observation group, Baihui (GV 20) and Yintang (GV 24+) were connected to electroacupuncture, with disperse-dense wave, 2 Hz/100 Hz in frequency, 30 min a time, once a day, 6 times a week. Treatment of 8 weeks was required in both groups. Before and after treatment, the scores of Hamilton depression scale (HAMD), National Institutes of Health stroke scale (NIHSS), Barthel index (BI) and Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) were observed respectively, the therapeutic efficacy and rate of adverse reactions were evaluated in the two groups.@*RESULTS@#After treatment, the scores of HAMD, NIHSS and PSQI were lower while BI scores were higher than those before treatment in both groups (P<0.05); the scores of HAMD, NIHSS and PSQI in the observation group were lower while BI score was higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). The total effective rate was 93.8% (30/32) in the observation group, which was higher than 70.6% (24/34) in the control group (P<0.05). The rate of adverse reactions was 9.4% (3/32) in the observation group, which was lower than 32.4% (11/34) in the control group (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Tiaoshen Jieyu acupuncture combined with sertraline hydrochloride tablet can improve the depression degree, neurological function, activity of daily living and sleep quality in patients with post-stroke depression, the clinical efficacy is superior to simple sertraline hydrochloride, and can alleviate the adverse reactions caused by medication.

Urban-rural differentials in the relationship between personality traits and changes in depressive symptoms / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#The prevalence of depressive symptoms has become a significant public health issue in China. Research on the relationship between personality traits and changes in depressive symptoms, as well as further exploration of urban-rural differences, not only benefits for the understanding of the prevalence trend of depression in China, but also provides a useful reference for the government to develop personalized mental health prevention strategies.@*METHODS@#Based on the data from the China Family Panel Studies in 2018 and 2020, a univariate analysis was conducted on 16 198 Chinese residents aged 18 years and above. Five dimensions of personality traits were conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism and openness. In the study, 16 198 residents were divided into "keep good group", "better group", "worse group" and "keep bad group" according to the changes in depressive symptoms in 2018 and 2020. After controlling for factors, such as gender and education, multinomial Logistic regression analysis was used to examine whether personality traits were associated with changes in depressive symptoms. In addition, we evaluated whether urban-rural and personality traits interacted to influence depressive symptoms.@*RESULTS@#The five dimensions of personality traits were significantly correlated with changes in depressive symptoms. Conscientiousness, extroversion, and agreeableness were negatively associated with depressive symptoms, while neuroticism and openness were positively related. Urban and rural differences moderated the relationship between personality traits and depressive symptoms. Compared with urban residents, rural residents showed stronger correlations between neuroticism (OR=1.14; 95%CI: 1.00-1.30) and the group of depression-recovery, as well as conscientiousness (OR=0.79;95%CI: 0.68-0.93) and the group of persistent-depression.@*CONCLUSION@#The study finds that personality traits have a significant correlation with changes in depressive symptoms, with certain traits showing a negative or positive relationship. Specifically, higher levels of conscientiousness, extraversion, and agreeableness are associated with lower levels of depressive symptoms, while higher levels of neuroticism and openness are associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms. In addition, the study finds that rural residents have a stronger association between their personality traits and persistent or improved depressive symptoms, which highlights the need for tailoring mental health intervention and prevention programs that should take into account personality traits and urban-rural differences in China. By developing targeted strategies that are sensitive to personality differences and geographic disparities, policymakers and mental health professionals can help prevent and reduce the incidence of depressive symptoms, ultimately improving the overall well-being of Chinese adults. Meanwhile, additional studies in independent populations are needed to corroborate the findings of this study.

¿Estar depresivo o tener depresión? El modelo biomédico y la diferencia entre estado de ánimo y enfermedad / Being Depressed or Having Depression. The biomedical model and the difference between mood and illness

Along with the increase in reported figures of depression in the world's population, organizations such as the WHO have begun to promote screening and pharmacological treatment of mild symptomatic cases. The problem in this context is that the manifestations of 'normal' and 'pathological' depressive mood do not differ much from each other, which creates difficulties at a diagnostic and scientific level. This article explores an approach that could facilitate the clinical and scientific task of differentiating between non-specific affective disturbances (depressive mood) and depression as an illness as such. It is proposed that various causal stressors interact with individual predispositions to trigger a transient change in mood as an adaptive response. In turn, the greater the intensity of the stressors (psychological, social, etc.), the greater the neuroinflammation, which would diminish neuronal plasticity and the possibilities of mood compensation and behavioral change of the subject. The existence of this neurobiological alteration (decreased neuronal plasticity), rather than depressive mood, would help us to categorize depression as a disease.

Síntomas depresivos y grado de resiliencia durante el internado estomatológico en Perú / Depressive symptoms and degree of resilience during stomatological internship in Peru

Introducción: El internado odontológico tiene como principal objetivo permitir al alumno tomar contacto con un ambiente hospitalario. Sin embargo, se reportan algunos problemas que lo desmotivan y sobresaturan. Objetivo: Determinar la relación de la resiliencia y los síntomas depresivos en internos de Odontología. Métodos: Estudio transversal y observacional. La muestra estuvo conformada por 51 estudiantes, que cursaban el internado hospitalario en Lima, Perú (noviembre de 2019). Se utilizó la escala de autoevaluación para la depresión (10 ítems, respuestas Likert con puntuación del 1 a 4) y la escala de resiliencia (14 ítems, respuestas Likert con puntuación del 1 a 7). Las puntuaciones fueron relacionadas a través de la correlación de Spearman; mientras que el Odds ratio se utilizó para estimar la asociación entre la presencia de depresión, la resiliencia alta y el sexo. Resultados: La puntuación promedio de los síntomas depresivos fue de 21,62 ± 2,55, siendo mayor en los varones (22,52 ± 2,27). No se encontró correlación entre las puntuaciones de los síntomas depresivos y la resiliencia (p = 0,082). Los varones presentaron mayor riesgo de síntomas depresivos (OR = 2,143 IC95 por ciento:1,065 - 4,313). No se encontró asociación significativa en la presencia de resiliencia alta y el sexo (p = 0,087). Conclusiones: El 40 por ciento de los internos presentó síntomas depresivos, siendo más frecuente en varones, mientras que un 80 por ciento presentó resiliencia alta, más frecuentes en mujeres. No se encontró correlación entre las puntuaciones de los síntomas depresivos y la resiliencia(AU)

Introduction: The main objective of the dental internship is to allow the student to make contact with a hospital environment. However, some problems are reported that demotivate and oversaturate students. Objective: Determine the relationship between resilience and depressive symptoms in dental interns. Methods: Cross-sectional and observational study. The sample was made up of 51 students, who were in the hospital insternishp in Lima, Peru (November 2019). The self-assessment scale for depression (10 items, Likert responses with a score from 1 to 4) and the resilience scale (14 items, Likert responses with a score from 1 to 7). The scores were related through the Spearman correlation; while the Odds ratio was used to estimate the association between the presence of depression, high resilience and sex. Results: The mean score for depressive symptoms was 21.62 ± 2.55, higher in men (22.52 ± 2.27). No correlation was found between depressive symptom scores and resilience (p = 0.082). Males were at increased risk of depressive symptoms (OR=2.14395 percent CI: 1.065-4.313). No significant association was found in the presence of high resilience and sex (p = 0.087). Conclusions: 40 percent of the interns presented depressive symptoms, being more frequent in men, while 80 percent presented high resilience, more frequent in women. No correlation was found between depressive symptom scores and resilience(AU)

Association between frailty and depression among hemodialysis patients: a cross-sectional study

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Frailty is consensually understood to be a clinical syndrome in which minimal stressors can lead to negative outcomes such as hospitalization, early institutionalization, falls, functional loss and death. Frailty is more prevalent among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), and those on dialysis are the frailest. Depression contributes towards putting patients with CKD into the frailty cycle. OBJECTIVE: To assess frailty and its relationship with depression among patients with CKD undergoing hemodialysis. DESIGN AND SETTING: Observational and quantitative cross-sectional study conducted in a renal therapy unit, located in the interior of the state of São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: This investigation took place in 2019, among 80 patients. The following instruments were applied: a sociodemographic, economic and health condition characterization and the Subjective Frailty Assessment (SFA) and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). RESULTS: Among the patients, there was higher prevalence of females, individuals with a steady partner and retirees, and their mean age was 59.63 (± 15.14) years. There was high prevalence of physical frailty (73.8%) and depression (93.7%). Depression was associated with frailty, such that patients with depression were 9.8 times more likely to be frail than were patients without depression (odds ratio, OR = 9.80; 95% confidence interval, CI, 1.93-49.79). CONCLUSION: Based on the proposed objective and the results achieved, it can be concluded that depression was associated with the presence of frailty among patients with CKD on hemodialysis.

Thumb-tack needles based on "Biaoben acupoint compatibility" for sequela of COVID-19 during recovery period / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the effect of thumb-tack needles based on "Biaoben acupoint compatibility" on sequela symptoms, mental state and pulmonary ventilation function in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) during recovery period.@*METHODS@#Fifty cases of COVID-19 during recovery period were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, 25 cases in each group. The patients in the observation group were treated with thumb-tack needles at Guanyuan (CV 4), Zusanli (ST 36) and Taiyuan (LU 9). The patients in the control group were treated with sham thumb-tack needles at identical acupoints as the observation group. The treatment in the two groups was given once a day, 7-day treatment was taken as a course of treatment, and totally two courses of treatment were given. The TCM symptom score, Hamilton anxiety scale (HAMA) score, Hamilton depression scale (HAMD) score, pulmonary function (forced vital capacity [FVC], forced expiratory volume in the first second [FEV1], peak expiratory flow [PEF]), the severity of pulmonary ventilation dysfunction and pulmonary imaging changes in the two groups were compared before and after treatment.@*RESULTS@#Compared before treatment, the total scores and each item scores of TCM symptom scale, HAMA scores and HAMD scores in the two groups were reduced after treatment (P<0.05). Except for the symptom scores of dry throat and dry stool, the total score and each item score of TCM symptom scale, HAMA score and HAMD score in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). Compared before treatment, FVC, FEV1 and PEF in the two groups were increased after treatment (P<0.05), and those in the observation group were higher than the control group (P<0.05). The severity of pulmonary ventilation dysfunction in the two groups was reduced after treatment (P<0.05), and the severity in the observation group was better than that in the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the lung shadow area in the two groups was decreased (P<0.05), and that in the observation group was smaller than the control group (P<0.05). The improvement of imaging change in the observation group was better than that in the control group (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#The thumb-tack needles based on "Biaoben acupoint compatibility" could significantly reduce the sequela symptoms, anxiety and depression in patients with COVID-19 during recovery stage, and improve the pulmonary ventilation function.

Voluntary wheel running exercise regulates microglia polarization in hippocampus through STAT3 signal pathway to inhibit depression-like behavior induced by chronic stress in rats / 生理学报

This paper was aimed to investigate the effect of voluntary wheel running exercise on depression-like behavior induced by chronic water immersion restraint stress (CWIRS) and the underlying mechanism. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats received CWIRS to induce depression-like behavior and 4-week voluntary wheel running exercise. Meanwhile, the rats were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or STAT3 over-expression vector (pcDNA-STAT3) by intracerebroventricular injection. Behavioral tests were used to detect depression-like behavior. ELISA assay was used to detect levels of various inflammatory factors in the rat hippocampus. Western blot was used to detect protein expression levels of ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba1), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), arginase 1 (Arg1), phosphorylated STAT3 (p-STAT3) and total STAT3 (t-STAT3). The results showed that, compared with stress group, stress + exercise group exhibited improved depression-like behavior, decreased interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-6 levels, increased IL-4 and IL-10 levels, down-regulated Iba-1 and iNOS protein expression levels, up-regulated Arg1 protein expression level, and decreased p-STAT3/t-STAT3 ratio in hippocampal tissue. LPS reversed the improving effect of voluntary wheel running exercise on depression-like behavior in rats, and the over-expression of STAT3 reversed the promoting effects of voluntary wheel running on M2 polarization of microglial cells in rat hippocampus and depression-like behavior. These results suggest that voluntary wheel running ameliorates the depression-like behavior induced by CWIRS in rats, and the mechanism may be related to regulating hippocampal microglia polarization via STAT3 signaling pathway.

Depressão em pessoas sob aprisionamento no sistema carcerário: revisão integrativa / Depression among the incarcerated population: an integrative review / La dépression chez les personnes incarcérées dans le système pénitentiaire: une revue intégrative / Depresión en personas aprisionadas en el sistema penitenciario: revisión integrativa

Resumo Esta revisão integrativa objetivou reunir estudos sobre a depressão em pessoas sob aprisionamento no sistema carcerário. As bases de dados pesquisadas foram PePSIC, PsycINFO, SciELO e Web of Science. As ferramentas de suporte para a extração dos artigos selecionados foram o programa computacional StArt e as recomendações Prisma. Os termos usados na busca eletrônica foram "inmate", "prison", "prisoner", "penitentiary" e "depression". A amostra final foi composta por 10 estudos primários, os quais atenderam aos critérios de inclusão e à questão norteadora da revisão. Dentre os achados, a ocorrência de depressão foi evidente em todos os artigos selecionados, e o Inventário de Depressão de Beck foi o instrumento mais utilizado. Por fim, percebeu-se que a identificação precoce de sintomatologia depressiva pode minimizar prejuízos físicos e mentais na população em encarceramento.

Abstract This integrative review analyzed studies about depression among people imprisoned in the prison system. Bibliographic search was conducted on the PePSIC, PsycINFO, SciELO and Web of Science databases. Papers were selected following the PRISMA recommendations, and then extracted using the StArt software. The search strategy used the terms "inmate," "prison," "prisoner," "penitentiary" and "depression," The final sample included 10 primary studies that met the inclusion criteria and answered the research question. All selected articles indicated the occurrence of depression, assessed by the Beck Depression Inventory. Finally, early identification of depressive symptoms can minimize physical and mental harm in the incarcerated population.

Résumé Cette revue intégrative a analysé les études sur la dépression chez les personnes incarcérées dans le système pénitentiaire. Une recherche bibliographique a été menée sur les bases de données PePSIC, PsycINFO, SciELO et Web of Science. Les articles ont été sélectionnés en suivant les recommendations PRISMA, puis extraits à l'aide du logiciel StArt. La stratégie de recherche utilisait les termes "détenu", "prison", "prisonnier", "pénitencier" et "dépression". L'échantillon final comprenait 10 études primaires répondant aux critères d'inclusion et à la question de recherche. Tous les articles sélectionnés indiquaient la survenue d'une dépression, évaluée par l'inventaire de dépression de Beck. Enfin, l'identification précoce des symptômes dépressifs peut minimiser les dommages physiques et mentaux au sein de la population carcérale.

Resumen Esta revisión integradora tuvo como objetivo reunir estudios sobre la depresión en personas encarceladas en el sistema penitenciario. Las bases de datos buscadas fueron PePSIC, PsycINFO, SciELO y Web of Science. Se utilizaron el programa informático StArt como herramienta de apoyo para la extracción de los artículos seleccionados y las recomendaciones PRISMA. Los términos utilizados en la búsqueda electrónica fueron: "inmate", "prison", "prisoner", "penitentiary" y "depression". La muestra final estaba compuesta por 10 estudios primarios, que cumplían los criterios de inclusión y la pregunta guía de la revisión. Entre los hallazgos, la depresión fue evidente en todos los artículos seleccionados y el Inventario de Depresión de Beck fue el instrumento más utilizado. Finalmente, se percibió que la identificación temprana de la sintomatología depresiva puede minimizar los daños físicos y mentales en la población encarcelada.

Frequency of vitamin d deficiency in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis and its relationship with obesity, depression, and pain intensity: a cross-sectional study / Frequência da deficiência de vitamina D em pacientes com estenose espinhal lombar e sua relação com obesidade, depressão e intensidade da dor: um estudo transversal

ABSTRACT Objective This study was conducted to determine the frequency of vitamin D deficiency in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis and to define the relationship between vitamin D levels and obesity, depression, and pain intensity. Methods This study was conducted with 69 patients (Male = 32, Female = 37) diagnosed with lumbar spinal stenosis. The participants' 25(OH)D levels were measured by radioimmunoassay. In addition, bone metabolic status, including bone mineral density and bone turnover markers, was also evaluated. The Beck Depression Inventory was used to determine the depression statuses of the patients, while the McGill Melzack Pain Questionnaire was administered to measure pain intensity. The results were evaluated at a significance level of p<0.05. Results Vitamin D deficiency (<20 ng/mL) was found in 76.8% of the patients. Binary logistic regression analysis showed a significantly higher frequency of vitamin D deficiency in patients who: 1) had higher body mass indexes (OR 3.197, 95% CI 1.549-6.599); 2) fared higher in Beck's depression score (OR 1.817, 95% CI 1.027-3.217); and 3) were female rather than male (OR 1.700, 95% CI 0.931-3.224) (p<0.05). Conclusion In this study, vitamin D deficiency was prevalent in lumbar spinal stenosis patients. In addition, obese, depressed, and female individuals have higher risks of vitamin D deficiency.

RESUMO Objetivo Este estudo foi realizado para determinar a frequência de deficiência de vitamina D em pacientes com estenose espinhal lombar e para definir a relação entre os níveis de vitamina D e obesidade, depressão e intensidade da dor. Métodos Este estudo foi realizado com 69 pacientes (homens = 32, mulheres = 37) diagnosticados com estenose espinhal lombar. Os níveis de 25(OH)D dos participantes foram medidos por radioimunoensaio. Além disso, o estado metabólico ósseo, incluindo densidade mineral óssea e marcadores de remodelação óssea, também foi avaliado. O Inventário de Depressão de Beck foi usado para determinar os estados de depressão dos pacientes, enquanto o Questionário de Dor McGill Melzack foi aplicado para medir a intensidade da dor. Os resultados foram avaliados a um nível de significância de p<0,05. Resultados A deficiência de vitamina D (<20 ng/mL) foi encontrada em 76,8% dos pacientes. A análise de regressão logística binária mostrou uma frequência significativamente maior de deficiência de vitamina D nos seguintes pacientes: 1) com maior índice de massa corporal (OR 3,197, 95% IC 1,549-6,599); 2) com maior pontuação na escala de depressão de Beck (OR 1,817, 95% IC 1,027-3,217) e 3) do sexo feminino em vez de masculino (OR 1,700, 95% IC 0,931-3,224) (p<0,05). Conclusão Neste estudo, a deficiência de vitamina D foi prevalente em pacientes com estenose espinhal lombar. Além disso, pessoas obesas, deprimidas e mulheres correm maior risco de deficiência de vitamina D.

Burden, family functioning, and psychological health of older caregivers of older adults: a path analysis / Sobrecarga, funcionalidade familiar e saúde psicológica de idosos cuidadores de idosos: uma path analysis

Objectives: To evaluate an explanatory model of direct and indirect associations regarding the psychological health of older caregivers of functionally dependent older adults. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study performed with older caregivers recruited in contexts of outpatient and home care. We collected information on sociodemographic characteristics, duration of caregiving, physical and cognitive function indicators of the older care recipients, perceived burden, family functioning, and psychological health measures (psychological need satisfaction and depressive symptoms). Results: We evaluated 133 caregivers (76% female, 69.5 ± 6.98 years). Variables that were significantly correlated with psychological health were selected to form an association model to be tested by structural equation modeling via path analysis. Depressive symptom variability was best explained by this model. Caregiver burden remained in the model as a mediator of indirect associations between physical function for instrumental activities of daily living and indicators of family functioning and psychological health. Three associative paths between caregiver burden and depressive symptoms were found ­ one of them was direct and the other two were mediated whether by family functioning or by the level of psychological need satisfaction. Conclusion: Depressive symptoms were the psychological health indicator best explained by the model involving instrumental functional demands that generate burden. Clinical consequences suggested by the model indicate interventions aimed at family functioning and opportunities of psychological need satisfaction as strategies for promoting caregivers' psychological health.

Objetivos: Avaliar um modelo de associações diretas e indiretas explicativo de saúde psicológica de idosos cuidadores de outros idosos funcionalmente dependentes. Metodologia: Estudo transversal realizado com idosos cuidadores recrutados em contexto ambulatorial e de atenção domiciliar. Foram levantadas informações sociodemográficas, tempo de exercício do cuidado, indicadores funcionais físicos e cognitivos dos idosos que recebem os cuidados, percepção de sobrecarga, funcionalidade familiar e medidas de saúde psicológica (satisfação de necessidades psicológicas e sintomatologia depressiva). Resultados: Foram avaliados 133 cuidadores (76% feminino, 69,5 ± 6,98 anos). As variáveis correlacionadas significativamente à saúde psicológica foram escolhidas para a composição do modelo de associações testado por análise de equações estruturais via path analysis. A variabilidade em sintomatologia depressiva foi melhor explicada pelo modelo. Sobrecarga permaneceu no modelo como mediadora das associações indiretas entre funcionalidade física para atividades instrumentais da vida diária e os indicadores de funcionalidade familiar e de saúde psicológica. Três caminhos associativos entre sobrecarga e sintomatologia depressiva foram encontrados ­ um direto e dois mediados, ora pela funcionalidade familiar, ora pelo nível de satisfação de necessidades psicológicas. Conclusão: Sintomatologia depressiva foi o indicador de saúde psicológica mais bem explicado pelo modelo que envolve a presença de demandas funcionais instrumentais geradoras de sobrecarga. Desdobramentos clínicos sugeridos pelo modelo apontam para intervenções com alvo em funcionalidade familiar e de oportunidades de satisfação de necessidades psicológicas como estratégias para promover a saúde psicológica do cuidador.

Psychiatric illness, emotional distress, glycemic control and chronic complications in type 1 diabetes subjects

ABSTRACT Objectives: To assess the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) and to compare patients with and without psychiatric disorder. Materials and methods: We made a cross-sectional study including patients with T1D assisted in the outpatient clinics of the Brazilian National Health System. To assess depression and anxiety, we used the PHQ-9 questionnaire and the DSM-5th edition criteria, respectively. B-PAID evaluated the level of emotional distress associated with diabetes; EAT-26, eating disorders; SCI-R, adherence to the proposed clinical treatment. Results: We analyzed 166 patients aged 33 (22-45.2) years, 53.6% female. The prevalence of depression and anxiety was 20.5% and 40.4%, respectively. HbA1c was worse in the depressed (9.0% vs. 8.4%, p = 0.008), in the anxious ones (9.0% vs. 8.3%, p = 0.012) and in the patients with high levels of B-PAID (8.8 % vs. 8.3 %, p = 0.009). There was no difference in the prevalence of complications related to diabetes. Conclusions: The prevalence of psychiatric disorders and emotional distress related to diabetes was high in our population of T1D patients, and depression and high levels of B-PAID were associated with the worse glycemic control.

Trastornos de la salud mental en personas sometidas a cuarentena, estudio transversal durante pandemia por COVID-19 en población chilena / The effects of quarantine on anxiety and emotional symptoms. Results of an online survey

BACKGROUND: Quarantines may exacerbate the presence of emotional symptoms or anxiety. AIM: To explore the relation between time spent in lockdown and development of depressive and anxiety symptoms. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A survey including the GAD anxiety and PHQ-9 depression scores was answered online by 1,488 subjects aged 36 ± 14 years (74% women), invited to participate through social networks. Both scores are validated for the Chilean population. RESULTS: Most responders had a private health insurance system. Sixty seven percent had clinically significant depressive symptoms and 39% had anxiety symptoms. Spending four or more weeks of lockdown (quarantine) was associated with 1.6 times higher risk of developing depressive symptoms and 2.9 times higher risk of developing anxiety symptoms. Difficulties in access to health care increased 3.3 times the risk of developing depression. Suffering a respiratory disease increased 2.39 times the risk of developing anxiety. CONCLUSIONS: There was a direct association between depressive and anxious symptoms, and the time spent of quarantine.

Psychological Problems Experienced by Patients with Bowel Endometriosis Awaiting Surgery / Problemas psicológicos vivenciados por pacientes com endometriose intestinal aguardando cirurgia

Abstract Objective To assess the most common psychological disturbances in women with deep endometriosis and bowel involvement who are waiting surgical treatment and to evaluate what forms of coping are used to solve the problem. Methods This was a cross-sectional observational study of 40 women diagnosed with deep endometriosis and intestinal symptoms. They completed two questionnaires: one for anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale [ HADS]) and the Scale of Mode of Confronting Problems (EMEP, in the Portuguese acronym). Results We found that 77.1% of the patients had anxiety and depression, with anxiety being the most prevalent (87.5% of the patients); 90% of the patients used problem focused and religious introspection as their main modes of confronting problems. Conclusion In the use of the HADS questionary, two psychological aspects were the most present in women with deep endometriosis awaiting surgical treatment: anxiety and depression. The most used forms of coping to solve the problem were problem coping and religious practices.

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar os distúrbios psicológicos mais comuns em mulheres com endometriose profunda e acometimento intestinal que aguardam tratamento cirúrgico e avaliar as formas de enfrentamento que são usadas para resolver o problema. Métodos Estudo observacional transversal com 40 mulheres com diagnóstico de endometriose profunda e acometimento intestinal. As pacientes responderam dois questionários: para ansiedade e depressão (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale [HADS, na sigla em inglês) e outro para enfrentamento dos problemas (EMEP). Resultados Constatamos que 77% das pacientess apresentaram ansiedade e depressão, sendo a ansiedade a mais prevalente (87,5%); 90% das pacientes usaram a forma religiosa e focada no problema como sua principal estratégia de enfrentamento. Conclusão Os aspectos psicológicos mais encontrados em mulheres com endometriose profunda e intestinal que aguardam tratamento cirúrgico são ansiedade e depressão. As formas mais usadas de enfrentamento para resolver o problema foram práticas religiosas e focada no problema.

Dieta y riesgo de enfermedades mentales en adultos peruanos, estudio transversal / Diet and risk of mental illness in Peruvian adults, cross-sectional study

Las enfermedades mentales representan uno de los mayores problemas de salud pública. El consumo de alimentos ricos en antioxidantes como, frutas y verduras puede disminuir los factores de riesgo. Objetivo. Analizar la ingesta dietética y el riesgo de enfermedades mentales en adultos peruanos. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un estudio transversal en 393 adultos peruanos, provenientes de las tres regiones del país (costa, sierra y selva). Los datos sociodemográficos, antropométricos se obtuvieron por auto reporte mediante una ficha de registro y el riesgo de enfermedades mentales se determinó con el Cuestionario de Salud General-12 (GHQ-12). Se analizaron los datos mediante el software estadístico IBM SPSS, versión 26. Se utilizó la prueba Chi-cuadrado, considerando un nivel de significancia del 5 %. Resultados. Los participantes que informaron riesgo y presencia de enfermedades mentales reportaron un consumo inadecuado de frutas, verduras y grasas saludables. El consumo adecuado de cereales integrales, frutas y verduras fue significativamente mayor en las mujeres (p<0,05). Sin embargo, más de la mitad de las mujeres demostró estar en riesgo de enfermedades mentales respecto a los hombres (p<0,001). Conclusiones. La ingesta adecuada de alimentos saludables podría resultar beneficiosa en la reducción de los riesgos de las enfermedades mentales en este grupo de población(AU)

Mental illnesses represent one of the biggest public health problems. Consuming foods rich in antioxidants such as fruits and vegetables can lower risk factors. Objective. To analyze the dietary intake and the risk of mental illnesses in Peruvian adults. Materials and methods. A cross-sectional study was carried out in 393 Peruvian adults, who came from the three regions of the country (coast, mountains and jungle). Sociodemographic and anthropometric data were obtained through a registration form and the risk of mental illnesses was determined using the General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12). The data were analyzed using the statistical software IBM SPSS, version 26. The Chi-square test was used, considering a significance level of 5%. Results. Participants who reported risk and presence of mental illness reported inadequate consumption of fruits, vegetables, and healthy fats. Adequate consumption of whole grains, fruits and vegetables was significantly higher in women (p <0.05). However, more than half of the women proved to be at risk for mental illnesses compared to men (p <0.001). Conclusions. The adequate intake of healthy foods could be beneficial in reducing the risks of mental illness in this population group(AU)q

Prevalence and risk factors for post-traumatic stress, anxiety, and depression in sepsis survivors after ICU discharge

Objective: Sepsis survivors present a wide range of sequelae; few studies have evaluated psychiatric disorders after sepsis. The objective of this study was to define the prevalence of and risk factors for anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in sepsis survivors. Method: Anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress symptoms in severe sepsis and septic shock survivors 24 h and 1 year after intensive care unit (ICU) discharge were assessed using the Beck Anxiety/Depression Inventories and the PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version. Differences in psychiatric symptoms over time and the influence of variables on these symptoms were calculated with marginal models. Results: A total of 33 patients were enrolled in the study. The frequencies of anxiety, depression and PTSD 24 h after ICU discharge were 67%, 49%, and 46%, respectively and, among patients re-evaluated 1 year after ICU discharge, the frequencies were 38%, 50%, and 31%, respectively. Factors associated with PTSD included serum S100B level, age, and Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE) score. Factors associated with depression included patient age and cumulative dose of dobutamine. IQCODE score and cumulative dose of haloperidol in the ICU were associated with anxiety after ICU discharge. Conclusion: Patients who survive sepsis have high levels of psychiatric symptoms. Sepsis and associated treatment-related exposures may have a role in increasing the risk of subsequent depression, anxiety, and PTSD.