Hemangioma hepático gigante: presentación de caso clínico / Giant hepatic hemangioma: case report

Los hemangiomas hepáticos se consideran las lesiones benignas hepáticas más comunes. Se de-nominan hemangiomas gigantes cuando su diámetro supera los 5 cm. La etiología es poco clara y su mayor prevalencia se ubica en mujeres de mediana edad. A continuación, se presenta el caso de una paciente de 73 años con dispepsia tipo distrés postprandial. La paciente acudió a consulta donde se documentó una masa heterogénea en segmentos hepáticos VI y VII con componente exofítico, realce periférico y llenado centrípeto en fases tardías. Recibió manejo sintomático con buena respuesta clínica y continúa en seguimiento. La presentación de este caso clínico obedece a que el hemangioma hepático es diagnosticado, por lo general, de forma incidental por imágenes abdominales realizadas desde un enfoque distinto en el paciente, y por las numerosas consultas al servicio de salud por síntomas diferentes a los directamente relacionados con el hemangioma hepá-tico. Adicionalmente, puede generar complicaciones asociadas al efecto de masa, y su prevalencia dentro de las lesiones hepáticas benignas es considerable

Hepatic hemangiomas are the most common benign tumors of the liver. They are called giant he-mangiomas when their diameter exceeds 5 cm. The pathophysiology is unclear, and middle-aged women have the highest prevalence. The case of a 73-year-old woman with dyspepsia postprandial distress syndrome is presented. The patient had a heterogeneous mass in the liver segments VI and VII with an exophytic component, peripheral enhancement, and centripetal filling in late phases. The patient received symptomatic treatment with adequate clinical response and continues in observa-tion. The presentation of this clinical report is due to the fact that hepatic hemangioma is generally diagnosed incidentally by abdominal imaging performed from a different approach, and to the numerous visits to the health service due to symptoms other than those directly related to hepatic hemangioma. Additionally, it can involve mass-related complications, and the prevalence within benign liver lesions is substantial.

High prevalence of functional dyspepsia in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a cross-sectional study

Abstract BACKGROUND: Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms are frequent complaints from individuals with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Dyspepsia is a universal clinical symptom and is among the most common GI complaints observed in the general population, but its prevalence in the population with NAFLD has not been previously investigated. OBJECTIVE: To compare the prevalence of functional dyspepsia (FD) between patients with NAFLD and controls without liver disease. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study at the Outpatient Liver Clinic, University Hospital, Belo Horizonte, Brazil. METHODS: We included 96 NAFLD patients and 105 controls without liver disease. All participants were assessed for GI symptoms in accordance with the Rome III criteria. Evaluation methods included a questionnaire for FD (validated in Brazil), laboratory tests and upper GI endoscopy. RESULTS: Mean age and sex were similar between the groups. The NAFLD group presented higher frequency of proton-pump inhibitor usage (31.3% vs 4.8%; P < 0.001) and prevalence of FD (25.0% versus 12.4%; P = 0.021). The symptom frequencies were as follows: postprandial distress, 22.9% versus 11.4% (P = 0.030); postprandial fullness, 18.8% versus 10.5% (P = 0.095); early satiation, 8.3% versus 5.7% (P = 0.466); and epigastric pain or burning, 18.8% versus 5.7% (P = 0.004), in NAFLD patients and controls, respectively. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that female sex (odds ratio, OR 6.97; 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.51-32.12; P = 0.013) and NAFLD diagnosis (OR 2.45; 95% CI: 1.14-5.27; P = 0.021) were independently associated with FD occurrence. CONCLUSION: FD occurs more frequently in individuals with NAFLD than in controls without hepatic disease.

Histopathological pattern of endoscopic gastric biopsies in dyspeptic patients in a Nigerian population

Background and Objective: Dyspepsia is one of the most common complaints encountered in the general outpatient and gastroenterology clinics in Nigeria. Histopathological assessment of endoscopic gastric mucosa biopsy is crucial to delineate the exact cause of dyspepsia to guide patients' management. This study aimed to determine and document the histopathological basis of dyspepsia among dyspeptic patients at our facility. Material sand Methods: This was a three year descriptive retrospective study and the materials consisted of all gastric endoscopic biopsies taken from clinically diagnosed dyspeptic patients sent to the Department of Histopathology of the Federal Medical Centre, Owerri, Nigeria. Results: The biopsies were from 64 (53.2%) male patients and 56 (46.8%) female patients, giving a male to female ratio of 1.14:1. The age range of the patients was 28-82 years with a mean of 56 years at presentation. Helicobacter Pylori (H. Pylori) bacilli were identified in the samples of 42 (35%) patients but absent in samples of 78 (65%) patients. The histopathological pattern of the aetiological basis of dyspepsia in this study consisted of gastritis (96, 80%), functional (17, 14.2%), adenocarcinoma (4, 3.3%) and polyps (3, 2.5%). H. Pylori bacilli were seen only in patients with gastritis (42/96, 43.8%), and it affected 19 (45.2%) male patients and 23 (54.8%) female patients. Chronic active H. Pylori associated gastritis (24, 25%) was the most common form of gastritis seen during the study period. Conclusion: The main organic cause of dyspepsia in our setting was chronic gastric followed in the distant by gastric adenocarcinoma and polyp. Dyspepsia and H. Pylori associated gastritis did not show a significant gender predilection

Association between functional dyspepsia and serum levels of brain-gut peptides in children / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To study the association between functional dyspepsia (FD) and serum levels of brain-gut peptides including calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), nesfatin-1, and ghrelin in children.@*METHODS@#A total of 38 children with FD who attended Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University from November 2019 to December 2020 were enrolled as the FD group. Thirty-four healthy children were enrolled as the control group. Serum samples were collected from all of the children. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure serum levels of CGRP, ghrelin, and nesfatin-1 for comparison between the two groups. The scores of clinical symptoms were determined for the children with FD. Spearman rank correlation analysis was used to investigate the correlation of symptom scores with the serum levels of brain-gut peptides.@*RESULTS@#The FD group had significantly higher serum levels of nesfatin-1 and CGRP than the control group (P<0.05), while there was no significant difference in the serum level of ghrelin between the two groups (P>0.05). The serum level of nesfatin-1 was positively correlated with the symptom score of early satiety (rs=0.553, P<0.001), but was not significantly correlated with the total score of FD (rs=0.191, P=0.250). The serum level of CGRP was positively correlated with the scores of abdominal pain (rs=0.479, P=0.002) and belching (rs=0.619, P<0.001) and the total score of FD (rs=0.541, P<0.001).@*CONCLUSIONS@#CGRP and nesfatin-1 may play an important role in the pathophysiological process of FD.

Effect of electroacupuncture at "Zusanli" (ST 36) on duodenal mast cells, NGF and NTRK1 in rats with functional dyspepsia / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) at "Zusanli" (ST 36) on duodenal mast cells, nerve growth factor (NGF) and neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor type 1 (NTRK1), and to explore the mechanism of electroacupuncture at Zusanli (ST 36) on functional dyspepsia (FD).@*METHODS@#Sixty SPF-grade 10-day-old SD rats were randomly divided into a normal group, a model group, a ketotifen group and an EA group, 15 rats in each group. The FD model was prepared by iodoacetamide combined with rat tail clamping method in the model group, the ketotifen group and the EA group. The rats in the ketotifen group were injected intraperitoneally with ketotifen (1 mg•kg-1•d-1) for 7 days; the rats in the EA group were treated with EA at bilateral "Zusanli" (ST 36), with disperse-dense wave, frequency of 2 Hz/50 Hz and intensity of 0.5 mA, 20 min each time, once a day for 14 days. The gastric emptying rate and small intestinal propulsion rate in each group were observed; the morphology of duodenal mucosa was observed by HE staining; the toluidine blue staining was used to observe the number and degranulation of mast cells in duodenal mucosa; the protein and mRNA expressions of NGF, NTRK1 in duodenum were detected by Western blot and real-time PCR; the level of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in duodenum was measured by ELISA.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the normal group, the gastric emptying rate and small intestinal propulsion rate in the model group were decreased (P<0.01); compared with the model group, the gastric emptying rate and small intestinal propulsion rate in the ketotifen group and the EA group were increased (P<0.01); the small intestinal propulsion rate in the EA group was higher than that in the ketotifen group (P<0.01). In the model group, local defects in duodenal mucosa were observed with a small amount of inflammatory cell infiltration; no obvious abnormality was found in duodenal mucosa of the other groups. Compared with the normal group, the mast cells of duodenal mucosa in the model group were increased significantly with significant degranulation; compared with the model group, the mast cells of duodenal mucosa in the ketotifen group and the EA group were decreased significantly, and the degranulation was not obvious. Compared with the normal group, the protein and mRNA expressions of NGF, NTRK1 as well as the level of IL-1β in duodenum in the model group were increased (P<0.01); compared with the model group, the protein and mRNA expressions of NGF, NTRK1 as well as the levels of IL-1β in duodenum in the ketotifen group and the EA group were decreased (P<0.01, P<0.05); compared with the ketotifen group, the mRNA expression of NGF, as well as the protein and mRNA expressions of NTRK1 in duodenum in the EA group were decreased (P<0.05, P<0.01).@*CONCLUSION@#EA at "Zusanli" (ST 36) could inhibit the activation of duodenal mast cells and regulate the expressions of NGF and its receptor to improve the low-grade inflammatory response of duodenum, resulting in treatment effect on FD.

Caracterización clínico-histopatológica de la gastritis crónica / Clinical-histopathological characterization of chronic gastritis

La gastritis es una enfermedad con una alta morbilidad a nivel mundial, el principal factor de riesgo es la infección por Helicobacter pylori. Objetivo: Describir las características clínicas, histopatológica y endoscópicas en una población con gastritis crónica. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional de tipo descriptivo, retrospectivo, se incluyeron 49 pacientes que acudieron a la consulta externa del área de gastroenterología, de 18 a 65 años, a quienes se realizó el estudio histopatológico y endoscópico en el Servicio de Gastroenterología en el Hospital General Quevedo, de Los Ríos-Ecuador, durante septiembre 2017 ­ septiembre 2018. Resultados: Se observó predominio del género masculino (65%); en mayores de 40 años (55%), la epigastralgía y la sensación de acidez estomacal, 39% y 35% respectivamente, fueron los síntomas más frecuentes, La positividad para Helicobacter pylori, alcanzó el 86%, y la lesión no erosiva un 73%, existió mayor presencia de la forma no atrófica (84%) sobre la atrófica. Conclusiones: La gastritis crónica predominó en el grupo etario mayor a 40 años y de género masculino, siendo los factores de riesgo de mayor prevalencia la infección por Helicobacter pylori y los asociados al consumo de antiinflamatorios no esteroideos, mala alimentación, alcohol y tabaco, los síntomas como epigastralgía y la sensación de acidez estomacal fueron los más frecuentes. El hallazgo endoscópico fue mayor para las formas no erosivas, y de acuerdo a la histopatología la gastritis no atrófica antral moderada fue la más frecuente(AU)

Gastritis is a disease with high morbidity worldwide, the main risk factor is Helicobacter pylori infection. Objective: To describe the clinical, histopathological and endoscopic characteristics in a population with chronic gastritis. Material and methods: An observational, descriptive, retrospective study was carried out, including 49 patients who attended the outpatient consultation of the gastroenterology area, aged 18 to 65 years, who underwent a histopathological and endoscopic study in the Gastroenterology Service at the Quevedo General Hospital, Los Ríos-Ecuador, during September 2017 - September 2018. Results: A predominance of the male gender was observed (65%); In people over 40 years of age (55%), epigastralgia and the sensation of heartburn, 39% and 35% spectively, were the most frequent symptoms, the positivity for Helicobacter pylori, reached 86%, and the non-erosive lesion 73 %, there was a greater presence of the non-atrophic form (84%) over the atrophic one. Conclusions: Chronic gastritis predominated in the age group over 40 years of age and male, the most prevalent risk factors being Helicobacter pylori infection and those associated with the consumption of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, poor diet, alcohol and tobacco. symptoms such as epigastric pain and the sensation of heartburn were the most frequent. The endoscopic finding was greater for non-erosive forms, and according to histopathology, moderate antral non-atrophic gastritis was the most frequent(AU)

Consumo de alimentos en comederos ambulantes como factor de riesgo para síntomas dispépticos en estudiantes de medicina / Street food consumption as a risk factor for symptoms of dyspepsia in medical students

Resumen Introducción: los estudiantes universitarios muchas veces realizan su alimentación en comederos ambulantes, lo que puede ser causa de sintomatología digestiva, pero esto no se ha evidenciado en estudios en dicha población. Objetivo: determinar si el consumo de alimentos en comederos ambulantes está asociado con síntomas dispépticos en los estudiantes de medicina peruanos. Material y métodos: se realizó un estudio multicéntrico de datos secundarios, del encuestado de 1797 estudiantes de medicina en ocho facultades de medicina, se calculó una potencia estadística del 93 %. El padecimiento de síntomas dispépticos se asoció con el antecedente de consumo de alimentos en comederos ambulantes. Se obtuvo estadísticas de asociación con modelos bivariados y multivariados. Resultados: El rango de dispepsia funcional varió entre el 9 % y el 28 % y el de consumo de alimentos en comederos ambulantes, entre 1 % y 5 %. En el análisis multivariado, consumir alimentos en comederos ambulantes era un factor asociado con la mayor frecuencia de padecer dispepsia funcional (razón de prevalencia ajustada [RPa]: 1,45; intervalo de confianza [IC] 95 %: 1,09-1,94; p = 0,010); además, otras variables que resultaron significativas fueron el sexo femenino (RPa: 1,40; IC 95 %: 1,15-1,71; p = 0,001) y los que comían en horarios similares (RPa: 0,76; IC 95 %: 0,61-0,94; p = 0,012), ajustadas por la edad y el semestre académico que cursaban. Conclusiones: Los estudiantes que consumían sus alimentos en comederos ambulantes tenían mayor frecuencia de padecer síntomas dispépticos, esto debe ser vigilado por las autoridades sanitarias y universitarias, ya que puede generar repercusiones a corto y largo plazo.

Abstract Introduction: University students often eat at street food stalls, which can cause various digestive symptoms, although this has not been evidenced in studies carried out in this population. Objective: To establish whether food consumption in street food stalls is associated with symptoms of dyspepsia in Peruvian medical students. Materials and methods: A secondary data analysis of a multicenter study was conducted. Of 1 797 medical students surveyed in eight medical schools, a statistical power of 93% was calculated. Symptoms of dyspepsia were associated with a history of food consumption in street food stalls. Association statistics were obtained with bivariate and multivariate models. Results: The prevalence of functional dyspepsia varied between 9-28% and food consumption in street stalls between 1-5%. In the multivariate analysis, eating food in the street was a factor associated with a greater frequency of suffering from functional dyspepsia (aPR: 1.45; 95%CI: 1.09-1.94; p=0.010). In addition, other significant variables were the female sex (aPR: 1.40; 95%CI: 1.15-1.71 p=0.001) and people eating at similar times (aPR: 0.76; 95%CI: 0.61-0.94; p=0.012) adjusted for age, and academic term. Conclusions: Dyspepsia symptoms were more common in students who ate their food from street stalls. This should be monitored by health and university authorities, as it can have short- and long-term consequences.

Histórico familiar de câncer gástrico em pacientes dispépticos indicados à triagem endoscópica / Antecedentes familiares de cáncer gástrico en pacientes dispépticos derivados a triaje endoscópico / Family history of gastric cancer in dyspeptic patients referred for endoscopic screening

Resumo Objetivo Identificar o histórico familiar de primeiro grau de câncer gástrico em pacientes com sintomas dispépticos atendidos em um serviço público de endoscopia. Métodos Estudo transversal, realizado com pacientes dispépticos que tinham indicação para realizar o exame de endoscopia digestiva alta. A associação entre o histórico familiar de câncer gástrico e os resultados do exame endoscópico foi verificada por meio dos testes de Qui-quadrado ou Fisher, e medida seu efeito por meio da razão de chance e intervalo de confiança em analises uni e multivariadas. Utilizou-se regressão logística na análise dos dados. Resultados Observou-se que dos 751 pacientes dispépticos investigados, 44 (5,9%) possuíam histórico familiar de câncer gástrico, destes a maioria era do sexo feminino (70,5%), com idade maior ou igual a 45 anos (56,8%). Os pacientes com histórico familiar de câncer gástrico tinham maiores chances de não apresentarem diagnostico endoscópico de úlcera péptica (p=0,05; RC=2,33; IC=0,99-5,48). Além de maiores chances de alterações na mucosa gástrica (p=0,05; RC=1,06; IC=1,04-1,08) e infecção pela Helicobacter pylori (p=0,04; RC=1,79; IC=0,94-3,39) mesmo após ajustes nas análises. Conclusão A alteração endoscópica da mucosa gástrica e a infecção pela Helicobacter pylori em pacientes com sintomas dispépticos, mostraram associação independente com o histórico familiar de câncer gástrico. Diante disso, faz-se necessário a elaboração de protocolos de assistência à saúde para melhor investigação e vigilância dos familiares de câncer gástrico, bem como ações de educação em saúde para orientar os pacientes a respeito do rastreio e prevenção do câncer gástrico.

Resumen Objetivo Identificar los antecedentes familiares de primer grado de cáncer gástrico en pacientes con síntomas dispépticos atendidos en un servicio público de endoscopía. Métodos Estudio transversal llevado a cabo con pacientes dispépticos que habían sido derivados a realizar un estudio de endoscopía digestiva alta. La relación entre los antecedentes familiares de cáncer gástrico y los resultados del estudio endoscópico fue verificada mediante la prueba χ2 de Pearson o de Fisher, y su efecto fue medido a través de la razón de momios y del intervalo de confianza en análisis uni y multivariados. Se utilizó la regresión logística en el análisis de los datos. Resultados Se observó que de los 751 pacientes dispépticos investigados, 44 (5,9 %) tenían antecedentes familiares de cáncer gástrico, de los cuales la mayoría era de sexo femenino (70,5 %), de 45 años o más (56,8 %). Los pacientes con antecedentes familiares de cáncer gástrico tenían mayores chances de no presentar diagnóstico endoscópico de úlcera péptica (p=0,05; RC=2,33; IC=0,99-5,48). Además de mayores probabilidades de alteraciones en la mucosa gástrica (p=0,05; RC=1,06; IC=1,04-1,08) e infección por Helicobacter pylori (p=0,04; RC=1,79; IC=0,94-3,39), inclusive después de ajustes en los análisis. Conclusión La alteración endoscópica de la mucosa gástrica y la infección por Helicobacter pylori en pacientes con síntomas dispépticos mostraron relación independiente con los antecedentes familiares de cáncer gástrico. Ante este escenario, es necesaria la elaboración de protocolos de atención a la salud para una mejor investigación y observación de los familiares de cáncer gástrico, así como también acciones de educación en salud para orientar a los pacientes sobre la detección y prevención del cáncer gástrico.

Abstract Objective To identify first-degree relative history of gastric cancer in patients with dyspeptic symptoms receiving care at a public endoscopy service. Methods A cross-sectional study, performed with dyspeptic patients referred for an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. The association between the family history of gastric cancer and the findings of the endoscopic examination was verified using the Chi-square or Fisher tests, and its effect was shown using odds ratio and confidence interval in univariate and multivariate analyses. Logistic regression was used to analyze the data. Results Among the 751 dyspeptic patients enrolled, 44 (5.9%) had a family history of gastric cancer, mostly females (70.5%) aged 45 years or older (56.8%). Patients with a family history of gastric cancer were more likely to have no endoscopic diagnosis of peptic ulcer (p=0.05; OR=2.33; CI=0.99-5.48). In addition, higher chances of gastric mucosal changes (p=0.05; RC=1.06; CI=1.04-1.08) and Helicobacter pylori infection (p=0.04; RC=1.79; CI=0.94-3.39) were found, even after adjusting the analyses. Conclusion The endoscopic gastric mucosal changes and Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with dyspeptic symptoms showed an independent association with family history of gastric cancer. Therefore, it is necessary to develop health care protocols for better investigation and surveillance of gastric cancer relatives, as well as health education actions to guide patients regarding screening and prevention of gastric cancer.

Metástasis de cáncer de mama como colangiocarcinoma perihiliar o lesión tipo Klatskin / Breast cancer metastasis as a cholangiocarcinoma or Klatskin-like lesion

Paciente de sexo femenino de 60 años de edad, con antecedente de carcinoma ductal de mama izquierda, presentó dolor agudo en epigastrio que se acompaña de 6 meses de dispepsia, saciedad precoz y pirosis; con una pérdida de 9 kilogramos en 2 meses. Refirió coluria, negó ictericia y acolia. Las pruebas de función hepática mostraron un patrón de colestasis con elevación de gama glutamiltrasferasa (GGT) y fosfatasa alcalina (FA). Fue diagnosticada con un Colangiocarcinoma perihiliar basado en hallazgos abdominales de tomografía y resonancia, con un nódulo parenquimatoso en el segmento 8 del hígado como un tumor infiltrante periductal. El diagnóstico presuntivo fue el de Tumor de Klatskin, pero la anatomía patológica fue compatible con metástasis de carcinoma ductal de mama (CK7 + / GATA3 +). El informe complementario mostró HER-2 negativo y estrógeno negativo (ER) y progesterona (PR) por lo que el inmunofenotipo final fue ER- / PR-; HER2- con índice de proliferación Ki67 <5%, una metástasis de cáncer de mama triple negativo.

A 60-year-old female, with a medical history of a ductal carcinoma of the left breast, presented with sharp pain in epigastrium with 6 months of dyspepsia, early satiety and pyrosis and with the loss of 9 kilograms in 2 months. She referred choluria and denied jaundice and acholia. Liver function tests showed a cholestasis pattern with only elevated Gama Glutamyl Teransferase and alkaline phosphatase. She was diagnosed with a hilar cholangiocarcinoma based on abdominal CT and MRI findings, with a parenchymal nodule in segment 8 of the liver as a periductal infiltrating tumor. The presumed diagnosis was Klatskin Tumor, but the biopsied site was compatible with breast ductal carcinoma metastasis (CK7 + / GATA3 +). The complementary report showed negative HER-2 and negative estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PR) so the final immunophenotype is ER- / PR-; HER2- with proliferation index Ki67 <5%, a triple-negative breast cancer metastasis.

Respuesta inmunológica a varias proteínas del H. pylori en pacientes guatemaltecos / Inmune response to various H. pylori proteins in Guatemalan patients

Se determinó la respuesta inmunológica a proteínas recombinantes de Helicobacter pylori en pacientes dis-pépticos (adultos y niños), pacientes con cáncer gástrico y sus familiares asintomáticos adultos viviendo con ellos. Se utilizó la prueba recomLine® Helicobacter IgG e IgA, y con base en el reconocimiento de los factores de virulencia VacA y CagA se determinó si la cepa de H. pylori era de tipo I o II. El análisis de los datos fue descriptivo y analítico y se estimaron los intervalos de confianza de 95%, con un nivel de error de 0.05 y Odds ratio. El 58.7% (121/206) de los pacientes presentó la bacteria en tinción histológica de biopsia, positividad que disminuyó con la edad y daño histológico. La frecuencia de la respuesta a los anticuerpos IgG fue mayor que IgA, en ambos casos ésta fue menor en los niños. Las proteínas del H. pylori más reconocidas tanto por IgA como IgG fueron VacA y CagA, y la respuesta a las otras proteínas investigadas fue mayor al aumentar el daño histológi-co. La cepa tipo I fue la que predominó en la población en estudio con 66% (136/206). Se deben continuar con los estudios de prevalencia de la cepa tipo I del H. pylori y del reconocimiento de sus antígenos en la población guatemalteca a fin de determinar su utilidad en el diagnóstico y pronóstico de la infección.

The immune response to recombinant Helicobacter pylori proteins was determined in dyspeptic patients (adults and children), patients with gastric cancer and their asymptomatic adults' relatives living with them. The recomLine® Helicobacter IgG and IgA test was used and based on the recognition of the virulence factors VacA and CagA, it was determined whether the H. pylori strain was type I or II. The data analysis was descriptive and analytic, and 95% confidence intervals were estimated, with an error level of 0.05, and Odds ratio. The patients that presented the bacterium in histological biopsy were 58.7% (121/206), positivity that decreased with age and histological damage. The frecuency of response to IgG antibodies was higher than IgA, in both cases it was lower in children. VacA and CagA were the H. pylori proteins most recognized by both IgA and IgG and it was observed that the number of recognized proteins was greater with increasing histological damage. The type I strain was the one that predominated in the study population 66% (136/206). Prevalence studies of the type I strain of H. pylori ant the recognition of its antigens in the Guatemalan population should continue in order to determine its usefulness in the diagnosis and prognosis of infection.

Optimization and implementation of clinical trial of acupuncture: reflection on the successful case of acupuncture for postprandial distress syndrome / 中国针灸

Taking the clinical trial of acupuncture in treatment of postprandial distress syndrome as an example, this paper proposes that the acupuncture clinical trial protocol should be optimized in view of acupuncture prescription, acupuncture frequency and outcomes. Besides, the data quality of acupuncture clinical trial should be improved in consideration of data sharing and electronic data capture so as to provide a reference for the majority of researchers to optimize and implement acupuncture clinical trial.

Clinical observation on different needling depth for dyspepsia after ischemic stroke / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the efficacy difference between conventional needling depth and deep needling for dyspepsia after ischemic stroke.@*METHODS@#A total of 120 patients with dyspepsia after ischemic stroke were randomized into an observation group (60 cases, 4 cases dropped off) and a control group (60 cases, 3 cases dropped off). Basic treatment was given in the both groups. In the observation group, deep needling was applied at Zhongwan (CV 12), Tianshu (ST 25) and Liangmen (ST 21) for 60-70 mm, after even reinforcing-reducing manipulation of lifting-thrusting technique, the needles were withdrew to 35-50 mm. In the control group, the same acupoints as the observation group were selected and punctured for 25 mm. The needles were retained for 30 min, once a day, 6 times a week for 2 weeks in the both groups. The dyspepsia TCM symptom score was observed before treatment, 1 day and 1, 2 weeks into treatment, and the clinical efficacy was evaluated 2 weeks into treatment in the both groups.@*RESULTS@#The effective rate was 92.9% (52/56) in the observation group, which was superior to 78.9% (45/57) in the control group (@*CONCLUSION@#Conventional needling depth and deep needling can both improve the clinical symptoms in patients with dyspepsia after ischemic stroke, and deep needling has faster and better efficacy.

Mechanism of Xiaoyao San in treatment of depression,breast hyperplasia,and functional dyspepsia based on network pharmacology / 中国中药杂志

This study aimed to explore the mechanism of Xiaoyao San(XYS) in the treatment of three diseases of liver depression and spleen deficiency, ie, depression, breast hyperplasia, and functional dyspepsia, and to provide a theoretical basis for the interpretation of the scientific connotation of "treating different diseases with the same method" of traditional Chinese medicines. Traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform(TCMSP) was used to screen the active components of XYS which underwent principal component analysis(PCA) with the available drugs for these three diseases to determine the corresponding biological activities. The targets of XYS on depression, breast hyperplasia, and functional dyspepsia were obtained from GeneCards, TTD, CTD, and DrugBank databases. Cytoscape was used to plot the "individual herbal medicine-active components-potential targets" network. The resulting key targets were subjected to Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes(KEGG) pathway analysis and gene ontology(GO) enrichment analysis. A total of 121 active components of XYS and 38 common targets in the treatment of depression, breast hyperplasia, and functional dyspepsia were collected. The key biological pathways were identified, including advanced glycation and products(AGEs)-receptor for advanced glycation and products(RAGE) signaling pathway in diabetic complications, HIF-1 signaling pathway, and cancer-related pathways. The key targets of XYS in the treatment of depression, breast hyperplasia, and functional dyspepsia included IL6, IL4, and TNF, and the key components were kaempferol, quercetin, aloe-emodin, etc. As revealed by the molecular docking, a strong affinity was observed between the key components and the key targets, which confirmed the results. The therapeutic efficacy of XYS in the treatment of diseases of liver depression and spleen deficiency was presumedly achieved by reducing the inflammatory reactions. The current findings are expected to provide novel research ideas and approaches to classify the scientific connotation of "treating different diseases with the same method" of Chinese medicines, as well as a theoretical basis for understanding the mechanism of XYS and exploring its clinical applications.

Epidemiological and clinical features of functional dyspepsia in a region with a high incidence of esophageal cancer in China / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#Functional dyspepsia (FD) has rarely been investigated in areas with a high prevalence of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). This study aims to reveal the epidemiological and clinical features of FD and organic dyspepsia (OD) in such a population.@*METHODS@#A middle-aged and elderly population-based study was conducted in a region with a high incidence of ESCC. All participants completed the Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Questionnaire and Functional Gastrointestinal Disease Rome III Diagnostic Questionnaire, and they underwent gastroscopy. After exclusion of gastroesophageal reflux disease, uninvestigated dyspepsia (UID) was divided into OD and FD for further analyses.@*RESULTS@#A total of 2916 participants were enrolled from July 2013 to March 2014 in China. We detected 166 UID cases with questionnaires, in which 17 patients with OD and 149 with FD were diagnosed via gastroscopy. OD cases presented as reflux esophagitis (RE), ESCC, and duodenal ulcer. Heartburn (52.94%) and reflux (29.41%) were common in OD, but no symptomatic differences were found between FD and OD. Male sex, low education level, and liquid food were the risk factors for OD, while frequent fresh vegetable consumption was a protective factor. FD included 56 (37.58%) cases of postprandial distress syndrome (PDS), 52 (34.89%) of epigastric pain syndrome (EPS), nine (6.04%) of PDS + EPS, and 32 (21.48%) of FD + functional esophageal disorders. The Helicobacter pylori infection rate in FD patients was not higher than that in the control group (34.23% vs. 42.26%, P = 0.240). Frequent spicy food consumption was associated with PDS (odds ratio [OR]: 2.088, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.028-4.243), while consumption of deep well water was protective for PDS (OR: 0.431, 95% CI: 0.251-0.741).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The prevalence of FD was 5.11% in the studied population. Gastroscopy should be prescribed for dyspepsia patients in case that ESCC and RE would be missed in UID cases diagnosed solely by the Rome III questionnaire.@*TRIAL REGISTRATION@#ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01688908; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT01688908.

Improvement in dyspepsia related symptoms treated with acupuncture in 278 patients with postprandial distress syndrome: a secondary analysis of a multi-center randomized controlled trial / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the clinical effect of acupuncture for the improvements in various dyspeptic symptoms of postprandial distress syndrome.@*METHODS@#The secondary analysis on the data of a multi-center randomized controlled trial (RCT) was conducted. 278 patients with postprandial distress syndrome were randomized into an acupuncture group (138 cases) and a sham-acupuncture group (140 cases). In the acupuncture group, acupuncture was applied to Baihui (GV 20), Danzhong (CV 17), Zhongwan (CV 12), Qihai (CV 6), Neiguan (PC 6), Zusanli (ST 36), etc. In the sham-acupuncture group, 6 sites, neither located on meridians nor belonged to meridian acupoints, were selected and punctured shallowly. The duration of treatment was 20 min each time, 3 times a week, for 4 weeks totally in the two groups. The follow-up visit lasted for 12 weeks. The scores of dyspeptic symptoms were compared between the two groups before treatment, during treatment (in week 1, 2, 3 and 4) and during follow-up (in week 8, 12 and 16) separately.@*RESULTS@#Besides the scores of early satiety and vomiting in the sham-acupuncture group in week 1, the scores of the other dyspepsia symptoms during treatment and follow-up were all reduced in the two groups as compared with those before treatment (@*CONCLUSION@#Acupuncture remarkably relieves postprandial fullness, early satiety, upper abdominal bloating and belching in patients with postprandial distress syndrome.

Eletrogastrografia multicanal transcutânea: parâmetros normais em uma população brasileira / Transcutaneous multichannel electrogastrography: normal parameters in a brazilian population

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Electrogastrography (EGG) is a noninvasive technique for the assessment of gastric myoelectrical activity using electrodes placed on the abdominal surface. Changes in gastric myoelectrical activity may be associated with diseases such as gastroparesis, functional dyspepsia, nausea, and recurrent vomiting. In Brazil, no studies to date have assessed gastric myoelectrical activity using multichannel EGG in healthy individuals. OBJECTIVE: To establish normal values of transcutaneous multichannel EGG in healthy Brazilian individuals. METHODS: This was a prospective study including 20 healthy individuals who underwent EGG. Recording was performed during two periods: a preprandial recording was performed for 30 minutes, and a postprandial recording was performed for 30 minutes after a soft-solid meal of 400 kcal (20 grams of proteins, 60 grams of carbohydrates, and 9 grams of fat). RESULTS: We assessed dominant frequency (DF) parameters, %DF distribution, the instability coefficient, and the power ratio (PR). A total of 20 individuals (11 women and 9 men) with a mean age of 39.5±7.4 years were included. Mean DF (95%CI) ranged from 2.4 to 3.1 cpm in the resting phase and 2.6 to 3.2 cpm in the postprandial period. The %DF in normogastria range was >70% in all healthy individuals. We identified that only one individual did not present a positive response to the test meal, and the other 19 individuals showed a PR greater than 1. The instability coefficient did not change significantly with meal intake. CONCLUSION: Multichannel EGG may be applied in future studies to evaluate gastric motility disorders in the Brazilian population.

RESUMO CONTEXTO: Eletrogastrografia (EGG) é técnica não invasiva que avalia a atividade miolétrica gástrica utilizando eletrodos localizados na superfície abdominal. Alterações na atividade miolétrica gástrica podem estar associadas a distúrbios como gastroparesia, dispepsia funcional, náuseas e vômitos recorrentes. No Brasil, não há estudos até o momento que tenham avaliado a atividade miolétrica gástrica pela EGG multicanal transcutânea em indivíduos saudáveis. OBJETIVO: Estabelecer valores de normalidade da EGG multicanal transcutânea em indivíduos brasileiros saudáveis. MÉTODOS: Este foi um estudo prospectivo, incluindo 20 indivíduos saudáveis submetidos a EGG. O registro foi realizado em dois períodos: um período pré-prandial foi registrado por 30 minutos, e um período pós-prandial por 30 minutos após a ingesta de uma dieta de prova com consistência sólida e pastosa de 400 kcal (20 gramas de proteínas, 60 gramas de carboidratos e 9 gramas de gordura). RESULTADOS: Foram avaliados os parâmetros de frequência dominante (FD), distribuição da % de FD, coeficiente de instabilidade e "power ratio" (PR). Foram incluídos 20 indivíduos (11 mulheres e 9 homens) com idade média de 39,5 +/- 7,4 anos. A FD média (95%CI) variou de 2,4 a 3,1 cpm no período de basal (pré-prandial) e de 2,6 a 3,2 cpm no período pós-prandial. A % da FD na faixa de normogastria foi >70% em todos os indivíduos saudáveis. Identificamos que apenas um indivíduo não apresentou resposta positiva a refeição de prova, e os outros 19 indivíduos apresentaram PR>1. O coeficiente de instabilidade não mudou significativamente com a ingesta da refeição de prova. CONCLUSÃO: A EGG multicanal transcutânea pode ser aplicada em estudos futuros para a avaliar distúrbios da motilidade gástrica na população brasileira.

Alterações gastrointestinais durante o acompanhamento nutricional de pacientes oncológicos em acompanhamento ambulatorial de quimioterapia / Gastrointestinal changes during nutritional follow-up of cancer patients undergoing outpatient chemotherapy

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Cancer patients may have gastrointestinal changes that influence nutritional status. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the occurrence of gastrointestinal changes resulting from outpatient chemotherapy treatment in cancer patients. METHODS: In a retrospective longitudinal study, the nutritional status and chemotherapy gastrointestinal changes (nausea, vomit, diarrhea, constipation, mucositis, dysphagia, xerostomia, inappetence, dysgeusia and heartburn) in cancer patients (n=187) were investigated in an outpatient follow-up. For the study of the parameters over time, the generalized estimating equation (GEE) method was used. Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney tests and Spearman coefficient, at a significance level of 5% were also used. RESULTS: The majority of the patients were female (63.64%) and the mean age was 57.5±12.1 years. The most frequent symptoms were nausea (18.54%); inappetence (18.31%); intestinal constipation (11.58%); diarrhea (7.98%); xerostomia (7.59%) and vomiting (7.43%). The nutritional status did not exhibit any relevant changes (P=0.7594). However, a higher prevalence of eutrophy was observed, followed by overweight; vomiting exhibited a significant difference (P=0.0211). The nausea symptom exhibited a significant difference with a higher prevalence of colorectal neoplasia when compared to breast neoplasia (P=0.0062); as well as vomiting in lung and colorectal neoplasias (P=0.0022), and dysphagia, in head and neck neoplasia, when compared to other neoplasms (P<0.001). There was a statistically significant difference between the number of medical appointments and gender (P=0.0102) and between dysphagia and gender (P<0.0001). CONCLUSION: The study findings enhance the need for signs and symptoms follow up, as well as nutritional status follow up of patients undergoing outpatient chemotherapy.

RESUMO CONTEXTO: Pacientes oncológicos podem apresentar alterações gastrointestinais que influenciam o estado nutricional. OBJETIVO: Investigar a ocorrência de alterações gastrointestinais decorrentes do tratamento ambulatorial de quimioterapia, em pacientes oncológicos. MÉTODOS: Num estudo longitudinal retrospectivo, investigou-se o estado nutricional e as alterações gastrointestinais (náuseas, vômito, diarreia, constipação, mucosite, disfagia, xerostomia, inapetência, disgeusia e pirose) de pacientes oncológicos (n=187), em acompanhamento ambulatorial de quimioterapia. Para o estudo dos parâmetros ao longo do tempo, utilizou-se o método das equações de estimação generalizadas (EEG). Também foram utilizados os testes de Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney e o coeficiente de Spearman, com nível de significância de 5%. RESULTADOS: A maioria dos pacientes era do sexo feminino (63,64%) e a média de idade foi 57,5±12,1 anos. Os sintomas mais frequentes foram náuseas (18,54%); inapetência (18,31%); constipação intestinal (11,58%); diarreia (7,98%); xerostomia (7,59%) e vômito (7,43%). O estado nutricional não apresentou alterações relevantes (P=0,7594). No entanto, observou-se maior prevalência de eutrofia, seguido do sobrepeso e o vômito apresentou diferença significativa (P=0,0211). O sintoma de náusea apresentou diferença significativa com maior prevalência na neoplasia colorretal, quando comparado à neoplasia de mama (P=0,0062); assim como o vômito nas neoplasias de pulmão e colorretal (P=0,0022). E a disfagia, na neoplasia de cabeça e pescoço, quando comparada às demais neoplasias (P<0,001). Houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre o número de consultas médicas e sexo (P=0,0102) e entre disfagia e sexo (P<0,0001). CONCLUSÃO: Os achados encontrados no estudo permitem reforçar a necessidade do acompanhamento de sinais e sintomas, bem como do estado nutricional, de pacientes em acompanhamento ambulatorial de quimioterapia.

Acurácia diagnóstica entre teste rápido da urease e estudo histopatológico para detecção de Helicobacter pylori / Diagnostic accuracy of urease quick test compared to histopathological study for Helicobacter pylori detection

Objetivo: Analisar a acurácia do teste rápido da urease para detecção de Helicobacter pylori comparado com o exame histopatológico. Métodos: Estudo prospectivo e descritivo realizado de abril de 2018 a maio de 2019 em um Serviço de Endoscopia e Biliopancreática e em um laboratório de patologia. A amostra foi composta de 64 pacientes, de ambos os sexos, com idade de 35 a 81 anos, que apresentavam queixas dispépticas. Foram realizados exame histopatológico e teste rápido da urease. Os dados foram analisados pelo R Core team 2019 e submetidos a análises descritivas (variáveis categóricas) e inferenciais (teste de associação de qui-quadrado de Pearson e teste de Mann-Whitney). O nível de significância adotado foi de 5%. Resultados: O teste rápido da urease demonstrou que dez pacientes foram verdadeiros-positivos, 39 verdadeiros-negativos, três falsos-positivos, 12 falsos-negativos, com sensibilidade de 45,4% (25,1% a 67,3%), especificidade de 92,9% (79,4% a 98,1%), valor preditivo positivo de 76,9% (45,9% a 93,8%), valor preditivo negativo de 76,5% (62,2% a 86,7%), acurácia de 76,6% (64,0% a 85,9%), razão de chance diagnóstica 10,8 (2,56 a 45,9), índice de Youden 0,38 (0,16 a 0,60) e taxa de erro de 23,4% (14,1% a 36,0%). Conclusão: O teste rápido da urease apresentou baixa capacidade de detectar pacientes infectados, menor acurácia em relação ao estudo anatomopatológico e alta especificidade. O teste pode ser útil no momento da realização da endoscopia, por fornecer resultado rápido e barato para detectar H. pylori. O diagnóstico da bactéria apresenta maior confiabilidade com a realização dos dois métodos para pesquisa de H. pylori.

Objective: To analyze the accuracy of the rapid urease test for Helicobacter pylori detection when compared with the histopathological examination. Methods: This is a prospective and descriptive study conducted from April 2018 to May 2019, at an Endoscopy and Biliopancreatic Service and in a pathology laboratory. The sample consisted of 64 male and female patients aged 35 to 81 years old with dyspeptic complaints. Histopathological examination and rapid urease test were performed. Data were analyzed by R Corel team 2019 and underwent descriptive (categorical variables) and inferential (Pearson's Chi-squared association test and Mann-Whitney test) analyzes. The significance level adopted was 5%. Results: The rapid urease test showed that ten patients were true positive, 39 true negative, three false-positive, and 12 false-negative, and sensitivity was of 45.4% (25.1% to 67.3%), specificity 92.9% (79.4% to 98.1), positive predictive value of 76.9% (45.9-93.8%), negative predictive value of 76.5% (62.2% to 86.7%), accuracy of 76.6% (64.0% to 85.9%), diagnostic odds ratio of 10.8 (2.56% to 45.9), Youden index 0.38 (0.38% to 0.60), and error rate 23.4 (14.1% to 36.0%). Conclusion: The rapid urease test showed low ability to detect infected patients, lower accuracy compared to the pathological study, and high specificity. The test may be useful at the time of endoscopy, as it provides a quick and inexpensive result to detect H. pylori. The diagnosis of the bacterium is more reliable when both methods for H. pylori investigation are performed

Seropositividad de H. pylori y Fiebre Tifoidea en Pacientes iraquíes con dispesia / Seropositivity of H. pylori and Typhoid Fever in Dyspesia Iraqi Patients

Background: There are many studies highlight the association between Helicobacter pylori seropositivity with typhoid fever in human populations and there is no study in Iraq. Aim: Our study designed to estimate the correlation between seroprevelace of H. pylori and Typhoid fever in clinically examined patients as dyspeptic and typhoid fever infected. Methods: From May (2016) to February (2018), a total of 213 patients (134 females and 79 male) attending an enterology outpatient clinic in AL-Najaf province, Iraq. The patients with age range from 10 to 90 years and with symptoms of dyspepsia and typhoid fever (as fever, diarrhea, headache), were referred to serologic diagnosis of antibodies against H. pylori (IgG) and Typhoid (IgG and/or IgM), using the Rapid Tests Cassette. Results: Of a total of 213 clinically examined as dyspeptic and typhoid fever infected patients,134 (63.0%) were females and 79 (37.0%) were males.In this study, 82 (38.5 %) of 213 patients were seropositive for typhoid fever and 131 patients were seronegative. Moreover, 128 (60.1 %) of 213 patients were seropositive for H.pylori IgG (51 case,39.8%, typhoid seropositive, and 77 case,60.2%, typhoid seronegative) and 82 were seronegative. The serologic co-infection diagnosed in 51 (24.0%) patients. The seropositivity of typhoid fever was higher in H. pylori seropositive patients, co-infections (62.2 %), than H. pylori seronegative patients (37.8%). The co-infection was more in female (64.7%) than male (35.3%). In respect of age H. pylori seropositivity was more prevelance (25.8%) in 30s age group where as co-infection was more prevalence in 40s age group (29.4%). But the statistical analysis showed insignificant association of H. pylori with typhoid fever (P value = 0.6203), gender (P value = 0.4770) and age groups (P value = 0.0745). Conclusion: Our study indicates that H. pylori seropositive dyspepsia more susceptiple to typhoid fever particularly in female and 40s ages and suggest there was insignificant relationship amongst seropositivity of H. pylori and typhoid fever within dyspepsia patient

Es el Tipo de Sangre un Factor de Riesgo para el Cáncer Gástrico?, estudio observacional / Is Blood Type a Risk Factor for Gastric Cancer?, observational study

Introducción:Existen estudios que asocian a los grupos sanguíneos con el desarrollo de cáncer gástrico, estableciendo una relación entre los individuos con grupo sanguíneo A y la predisposición a esta neoplasia, sin embargo estos reportes podrían estar sesgados por la prevalencia poblacional del tipo sanguíneo de la región. El objetivo de este estudio es establecer la relación predicha en una zona de alta prevalencia de tipo sanguíneo O. Métodos: Este estudio observacional, analítico fue llevado a cabo en pacientes que se realizaron biopsia de estómago vía endoscópica atendidos en el Instituto de Cáncer SOLCA Cuenca en el período 2013 ­2018; el muestreo es no probabilístico de todos los casos posibles. Para el análisis se conforma el grupo 1 (G1) con pacientes con Biopsia Positiva para Cáncer Gástrico, el grupo 2 con pacientes con Biopsia negativa para Cáncer Gástrico. Se realiza análisis de asociación con Razón de Prevalencia (RP). Resultados: Fueron 433 casos de cáncer gástrico en G1y 2606 casos negativos para Cáncer Gástrico en G2. La prevalencia del tipo de sangre "O" en G1fue 328/433 casos (75.75%) Vs. 1946/2606 casos (74.67%); la prevalencia del tipo de sangre "A" en G1 fue 71/433 casos (16.4%) Vs 485/2606 casos (18.61%) en G2; RP=0.875 (IC95% 0.69 -1.11), P=0.27. Conclusiones: No se demostró asociación entre el tipo de sangre y la presencia de Cáncer Gástrico en el presente reporte.

Introduction:There are studies that associate blood groups with the development of gastric cancer, establishing a relationship between individuals with blood group A and a predisposition to this neoplasia, however these reports could be biased by the population prevalence of the blood type of the region. The objective of this study is to establish the predicted relationship in an area with a high prevalence of blood type O. Methods: This observational, analytical study was carried out in patients who underwent endoscopic stomach biopsy treated at the SOLCA Cuenca Cancer Institute in the period 2013 -2018; the sampling is non-probability of all possible cases. For the analysis, group 1 (G1) is made up of patients with a Positive Biopsy for Gastric Cancer, group 2 with patients with a negative Biopsy for Gastric Cancer. Association analysis with Prevalence Ratio (PR) is performed. Results: There were 433 cases of gastric cancer in G1 and 2606 negative cases for Gastric Cancer in G2. The prevalence of blood type "O" in G1 was 328/433 cases (75.75%) Vs. 1946/2606 cases (74.67%); the prevalence of blood type "A" in G1 was 71/433 cases (16.4%)Vs 485/2606 cases (18.61%) in G2; PR = 0.875 (95% CI 0.69 -1.11), P = 0.27. Conclusions: No association between blood type and the presence of Gastric Cancer was demonstrated in this repor