Metodologias ativas no ensino de diagnóstico radiográfico da cárie proximal / Active methodologies in teaching radiographic diagnosis of proximal caries

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o desempenho do estudante de Odontologia no diagnóstico radiográfico de cáries proximais. Sessenta e oito estudantes de Odontologia passaram pelas etapas de treinamento teórico e prático para o diagnóstico radiográfico de cárie. O material foi constituído de exames radiográficos convencionais e digitalizados de 40 dentes humanos, sendo 20 pré-molares e 20 molares com alterações clínicas não tratadas em uma das superfícies proximais. Para avaliar a semelhança entre as referências de escores de diagnóstico radiográfico da cárie e a avaliação histológica foi aplicado o Coeficiente de Correlação Intraclasse, que mediu a assertividade entre os escores dos estudantes e o verdadeiro diagnóstico, a qual foi classificada em níveis de reprodutibilidade. Na avaliação da reprodutibilidade utilizando o coeficiente de correlação intraclasse, os valores obtidos para as imagens digitalizadas dos dentes pré-molares foram considerados satisfatórios, onde os estudantes do sétimo semestre mais se aproximaram do diagnóstico correto. Conclui-se que os estudantes do sétimo semestre tiveram melhor desempenho no diagnóstico radiográfico de cáries proximais.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of the dental student in the diagnosis of proximal caries. Sixty-eight students of Dentistry underwent the stages of theoretical and practical training for the radiographic diagnosis of caries. The sample consisted of conventional and digitized radiographic examinations of 40 human teeth, 20 premolars and 20 molars with untreated clinical alterations on one of the proximal surfaces. To evaluate the similarity between the references of the radiographic diagnosis scores of the caries and the histological evaluation, the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient was used, which measured the assertiveness between the students' scores and the true diagnosis, which was classified in levels of reproducibility. In the evaluation of reproducibility using the intraclass correlation coefficient, the values obtained for the digitized images of the premolar teeth were considered satisfactory, where the students of the seventh semester more approached the correct diagnosis. It was concluded that the seventh semester students had better performance in the radiographic diagnosis of proximal caries.

Burnout syndrome in peruvian dental students: a prevalence study

Aim: Burnout syndrome describes the state of long-term physical, emotional and mental exhaustion related to work. This syndrome can cause health problems related to stress, insomnia, cardiovascular and musculoskeletal diseases, including an increase in alcohol consumption and drug use. It is important to recognize the presence of the initial signs of this syndrome, therefore this study aimed to determine the prevalence of the burnout syndrome in peruvian dental students. Methods: The study was observational, cross-sectional, and descriptive. It was carried out from September to November 2018, and it included a total of 154 dental students of four universities of La Libertad region, surveyed by census method. Three were private universities and one was public. Burnout was evaluated through the Maslach Burnout Student Survey Questionnaire (MBI-SS). The results were presented in absolute and percentage frequencies, as well as confidence intervals, using double-entry tables. Results: It was found that 24.68% of the students (24.71% in male students and 24.64% in female students) presented burnout syndrome. The public university of Trujillo presented the highest percentage of affected students (47.37%). A prevalence of 53,90% of emotional exhaustion was also found among the students under evaluation. Conclusions: Almost a quarter of the students surveyed presented burnout. It was also observed that the public University of Trujillo had a higher percentage of burnout than the three private ones. The percentage of prevalence of the burnout syndrome according to sex was similar. However according to dimensions, emotional exhaustion presented the highest percentage

Effect of various educational methods on increasing parents' awareness of their children's preventive orthodontic treatments

Aim: Like other fields of health, the main focus in dentistry has shifted from treatment to prevention of diseases. Parents have a vital role in deciding about their children's oral health issues. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of four educational methods (including printed pamphlets, digital pamphlets, faceto-face education, and educational films) in increasing the awareness of parents about preventive orthodontic treatments. Methods: The study samples were selected from patients who were referred to the Pediatric Dentistry Department. 150 parents of children between 4-12 years old participated in the study. They filled out a questionnaire including demographic data and knowledge about orthodontic problems and their early treatments. Then they were divided into five groups (control, printed pamphlet, digital pamphlet, face-to-face, educational films) and after one month they repeated the test. Results: A total of 102 fathers and 48 mothers were evaluated. There was no statistical difference between different ages, sex, or income in terms of their awareness, but the awareness score between educational groups was different. There has been observed a significant increase in the awareness level of all four groups (except the control group) (P < 0.05). The highest score was seen in the video group. The difference between printed pamphlets and digital pamphlets was not significant. Conclusions: The results indicate that educational films are the most effective way of increasing awareness about preventive orthodontic treatments

Treatment Trends in Paediatric Dentistry with Evolving Training and Education of Postgraduate Students in India: A Retrospective Study

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess and analyse the pattern of dental treatment services and their characteristics provided to children by evaluating the clinical use of materials and prevalence in material research in a major postgraduate paediatric tertiary care hospital in India over three years. Material and Methods: Institutionally approved retrospective analysis was conducted by auditing the clinical records of 2644 patients who visited and had treatment in the Outpatient and Inpatient Department of Paedodontics and Preventive Dentistry from January 2017 to December 2019. Clinical logbooks of postgraduate students were analysed by crosschecking with the department's data warehouse. Results: Out of the 2644 children who had treatment, more than two-thirds of them were in the age group of 4-7 years old. Around 5.6% of the patients were specially-abled children. Extraction (33.5%) was the most common treatment, followed by restorative treatment (29.1%). Endodontic treatment had a prevalence of 19.8%, with a reduced prevalence of preventive treatment care (0.5%). Patients who had traumatic tooth management included 2.8% of the study population. The prevalence of preventive care was found to be 2.1%. The teaching curriculum with theoretical and clinical skill practices was under the country's assigned authority. Conclusion: Despite advancements in paediatric dentistry, more children had extraction treatment with less observed utilization of preventive care. The widening of the training prospectus includes comprehensive care and an amplified focus on preventive care in the academic curriculum of paediatric postgraduates, which is the need of the hour.

Percepciones sobre la importancia de las ciencias básicas en estudiantes de odontología y medicina / Perceptions of the importance of basic sciences in odontology and medical students

Introducción: El aprovechamiento de los cursos de ciencias básicas puede depender de las percepciones estudiantiles sobre la importancia de estos en su vida profesional, por lo que se hace necesario determinar el grado de importancia que los estudiantes le confieren a este tipo de cursos. Materiales y métodos: Se presentó un cuestionario con 9 declaraciones a 54 estudiantes de odontología y medicina. Las respuestas se pasaron a una escala numérica para su análisis. Se usó una prueba de U de Mann-Whitney con el fin de evaluar diferencias entre estudiantes de ambas facultades. Resultados: Los estudiantes en conjunto mostraron tener una buena opinión de la importancia de las ciencias básicas en la práctica clínica. Se observó también que es mayor la proporción de estudiantes de odontología que consideran que la investigación básica no es útil para su práctica clínica. Conclusión: Los estudiantes consideran las ciencias básicas necesarias para un buen desempeño profesional.

Introduction: The benefit of basic science courses may depend on students' perceptions of the importance of these courses in their professional life, therefore, it's necessary to determine the degree of importance that students give to this type of courses. Materials and methods: A questionnaire with 9 statements was presented to 54 dental and medical students. The responses were converted to a numerical scale for analysis. Using a Mann-Whitney U test, differences between students from both faculties were evaluated. Results: The students showed a good opinion of the importance of basic sciences in clinical practice. It was also observed that the proportion of dental students who consider that basic research is not useful for their clinical practice is higher. Conclusion: Students consider the basic sciences necessary for good professional performance.

Necesidades educativas de los entrenadores para la prevención de afecciones bucodentales desde el contexto deportivo / Educational needs of coaches for the prevention of oral conditions from the sports context

Los entrenadores desempeñan un rol fundamental en la prevención de afecciones bucodentales desde el contexto deportivo. El objetivo es identificar las necesidades educativas sobre prevención de afecciones bucodentales, en entrenadores de deportes de combate. Se desarrolló un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal durante el mes de marzo del 2022 en la EIDE Provincial «Lino Salabarría Pupo» de Sancti Spíritus. La población estuvo conformada por los 30 entrenadores de los deportes de combate; se seleccionó una muestra probabilística y aleatoria simple de 15 entrenadores. Se utilizó una encuesta diseñada por los autores y la estadística descriptiva. Se evidenció una insuficiente preparación de los entrenadores en la prevención de afecciones bucodentales y condiciones del área deportiva. Además, la mayoría percibe su preparación en relación con estos temas como, regular. Se demuestra así, la necesidad de la preparación de los entrenadores deportivos en la prevención de afecciones bucodentales a través de la superación profesional.

Coaches play a fundamental role in the prevention of oral conditions from the sports context. The objective is to identify educational needs on the prevention of oral conditions in combat sports coaches. A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out on March 2022 at "Lino Salabarría Pupo" Provincial EIDE in Sancti Spíritus. The population was made up of 30 combat sports coaches; a simple random and probabilistic sample of 15 coaches was selected. A survey designed by the authors and descriptive statistics were used. Insufficient preparation of the coaches in the prevention of oral conditions and conditions of the sports area was evidenced. In addition, most of them perceive as regular their preparation in relation to these issues. The preparation of sports coaches in the prevention of oral conditions through professional improvement is a necessity.

Percepção e conduta de acadêmicos de odontologia frente aos casos de violência contra a mulher / Perception and conduct of academics of Dentistry in front of cases of violence against women / Percepción y conducta de académicos de Odontología frente a casos de violenciacontra la mujer

A violência contra a mulher é um fenômeno social complexo que traz danos reais à saúde das vítimas, incluindo o trauma facial, cuja abordagem deveser feita porcirurgiões-dentistas devidamente capacitados para atuar neste cenário. Objetivo:Analisar a conduta e percepção dos acadêmicos do terceiro ao quinto ano do curso de Odontologia de uma Faculdade privada do Recife-PE frente aos casos de violência contra a mulher. Metodologia:Tratou-se de um estudo descritivo e exploratório, sem intenção de generalizar os resultados para outros universos, realizado com estudantes do terceiro ao quinto ano cuja coleta de dados ocorreu entre setembro e outubro de2020, através de um questionário eletrônico encaminhado através dos grupos de Whatsapp.Resultados:Boa parte dos estudantes já presenciou algum caso de violência contra mulher (44,1%). Para eles, as causas da violência são impunidade (61,0%), dependênciaquímica e alcóolica (55,9%) e problemas psiquiátricos (54,2%), como também machismo (11,9%). A maioria (96,6%) afirmou que mulheres são mais acometidas e 72,9% consideram que cabeça e pescoço são as regiões maisafetadas. A maioria (61,0%) afirmater recebido orientação sobre como agir por algum meio de comunicação (45,8%) e 10,2% receberam orientação na graduação. Alguns alunos (3,4%) afirmaram já ter identificado casos de violência contra a mulher na clínica da faculdade. Entretanto, 44,1% afirmaram não saber do que se trata uma notificação compulsória. Conclusões:Os estudantes de Odontologia reconhecem as mulheres como as principais vítimas da violência, consideram que a cabeça e o pescoço são as regiões mais afetadas, sendo necessários os registros documentais das lesões examinadas e do atendimento efetuado para que laudos e prontuários possam ser utilizados como prova (AU).

Violence against women is a complex social phenomenon that brings real damage to the health of victims, including facial trauma, which must be addressed by dentists who are duly trained to act in this scenario. Objective:To analyze the conduct and perception of students from the third to fifth year of the Dentistry course at a private college in Recife-PE regarding cases of violence against women. Methodology:This was just a descriptive and exploratory study, with no intention of generalizing the results to other universes, carried out with students from the third to the fifth year whose data collection took place between September and October 2020, through an electronic questionnaire sent through the groups from Whatsapp. Results:For them, the causes of violence are impunity (61.0%), chemical and alcoholic dependence (55.9%) and psychiatric problems (54.2%), as well as machismo (11.9%). The majority (96.6%) stated that women are more affected and 72.9% consider that the head and neck are the most affected regions. Most (61.0%) claim to have received guidance on how to act through some means of communication (45.8%) and 10.2% received guidance during graduation. Some students (3.4%) stated that they had already identified cases of violence against women at the university clinic. However, 44.1% said they did not know what a compulsory notification was about. Conclusions:Dentistry students recognize women as the main victims of violence, considering that the head and neck are the most affected regions, requiring documentary records of the injuries examined and the care provided so that reports and medical records can be used as evidence (AU).

Importância das Jornadas Acadêmicas na formação profissional: Percepção dos estudantes Itaúna ­ MG, 2022 / Importance of Academic Journeys in professional training: Perception of students Itaúna ­ MG, 2022

A realização da jornada acadêmica contribui para a formação dos estudantes, já que são encontros anuais promovidos pelos alunos universitários com o objetivo de trazer temas emergentes, com intuito de promover a formação integral desses futuros profissionais. O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar a opinião dos alunos do curso de Odontologia acerca da 43° Jornada Acadêmica da Universidade de Itaúna. O evento foi desenvolvido na Universidade de Itaúna-MG. A Metodologia da pesquisa foi realizada por meio de questionários distribuídos no último dia do evento, o que propiciou a coleta de dados dos participantes, os quais manifestaram seus pontos de vista em relação à jornada acadêmica. Os dados foram tabulados em uma planilha do Excel e analisados utilizando-se as ferramentas estatísticas do software SPSS- Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, for Windows® versão 20.0. Foram geradas tabelas de frequência e análise descritiva das variáveis. Resultados mostraram que dos 231 participantes, 162 (70,1%) afirmaram que a programação da Jornada Acadêmica Odontológica atende a todos os períodos da graduação; 177 (76,6%) achou os temas abordados interessantes; 176 (76,2%) preferirem que palestras e cursos deveriam acontecer de forma simultânea; 194 (84%) acharam relevante a apresentação de banner durante o evento; 93 (40,3%) responderam que os três dias de Jornada Acadêmica são suficientes, não sendo necessário o acréscimo de dias e 132 (57,1%) que avaliaram como ótimo o evento. Concluiu-se que essa Jornada é importante para trazer novas experiências aos profissionais e atualizações do mercado de trabalho, ampliando conhecimentos, habilidades e atitudes dentro da instituição.

The holding of the academic day contributes to the training of students, as they are annual meetings promoted by university students with the aim of bringing up emerging themes, with the aim of promoting the integral training of these future professionals. The objective of this study is to evaluate the opinion of students of the Dentistry course about the 43rd Academic Journey of the University of Itaúna. The event was held at the University of Itaúna-MG. The research methodology was carried out through questionnaires distributed on the last day of the event, which allowed the collection of data from the participants, who expressed their points of view in relation to the academic journey. Data were tabulated in an Excel spreadsheet and analyzed using the statistical tools of the SPSS- Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software, for Windows® version 20.0. Frequency tables and descriptive analysis of the variables were generated. Results showed that of the 231 participants, 162 (70.1%) stated that the Academic Dental Journey schedule covers all graduation periods; 177 (76.6%) found the topics covered interesting; 176 (76.2%) preferred that lectures and courses should take place simultaneously; 194 (84%) thought the banner display during the event was relevant; 93 (40.3%) answered that the three days of the Academic Day are enough, not being necessary to add more days and 132 (57.1%) who evaluated the event as excellent. It was concluded that this Journey is important to bring new experiences to professionals and updates in the labor market, expanding knowledge, skills and attitudes within the institution.

Conhecimento de acadêmicos de Odontologia acerca da avulsão dentária / Knowledge of dental students about tooth avulsion

Objetivo: verificar o conhecimento de acadêmicos de Odontologia de uma instituição de ensino superior da Paraíba acerca da avulsão dentária. Métodos: foi realizado um estudo transversal, no qual 64 acadêmicos responderam um formulário com perguntas objetivas relativas a dados sociodemográficos, período de formação do curso e conhecimento e condutas em casos de avulsão dentária. Foi realizada análise descritiva de frequência absoluta e relativa dos dados (SPSS, v. 20.0). Resultados: a maioria dos acadêmicos recebeu informações sobre avulsão dentária em aulas ministradas no curso (86%) e indicaria a irrigação com soro fisiológico seguida de reimplante quando da ocorrência do trauma há menos de uma hora (64,1%) e há mais de uma hora (43,8%). O tratamento endodôntico foi indicado, independentemente do tempo do dente fora do alvéolo, por 34,4% da amostra. A contenção rígida foi a mais indicada para o dente reimplantado (48,4%) e seu tempo mínimo de proservação radiográfica respondido pela maioria dos pesquisados foi de 6 meses (48,4%). Conclusões: apesar de a maioria dos acadêmicos ter recebido informações acerca da temática, o conhecimento foi considerado insuficiente em relação a condutas referentes ao reimplante dentário, indicação do tratamento endodôntico, tipo de contenção e tempo de proservação.

Objective: to verify the knowledge of dental students from a Higher Education Institution of Paraíba about dental avulsion. Methods: a cross-sectional study was carried out, in which 64 students answered a form with objective questions regarding sociodemographic data, course period, knowledge and conduct in cases of tooth avulsion. Descriptive analysis of absolute and relative frequency of data was performed (SPSS, v. 20.0). Results: most students received information about dental avulsion during the graduation classes (86%) and would indicate irrigation with saline solution followed by reimplantation when the trauma occurred less than one hour (64.1%) and more than one hour (43.8%). Endodontic treatment was indicated, regardless of the time the tooth was out of the dental socket, according 34.4% of the sample. Rigid retention was the most indicated for the reimplanted tooth (48.4%) and six months was the minimum radiographic follow-up time answered by most students (48.4%). Conclusions: although most students have received information about the topic, the knowledge was considered insufficient in relation to some aspects of the protocols recommended for emergency care for dental avulsion, with emphasis on behaviors related to dental reimplantation, indication of endodontic treatment, type of containment and follow-up.

Gerenciamento de urgências endodônticas: conhecimentos de acadêmicos de odontologia / Management of endodontic emergencies: knowledge of dental students

Objetivo: avaliar do conhecimento dos alunos de odontologia sobre os protocolos de atendimento para as urgências endodônticas. Método: 182 alunos dos últimos anos do curso de Odontologia do Centro Universitário Doutor Leão Sampaio, responderam a um questionário contendo perguntas referente ao protocolo adotado em casos de urgência de origem endodôntica. Os dados foram analisados pelo teste de Qui-quadrado de Pearson (p<0,05). Resultados: foram observadas diferenças entre a conduta relata pelos alunos do quarto e quinto ano de graduação quanto a indicação da incisão para drenagem em abscesso periapical agudo submucoso (evoluído), indicação de antibióticos nos casos de flare-up e indicação de antibióticos na dor com edema póstratamento endodôntico. A prescrição de antibióticos foi excessiva para os casos de dor entre consultas (flareup) e dor no pós-operatória. Para as patologias da polpa, a maioria dos alunos indicou protocolos de urgência recomendados na literatura. Conclusão: os resultados indicam a necessidade de melhoria dos programas de treinamento dos alunos em urgências endodônticas, principalmente quanto aos protocolos farmacológicos. (AU)

Objective: to evaluate the knowledge of dentistry students about care protocols for endodontic emergencies. Method: 182 students from the last years of the Dentistry course at Doctor Leão Sampaio University Center answered a questionnaire containing questions regarding the protocol adopted in urgent cases of endodontic origin. Data were analyzed using Pearson's Chi-square test (p<0.05). Results: differences were observed between the conduct reported by fourth- and fifth-year undergraduate students regarding the indication of incision for drainage in submucosal acute periapical abscess (evolved), indication of antibiotics in cases of flare-up and indication of antibiotics in pain with edema after endodontic treatment. The prescription of antibiotics was excessive for cases of pain between appointments (flare-up) and postoperative pain. For pulp pathologies, most students indicated emergency protocols recommended in the literature. Conclusion: the results indicate the need to improve student training programs in endodontic emergencies, especially regarding pharmacological protocols. (AU)

Sistema de cotas e desempenho acadêmico: estudo seccional em uma universidade pública brasileira / Quota system and academic performance: sectional study in a brazilian public university / Sistema de cuotas y rendimiento académico: estudio seccional en una universidad pública brasileña

Introdução: A lei de cotas (nº 12.711/2012) foi criada com o intuito de oportunizar o acesso de alunos oriundos de escolas públicas ao ensino superior. Desde então, medidas adicionais foram tomadas para garantir, não só o acesso, mas a permanência destes alunos nas universidades. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o desempenho acadêmico dealunos cotistas e não cotistas da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade Federal do Pará. Metodologia: Foram coletados dados de alunos matriculados nos anos de 2020 e2021 por meio de um questionário on-line e realizada a análise de histórico acadêmico dos voluntários. A análise dos dados foi realizada com software Jamovi versão 1.6.23, utilizando os testesQui-quadrado, t de Student para amostras independentes e análise de regressão linear multivariada. Em todas as análises foi adotado o nível de significância de 0,05. Resultados: Com uma taxa de resposta de 39,92% (n=200), os resultados demonstraram haver um melhor desempenho acadêmico para o grupo não-cotista no que se refere ao Coeficiente de Rendimento Geral (p=0,001). Além disso, alunos do grupo cotista enfrentam mais dificuldades quando comparados aos não-cotistas (p<0,0001). Na análise múltipla verificou-se que juntas, forma de ingresso (cotista ou não), o enfrentamento de dificuldades, recebimento de auxílios e atividades fora da Faculdade explicam quase 10% da variável Coeficiente de Rendimento Geral (R² = 0,098). Conclusões: A complexidade da comparação sugere a possibilidade de múltiplas causas, entre elas o fator socioeconômico e outras dificuldades experienciadas. Entender e atuar nestas causas é de fundamental importância para a construção de uma universidade inclusiva de qualidade (AU).

Introduction:The quota law (nº 12.711/2012) was created with the objective of providing opportunities for students from public schools to enter federal universities. Since then, additional measures have been taken to ensure not only the access, but the permanence of these students in universities. Objectives:This study aimed to assess the academic performance of quota students and non-quota students at the Faculty of Dentistry of the Federal University of Pará. Methods:Data were collected from students enrolled in the years 2020 and 2021 through an online questionnaire and the academic history of the volunteers was analyzed. Data analysis was performed with Jamovi software version 1.6.23, using the chi-square test, Student's t test for independent samples, and multivariate linear regression analysis. In all analyses, a significance level of 0.05 was adopted. Results:With a response rate of 39.92% (n=200), the results showed a better academic performance for the non-quotastudents with regard to the General PerformanceCoefficient (p=0.001). In addition, quota students face more difficulties when compared to non-quota students (p<0.0001). In the multiple analysis, it was found that the admission modality (quota students or non-quota students), facing difficulties, receiving aid, and activities outside the University explained together almost 10% of the General Performance Coefficient variable (R² = 0.098). Conclusion:The complexity of the comparison suggests the possibility of multiple causes, including the socioeconomic factor and other difficulties experienced. Understanding and acting on these causes is of fundamental importance for the construction of a quality inclusive university (AU).

Introducción: La ley de cuotas (nº 12.711/2012) fue creada con el objetivo de brindar a estudiantes de colegios públicosla oportunidad de ingresar a una universidad federal. Desde entonces, se han tomado medidas adicionales para asegurar, no solo el acceso, sino también la permanencia de estos estudiantes en las universidades. Objetivos:Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar el rendimiento académico de los alumnos con cuota y los sin cuota de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad Federal de Pará. Métodos:Se recolectaron datos de estudiantes matriculados en los años 2020 y 2021 a través de un cuestionario en línea y se realizó el análisis del historial académico de los voluntarios. El análisis de datos se realizó con el software Jamovi versión 1.6.23, utilizando la prueba de qui-cuadrado, prueba t de Student para muestras independientes y análisis de regresión lineal multivariado. En todos los análisis se adoptó un nivel de significación de 0.05. Resultados:Con una tasa de respuesta del 39.92% (n=200), los resultados mostraron un mejor rendimiento académico de los alumnos sin cuotacon respecto al Coeficiente de Rendimiento General (p=0.001). Además, los estudiantes con cuota enfrentan más dificultades cuando comparados a los estudiantes sin cuota (p<0.0001). En el análisis múltiple, se encontró que,en conjunto, la forma de ingreso (alumnos con cuota o sin cuota), enfrentar las dificultades, recibir ayudas y actividades fuera de la Facultad explican casi el 10% de la variable Coeficiente de Rendimiento General(R² = 0,098). Conclusión:La complejidad de la comparación sugiere la posibilidad de múltiples causas, incluido el factor socioeconómico y otras dificultades experimentadas. Comprender y actuar sobre estas causas es de fundamental importancia para la construcción de una universidad inclusiva de calidad (AU).

Identificación de contenidos de pertinencia intercultural para la atención de salud para el plan de estudios de odontología / Intercultural Competences in Chilean Dental Education for Inclusive Healthcare

INTRODUCCIÓN: La diversidad cultural en Chile y las inequidades en el acceso y calidad de la atención requiere del desarrollo de competencias culturales en los profesionales de la salud debido a las inequidades en el acceso y calidad de la atención. A nivel internacional, se ha integrado la competencia cultural en los planes de estudio de las carreras de salud, pero en Chile está en sus etapas iniciales. MÉTODOS: Se utilizó una metodología mixta que incluyó: revisión documental (búsquedas y análisis en bases de datos y documentos oficiales), entrevistas a informantes clave y consenso de expertos. Las entrevistas se transcribieron textuales y se realizó un análisis temático utilizando el software ATLAS.ti. RESULTADOS: La revisión documental identificó dominios, objetivos e instrumentos utilizados para medir la competencia cultural en odontología. Las entrevistas revelaron cuatro categorías principales: concepciones de salud, facilitadores y barreras, y características de los profesionales de la salud. Se elaboró un listado de contenidos y resultados de aprendizaje, evaluados y consensuados por expertos. Conclusiones: La inclusión de la competencia cultural en los planes de estudio de odontología es esencial para una atención de salud más inclusiva y culturalmente segura. Se recomienda su integración longitudinal en diversos cursos, empleando metodologías efectivas de enseñanza y evaluación. Los resultados de este estudio ofrecen una guía para identificar los conocimientos, habilidades y actitudes necesarios para formar a los profesionales de salud que finalmente deben entregar una apropiada atención de salud con pertinencia intercultural.

INTRODUCTION: Cultural diversity in Chile and inequities in access and quality of care require the development of cultural competencies in health professionals. Internationally, cultural competence has been integrated into the curricula of health professional programs; however, in Chile it is still in its early stages. METHODS: A mixed methodology included documentary review (searches and analysis in databases and official documents), key informant interviews and expert consensus. The interviews were transcribed verbatim, and thematic analysis was carried out using ATLAS.ti software. RESULTS: The documentary review identified domains, objectives and instruments used to measure cultural competence in dentistry. The interviews revealed four main categories: conceptions of health, facilitators and barriers, and characteristics of health professionals. Experts developed, evaluated and agreed upon content and learning outcomes. Conclusion: Including cultural competence in dental curricula is essential for more inclusive and culturally safe health care. Its longitudinal integration into various courses, employing effective teaching and assessment methodologies, is recommended. The results of this study provide a guide to identifying the knowledge, skills, and attitudes needed to train health professionals who ultimately deliver appropriate health care with cultural pertinence.

Sociodemographic and academic characteristics of the admission profile of students, faculty of dentistry, University of Costa Rica 2007-2014 / Características sociodemográficas y académicas del perfil de ingreso de estudiantes de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de Costa Rica 2007-2014

The objective of this research was to determine some of the sociodemographic and academic characteristics of the students who entered the Dentistry career in the period 2007 to 2014. Data was collected from 673 student files. The variables considered were sex, admission age, marital status, children, nationality, place of origin, high school of origin, and admission exam score. The data was obtained from the database of the Student Applications System, the physical files, and the Supreme Electoral Tribunal of Costa Rica. Descriptive statistics were performed, establishing the absolute and relative frequency of the variables. The Mann-Whitney test was used to determine if there were statistically significant differences between the admission exam and the established sociodemographic variables (p<0,05, IC 95%). 68,4% of the students are female. The average age was 18.4 years (SD=2,41). 99,0% of the students are from Costa Rica. 99,3% were single and only 0,9% had children. The largest number of students entered through an admission exam (78.9%) and 50.7% studied at a public high school. Regarding the address, 77.9% of the subjects resided in the Greater Metropolitan Area. The average grade of the admission exam was 613,8 (SD=49,95). There was a statistically significant difference between the entrance exam grade and the different types of high schools of origin. The group of students who entered to train as Dentists at the University of Costa Rica from 2007 to 2014 was a population with an average age of entry of 18,4 years, Costa Rican, predominantly female, single, without children, from geographic areas within the Greater Metropolitan Area (GMA), graduated from public schools with an average admission exam grade of 612,2.

El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar algunas de las características sociodemográficas y académicas de los estudiantes que ingresaron a la carrera de Odontología en el período 2007 al 2014. Se recopilaron los datos de 673 expedientes de los estudiantes. Las variables consideradas fueron: sexo, edad de ingreso, estado civil, hijos, nacionalidad, lugar de procedencia, colegio de procedencia y nota de examen de admisión. Los datos se obtuvieron de la base de datos del Sistema de Aplicaciones Estudiantiles (SAE), los expedientes físicos y del Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones de Costa Rica. Se realizó estadística descriptiva estableciendo la frecuencia absoluta y relativa de las variables. Se empleó el test de Mann Whitney para determinar si existían diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre el examen de admisión y las variables sociodemográficas establecidas (p<0,05, IC 95%). El 68,4% de los estudiantes pertenecen al sexo femenino. La edad promedio fue de 18,4 años (DS=2,41). El 99,0% de los discentes son de nacionalidad costarricense. El 99,3% eran solteros y sólo el 0,9% tenían hijos. La mayor cantidad de estudiantes ingresaron por examen de admisión (78,9%) y el 50,7% cursó sus estudios en un colegio público. Respecto al domicilio, el 77,9% de los sujetos residían en el Gran Área Metropolitana. El promedio de nota del examen de admisión fue de 613,8 (DS=49,95). Hubo una diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre la nota del examen de admisión y los diferentes tipos de colegios de procedencia. El grupo de estudiantes que ingresaron a formarse como Odontólogos en la Universidad de Costa Rica en el periodo de 2007 al 2014 fue una población con un promedio una edad de ingreso de 18,4 años predominantemente femenina, costarricense, soltera, sin hijos, proveniente de áreas geográficas dentro del Gran Área Metropolitana (GAM), egresadas de colegios públicos con un promedio de nota de examen de admisión de 612,2.

Disposición hacia la colaboración médica internacional en estudiantes de Estomatología de ocho universidades cubanas / Willingness towards international medical collaboration in dental students from eight Cuban universities

Introducción: Cuba se ha caracterizado por enviar a diversos países delegaciones de salud, llamadas "misiones médicas". Sin embargo, el interés de los futuros profesionales de formar parte de esas delegaciones no se ha investigado. Objetivos: Caracterizar la disposición hacia la colaboración médica internacional e identificar los factores asociados en estudiantes cubanos de Estomatología. Métodos: Se realizó una investigación transversal, analítica de datos secundarios, en estudiantes de todos los años del curso académico 2018-2019, pertenecientes a ocho universidades. La variable dependiente fue el reporte de la disposición de ir a misiones médicas. Se calcularon las razones de prevalencia e intervalos de confianza al 95 por ciento. Resultados: Participaron 1174 estudiantes, de los cuales 830 (71 por ciento) estuvieron dispuestos a cumplir misiones médicas. Existió una mayor disposición hacia la colaboración médica conforme aumentaba la edad (RPa: 1,02; IC 95 por ciento: 1,00-1,04; p = 0,044); así como, en los estudiantes que reportaron presión familiar para estudiar la carrera (RPa: 1,17; IC 95 por ciento: 1,09-1,26; p < 0,001). Aquellos que reportaron buenas notas antes de ingresar a la universidad (RPa: 0,83; IC 95 por ciento: 0,77-0,91; p < 0,001), los de solvencia económica (RPa: 0,90; IC 95 por ciento: 0,90-0,98; p = 0,019) y los que estaban cursando el tercer y cuarto años académicos (RPa: 0,93; IC 95 por ciento: 0,88-0,97; p = 0,003) fueron los de menor disposición para colaborar; ajustado por el sexo y la universidad. Conclusión: Existe una elevada disposición hacia la colaboración médica internacional y está asociada a múltiples aspectos sociales y educativos(AU)

Introduction: Cuba has been characterized by sending health delegations to various countries, called "medical missions". However, the interest of future professionals in joining those delegations has not been investigated. Objectives: Characterize the disposition towards international medical collaboration and identify the associated factors in Cuban students of Stomatology. Methods: A cross-sectional research and secondary data analytics was carried out in students of all years of the academic year 2018-2019, belonging to eight universities. The dependent variable was the report of the willingness to go on medical missions. Prevalence ratios and 95 percent confidence intervals were calculated. Results: 1174 students participated, of which 830 (71 percent) were willing to fulfill medical missions. There was a greater willingness towards medical collaboration as age increased (RPa: 1.02; 95 percent CI 1.00-1.04; p = 0.044); as well as, in students who reported family pressure to study the career (RPa: 1.17; 95 percent CI 1.09-1.26; p < 0.001). Those who reported good grades before entering college (RPa: 0.83; 95 percent CI 0.77-0.91; p < 0.001), those of economic solvency (RPa: 0.90; 95 percent CI 0.90-0.98; p = 0.019) and those who were in the third and fourth academic years (RPa: 0.93; 95 percent CI 0.88-0.97; p = 0.003) were those with the least willingness to collaborate; adjusted by sex and college. Conclusion: There is a high disposition towards international medical collaboration and it is associated with multiple social and educational aspects(AU)

Avaliação do conhecimento de dentistas de um município de Minas Gerais sobre o atendimento de pacientes com doença renal crônica / Evaluation of the knowledge of dentists in a municipality of Minas Gerais for the care of patients with chronic kidney disease

Introdução: Pacientes com doença renal crônica (DRC) apresentam uma maior suscetibilidade a infecções e sangramentos e podem manifestar variadas alterações bucais. Por isso, é essencial que o cirurgião-dentista possua os conhecimentos necessários para adequar suas condutas às particularidades apresentadas por esses pacientes. Objetivo: Avaliar, por meio da aplicação de um questionário, os conhecimentos e as condutas dos cirurgiões-dentistas atuantes no município de Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, ao prestarem atendimento a pacientes com DRC em hemodiálise. Material e Métodos: Estudo com abordagem quantitativa, de caráter observacional, transversal e analítico, realizado com 100 cirurgiões-dentistas atuantes no município de Juiz de Fora no período de abril a setembro de 2022. Resultados: 100 dentistas compuseram a amostra. Destes, 37% não se sentiriam confortáveis para realizarem procedimentos odontológicos invasivos em pacientes renais crônicos (PRC) em hemodiálise e 87% solicitariam algum exame laboratorial complementar previamente à realização desses procedimentos; 83% consideram importante o contato com o nefrologista do paciente para a obtenção de informações detalhadas acerca de sua condição sistêmica e aplicam isso em sua rotina clínica; 56% identificaram de forma correta as alterações bucais mais comumente encontradas em indivíduos com DRC em hemodiálise; 77% prescreveriam profilaxia antibiótica para PRC em hemodiálise diante de procedimentos invasivos, enquanto 22% prescreveriam para procedimentos não invasivos. Conclusão: A maioria dos cirurgiões-dentistas prescreve erroneamente a profilaxia antibiótica para PRC, o que demonstra desconhecimento do protocolo atual de emprego dessa terapia. Além disso, uma parcela dos profissionais se sente insegura ao atender esses pacientes. Portanto, evidencia-se a defasagem existente no conhecimento dos cirurgiões-dentistas quanto ao atendimento de pacientes com DRC, destacando-se a necessidade de dar maior enfoque a esse tema nas universidades e programas de pós-graduação, a fim de formar profissionais melhor capacitados para o atendimento dessa parcela da população.

Introduction: Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are more susceptible to infections and bleeding and may manifest various oral alterations. Therefore, it is essential that the dental surgeon has the necessary knowledge to adapt his conduct to the particularities presented by these patients. Objective: To evaluate, through the application of a questionnaire, the knowledge and behavior of dentists working in the city of Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, when providing care to patients with CKD on hemodialysis.Material and methods: Study with a quantitative, observational, cross-sectional and analytical approach, carried out with 100 dentists working in the city of Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, from April to September 2022. Results: 100 dentists composed the sample. Of these, 37% would not feel comfortable performing invasive dental procedures in chronic kidney patients (CKP) on hemodialysis and 87% would request some complementary laboratory test prior to performing these procedures; 83% consider it important to contact the patient's nephrologist to obtain detailed information about their systemic condition and apply this in their clinical routine; 56% correctly identified the oral alterations most commonly found in individuals with CKD undergoing hemodialysis; 77% would prescribe antibiotic prophylaxis for CKP in hemodialysis in the face of invasive procedures, while 22% would prescribe it for non-invasive procedures. Conclusion: Most dentists incorrectly prescribes antibiotic prophylaxis for chronic kidney patients, which demonstrates unfamiliarity of the actual protocol for using this therapy. In addition, a number of dentists feel insecure when assisting them and are unaware of the oral alterations most commonly found in CKP. Therefore, the existing gap in the knowledge of dentists regarding the care of patients with CKD is evident, highlighting the need to give greater focus to this theme in universities and postgraduate programs, in order to train better qualified professionals to serve this portion of the population.

Fundamentos metodológicos para investigación clínica en estomatología / Methodological basis for clinical research in stomatology

La investigación científica en Odontología es la herramienta clave para generar conocimiento y resolver problemas que conduzcan al desarrollo exponencial y progreso tecnológico de la profesión. A su vez, e indispensable el estudio epidemiológico y etiopatogénico de las enfermedades estomatológicas, factores de riesgo y manifestaciones orales relacionadas a la salud sistémica, para implementar estrategias sanitarias y establecer un adecuado manejo multidisciplinario. La odontología basada en evidencia (OBE) exige al profesional realizar una práctica informada, responsable, actualizada y soportada en una sólida base científica para la toma de decisiones y garantizar resultados altamente predecibles. La mayoría de los estudios clínicos en Odontología se realizan bajo el enfoque cuantitativo utilizando los diseños epidemiológicos; por lo que es necesario identificar la ruta ideal para resolver cada problema científico, la presente revisión comprende las bases metodológicas de investigación en Odontología, la clasificación de tipos de estudio y una perspectiva futura de investigación.

Scientific research in Dentistry is the key tool to generate knowledge and solve problems that lead to the exponential development and technological progress of the profession. At the same time, the epidemiological and etiopathogenic study of stomatological diseases, risk factors and oral manifestations related to systemic health is essential to implement health strategies and establish adequate multidisciplinary management. Evidence-based dentistry (OBE) requires the professional to carry out an informed, responsible, up-to-date practice supported by a solid scientific basis for decision-making and to guarantee highly predictable results. Most of the clinical studies in Dentistry are carried out under a quantitative approach using epidemiological designs; Therefore, it is necessary to identify the ideal route to solve each scientific problem. This review includes the methodological bases of research in Dentistry, the classification of study types and a future research perspective.

Formation of professor Mao Xiejun's thoughts on stomatological education / 中华口腔医学杂志

Professor Mao Xiejun wrote a report about dental education of China in 1935. From 1948 to 1950, he published three articles containing the educational idea of "developing dentistry into stomatology". When he served as the director of the Faculty of Dentistry of Peking University Medical School in July 1950, he proposed to rename the Faculty of Dentistry into the Faculty of Stomatology,which were approved by the Ministry of Health and the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China in one month. The Chinese Medical Association established the Society of Stomatology the next year. Later, dentistry was successively changed into stomatology, and medical content was integrated into dental education, which was of great significance and far-reaching influence. During the developments of the thought of stomatological education in China, Professor Mao Xiejun evidently played a pivotal role. In this paper, the formation process of the thoughts of stomatological education related to professor Mao Xiejun's contribution is elucidated through studying the archives, personal letters, and historical documents, so as to enrich the researches on the history of stomatology in China and to facilitate better understanding and promoting the development of stomatology.

Perceptions on using the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) among Malaysian private dentists: a qualitative study / Percepções sobre o uso do Sistema Internacional de Detecção e Avaliação de Cárie (ICDAS) entre dentistas privados da Malásia: um estudo qualitativo

Objetivo: explorar as percepções de dentistas particulares da Malásia sobre o uso do Sistema Internacional de Detecção e Avaliação de Cárie (ICDAS) em sua prática odontológica. Material e Métodos: este estudo qualitativo envolveu entrevistas individuais com doze clínicos gerais que trabalham no setor privado, que foram expostos ao treinamento ICDAS durante seu estudo de graduação. Uma amostra intencional foi realizada com dentistas particulares na Malásia de vários estados com intuito de refletir a diversidade. As entrevistas foram gravadas e transcritas. A análise dos dados foi realizada pela análise temática. Resultados: cinco barreiras principais foram identificadas durante o processo de codificação, ou seja, fatores como o tempo, falta de treinamento, o não planejamento do tratamento, dificuldades de registro e baixa conscientização do paciente sobre prevenção. Foram identificados como fatores facilitadores um melhor treinamento e uma forte exigência das autoridades para usar este sistema. Conclusão: dentistas particulares na Malásia encontraram uma infinidade de desafios na adoção do índice ICDAS. Portanto, é necessário fornecer treinamento e assistência adequados para entender os benefícios da utilização do sistema ICDAS e da informatização da entrada de dados (AU)

Objective: to explore the perceptions of Malaysian private dentists on the use of the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) in their dental practice. Material and Methods: this qualitative study involved individual interviews with twelve general dental practitioners working in the private sector, who has been exposed to ICDAS training during their undergraduate study. Purposive sampling was carried out among private dentists in Malaysia from various states to reflect diversity. The interviews were recorded and transcribed. Data analysis was conducted by thematic analysis. Results: five main barriers were identified through the coding process, namely time factors, lack of training, having no effect on treatment planning, charting difficulties, and low patient awareness on prevention. Better training and a strong requirement by the authorities to use this system were identified as the enabling factors. Conclusion: private dentists in Malaysia encountered a myriad of challenges in adopting the ICDAS index. Hence, it is necessary to provide adequate training and assistance in understanding the benefits of utilizing the ICDAS system, and computerization of data input (AU)

COVID-19 pandemic and impact on dental education: perception of Brazilian dental students

Aim: The aim of the present study is to assess the perception of undergraduate students on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Brazilian dental education. Methods: This crosssectional study was conducted using an online questionnaire hosted in Google Forms platform and publicized on Instagram® and Facebook®. The questionnaire was available between July 8-27, 2020. Absolute and relative frequencies were obtained for variables of interest using Pearson's chi-squared and considering 95% confidence intervals. Prevalence of learning resource variables according to self-reported skin color, educational institution, and Brazilian region were presented using equiplots. Results: A total of 1,050 undergraduate dental students answered the questionnaire. Most students reported being in full-distance learning mode. Among the undergraduate students, 65.4% reported perceiving a very high impact in dental education, and 16.6% of students reported not being able to follow distance learning. In addition, 14% reported not having a personal laptop or desktop to study with, with this condition being more prevalent among non-white than white individuals. Conclusion: We conclude that Brazilian dental students perceived a high impact of COVID-19 on dental education, as well as one-sixth of the students reported not having adequate resources to continue with distance learning. It is important that different policies are developed at the institutional and governmental levels to reduce the impact of the pandemic on dental education