ABSTRACT
Ninety days study was conducted in hapas installed in earthen ponds. Fish of an average initial weight (220g) were evenly distributed in triplicate groups within fifteen hapas. Five experimental diets labeled as T1 (25% CP and NRC recommended amino acid level) as control diet, T2 (with 2% low protein and 5% amino acid supplementation), T3 (with 2% low protein and 10% amino acid supplementation), T4 (with 4% low protein and 10% amino acid supplementation) and T5 (with 4% low protein and 20% amino acid supplementation) were prepared. Fish were fed with @3% of their body weight twice a day at 10.00 & 16:00 hour. Significantly higher percent weight gain (420.18 ± 66.84a) and specific growth rate (13499.33±1273.54a) along with improved feed conversion ratio (1.29 ± 0.09b) and hundred percent survivals were recorded during the trial. Furthermore proximate analysis of meat showed significant improvement in the crude protein level (81.77 ± 0.19a) served with diet containing 20% limiting amino acids mixture. Therefore, limiting amino acids can be a source of cost effective feed and use safely in L. rohita diet.
O estudo de 90 dias foi realizado em hapas instalados em tanques de terra. Peixes com peso inicial médio (220 g) foram distribuídos uniformemente em grupos triplicados em 15 hapas. Cinco dietas experimentais rotuladas como T1 (25% de CP e NRC recomendado nível de aminoácidos) como dieta controle, T2 (com 2% de proteína baixa e 5% de suplementação de aminoácidos), T3 (com 2% de proteína baixa e 10% de suplementação de aminoácidos), T4 (com 4% de baixa proteína e 10% de suplementação de aminoácidos) e T5 (com 4% de baixa proteína e 20% de suplementação de aminoácidos) foram preparadas. Os peixes foram alimentados com 3% do seu peso corporal duas vezes por dia às 10h00 e 16h00. Ganho de peso significativamente maior (420,18 ± 66,84a) e taxa de crescimento específico (13499,33 ± 1273,54a) juntamente com taxa de conversão alimentar melhorada (1, 29 ± 0,09b) e sobrevivência de cem por cento foram registrados durante o ensaio. Além disso, a análise aproximada da carne mostrou melhora significativa no nível de proteína bruta (81,77 ± 0,19a) servida com dieta contendo 20% de mistura de aminoácidos limitantes. Portanto, a limitação de aminoácidos pode ser uma fonte de alimentação econômica e usada com segurança na dieta de L. rohita.
Subject(s)
Animals , Cyprinidae/growth & development , Cyprinidae/metabolism , Diet, Protein-Restricted/veterinary , Diet Therapy/veterinaryABSTRACT
A adoção de uma alimentação saudável auxilia no controle e mortalidade por Doenças Crônicas não Transmissíveis (DCNT). Uma alimentação mais saudável pode ser alcançada pela prática de dietas especiais, que podem ser adotadas devido ao diagnóstico de algumas doenças. Conhecer o percentual de quem faz dietas especiais pode ser útil para o monitoramento do cuidado e enfrentamento das DCNT no Brasil. Assim, o presente trabalho objetivou estimar a prevalência do uso de dieta especial na população brasileira segundo tipos de dieta, variáveis sociodemográficas e estado nutricional. Trata-se de um estudo transversal e descritivo utilizando dados do Inquérito Nacional de Alimentação (INA) 2017/2018 (n=46.164 indivíduos com 10 anos ou mais de idade). Os participantes foram questionados se estavam fazendo alguma dieta especial, e para qual finalidade. Foram obtidas as prevalências de prática de dietas de acordo com características sociodemográficas, estado nutricional, uso de sal, açúcar e adoçante de adição, e suplementos nutricionais. Para o cálculo das estimativas, foi utilizado o Software R versão 4.1.0 considerando a complexidade da amostra e os fatores de expansão. Entre a população estudada (n=46.164 indivíduos), 14,3% afirmaram realizar algum tipo de dieta. Quando comparado por sexo, a prevalência foi maior entre as mulheres (17,8%) do que entre os homens (9,6%), sendo a dieta para pressão alta mais prevalente nos homens (3,7%) e a dieta para emagrecer mais prevalente nas mulheres (7,4%). O uso de dietas foi maior entre idosos (homens: 22,4%; mulheres: 31,2%) e obesos (homens: 13,2%; mulheres: 26,0%), para todos os tipos de dietas, e menor entre indivíduos de menor renda (homens: 4,3% vs. 20,4% maior renda; mulheres: 10% vs. 26,1% maior renda) e menor escolaridade (homens: 6,7% vs. 23,6% com maior escolaridade; mulheres: 11,9% vs. 23,9% com maior escolaridade). Os indivíduos que relataram realizar dieta, comparados com os que não relataram, apresentaram menor prevalência de consumo de sal (homens: 12,0% vs. 15,5%; mulheres: 9,6% vs. 12,6%) e açúcar de adição (homens: 53,1% vs. 85,4%; mulheres: 51,1% vs. 81,9%) e maior prevalência de consumo de suplementos nutricionais (homens: 32,2% vs. 13,7%; mulheres: 38,6% vs. 19,2%). O uso de dietas foi maior entre as mulheres, idosos e obesos, e menor entre indivíduos de menor renda e menor escolaridade para todos os tipos de dieta. Embora as DCNTs sejam mais frequentes entre os indivíduos de menor renda e menor escolaridade, o uso de dietas especiais foi menos frequente neste grupo.
The adoption of a healthy diet helps in the control and mortality from Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs). A healthier diet can be achieved by the practice of special diets, which can be adopted due to the diagnosis of some diseases. Knowing the percentage of those on special diets can be useful for monitoring the care and coping with NCDs in Brazil. Thus, the present study aimed to estimate the prevalence of special diet use in the Brazilian population according to types of diet, sociodemographic variables and nutritional status. This is a cross-sectional and descriptive study using data from the National Food Survey (INA) 2017/2018 (n=46,164 individuals aged 10 years and over). Participants were asked if they were on a special diet, and for what purpose. Prevalence of diet practices were obtained according to sociodemographic characteristics, nutritional status, use of salt, sugar and added sweeteners, and nutritional supplements. To calculate the estimates, Software R version 4.1.0 was used, considering the complexity of the sample and the expansion factors. Among the population studied (n=46,164 individuals), 14.3% stated that they were on some type of diet. When compared by sex, the prevalence was higher among women (17.8%) than among men (9.6%), with the diet for high blood pressure being more prevalent in men (3.7%) and the diet for weight loss more prevalent in women (7.4%). Diet use was higher among the elderly (men: 22.4%; women: 31.2%) and obese (men: 13.2%; women: 26.0%), for all types of diets, and lower among individuals with lower income (men: 4.3% vs. 20.4% higher income; women: 10% vs. 26.1% higher income) and less educated (men: 6.7% vs. 23.6% with higher education; women: 11.9% vs. 23.9% with higher education). Individuals who reported dieting, compared with those who did not, had a lower prevalence of salt consumption (men: 12.0% vs. 15.5%; women: 9.6% vs. 12.6%) and sugar addiction (men: 53.1% vs. 85.4%; women: 51.1% vs. 81.9%) and a higher prevalence of consumption of nutritional supplements (men: 32.2% vs. 13.7% ; women: 38.6% vs. 19.2%). The use of diets was higher among women, elderly and obese, and lower among individuals with lower income and lower education for all types of diet. Although CNCDs are more frequent among individuals with lower income and lower education, the use of special diets was less frequent in this group.
Subject(s)
Nutrition Surveys , Nutritional Status , Feeding Behavior , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies , Diet Therapy , FoodABSTRACT
Background@#Vitamin B12 is a contributing factor in pruritus and peripheral nerve regeneration. Its role in atopic dermatitis (AD) is still unclear. This study aimed to compare vitamin B12 level between AD patients and healthy controls, determine its correlation with pruritus and AD severity, and evaluate dietary pattern with energy, macro and micronutrient intakes.@*Methods@#This was a case control study involving adult AD patients and age-, gender-, ethnicity- and body mass index-matched healthy controls. All adult patients who fulfilled UK Working Party AD diagnostic criteria were included. Exclusion criteria include patients on systemic agents, diseases known to affect B12 level and vegan diet. AD severity was determined using SCORing Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) index. Serum vitamin B12 level were measured. A three-day 24-hour dietary recall was collected and analyzed.@*Results@#A total of 42 AD patients and 42 controls were recruited. Mean SCORAD index was 39.2±16.6, and AD duration was 12.7 ± 8.1 years. Vitamin B12 was lower among AD (215.6 ± 110.2 pmol/L) versus control (295.1± 119.9 pmol/L), p<0.01 despite similar dietary B12 intake in both groups. There were no significant correlations between AD duration and severity with vitamin B12 level. Energy intake (kcal/ day) was significantly lower in AD (p=0.04). There were no significant differences in proportion of main food groups consumed and other macronutrient and micronutrient intakes.@*Conclusion@#Serum vitamin B12 level was significantly lower in AD patients despite similar dietary pattern and nutrient intake with healthy controls. There were no correlations with AD severity or disease duration. Dietary pattern of AD patients should be routinely assessed to ensure adequate nutrition.
Subject(s)
Adult , Vitamin B 12 , Diet TherapySubject(s)
Humans , Female , Gynecologic Surgical Procedures/methods , Enhanced Recovery After Surgery/standards , Perioperative Medicine/methods , Perioperative Medicine/standards , Pain, Postoperative/prevention & control , Postoperative Complications/prevention & control , Body Temperature Regulation , Drainage/standards , Fasting , Practice Guideline , Evidence-Based Medicine/methods , Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting/prevention & control , Dehydration/prevention & control , Diet Therapy , Ileal Diseases/prevention & control , Anesthesia/standardsABSTRACT
Introducción: El etiquetado nutricional es una herramienta gráfica para notificar al consumidor sobre las propiedades nutricionales de un alimento lo que facilita su selección. El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la influencia del etiquetado nutricional y los factores socioeconómicos, culturales, demográficos, publicitarios en la selección de alimentos en un grupo de padres de niños entre 5-11 años en dos unidades educativas públicas y privadas de Quito. Métodos: Con diseño mixto, cuantitativo- transversal y cualitativa interpretativa se analizó una muestra de opiniones de 240 padres en las Unidades Educativas (UE) Nueva Aurora (Privada) y 235 padres en la UE Julio María Matovelle (Pública) de Quito. Se realizaron tres grupos focales, grabados y transcriptos de forma textual y se aplicó un cuestionario. El paquete esta-dístico usado fue SPSS v24.0. Resultados: Hubo mayor consumo de alimentos procesados en la UE Privada n=79/240 (32.9%). Selección por fácil preparación (39.2% UE Privada y 46.4% UE Pública). El 54.2 % y 57 % de los padres ven publicidad en la televisión. El conocimiento del etiquetado fue superior en la UE privada (94.9%; n=223). Asociación entre edad [OR: 2.3; IC 95%: 1.08-5.04] instrucción [OR: 3.95; IC 95%: 2.12-7.37], exposición a la publicidad [OR: 0.62; IC 95%: 0.36-1.05] y conocimientos (P<0.05). La actitud se asoció con el nivel de instrucción [OR: 2.57; IC 95%: 1.62-4.09] e ingresos (P<0.05). Análisis cualitativo: grado de conocimiento y publicidad elevados, con un impacto importante en la selección de los alimentos. Conclusiones: El conocimiento sobre el etiquetado nutricional fue elevado; pero no fue el principal factor para seleccionar alimentos. El tiempo de preparación y el sabor fueron más importantes que las especificaciones nutricionales
Introduction: Nutrition labeling is a graphic tool to notify consumers about the nutritional properties of a food, which facilitates their selection. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of nutri-tional labeling and socioeconomic, cultural, demographic, and advertising factors on food selection in a group of parents of children between 5-11 years old in two public and private educational units in Quito. Methods: With a mixed, quantitative-transversal and qualitative interpretative design, a sample of opin-ions of 240 parents in the Educational Units (EU) Nueva Aurora (Fiscal) and 235 parents in the EU Julio María Matovelle (Private) of Quito was analyzed. Three focus groups were carried out, recorded and transcribed textually, and a questionnaire was administered. The statistical package used was SPSS v24.0. Results: There was a higher consumption of processed foods in the private EU n = 79/240 (32.9%). Selection for easy preparation (39.2% Private EU and 46.4% Public EU). 54.2% and 57% of parents see advertising on television. Knowledge of labeling was higher in the private EU (94.9%; n = 223). Association between age [OR: 2.3; 95% CI: 1.08-5.04] instruction [OR: 3.95; 95% CI: 2.12-7.37], exposure to advertising [OR: 0.62; 95% CI: 0.36-1.05] and knowledge (P <0.05). Attitude was associated with educational level [OR: 2.57; 95% CI: 1.62-4.09] and admissions (P <0.05). Qualitative analysis: high degree of knowledge and publicity, with a significant impact on food selection. Conclusions: Knowledge about nutritional labeling was high, but it was not the main factor in selecting food. Prep time and flavor were more important than nutritional specifications.
Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Food and Nutrition Education , Diet Therapy , Child Nutrition Sciences , Food Publicity , Nutritional Sciences , Diet, Food, and Nutrition , Nutritive ValueABSTRACT
Introdução: O nascimento de um filho com deficiência pode alterar rotinas e influenciar no processo de adaptação dos pais, por se caracterizar como um acontecimento não esperado. Ainda pode produzir nos progenitores sentimentos semelhantes aos vivenciados em um processo de luto. Objetivo: Analisar a relação entre a adaptação parental à filha com cegueira congênita e disfagia, relacionadas à prematuridade extrema, e seu possível impacto no processo de adesão às orientações terapêuticas sobre a alimentação da criança. Método: Trata-se de um estudo de caso de cunho qualitativo. Foi realizada uma análise da adaptação parental à deficiência, e avaliações fonoaudiológicas da linguagem e da disfagia. Resultados: A avaliação fonoaudiológica evidenciou disfagia para líquidos finos e ausência de alterações de linguagem. A restrição alimentar tornou-se evidente a partir da dificuldade parental em aceitar e seguir as orientações quanto à consistência alimentar. A análise dos dados de adaptação parental à deficiência da filha sugere que essa dificuldade esteve relacionada à aceitação da cegueira e da disfagia. A emergência de restrição alimentar esteve relacionada às dificuldades na aceitação das orientações fonoaudiológicas por parte dos pais, considerando a disfagia para líquidos finos. Essas dificuldades encontram um correlato na análise da adaptação parental do pai e da mãe. Conclusão: Evidencia-se a importância do acompanhamento por uma equipe interdisciplinar.
Introduction: The birth of a child with a disability can change routines and influence the parents' adaptation process, as it is characterized as an unexpected event. It can still produce similar feelings in parents as those experienced in a grieving process. Objective: To analyze the relationship between parental adaptation to the daughter with congenital blindness and dysphagia, related to extreme prematurity, and its possible impact on the process of adherence to therapeutic guidelines on child nutrition. Method: This is a qualitative case study. An analysis of parental adaptation to disability as well as language therapy assessments of language and dysphagia were performed. Results: The speech therapy evaluation showed dysphagia for fine liquids and absence of language disorders. Dietary restriction became evident from the parental difficulty in accepting and following the guidelines regarding food consistency. The analysis of the parental adaptation data to the daughter's disability suggests that this difficulty was related to the acceptance of blindness and dysphagia. The emergence of food restriction was related to the difficulties in parents' acceptance of speech therapy guidelines, considering dysphagia for thin liquids. These difficulties find a correlate in the analysis of the father and mother's parental adaptation. Conclusion: The importance of monitoring by an interdisciplinary team is evident.
Introducción: El nacimiento de un niño con discapacidad puede cambiar las rutinas y estilos de vida de los padres, ya que se caracteriza por ser un evento inesperado. Todavía puede producir sentimientos similares en los padres a los que experimentaron en un proceso de duelo. Objetivo: Analizar la relación entre la adaptación de los padres a la hija con ceguera congénita y disfagia, relacionada con la prematuridad extrema, y ââsu posible impacto en el proceso de adherencia a las guías terapéuticas en nutrición infantil. Método: Este es un estudio de caso cualitativo. Se realizó un análisis de la adaptación de los padres a la discapacidad y la evaluación del habla y el lenguaje de la disfagia. Resultados: La evaluación de logopedia mostró disfagia por líquidos finos y ausencia de trastornos del lenguaje. La restricción dietética se hizo evidente por la dificultad de los padres para aceptar y seguir las pautas con respecto a la consistencia de los alimentos. El análisis de los datos de adaptación de los padres a la discapacidad de la hija sugiere que esta dificultad estaba relacionada con la aceptación de la ceguera y la disfagia. La aparición de la restricción alimentaria se relacionó con las dificultades en la aceptación por parte de los padres de las pautas de logopedia, considerando la disfagia por líquidos diluidos. Estas dificultades encuentran correlación en el análisis de la adaptación parental del padre y la madre. Conclusión: Es evidente la importancia del seguimiento por parte de un equipo interdisciplinario.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Infant, Newborn , Child, Preschool , Adaptation, Psychological , Deglutition Disorders , Blindness/congenital , Diet Therapy , Parents/education , Parents/psychology , Patient Care Team , Infant, Premature , Qualitative Research , Child Nutrition/educationABSTRACT
El término escorbuto procede de una palabra del antiguo escandinavo, scorbruck, que significa "hinchazones ulceradas". Es una entidad infrecuente en pediatría, causada por deficiencia nutricional exógena de ácido ascórbico. Los seres humanos, a diferencia de otros seres vivos, no pueden sintetizar la vitamina C y, en consecuencia, dependen estrictamente de su aporte exógeno. El escorbuto puede simular varios desórdenes reumatológicos. Aunque es poco común, puede presentarse como pseudovasculitis o artritis crónica. Para el diagnóstico en pacientes que presentan síntomas músculo esqueléticos se requiere un alto índice de sospecha. Se reporta el caso de un paciente masculino de 9 años que desarrolló la enfermedad por un hábito alimentario selectivo de larga evolución, sin ingesta de frutas ni verduras. El objetivo del presente reporte es alertar al pediatra acerca del desarrollo de escorbuto como potencial consecuencia de las dietas restrictivas, y la importancia de realizar una anamnesis alimentaria completa ante la sospecha diagnóstica
The term scurvy comes from a word from the old Scandinavian, scorbruck, which means ulcerated swellings. Scurvy is an infrequent entity in pediatrics caused by exogenous nutritional deficiency of ascorbic acid. Human beings, unlike other living beings, can not synthesize vitamin C and, consequently, they depend strictly on their exogenous contribution. Scurvy can simulate several rheumatological disorders. Although it is uncommon, it can present as pseudovasculitis or chronic arthritis. A high index of suspicion is required to diagnose patients with musculoskeletal symptoms. We report a case of a 9-year-old male patient who developed the disease due to a long-term selective eating habit, without fruits or vegetables intake. The objective of this report is to alert the pediatrician about the development of scurvy as a potential consequence of restrictive diets, and the importance of performing a complete dietary history to suspect diagnosis
Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Ascorbic Acid , Scurvy , Diet TherapyABSTRACT
RESUMEN Introducción: el desempeño laboral en algunos puestos de trabajo, determina un alto nivel de carga física por parte de los trabajadores, por lo que se impone la necesidad de disponer de una adecuada dieta alimentaria para mantener la salud física y mental. Objetivo: se desarrolló una investigación para diseñar una dieta alimentaria para soldadores y paileros a partir del gasto energético en actividades laborales. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio de campo que partió de una muestra no probabilística de soldadores y paileros de la Empresa Industrial Ferroviaria José Valdés Reyes. Se ejecutó un procedimiento que permitió la determinación de la dieta alimentaria de los trabajadores a partir del gasto energético de las actividades que desarrollan. Se aplicaron ciertas técnicas de observación directa, entrevistas, tormenta de ideas, medición directa de variables fisiológicas y ecuaciones para el cálculo del gasto energético. Resultados: se diseñaron tres variantes de dietas ajustadas al gasto energético de tres puestos de trabajo de la mencionada empresa. Conclusiones: se espera que la aplicación de las dietas diseñadas contribuya a mantener una buena salud de los trabajadores de esos puestos de trabajo (AU).
ABSTRACT Introduction: the working performance of certain jobs determines a high level of physical load from the part of the workers, for what the necessity is imposed of having an appropriate food diet to preserve the physical and mental health. Objective: to design a food diet for welders and smiths starting from the energy expense in working activities. Materials and methods: a field study was carried out starting from a probabilistic sample of welders and smiths from the Industrial Railroad Enterprise Jose Valdes Reyes. A procedure was performed allowing to determine the energy expenditure of the activities they develop. Several techniques like direct observation, interviews, brain storm, direct measure of physiological variable and equations were used to calculate the energy expenditure. Results: three diet variants were designed adjusted to the energy expenditure of the three working places of the before mentioned enterprise. Conclusions: it is expected the application of the designed diets will contribute to keeping good health of the workers in those working places (AU).
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Diet Therapy/methods , Diet, Food, and Nutrition , Occupational Groups/classification , Energy Consumption/methods , Motor Activity/physiology , Occupational Health Services/methods , Occupational Health Services/trendsABSTRACT
Introdução: No decorrer do século XIX surgiram as primeiras informações a respeito das substâncias químicas contidas nos alimentos. A partir dessas descobertas, a higiene alimentar como meio terapêutico estabeleceu critérios para a prescrição de azote (nitrogênio) e carbone (carbono), bem como recomendações alimentares nos diferentes ciclos de vida e estados de convalescença. Objetivos: Este trabalhou buscou analisar como e para que fins eram prescritos alguns alimentos cuja composição química era caracterizada pela presença do azote (nitrogênio) e carbone (carbono). Método: Foram utilizados como fonte de pesquisa os cadernos de visitas (prontuários) de embarcações encontrados no Arquivo Histórico da Marinha Portuguesa, os tratados médicos do período e publicações referentes à história da ciência e nutrição. Resultados e discussão: Nos cadernos de visitas consultados (anos 1859 e1863), as refeições à base de alimentos de origem animal (ricos em azote), como os caldos de carne e de galinha, foram as mais prescritas aos doentes, pois se pautavam nos princípios da dieta fibrinosa, que promovia a reparação tecidual e crescimento da matéria orgânica. Considerações finais: Ao longo dos dois últimos séculos, muitas teorias a respeito da função dos alimentos se modificaram, mas parte significativa de seus pressupostos foram constituídos no decorrer do século XIX.
Introduction: During the 19th century, emerged the first information about the chemical substances contained in food. From these discoveries, food hygiene as a therapeutic mean established criteria for the prescription of nitrogen (nitrogen) and carbon (carbon), as well as dietary recommendations in the different life cycles and convalescent states. Objectives: This work sought to analyze how and for what purposes some foods whose chemical composition was characterized by the presence of nitrogen (nitrogen) and carbon (carbon)were prescribed . Methodology: The visiting notebooks (medical records) of vessels found in the Historical Archive of the Portuguese Navy, medical treaties of the period and publications referring to the history of science and nutrition were used as a research source. Results and discussion: In the consulted notebooks (years 1859 and 1863), meals based on animal foods (rich in nitrogen), such as meat and chicken broths, were the most prescribed to patients, as they were based on principles of the fibrinous diet, which promoted tissue repair and growth of organic matter. Final considerations: Over the past two centuries, many theories about the function of food have changed, but a significant part of their assumptions were made during the 19th century.
Subject(s)
Diet Therapy , Nutritional Sciences , Food/history , Food Hygiene , Recommended Dietary AllowancesABSTRACT
RESUMEN La enfermedad de Crohn y Colitis Ulcerosa corresponden a Enfermedades Inflamatorias Intestinales (EII). En la actualidad aún no se ha establecido la cura de estas enfermedades; sin embargo, se han desarrollado diversas terapias dirigidas a disminuir la inflamación de la mucosa (5 aminosalicílicos) y a disminuir la respuesta del sistema inmune (ejemplo: inmunomoduladores y tratamientos biológicos). Otro pilar de manejo de los pacientes con EII es la nutrición, esta es fundamental en el tratamiento por su capacidad de disminuir síntomas gastrointestinales. La alimentación tiene un impacto en la microbiota intestinal (MI), al asociarse la dieta occidental a un cambio en la biodiversidad de la microbiota. En este sentido, la MI podría tener un rol en la patogenia de la enfermedad, al existir una disminución de la biodiversidad y un aumento de bacterias que podrían favorecer la inflamación y generar una disminución en la producción de ácidos grasos de cadena corta. En EII, los hábitos alimentarios tienden a ser restrictivos y el estado nutricional se caracteriza por desnutrición, pérdida de masa muscular, sarcopenia, déficit de vitamina D y hierro. Por ello en periodos de remisión no se debe restringir la alimentación. En periodos de crisis, las dietas de exclusión de alimentos disminuyen los síntomas y, nutrientes específicos como las antocianinas y ácidos grasos w-3 podrían tener un efecto en la inflamación.
ABSTRACT Crohn's disease and Ulcerative Colitis correspond to Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD). At present, its cure is not known, however nutrition is a fundamental pillar in treatment due to its ability to reduce gastrointestinal symptoms. Food has an impact on intestinal microbiota (IM), as the Western Diet is associated with a change in microbiota biodiversity. In this sense, IM could have a role in the pathogenesis of the disease, since there is a decrease in biodiversity and an increase in bacteria that could favor inflammation and generate a decrease in the production of short-chain fatty acids. In IBD, eating habits tend to be restrictive and nutritional status is characterized by malnutrition, loss of muscle mass, sarcopenia, and vitamin D and iron deficiency. Therefore, during periods of remission, feeding should not be restricted. In periods of crisis, exclusion diets decrease specific symptoms and nutrients such as anthocyanins and w-3 fatty acids could have an effect on inflammation.
Subject(s)
Humans , Inflammatory Bowel Diseases , Microbiota , Diet, Food, and Nutrition , Colitis, Ulcerative , Crohn Disease , Diet Therapy , AnthocyaninsABSTRACT
Los padres que deciden cambiar la dieta habitual de sus hijos por otra más restrictiva deben conocer los riesgos y las ventajas de la alimentación escogida y recibir información que les ayude a ofrecerles una alimentación suficiente. Las dietas vegetarianas pueden realizarse siempre que sean planificadas por especialistas con la inclusión de una amplia variedad de alimentos vegetales y fortificados, y con el suplemento adecuado indicado en cada etapa.El objetivo de este documento es dar a conocer la postura del Comité de Nutrición de la Sociedad Argentina de Pediatría y brindar a los profesionales de la salud información adecuada que permita responder a las inquietudes de los padres y los pacientes que deciden escoger una dieta vegetariana como modalidad de alimentación. Se identifican los desafíos para tener en cuenta y se destaca que, sin dichas consideraciones y un seguimiento adecuado, estas dietas no pueden realizarse de manera segura en la infancia
Parents who decide to change the usual diet of their children for a more restrictive one should know the risks and advantages of the chosen diet and receive information that helps them to offer their children a sufficient diet. Vegetarian diets can be adopted as long as they are planned by specialists with the inclusion of a wide variety of plant foods and fortified foods with the appropriate supplementation indicated at each stage. The objective of this document is to present the position of the Nutrition Committee of the Argentine Society of Pediatrics and to provide health professionals with adequate information to respond to the concerns of parents and patients who decide to choose a vegetarian diet as a modality of feeding. The challenges to be taken into account are identified, highlighting that without these considerations and proper monitoring these diets cannot be carried out safely in childhood
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Diet, Vegetarian , Pediatrics , Nutrients/administration & dosage , Child Development , Risk , Adolescent Development , Diet TherapyABSTRACT
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different nutritional plans on the productive, physiological and metabolic parameters of F1 ½ Holstein x ½ Zebu cows in different stages of lactation. Sixty lactating cows were allotted to a completely randomized 5 x 3 factorial design with five feed allowances and three lactation periods. The dry matter intake, milk yield and heart rate were reduced by 5.69kg, 2.41kg and 10.36 beats/min (morning) and 10.25 beats/min (afternoon) for each 1% feed restriction, respectively. There was no difference in the concentration of glucose, total protein, albumin, cholesterol and non-esterified fatty acids for cows subjected to different feed allowances, with means of 95.25, 7.98, 2.95, 121.68 and 0.45mg/dL, respectively. Feed restriction of up to 2.50% BW is a cost reduction strategy that does not alter milk yield, regardless of the stage of lactation.(AU)
Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos de diferentes planos nutricionais sobre as características produtivas, fisiológicas e metabólicas de vacas F1 ½ Holandês x ½ Zebu. Foram utilizadas 60 vacas em lactação, seguindo-se o delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 5 x 3, com cinco níveis de oferta de dieta e três períodos de lactação. À medida que se aumentou 1% na restrição da oferta da dieta, houve redução linear de 5,69kg no consumo de matéria seca pelos animais, 2,41kg na produção de leite, bem como de 10,36bat/min (manhã) e 10,25 bat/min (tarde) na frequência cardíaca dos animais. Não houve diferença para a concentração de glicose, proteínas totais, albumina, colesterol e NEFA com a restrição na oferta da dieta dos animais, sendo a média de 95,25, 7,98, 2,95, 121,68 e 0,45mg/dL, respectivamente. Recomenda-se a restrição de até 2,50% de peso corporal como estratégia de redução dos custos em todos os estágios em lactação, visando não alterar, economicamente, a produção de leite.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Cattle , Lactation , Cholesterol/analysis , Diet Therapy/veterinary , Glucose/analysis , Fatty Acids, Nonesterified , Respiratory RateABSTRACT
La endometriosis es una de las patologías ginecológicas benignas más frecuente, ocurre en un 7-10% de las mujeres en edad reproductiva y es causal de dolores crónicos e infertilidad. Se trata de una población joven y sana por lo demás. La sospecha diagnóstica de esta entidad debe ser alta y su manejo multidisciplinario.La endometriosis colorrectal representa una variable altamente incapacitante y es aquí donde se plantea la necesidad de un tratamiento más agresivo para su resolución. Frente a esto nos preguntamos, ¿qué rol tiene la cirugía?, ¿cuáles serían sus ventajas y desventajas?, ¿por qué deberíamos elegirla como método terapéutico?.La presente monografía fue inspirada en todas las pacientes que nos plantearon esta controversia. Que motivaron interconsultas, ateneos, búsqueda de bibliografía. Que generaron discusiones, dudas e incertidumbres y nos hicieron salir del rol de cirujanos al que estamos habituados y nos enseñaron a acompañar, cuando no pudimos curar
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Digestive System Surgical Procedures/methods , Endometriosis/surgery , Intestinal Diseases/surgery , Patient Care Team , Diagnostic Imaging , Treatment Outcome , Laparoscopy/methods , Diet Therapy , Endometriosis/diagnosis , Endometriosis/drug therapy , Hormone Antagonists/therapeutic use , Intestinal Diseases/diagnosis , Intestinal Diseases/drug therapyABSTRACT
Los pacientes con insuficiencia renal crónica se realizan hemodiálisis 3 veces a la semana. Una de las principales situaciones que se da, es la ganancia de peso o sobrecarga hídrica entre una diálisis y otra, ocasionando una serie de complicaciones que ponen en riesgo la vida del paciente. Objetivo: Determinar los factores que incrementan el peso interdialisis de pacientes sometidos a hemodiálisis. Método: El diseño de la investigación que se empleó fue cuantitativo, de tipo no experimental, transversal y descriptivo. La muestra estuvo representada por 14 pacientes adultos con enfermedad renal crónica. El análisis de los resultados se realizó a través del programa de IBM SPSS Statistcs versión 22. Resultados: A pesar de que el centro de diálisis tiene un programa de educación continua con temas de alimentación orientada hacia los pacientes, estos no siguen las recomendaciones ingiriendo líquidos a libre demanda provocando sobre peso al realizarse las hemodiálisis generalmente ocasionando dificultad en su tratamiento de hemodiálisis Conclusión: Los conocimientos de autocuidado que posee cada paciente, que presenta una enfermedad crónica como la insuficiencia renal, son esenciales porque pueden evitar las repetidas hospitalizaciones(AU)
Patients with chronic renal failure are performed hemodialysis 3 times a week. One of the main situations that occurs is the weight gain or water overload between one dialysis and another, causing a series of complications that put the patient's life at risk. Objective: To determine the factors that increase the interdialisis weight of patients undergoing hemodialysis. Method: The research design was quantitative, non-experimental, transversal and descriptive. And14 adult patients with chronic kidney disease represented the sample. The analysis of the results was carried out through the IBM SPSS Statistcs version 22 program. Even though the dialysis center has a continuous education program with patient-oriented feeding issues, they do not follow the recommendations, and ingest liquids on free demand, causing overweight at hemodialysis usually causing difficulty in hemodialysis treatment. Conclusion: The self-care knowledge that each patient has, which represents a chronic disease such as kidney failure, are essential because can avoid repeated hospitalizations(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Renal Dialysis , Diet Therapy , Renal Insufficiency/complications , Kidney Diseases , Self Care , Urinary Retention , OverweightABSTRACT
O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar, por meio de uma revisão da literatura, evidências da utilização de dietas com restrição de carboidratos no manejo do diabetes mellitus (DM). As buscas eletrônicas e manuais foram até abril de 2019, e incluíram trabalhos publicados a partir de 2008. Foram excluídos estudos de pesquisas in vitro e em animais, revisões de literatura, livros, monografias, dissertações, teses, estudos de caso e relatos de caso. Os artigos remanescentes foram submetidos à análise de sua qualidade metodológica pela Escala JADAD cinco pontos. Um total de 19 estudos randomizados e com qualidade média de três pontos foram selecionados e analisados quanto aos tipos de dieta utilizadas, adesão, tipo de DM, tempo de intervenção, consumo reportado de carboidratos e resultados observados para os grupos controle e intervenção. Dentre os parâmetros escolhidos para mensurar os possíveis efeitos das dietas, destacaram-se alteração de peso e IMC, Hb1Ac, variabilidade ou controle glicêmico, perfil lipídico e alteração nas doses de insulina ou medicação utilizadas. Em quatro estudos não foram observadas vantagens significativas de uma dieta restrita em carboidratos, e 15 trabalhos relataram melhoras em um ou mais parâmetros. Tais resultados podem representar uma grande vantagem na adoção desta estratégia alimentar no manejo do DM e na prevenção de complicações da doença. Contudo, existem limitações nos estudos, que precisam ter suas hipóteses verificadas no longo prazo, e pesquisas adicionais devem ser realizadas para configurar uma estratégia oficial no controle do DM. (AU)
This study aimed to evaluate, through a literature review, evidence of the use of diets with carbohydrate restriction in the management of diabetes mellitus (DM). Electronic and manual searches were conducted until April 2019, including works published from 2008 onwards. Studies on in vitro and animal research, literature reviews, books, monographs, dissertations, theses, case studies and case reports were excluded. The remaining articles were submitted to analysis of their methodological quality by the five-point JADAD Scale. Nineteen randomized studies with an average quality of three points were selected and analyzed regarding the types of diet used, adherence, type of DM, time of intervention, reported consumption of carbohydrates and results observed for the control and intervention group. Among the parameters chosen to measure the possible effects of diets, weight and BMI changes, Hb1Ac, variability or glycemic control, lipid profile and changes in insulin doses or medication used stood out. In four studies, no significant advantages were observed from a carbohydraterestricted diet, and 15 studies reported improvements in one or more parameters. Such results can represent a great advantage in adopting this dietary strategy in the management of DM and in preventing complications of the disease. However, there are limitations in the studies, which need to have their hypotheses verified in the long term, and additional research must be carried out to configure an official strategy in the control of DM. (AU)
Subject(s)
Carbohydrates , Diabetes Mellitus , Diet, High-Protein Low-Carbohydrate , Dietary Carbohydrates , Diet, Fat-Restricted , Diet Therapy , Diet, Carbohydrate-RestrictedABSTRACT
Objetivo: Identificar as evidências científicas acerca das condutas para o manejo da anorexia em cuidados paliativos. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa, cujo levantamento bibliográfico dos dados deu-se através da pesquisa em quatro bases de dados/bibliotecas virtuais. Incluíram-se artigos em português, inglês e espanhol, publicados nos últimos dez anos e com o texto completo disponível. Resultados: Foram elegíveis 25 artigos, e foram atribuídos dois eixos temáticos para melhor ilustrar os dados encontrados: o manejo farmacológico e o não-farmacológico. Corticosteroides, progestinas, anamorelina e dronabinol foram os fármacos mais pesquisados para o controle da anorexia, com maiores evidências de eficácia nos 3 primeiros. No contexto não-farmacológico, o aconselhamento nutricional foi a medida mais indicada, incluindo a fortificação de alimentos e uso de suplementos e a nutrição artificial mais controversa. Conclusão: Os achados desta revisão podem colaborar para a elaboração de protocolos para o manejo da anorexia em cuidados paliativos
Objective: The study's main goal has been to identify scientific evidence on the management of anorexia in palliative care. Methods: This is an integrative review, whose data collection occurred by researching four databases/virtual libraries. Articles in Portuguese, English, and Spanish, published over the last ten years and with the full text available, were included. Results: 25 articles were selected, and two thematic axes were assigned to better illustrate the data found: pharmacological and non-pharmacological management. Corticosteroids, progestins, anamorelin, and dronabinol were the most-researched drugs for the control of anorexia, with greater evidence of effectiveness for the first three. In the non-pharmacological treatment, nutritional counseling was the most recommended measure, including the fortification of foods and the use of supplements and the more-controversial artificial nutrition. Conclusion: The findings of this review may aid in the development of protocols for the treatment of anorexia in palliative care
Objetivo: El propósito principal del estudio ha sido identificar evidencia científica sobre el manejo de la anorexia en los cuidados paliativos. Métodos: Esta es una revisión integradora, cuya investigación bibliográfica de datos ocurrió mediante búsqueda en cuatro bases de datos/bibliotecas virtuales. Se incluyeron artículos en portugués, inglés y español, publicados en los últimos diez años y con texto completo disponible. Resultados: Fueron elegibles 25 artículos, siendo atribuidos dos ejes temáticos para ilustrar mejor los datos encontrados: el manejo farmacológico y el no farmacológico. Corticosteroides, progestinas, anamorelina y dronabinol han sido los fármacos más buscados para el control de la anorexia, con mayores evidencias de eficacia en los 3 primeros. En el contexto no farmacológico, el asesoramiento nutricional fue la medida más indicada, incluyendo la fortificación de alimentos y uso de suplementos y la nutrición artificial más controversia. Conclusión: Los hallados de esta revisión pueden colaborar para la elaboración de protocolos para el manejo de la anorexia en cuidados paliativos
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Palliative Care , Anorexia/drug therapy , Diet TherapyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Although dietary management is strongly recommended in patients with hypertension, little is known about how many manage their diet and follow the guidelines for hypertension. We investigated the prevalence of dietary management among adults with known hypertension and evaluated their compliance to the dietary guidelines.METHODS: Data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013–2016 were used. Among 15,870 adults aged 30–79 years, 4,162 reported a physician-diagnosed hypertension. Diet management behavior was defined by self-report response. Actual dietary intake was assessed by a 24-hour dietary recall. Dietary quality was evaluated using the Korean Healthy Eating Index (KHEI).RESULTS: Among adults with hypertension, 28.0% reported that they were managing their diet. Those with hypertension consumed significantly less dietary sodium (p value<0.01), but also less potassium (p value<0.01), resulting in no difference of sodium-to-potassium ratio compared to those without hypertension (p value=0.66). Among those with hypertension, diet-managing adults had better KHEI score (66.9, p value<0.01) and consumed less sodium (3,354.3 mg, p value<0.01) than not-managing adults (63.6 score and 3,554.5 mg, respectively). However, total KHEI score was rather lower in those with hypertension (p value<0.01) than those without hypertension and their sodium intake was still over the recommended amount.CONCLUSIONS: More than two-thirds of Korean adults with hypertension did not manage their diet in daily life. More effective strategies are needed to increase the level of compliance with dietary recommendations for people with high blood pressure.
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Compliance , Diet Therapy , Diet , Eating , Hypertension , Korea , Nutrition Policy , Nutrition Surveys , Potassium , Prevalence , Self Care , Sodium , Sodium, DietaryABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objectives: To review the literature on oral and enteral nutrition therapy and investigate the evidence of its efficacy as a treatment, as well as in preventing relapses and reducing symptoms of inflammatory bowel diseases in the pediatric population. Data source: We performed a bibliographic search in the PubMed, Web of Science, and Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde - Lilacs) databases, using the keywords "inflammatory bowel disease," "diet," and "diet therapy" in English and Portuguese, with filters for pediatric studies published in the previous five years. Data summary: We selected 16 articles for this study, nine on exclusive and/or partial enteral nutrition and seven on modified oral diets, such as the specific carbohydrate diet (SCD) and the Crohn's Disease exclusion diet (CDED). The studies found evaluated the anthropometric profile of patients and the inflammatory profile of diseases in children before and after the introduction of each specific nutrition therapy. All interventions presented positive changes in these parameters; however, the results were inconclusive regarding the efficacy of SCD and CDED in the treatment and prevention of relapses. Conclusions: Exclusive enteral nutrition has proven to be effective in inducing remission of Crohn's Disease, and the use of partial enteral nutrition for maintenance treatment has shown promising results. Other modified oral diets are inconclusive concerning their effectiveness, requiring further randomized controlled clinical trials.
RESUMO Objetivos: Revisar a literatura quanto à terapia nutricional oral e enteral e verificar evidências de sua eficácia tanto para tratamento quanto para prevenção de recidivas e redução de sintomas das doenças inflamatórias intestinais em pediatria. Fonte de dados: Foi realizada pesquisa bibliográfica nas bases de dados PubMed, Web of Science e Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (Lilacs) utilizando os seguintes descritores em inglês: inflammatory bowel disease, diet e diet therapy; e os seguintes descritores em português: doenças inflamatórias intestinais e dietoterapia, com os filtros de estudo em Pediatria e no máximo cinco anos de publicação. Síntese dos dados: Foram selecionados 16 artigos para este estudo, sendo nove sobre o uso de nutrição enteral exclusiva e/ou parcial e sete sobre modificações da dieta oral, como a dieta específica de carboidratos (SCD) e a dieta de exclusão na Doença de Crohn (CDED). Os estudos encontrados avaliaram o perfil antropométrico dos pacientes e o perfil inflamatório das doenças em crianças antes e depois da introdução de cada terapia nutricional específica. Em todas as intervenções, foram observadas mudanças positivas nesses parâmetros, entretanto os resultados mostraram-se inconclusivos em relação à eficácia da SCD e da CDED no tratamento e na prevenção de recidivas. Conclusões: A nutrição enteral exclusiva mostrou-se uma terapia eficaz para a indução da remissão na Doença de Crohn, e o uso da nutrição enteral parcial para tratamento de manutenção vem exibindo resultados promissores. As demais modificações de dietas orais são inconclusivas a respeito de sua eficácia, sendo necessários mais ensaios clínicos randomizados e controlados.
Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Colitis, Ulcerative/therapy , Crohn Disease/therapy , Enteral Nutrition/methods , Diet Therapy/methods , Severity of Illness Index , Treatment Outcome , Disease ProgressionABSTRACT
PURPOSE: This study evaluated the effects of nutrition management application in a mobile device on obesity management of patients with breast cancer.METHODS: Fifty subjects, who were breast cancer survivors, aged 30 years and older, participated in an obesity management program for four weeks. They were divided randomly into two groups: a control group (n = 25) and a treatment group (n = 25). The treatment group was provided an application for nutrition management and diet consultant, while the control group maintained their ordinary life without any nutrition management.RESULTS: The weight of the treatment group decreased by 0.8 kg, but the change was not significant. In contrast, the waist-hip ratio of the treatment group decreased significantly from 0.75 to 0.71 (p = 0.012). The Nutrition Quotients of the treatment group increased significantly from 61.3 to 69.6 points (p < 0.001), whereas that of the control group decreased significantly from 61.5 to 59.0 (p = 0.002).CONCLUSION: This mobile nutrition management application for breast cancer patients is effective in managing obesity and dietary habits. These results can be used as basic information to prepare an obesity management program for breast cancer patients.
Subject(s)
Humans , Breast Neoplasms , Breast , Consultants , Diet , Diet Therapy , Feeding Behavior , Mobile Applications , Obesity , Survivors , Waist-Hip RatioABSTRACT