ABSTRACT
SUMMARY: In this study we aimed to examine the effect of novel vasodilatory drug Riociguat co-administration along resveratrol to recover neurodegeneration in experimental stroke injury. For that purpose, thirty-five adult female rats were divided into five groups (Control, MCAO, MCAO + R, MCAO + BAY, MCAO + C) of seven animals in each. Animals in Control group did not expose to any application during the experiment and sacrificed at the end of the study. Rats in the rest groups exposed to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) induced ischemic stroke. MCAO + R group received 30 mg/kg resveratrol, and MCAO + BAY group received 10 mg/kg Riociguat. The MCAO + C group received both drugs simultaneously. The drugs were administered just before the reperfusion, and the additional doses were administered 24h, and 48h hours of reperfusion. All animals in this study were sacrificed at the 72nd hour of experiment. Total brains were received for analysis. Results of this experiment indicated that MCAO led to severe injury in cerebral structure. Bax, IL-6 and IL-1ß tissue levels were up-regulated, but anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 immunoexpression was suppressed (p<0.05). In resveratrol and Riociguat treated animals, the neurodegenerations and apoptosis and inflammation associated protein expressions were improved compared to MCAO group, but the most success was obtained in combined treatment exposed animals in MCAO + C group. This study indicated that the novel soluble guanylate stimulator Riociguat is not only a potent neuroprotective drug in MCAO induced stroke, but also synergistic administration of Riociguat along with resveratrol have potential to increase the neuroprotective effect of resveratrol in experimental cerebral stroke exposed rats.
En este estudio, nuestro objetivo fue examinar el efecto de la coadministración del nuevo fármaco vasodilatador Riociguat junto con resveratrol para recuperar la neurodegeneración en lesiones por ataques cerebrovasculares experimentales. Para ello, se dividieron 35 ratas hembras adultas en cinco grupos (Control, MCAO, MCAO + R, MCAO + BAY, MCAO + C) de siete animales en cada uno. Los animales del grupo control no fueron sometidos a ninguna aplicación durante el experimento y se sacrificaron al final del estudio. Las ratas de los grupos expuestas a la oclusión de la arteria cerebral media (MCAO) indujeron un ataque cerebrovascular isquémico. El grupo MCAO + R recibió 30 mg/kg de resveratrol y el grupo MCAO + BAY recibió 10 mg/kg de Riociguat. El grupo MCAO + C recibió ambos fármacos simultáneamente. Los fármacos se administraron antes de la reperfusión y las dosis adicionales se administraron a las 24 y 48 horas de la reperfusión. Todos los animales en este estudio fueron sacrificados a las 72 horas del experimento. Se recibieron cerebros totales para su análisis. Los resultados indicaron que la MCAO provocaba lesiones graves en la estructura cerebral. Los niveles tisulares de Bax, IL-6 e IL- 1ß estaban regulados positivamente, pero se suprimió la inmunoexpresión antiapoptótica de Bcl-2 (p <0,05). En los animales tratados con resveratrol y Riociguat, las neurodegeneraciones y las expresiones de proteínas asociadas a la apoptosis y la inflamación mejoraron en comparación con el grupo MCAO, sin embargo el mayor éxito se obtuvo en el tratamiento combinado de animales expuestos en el grupo MCAO + C. Este estudio indicó que el nuevo estimulador de guanilato ciclasa soluble Riociguat no solo es un fármaco neuroprotector potente en el ataque cerebrovascular inducido por MCAO, sino que también la administración sinérgica de Riociguat junto con resveratrol tiene el potencial para aumentar el efecto neuroprotector del resveratrol en ratas experimentales expuestas a un ataque cerebrovascular.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Rats , Pyrazoles/administration & dosage , Pyrimidines/administration & dosage , Stroke/drug therapy , Resveratrol/administration & dosage , Arterial Occlusive Diseases , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Immunohistochemistry , Interleukin-6/analysis , Apoptosis/drug effects , Neuroprotective Agents , Middle Cerebral Artery , Stroke/pathology , Enzyme Activators/administration & dosage , Models, Animal , Drug Therapy, Combination , Interleukin-1beta/analysis , Guanylate Cyclase/drug effects , InflammationABSTRACT
SUMMARY: Spinal cord injury (SCI) usually arises from compression due to traffic accidents and falls, resulting in varying degrees of movement, sensory loss, and possible paralysis. Glabridin (Gla) is a natural compound derived from licorice. It significantly affects drug development and medicine because of its anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, anti-tumoral, antibacterial, bone protective, cardiovascular protective, neuroprotective, liver protective, anti-obesity, and anti-diabetic properties. Various methods were employed to administer Gla to SCI mice in order to investigate its impact on the recovery of motor function. The mice were allocated into four cohorts using a randomization procedure. In the sham cohort, solely the lamina of vertebral arch was surgically exposed without causing any harm to the spinal cord tissue. Conversely, the injury cohort was subjected to spinal cord tissue damage and received no treatment thereafter. The mice in the remaining two cohorts received a dosage of 40 mg/kg Gla every two days via either intraperitoneal or intrathecal injection for a duration of 42 d following spinal cord injury. We conducted behavioral tests utilizing the Basso Mouse Scale score and gait analysis techniques. Magnetic resonance imaging and hematoxylin and eosin were employed to evaluate scar tissue formation. Systemic inflammation in mice was evaluated by employing an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Gla promoted motor function recovery in mice following SCI and improved the pathological environment in the damaged area. These alterations were more evident in mice subjected to the intrathecal injection method. Intraperitoneal injections appear to be more beneficial for controlling systemic inflammatory responses. Although more intensive studies are required, Gla exhibits promising clinical potential as a cost-effective dietary phytochemical.
La lesión de la médula espinal (LME) generalmente surge de la compresión producto de caídas y accidentes de tránsito, lo que resulta en alteraciones del movimiento, pérdida sensorial y posible parálisis. La Glabridina (Gla) es un compuesto natural derivado del regaliz, constituyéndose en un aporte significativo para el desarrollo de fármacos y la medicina debido a sus propiedades antiinflamatorias, antioxidantes, antitumorales, antibacterianas, osteoprotectoras, cardioprotectoras, neuroprotectoras, hepatoprotectoras, antidiabéticas y contra la obesidad. En el presente trabajo se emplearon varios métodos para administrar Gla a ratones con lesión medular con el fin de investigar su impacto en la recuperación de la función motora. Los ratones fueron distribuidos en cuatro grupos mediante un procedimiento de aleatorización. En el grupo simulado, únicamente se expuso quirúrgicamente la lámina del arco vertebral sin causar ningún daño al tejido de la médula espinal. Por el contrario, el grupo lesionado fue sometido a daño del tejido de la médula espinal, sin recibir tratamiento posterior. Los ratones de los dos grupos restantes recibieron una dosis de 40 mg/kg de Gla cada dos días mediante inyección intraperitoneal o intratecal durante 42 días después de la lesión de la médula espinal. Fueron realizadas pruebas de comportamiento utilizando la puntuación de la escala Basso Mouse y técnicas de análisis de la marcha. Se emplearon imágenes por resonancia magnética y se aplicaron tinciones histológicas (Hematoxilina & Eosina) en muestras para evaluar la formación de tejido cicatricial. La inflamación sistémica en ratones se evaluó mediante el empleo de un ensayo inmunoabsorbente ligado a enzimas. Gla promovió la recuperación de la función motora en ratones después de una lesión medular y mejoró el entorno patológico en el área dañada. Estas alteraciones fueron más evidentes en ratones sometidos al método de inyección intratecal. Las inyecciones intraperitoneales parecen ser más beneficiosas para controlar las respuestas inflamatorias sistémicas. Aunque se requieren estudios más intensivos, Gla exhibe un potencial clínico prometedor como fitoquímico dietético rentable.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Mice , Phenols/administration & dosage , Spinal Cord Injuries/drug therapy , Isoflavones/administration & dosage , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Cell Survival , Fluorescent Antibody Technique , Neuroprotective Agents , Recovery of Function , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Motor Activity/drug effectsABSTRACT
INTRODUCCIÓN: La comprensión del comportamiento de la respuesta humoral en COVID-19 continúa siendo un desafío para la producción de vacunas que proporcionen inmunidad más duradera. OBJETIVO: Describir la respuesta humoral natural inducida por SARS- CoV-2 en personal de salud con base en el perfil epidemiológico y clínico. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal en personal de salud de hospitales públicos de referencia del Departamento de Alto Paraná, Paraguay. Se incluyeron 962 participantes, mediante muestreo no probabilístico de tipo consecutivo, aplicación de cuestionario y toma de muestras sanguíneas. Se buscaron anticuerpos por ensayo inmunocromatográfico para detección de IgM e IgG contra SARS- CoV-2 y por el método ELISA de captura de IgG específicos contra la proteína spike (SARS-CoV-2) y se evaluaron factores asociados a la seropositividad. RESULTADOS: La seroprevalencia global fue 36,5% (IC 95%: 33,4 - 39,5); 59,3% (n: 571) de los encuestados refirió haber tenido síntomas compatibles al COVID-19 entre el inicio de la pandemia y la fecha de toma de muestra, de estos 44% (n: 251) resultó seropositivo; 10,4% (n: 100) manifestó no haber tenido síntomas en el periodo estudiado, pero tuvo un resultado positivo. Los factores asociados a la seropositividad fueron: presencia de síntomas (p 90 días). CONCLUSIONES: Las características clínicas fueron mayormente asociadas con la seropositividad y la seropreva- lencia en los sintomáticos varió de acuerdo con el tiempo transcurrido desde el inicio de los síntomas y la serología.
BACKGROUND: Understanding the behavior of humoral response in COVID-19 continues to be a challenge to produce vaccines that provide long-lasting immunity. AIM: To describe the natural humoral response induced by SARS-CoV-2 among healthcare workers based on epidemiological and clinical profiles. METHODS: Cross-sectional study in healthcare workers from public hospitals in the Department of Alto Paraná, Paraguay, 962 participants were recruited through consecutive sampling, using a questionnaire and blood sampling. Antibodies were determined by immunochromatography assay for detection of IgM and IgG and by SARS-CoV-2 IgG anti-spike capture ELISA method and factors associated with seropositivity were evaluated. RESULTS: The overall seropositivity was 36.5% (95% CI: 33.4 - 39.5); 59.3% (n: 571) of respondents reported symptoms compatible with COVID-19 since the start of the pandemic and the date of blood draw, 44% (n: 251) of them tested positive; 10.4% (n: 100) who reported no history of symptoms tested positive. The factors associated with seropositivity were the presence of symptoms (p 90 days). CONCLUSIONS: Clinical characteristics were mostly associated with seropositivity and sero prevalence in symptomatic participants varied according to the time elapsed from the onset of symptoms to serology.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Health Personnel , SARS-CoV-2/immunology , COVID-19/immunology , COVID-19/epidemiology , Paraguay , Immunoglobulin G/immunology , Immunoglobulin M/immunology , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Cross-Sectional Studies , Multivariate Analysis , Surveys and Questionnaires , Chromatography, Affinity , Vaccination , Immunity, HumoralABSTRACT
To study the effect of 50% ethanol extract of Bougainvillea xbuttiana on the enzymatic activity, cell via bility and cytokine production provoked by the venom of Bothrops jararaca in macro - phages. Three assays were used to study the effects of B. xbuttiana extract on the damage pro - duced by B. jararaca : Enzymatic activity was detected by measuring the proteoly tic and phos - pholipase A2; macrophages cytotoxicity was determined by the MTT method; levels of cytokine were evaluated using ELISA and a biological assay. After treatment with 300 µg/mL B. xbuttiana extract for 30 min, the proteolytic and phospholipase A2 activities of the venom were reduced to 95 and 61%, respectively. In macrophages cultures treated with B. xbuttiana extract combined with venom, the production of TNF - α, IL - 6 and IFN - γ was reduced, whereas IL - 10 was potenti - ated. Our results support the potential effect of the B. xbuttiana extract as a complementary therapy against the toxicity caused by the venom of B . jararaca snakes
Estudiar el efecto del extracto etanólico al 50% de Bougainvillea xbuttiana sobre la actividad enzimática viabilidad celular y producci ón de citoquinas provocada por el veneno de Bothrops jararaca en macrófagos Se utilizaron tres ensayos para estudiar los efectos del extracto de B. xbuttiana sobre el daño producido por B. jararaca : Se detectó actividad enzimática mediante la medición del proteolítico y fosfolipasa A2; la citotoxicidad de los macrófagos se determinó por el método MTT; Los niveles de citoquinas se evaluaron utilizando ELISA y un ensayo biológico. Después del tratamiento con 300 µg/mL de extracto de B. xbuttiana durante 30 mi n, las actividades proteolíticas y de fosfolipasa A2 del veneno se redujeron a 95 y 61%, respectivamente. En cultivos de macrófagos tratados con extracto de B. xbuttiana combinado con veneno, la producción de TNF - α, IL - 6 e IFN - γ se redujeron, mientras que IL - 10 se potenció. Nuestros resultados apoyan el efecto potencial del extracto de B. xbuttiana como terapia complementaria frente a la toxicidad provocada por el veneno de B. jararaca .
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Mice , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Crotalid Venoms/antagonists & inhibitors , Nyctaginaceae/chemistry , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Cell Survival/drug effects , Cytokines , Crotalid Venoms/enzymology , Ethanol , Phospholipases A2 , Macrophages/drug effects , Mice, Inbred BALB CABSTRACT
@#Here, we present a 40-year-old female with multiple pruritic occasionally painful vesicles, papules, and plaques in a circinate pattern on seborrheic areas, progressing to erosions and scales. Clinical findings led to the diagnosis of pemphigus foliaceus (PF). Initial treatment with prednisone and clobetasol ointment, however, did not fully suppress blister formation and healing of erosions. Skin punch biopsy revealed a subcorneal split and intracorneal neutrophilic infiltrates, while enzymelinked immunoassay (ELISA) revealed elevated anti-desmoglein 1 (Dsgl), consistent with PF. Doxycycline was then added to the previous regimen, resulting in remission. We discuss the role of doxycycline as a cost-effective adjunctive treatment in patients with refractory PF.
Subject(s)
Pemphigus , Clobetasol , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent AssayABSTRACT
Introduction@#Epidermolysis Bullosa Pruriginosa (EBP) is a rare subtype of the inherited Dystrophic ~ Epidermolysis Bullosa spectrum of diseases and results from a gene mutation in COL7AL Though predominantly an autosomal dominant disease, autosomal recessive and even sporadic have been reported. @*Case Summary@#Case Summary:We report a case of a 12-year-old Filipino male presenting with a chronic history of numerous scratching-induced blisters predominantly distributed on the extensor aspect of his arms and legs without concomitant oral lesions, nail dystrophy, or hair findings, and without a family history of similar lesions. Histopathologic assessment, Direct Immunofluorescence (DIF), and Indirect Immunofiuorescence (IIF) showed a subepidermal split with scant inflammatory infiltrates, no immunofluorescence, and absent userrated linear immunofluorescence at the dermal-side of the Salt Split Skin slide, respectively, which were all consistent with EBP. Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) for Anti-Collagen VII antibodies was slightly elevated, which may suggest an alternative diagnosis of Epidermolysis Bullosa Acquisita (EBA). This slight elevation may be due to the mutated Collagen Vil protein becoming antigenic and therefore provoking an immune response. To conclusively distinguish EBP from EBA, a COL7AI gene mutation analysis was recommended. With a diagnosis of EBP cannot totally rule out EBA, the patient was initially managed with dapsone monotherapy, counseled regarding behavioral modification to reduce scratching and trauma, advised wound care and close monitoring for the development of oropharyngeal lesions, and recommended for COL7A1 genetic mutation analysis.@*Conclusion@#This report demonstrates a case of EBP with elevated Anti-Collagen VII antibodies. The diistinction between EBP and EBA is important because this changes the management: EBP is largely supportive, while EBA may benefit from immunosuppressive therapy.
Subject(s)
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Epidermolysis Bullosa AcquisitaABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the correlation between alterations in DNase1 and DNase1L3 enzyme activities and impairment of NET degradation in patients with sporadic SLE, and to investigate the underlying mechanism. Methods 46 sporadic SLE patients and 30 age- and sex-matched healthy individuals were recruited. Serum levels of DNase1, DNase1L3 and corresponding autoantibodies were detected by ELISA. DNase1 and DNase1L3 were isolated by immunoprecipitation; NETs and enzyme degradation activities were detected using a modified immunofluorescence. DNase1L3 secretion by PBMCs was analyzed by ELISPOT, Western blotting and reverse transcription PCR. Results Levels of H3-dsDNA and Ela-dsDNA complexes were significantly elevated in SLE patients. LDGs in SLE population was significantly higher than in the control group, and LDGs was positively correlated with H3-dsDNA and Ela-dsDNA NETs complexes. The ability of SLE patients to degrade NET in vitro was significantly lower than that of the control group. Degradation experiments of DNase1 and DNase1L3 in different proportions showed that the decrease in DNase1L3 activity was the primary contributor to the elevated NET residue level. The concentration of DNase1L3 autoantibodies in SLE patients was significantly elevated compared to the control group. In addition, the capacity of PBMCs to secrete DNase1L3 was significantly lower in the SLE patients compared to the control group. Conclusion Decreased secretion of DNase1L3 and the presence of relevant autoantibodies notably impede NET degradation in patients with SLE, offering new directions for the monitoring and treatment of SLE patients.
Subject(s)
Humans , Autoantibodies , Blotting, Western , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Extracellular Traps , Lupus Erythematosus, SystemicABSTRACT
Sheep industry is of great importance in the economy. Infectious diseases of ruminants are an economic threat and can cause massive damage globally. Peste des petits ruminants and brucellosis are two diseases that affect sheep and cause great economic losses. The live attenuated peste des petits ruminants vaccine induces strong immunity and high protection against this disease. On the other hand, the live attenuated Brucella melitensis Rev-1 vaccine represents one of the best choices for controlling Brucella diseases. In the present study, the newly prepared bivalent vaccine against peste des petits ruminants and Brucella Rev-1 from local isolates was studied in comparison with the monovalent vaccines against each disease. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and seroneutralization test were used for serological evaluation of the immune response in the vaccinated sheep groups; the prepared bivalent vaccine induced higher antibody titers than the monovalent vaccines and the protective antibody titer was detected 3-4 weeks after vaccination. The bivalent vaccine can provide excellent protection to sheep against peste des petits ruminants and Brucella melitensis compared to monovalent vaccines(AU)
La industria ovina tiene una gran importancia en la economía. Las enfermedades infecciosas de los rumiantes son una amenaza a la economía y pueden causar daños masivos en todo el mundo. La peste de pequeños rumiantes y la brucelosis son dos enfermedades que afectan al ganado ovino y causan grandes pérdidas económicas. La vacuna viva atenuada contra la peste de pequeños rumiantes induce una fuerte inmunidad y una elevada protección contra esta enfermedad. Por otra parte, la vacuna viva atenuada contra Brucella melitensis Rev-1 representa una de las mejores opciones para controlar las enfermedades causadas por Brucella. En el presente trabajo se estudió la vacuna bivalente preparada contra la peste de pequeños rumiantes y Brucella Rev-1 a partir de aislados locales, en comparación con las vacunas monovalentes contra cada enfermedad. Para la evaluación serológica de la respuesta inmunitaria en los grupos de ovejas vacunadas se utilizaron el ensayo inmunoenzimático y la prueba de seroneutralización; la vacuna bivalente preparada indujo títulos de anticuerpos más elevados que las vacunas monovalentes y el título de anticuerpos protectores se detectó a las 3-4 semanas después de la vacunación. La vacuna bivalente puede proporcionar una excelente protección a los ovinos contra la peste de pequeños rumiantes y Brucella melitensis en comparación con las vacunas monovalentes(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Neutralization Tests/methods , Vaccines, Combined/therapeutic use , Peste-des-petits-ruminants virus , Brucellosis, Bovine/virology , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/methodsABSTRACT
Resumen Objetivo: Establecer un inmunoensayo semicuantitativo para la detección de anticuerpos contra el dominio de unión al receptor de la proteína de espícula del coronavirus del síndrome respiratorio agudo grave tipo 2 y la evaluación de su desempeño como herramienta de apoyo diagnóstico. Métodos: Se generó una proteína recombinante del dominio de unión a receptor de la proteína de espícula del coronavirus del síndrome respiratorio agudo grave tipo 2. Dicha proteína se empleó como sustrato antigénico en la estandarización de dos ensayos semicuantitativos por inmunoadsorción ligados a enzima para la detección de inmunoglobulinas M e inmunoglobulinas G humanas. Se utilizó un conjunto de muestras de suero positivas (n=129), provenientes de donantes voluntarios con infección previa por el virus SARS-CoV-2, confirmada mediante reacción en cadena de la polimerasa con transcriptasa reversa, y tomadas entre agosto de 2020 y noviembre de 2021. Además, se empleó un panel de muestras prepandémicas negativas (n=196) obtenidas antes de diciembre de 2019 para la evaluación del desempeño de los ensayos; se recibieron muestras múltiples seriadas de 99 donantes voluntarios para examinar la respuesta de la prueba ante la seroconversión y se estudió la posible asociación entre las seropositividades por coronavirus del síndrome respiratorio agudo grave tipo 2 y por el virus del dengue para la evaluación de reacciones cruzadas inespecíficas. Resultados: El ensayo de detección de inmunoglobulina G mostró 81.4 % de sensibilidad, 86.2 % de especificidad y valores predictivos positivos y negativos de 79.5 % y 87.6 % respectivamente. Por su parte, el ensayo de detección de inmunoglobulina M mostró solamente 72.1 % de sensibilidad, 54.1 % de especificidad y valores predictivos positivos y negativos de 25.6 % y 89.8 % respectivamente. No se encontraron diferencias significativas entre las mediciones semicuantitativas según sexo ni correlación lineal entre esta variable y la edad. Los valores obtenidos para el inmunoensayo presentaron diferencias significativas según el autorreporte de presencia o ausencia de síntomas compatibles con COVID-19. No se encontró correlación entre las seropositividades contra el coronavirus del síndrome respiratorio agudo grave tipo 2 y el virus del dengue. El ensayo de detección de inmunoglobulina G generó valores inferiores pero constantes en muestras de donantes voluntarios que autorreportaron no haber tenido contacto con el virus SARS-CoV-2. En contraste, las muestras de donantes expuestos al virus SARS-CoV-2 mostraron valores elevados pero variables en magnitud. Además, se observaron valores elevados y variables en muestras de voluntarios vacunados o con infección previa. Conclusiones: Nuestro ensayo de detección de inmunoglobulina M presenta escaso valor diagnóstico. Por el contrario, el ensayo de detección de inmunoglobulina G muestra un rendimiento satisfactorio y se apega al comportamiento reportado para este tipo de prueba según las características demográficas y clínicas de los usuarios; por lo tanto, este ensayo podría ser empleado como herramienta fiable y práctica en aplicaciones clínicas y como apoyo al diagnóstico. Es necesario desarrollar más estudios sobre reacciones cruzadas entre los anticuerpos contra el coronavirus del síndrome respiratorio agudo grave tipo 2 con aquellos de otras entidades de interés clínico, sobre todo las presentes en países tropicales como el nuestro.
Abstract Aim: To establish a semiquantitative immunoassay for antibody detection against the RBD of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 spike protein and to evaluate its performance to be used as a diagnostic supporting tool. Methods: A recombinant severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 spike protein was produced. This protein was used as antigenic substrate in two semiquantitative enzyme-linked immunoassays for the detection of human immunoglobulins M and immunoglobulins G. A set of serum samples (N=129) from patients with prior viral infection confirmed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, processed between August 2020 and November 2021, were used as positive samples. A panel of pre-pandemic samples (N=196), obtained prior to December 2019, were used as negative samples to evaluate the assay performance. Multiple samples from 99 volunteers were used to examine test response to seroconversion. The interference between seropositivity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and dengue virus was also evaluated. Results: The immunoglobulin G detection assay showed 81.4% sensitivity, 86.2% specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of 79.5% and 87.6% respectively. The immunoglobulin M detection assay yielded 72.1% sensitivity, 54.1% specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of 25.6% and 89.8% respectively. No significant differences were found between the measurements according to sex or linear correlation between this variable and age. The values presented significant differences according to the condition of self-reported presence or absence of COVID-19 like symptoms. No correlation was found between seropositivity for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and dengue virus. The immunoglobulin G detection assay generated lower but constant values on samples from voluntary donors who reported not having any contact with the virus compared to samples from donors exposed to it, and high but variable values in magnitude on samples from vaccinated volunteers or those with previous severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection compared to samples from donors without exposure to the viral antigen. Conclusions: Our established immunoglobulin M detection assay presents poor diagnostic value. On the other hand, the immunoglobulin G detection assay shows satisfactory performance, and coheres to the behavior reported for this type of test according to the demographic and clinic characteristics of the volunteer, so it could be used as a reliable and practical tool in clinical applications and as diagnostic complement. It is necessary to develop more studies on cross-reactions of antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 with other entities of clinical interest and present in our tropical area.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Immunoassay , SARS-CoV-2/immunology , Immunoglobulin G/analysis , Immunoglobulin M/analysis , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/trends , Costa Rica , COVID-19ABSTRACT
SUMMARY: Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is induced by nucleus pulposus (NP) dysfunction as a result of massive loss of NP cells. It has been reported that the acidic microenvironment of the intervertebral disc (IVD) can induce NP cell pyroptosis, and that up-regulation of periostin (POSTN) expression has a negative effect on NP cell survival. However, the relationship between the acidic environment, POSTN expression level and NP cell pyroptosis is unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the relationship between acidic environment and POSTN expression level in NP cells, as well as the effect of POSTN in acidic environment on NP cell pyroptosis. NP cells were obtained from the lumbar vertebrae of Sprague Dawley (SD) male rats. These cells were divided into normal and acidic groups according to whether they were exposed to 6 mM lactic acid solution. And NP cells in the acidic group were additionally divided into three groups: (1) Blank group: no transfection; (2) NC group: cells transfected with empty vector plasmid; (3) sh-POSTN group: cells transfected with sh-POSTN plasmid to knock down the expression level of POSTN. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blot was performed to assess the expression of POSTN at the mRNAand protein levels. CCK8 was used to evaluate cell survival. Western blot, in addition, was performed to examine acid-sensing ion channels (ASIC)-related proteins. And pyroptosis was detected by ELISA and western blot. The expression level of POSTN was significantly increased in NP cells in acidic environment. Knockdown of POSTN expression promoted the survival of NP cells in acidic environment and reduced the protein levels of ASIC3 and ASIC1a in NP cells. Moreover, knockdown of POSTN expression decreased the pyroptosis proportion of NP cells and the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18. The levels of pyroptosis-related proteins NLRP3, ASC, cleaved-Caspase-1, and cleaved-GSDMD were also affected by the decreased POSTN expression. The extracellular acidic environment created by lactic acid solution activated NLRP3 inflammatory vesicle-induced caspase-1 to get involved in NP cell pyroptosis by up-regulating POSTN expression.
La degeneración del disco intervertebral (DDIV) es inducida por una disfunción del núcleo pulposo (NP) como resultado de una pérdida masiva de células NP. Se ha informado que el microambiente ácido del disco intervertebral (DIV) puede inducir la piroptosis de las células NP y que la regulación positiva de la expresión de periostina (POSTN) tiene un efecto negativo en la supervivencia de las células NP. Sin embargo, la relación entre el ambiente ácido, el nivel de expresión de POSTN y la piroptosis de las células NP es poco clara. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este estudio fue explorar la relación entre el ambiente ácido y el nivel de expresión de POSTN en células NP, así como el efecto de POSTN en ambiente ácido sobre la piroptosis de las células NP. Las células NP se obtuvieron de las vertebras lumbares de ratas macho Sprague Dawley (SD). Estas células se dividieron en grupos normales y ácidos según se expusieron a una solución de ácido láctico 6 mM. Las células NP en el grupo ácido se dividieron adicionalmente en tres grupos: (1) Grupo en blanco: sin transfección; (2) grupo NC: células transfectadas con plásmido vector vacío; (3) grupo sh-POSTN: células transfectadas con plásmido sh-POSTN para reducir el nivel de expresión de POSTN. Se realizó una PCR cuantitativa en tiempo real (qRT-PCR) y una transferencia Western para evaluar la expresión de POSTN en los niveles de ARNm y proteína. Se utilizó CCK8 para evaluar la supervivencia celular. Además, se realizó una transferencia Western para examinar las proteínas relacionadas con los canales iónicos sensibles al ácido (ASIC). La piroptosis se detectó mediante ELISA y Western blot. El nivel de expresión de POSTN aumentó significativamente en células NP en ambiente ácido. La eliminación de la expresión de POSTN promovió la supervivencia de las células NP en un ambiente ácido y redujo los niveles de proteína de ASIC3 y ASIC1a en las células NP. Además, la eliminación de la expresión de POSTN disminuyó la proporción de piroptosis de las células NP y los niveles de citocinas proinflamatorias interleucina (IL) - 1β e IL-18. Los niveles de proteínas relacionadas con la piroptosis NLRP3, ASC, Caspasa-1 escindida y GSDMD escindida también se vieron afectados por la disminución de la expresión de POSTN. El ambiente ácido extracelular creado por la solución de ácido láctico activó la caspasa-1 inducida por vesículas inflamatorias NLRP3 para involucrarse en la piroptosis de las células NP mediante la regulación positiva de la expresión de POSTN.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Acids/chemistry , Cell Adhesion Molecules/metabolism , Intervertebral Disc Degeneration , Nucleus Pulposus/physiopathology , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Cell Adhesion Molecules/genetics , Cell Survival , Blotting, Western , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Environment , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction , Nucleus Pulposus/cytology , NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 ProteinABSTRACT
The lack of effective conventional therapie s against dengue has created an interest in herbal preparations as alternative therapies. In the present study, in vitro effects of Cordia curassavica essential oil (EO) on both dengue virus replication and cytokine production were examined. Predictions of molecular interactions between EO compounds and virus and cell proteins were performed with AutoDock Vina. The EO inhibited replication of dengue virus serotypes at IC 50 < 30 µg/mL, and it reduced 87% TNF - α, 67% IL - 8 and 46% IFN - α in LPS - stimulated PBMCs. The main EO compounds were trans - ß - caryophyllene (21.4%), germacrene D (17.8%), α - copaene (16.5%), trans - ß - guaiene (8.2%), and α - pinene (6.0%). The first two compounds, δ - cadinene, α - muurolene, α - cubebene and ß - burbonene were coupled to proteins involved in the TLR - 4 cytokine effector pathway. 3,7 - Guaiadiene was coupled to the viral E and C proteins. This study demonstrates the potential of C. curassavica EO as a starting point for discovering novel therapeutic for dengue.
La falta de terapias eficaces para el dengue ha suscitado interés por preparados herbales como terapias alternativas. En el presente estudio se examinaron efectos in vitro del aceite e sencial (AE) de Cordia curassavica sobre la replicación del virus dengue y producción de citoquinas. Se realizaron predicciones de interacciones moleculares entre los compuestos del AE y proteínas virales y celulares con AutoDock Vina. El AE inhibió la rep licación de serotipos del virus a CI 50 < 30 µg/mL y redujo 87% TNF - α, 67% IL - 8 y 46% IFN - α en MNCP. Los principales compuestos del AE fueron trans - ß - cariofileno, germacreno D, α - copaeno, trans - ß - guaieno y α - pineno. Los dos primeros compuestos, el δ - cadineno, el α - muuroleno, el α - cubebeno y el ß - burboneno se acoplaron a proteínas implicadas en la vía efectora de citoquinas TLR - 4. El 3,7 - guaiadiene se acopló a las proteínas virales E y C. Este estudio demuestra el potencial del AE de C. curassavica como punto de partida para descubrir nuevas tera pias para el dengue.
Subject(s)
Virus Replication/drug effects , Oils, Volatile/pharmacology , Cytokines , Cordia/chemistry , Dengue Virus/drug effects , Terpenes/analysis , In Vitro Techniques , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Oils, Volatile/chemistry , Phytotherapeutic Drugs , Gas Chromatography-Mass SpectrometryABSTRACT
SUMMARY: The 12C6+ heavy ion beam irradiation can cause bystander effects. The inflammatory cytokines, endocrine hormones and apoptotic proteins may be involved in 12C6+ irradiation-induced bystander effects. This study characterized the protective effects and mechanisms of Huangqi decoction (HQD) against 12C6+ radiation induced bystander effects. Wistar rats were randomly divided into control, 12C6+ heavy ion irradiation model, and high-dose/medium-dose/low-dose HQD groups. HE staining assessed the pathological changes of brain and kidney. Peripheral blood chemical indicators as well as inflammatory factors and endocrine hormones were detected. Apoptosis was measured with TUNEL. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression was determined with real-time PCR and Western blot.Irradiation induced pathological damage to the brain and kidney tissues. After irradiation, the numbers of white blood cells (WBC) and monocyte, and the expression of interleukin (IL)-2, corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and PCNA decreased. The damage was accompanied by increased expression of IL-1β, IL-6, corticosterone (CORT) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) as well as increased neuronal apoptosis. These effects were indicative of radiation-induced bystander effects. Administration of HQD attenuated the pathological damage to brain and kidney tissues, and increased the numbers of WBC, neutrophils, lymphocyte and monocytes, as well as the expression of IL-2, CRH and PCNA. It also decreased the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, CORT and ACTH as well as neuronal apoptosis. HQD exhibits protective effects against 12C6+ radiation-induced bystander effects. The underlying mechanism may involve the promotion of the production of peripheral blood cells, inhibition of inflammatory factors and apoptosis, and regulation of endocrine hormones.
La irradiación con haz de iones pesados 12C6+ puede provocar efectos secundarios. Las citoquinas inflamatorias, las hormonas endocrinas y las proteínas apoptóticas pueden estar involucradas en los efectos secundarios inducidos por la irradiación 12C6+. Este estudio caracterizó los efectos y mecanismos protectores de la decocción de Huangqi (HQD) contra los efectos externos inducidos por la radiación 12C6+. Las ratas Wistar se dividieron aleatoriamente en grupos control, modelo de irradiación de iones pesados 12C6+ y grupos de dosis alta/media/baja de HQD. La tinción con HE evaluó los cambios patológicos del cerebro y el riñón. Se detectaron indicadores químicos de sangre periférica, así como factores inflamatorios y hormonas endocrinas. La apoptosis se midió con TUNEL. La expresión del antígeno nuclear de células en proliferación (PCNA) se determinó mediante PCR en tiempo real y transferencia Western blot. La irradiación indujo daños patológicos en los tejidos cerebrales y renales. Después de la irradiación, disminuyó el número de glóbulos blancos (WBC) y monocitos, y la expresión de interleucina (IL)-2, hormona liberadora de corticotropina (CRH) y PCNA. El daño estuvo acompañado por una mayor expresión de IL-1β, IL-6, corticosterona (CORT) y hormona adrenocorticotrópica (ACTH), así como un aumento de la apoptosis neuronal. Estas alteraciones fueron indicativas de efectos inducidos por la radiación. La administración de HQD atenuó el daño patológico a los tejidos cerebrales y renales, y aumentó el número de leucocitos y monocitos, así como la expresión de IL-2, CRH y PCNA. También disminuyó la expresión de IL-1β, IL-6, CORT y ACTH, así como la apoptosis neuronal. HQD exhibe mecanismos protectores contra los efectos externos inducidos por la radiación 12C6+. El mecanismo subyacente puede implicar la promoción de la producción de células sanguíneas periféricas, la inhibición de factores inflamatorios y la apoptosis y la regulación de hormonas endocrinas.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Rats , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Protective Agents/administration & dosage , Heavy Ions/adverse effects , Scutellaria baicalensis/chemistry , Brain/drug effects , Brain/radiation effects , Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Rats, Wistar , Apoptosis/drug effects , Apoptosis/radiation effects , Adrenocorticotropic Hormone , Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen , Endocrine System/drug effects , Endocrine System/radiation effects , Immunologic Factors/antagonists & inhibitors , Kidney/drug effects , Kidney/radiation effectsABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Doege-Potter syndrome is a rare clinical entity characterized by recurrent hypoglycemic events caused by non-pancreatic tumors secreting an incompletely processed high-molecular-weight form of Insulin-like Growth factor-II (IGF-II). AIM: To report IGF-II and IGF-I circulating levels in a Chilean case of Doege-Potter syndrome and control individuals, and to identify the high-molecular-weight form of IGF-II. METHODS: We measured IGF-II and IGF-I plasma levels using enzyme-linked immunoassays (ELISA) in the patient and ten controls. We identified the high-molecular-weight form of IGF-II performed by Western blot. RESULTS: The plasma concentration of IGF-II in the patient was 868.9 ng/mL, which is only slightly > 80th percentile of controls (681,4 ± 212,8 ng/mL; mean ± standard deviation). In contrast, IGF-I plasma concentration in the patient was 17.6 ng/mL, which is notoriously lower than the corresponding levels in controls (109.1 ± 19.1 ng/mL). The IGF-II/IGF-I ratio in the patient was 49.4 (normal value < 10), which is 7.8 times higher compared to the average ratio of controls (6.3 ± 1.5). The high-molecular form of IGF-II presence in samples was confirmed through Western blot. CONCLUSIONS: The plasma IGF-II/IGF-I ratio better indicates the Doege-Potter syndrome's metabolic impairment than isolated measurements of circulating IGF-II or IGF-I levels.
INTRODUCCIÓN: El síndrome de Doege-Potter es una rara entidad clínica caracterizada por eventos hipoglicémicos recurrentes causados por tumores no-pancreáticos que secretan una forma incompletamente procesada con alto peso molecular del factor de crecimiento similar a la insulina-II (IGF-II). OBJETIVO: Reportar los niveles circulantes de IGF-II e IGF-I en un caso chileno de síndrome de Doege-Potter y en controles, así como identificar la forma de alto peso molecular de IGF-II. MÉTODOS: Los niveles plasmáticos de IGF-II e IGF-I se determinaron mediante inmunoensayos de tipo ELISA en el caso índice y en 10 controles. La forma de alto peso molecular de IGF-II se identificó mediante western-blot. RESULTADOS: La concentración plasmática de IGF-II en el paciente fue de 868,9 ng/mL, que es sólo ligeramente superior al percentil 80 del grupo control (681,4 ± 212,8 ng/mL; media ± desviación estándar). Sin embargo, la concentración plasmática de IGF-I en el paciente fue de 17,6 ng/ mL, que es notoriamente inferior a la de los controles (109,1 ± 19,1 ng/mL). La razón IGF-II/IGF-I en el paciente fue de 49,4 (valor normal < 10), que es 7,8 veces superior a la media de los controles (6,3 ± 1,5). La presencia de la forma de alto peso molecular de IGF-II se confirmó mediante western-blot. CONCLUSIONES: La razón IGF-II/IGF-I en plasma es un mejor indicador de las alteraciones metabólicas del síndrome de Doege-Potter que las mediciones aisladas de IGF-II o IGF-I circulantes.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/analysis , Insulin-Like Growth Factor II/analysis , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Case-Control Studies , Chile , Blotting, WesternABSTRACT
Antecedentes: El ejercicio de alta intensidad induce hipertrofia miocárdica necesaria para adaptar al corazón a la mayor demanda de trabajo. Se desconoce si correr una maratón induce de forma aguda factores humorales asociados al desarrollo de hipertrofia miocárdica en atletas. Objetivo: Evaluar cardiotrofina-1 (CT1) y el factor de crecimiento análogo a insulina-1 (IGF-1), conocidos inductores de hipertrofia, en maratonistas previo y justo después de correr una maratón y su relación con hipertrofia cardíaca. Métodos: Estudio prospectivo ciego simple de atletas hombres que corrieron la maratón de Santiago. Se incluyó un grupo control sedentario. En todos los sujetos se realizó un ecocardiograma transtorácico estándar. Los niveles de CT1 e IGF-1 se determinaron en plasma obtenidos antes (basal) y justo después de haber terminado (antes de 15 minutos) la maratón, usando test de ELISA. Resultados: Los atletas tenían frecuencias cardíacas menores que los controles, asociado con una mayor hipertrofia miocárdica, determinado por el grosor del septo y pared posterior del corazón, y volúmenes del ventrículo y aurícula izquierda. Los niveles basales de CT1 e IGF-1 fueron similares entre atletas y controles sedentarios. El correr la maratón aumentó los niveles de estas dos hormonas en un subgrupo de atletas. Solo los atletas que incrementaron los niveles de IGF-1, pero no de CT1, tenían volúmenes de ventrículo izquierdo y derecho más grandes que los otros atletas. Conclusiones: IGF-1 que se incrementa de forma aguda por el ejercicio, pero no CT1, estaría asociado con el aumento de los volúmenes ventriculares observado en los atletas.
Background: High intensity exercise induces the development of myocardial hypertrophy necessary to adapt the heart to the increased work demand. Whether running a marathon is associated with acutely induced humoral factors responsible for the development of myocardial hypertrophy observed in athletes is not known. Objective: To evaluate the levels of cardiotrophin-1 (CT1) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), known hypertrophy inducers, in marathon runners before and just after running a marathon and their relationship with cardiac hypertrophy. Methodology: Single-blind prospective study of male athletes who ran the Santiago's marathon. A sedentary control group was included. All subjects underwent a standard transthoracic echocardiogram. CT1 and IGF-1 levels were determined in plasma obtained before (basal) and just after finishing (within 15 min) the marathon using ELISA assays. Results: Athletes had lower heart rates than controls, associated with greater myocardial hypertrophy, as determined by thickness of the heart's septum and posterior wall, and left atrial and ventricular volumes. Basal CT1 and IGF-1 levels were similar between athletes and sedentary controls. Marathon running increased the levels of these two hormones in a subgroup of athletes. Only the athletes who increased IGF-1 levels, but not CT1, had larger left and right ventricular volumes. Conclusion: IGF-1 acutely increased by exercise, but not CT1, was associated with the augmented ventricular volumes observed in athletes.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/analysis , Cytokines/analysis , Athletes , Cardiomegaly, Exercise-Induced , Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/physiology , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Echocardiography , Single-Blind Method , Prospective Studies , Cytokines/physiologyABSTRACT
INTRODUCCIÓN: Desde el inicio de la pandemia por COVID-19 se han registrado casos de infecciones de aspergilosis pulmonar asociada a esta infección, la cual tiene características diferentes a la aspergilosis pulmonar clásica y, por lo tanto, han significado un desafío diagnóstico. OBJETIVO: Validar una reacción de polimerasa en cadena (RPC) en tiempo real (sigla en inglés RT-PCR) comercial, como herramienta diagnóstica alternativa a la técnica de galactomanano (GM) en el diagnóstico de aspergilosis pulmonar asociada a COVID-19 (sigla en inglés CAPA). PACIENTES Y MÉTODO: Se analizaron resultados de RT-PCR de Aspergillus spp y GM en lavado bronco-alveolar (LBA) de 72 pacientes, hospitalizados por COVID-19 de Clínica Dávila entre los años 2020 y 2021. De estos pacientes, 33 presentaron CAPA. RESULTADOS: La RT-PCR de Aspergillus y GM presentaron una correlación positiva (r = 0,6351, valor p < 0,0001). La técnica de RT-PCR presentó una sensibilidad (S), especificidad (E), valor predictor positivo (VPP) y valor predictor negativo (VPN) de 100, 44, 66 y 100%, respectivamente, mientras que en GM fueron de 64, 89, 84 y 73%, respectivamente para LBA. Al utilizar ambas técnicas en combinación se obtuvo una S, E, VPP y VPN de 100, 82, 88 y 100%, respectivamente. CONCLUSIÓN: Este estudio concluyó que usar una técnica de RT-PCR de Aspergillus y GM en conjunto en LBA mejoraron los parámetros de desempeño de ambas técnicas usadas de manera individual para diagnosticar CAPA. Se requieren más estudios para evaluar el desempeño de técnicas combinadas en otros tipos de aspergilosis.
BACKGROUND: Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, there have been cases of pulmonary aspergillosis infections associated with this infection, which has different characteristics from classical pulmonary aspergillosis and therefore, have been diagnostic challenges. AIM: To validate a commercial real-time PCR (RT-PCR) method as an alternative diagnostic tool to the galactomannan (GM) technique in the diagnosis of COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA). METHODS: Results of RT-PCR of Aspergillus spp and GM in broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) of 72 patients hospitalized for COVID-19 at Clínica Dávila between 2020 and 2021 were analyzed. Of these patients, 33 presented CAPA. RESULTS: The RT-PCR for Aspergillus and GM showed a positive correlation (r = 0.6351, p-value < 0.0001). The RT-PCR for Aspergillus technique presented a sensitivity (S), specificity (S), positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of 100, 44, 66 and 100% respectively, while the GM technique presented 64, 89, 84 and 73%, respectively for BAL. Using both techniques in combination a S, E, PPV and NPV of 100, 82, 88 and 100% were obtained respectively. CONCLUSION: This study concluded that using RT-PCR and GM techniques in combination in BAL improved the performance parameters of both techniques from those used individually to diagnose CAPA. Further studies are required to evaluate the performance of combined techniques in other aspergillosis focus.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Young Adult , Pulmonary Aspergillosis/diagnosis , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction , COVID-19/complications , Aspergillus/isolation & purification , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid/microbiology , Chile , Predictive Value of Tests , Sensitivity and Specificity , Pulmonary Aspergillosis/complications , Galactose/analogs & derivatives , Mannans/analysisABSTRACT
The current study was conducted to determine the neuroprotective role and mechanism of action of Linalool (LIN) in SCI. The SCI in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats was induced by weight-drop contusion model. Results of the suggested that LIN showed improvement in the locomotor function of SCI rats in a BBB scoring analysis. It was found in agreement with histopathological analysis of spinal cord tissue where LIN improves the neuronal architecture of spinal cord tissues, and protect neurons from degeneration. It also reduces oxidative stress via modulating endogenous antioxidants (MDA, SOD, and GSH) and inhibits the generation of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1ß, and IL-6). In western blot analysis, LIN showed dose-dependent reduction of expression of toll-like receptor (TLR-4) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-ĸB). Our study demonstrated that administration of Linalool alleviated spinal cord injury via anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities in spinal cord tissues possibly due to inhibition of TLR4/NF-κB activation.
El estudio actual se realizó para determinar el papel neuroprotector y el mecanismo de acción de Linalool (LIN) en SCI. La LIN en ratas Sprague-Dawley (SD) se indujo mediante el modelo de contusión de caída de peso. Los resultados sugirieron que LIN mostró una mejora en la función locomotora de ratas SCI en un análisis de puntuación BBB. De acuerdo con el análisis histopatológico del tejido de la médula espinal se encontró que LIN mejora la arquitectura neuronal de los tejidos de la médula espinal y protege a las neuronas de la degeneración. También reduce el estrés oxidativo mediante la modulación de antioxidantes endógenos (MDA, SOD y GSH) e inhibe la generación de citocinas proinflamatorias (TNF-α, IL-1ß e IL-6). En el análisis de Western blot, LIN mostró una reducción dependiente de la dosis de la expresión del receptor tipo toll (TLR-4) y el factor nuclear kappa B (NF-ĸB). Nuestro estudio demostró que la administración de Linalool alivió la lesión de la médula espinal a través de actividades antiinflamatorias y antioxidantes en los tejidos de la médula espinal, posiblemente debido a la inhibición de la activación de TLR4/NF-κB.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Spinal Cord Injuries/drug therapy , Acyclic Monoterpenes/administration & dosage , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Signal Transduction/drug effects , Blotting, Western , NF-kappa B/antagonists & inhibitors , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Oxidative Stress/drug effects , Toll-Like Receptor 4/antagonists & inhibitors , Acyclic Monoterpenes/pharmacology , InflammationABSTRACT
Introduction: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a serious endemic disease in many tropical and subtropical countries, with a strong incidence in Brazil. The disease is transmitted by the bite of infected female phlebotomine sandflies, with dogs being the main urban reservoirs of the parasite. The diverse clinical profile and the long incubation period are challenges for the diagnosis of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL). Recombinant proteins from Leishmania spp. have been studied as antigens that can increase the accuracy of serological tests. Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of the recombinant protein rLb6H, from Leishmania braziliensis, in comparison to the reference antigens rK39 and rK28, from L. donovani, prioritizing the identification of subclinical infected dogs. Material and Methods: Serum IgG reactivity to rLb6H, rK28, and rK39 recombinant proteins was assessed in dogs with previously parasitological confirmation of CVL, subdivided according to their clinical status, using immunoenzymatic assay (ELISA). Diagnostic accuracy of each ELISA was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results: While all antigens showed a better performance in detecting CVL in symptomatic dogs (SD), detection of CVL in the oligosymptomatic (OD) and asymptomatic (AD) groups was lower, but rLb6H achieved high sensitivity for asymptomatic CVL. Interestingly, the most reactive CVL samples to rK28 were barely detected by rLb6H, while the less reactive to rK28, mostly from the AD group, presented higher reactivity to rLb6H. Conclusion: The recombinant protein rLb6H showed utility in the detection of asymptomatic CVL, displaying a complementary reactivity to rK39 and rK28. Thus, these results suggest that rLb6H could be incorporated into multi-antigen strategies, to increase diagnostic accuracy of CVL.
Introdução: A leishmaniose visceral (LV) é uma doença endêmica grave em muitos países tropicais e subtropicais, tendo forte incidência no Brasil. A doença é transmitida pela picada de flebotomíneos fêmeas infectadas, sendo os cães os principais reservatórios urbanos do parasito. O perfil clínico diversificado e o longo período de incubação são desafios para o diagnóstico da leishmaniose visceral canina (LVC). Proteínas recombinantes de Leishmania spp. têm sido estudadas como antígenos que podem aumentar a precisão de testes sorológicos. Objetivo: Avaliar o desempenho diagnóstico da proteína recombinante rLb6H, de Leishmania braziliensis, em comparação com os antígenos de referência rK39 e rK28, de L. donovani, priorizando a identificação de cães com infecção subclínica. Material e Métodos: A reatividade de anticorpos IgG séricos às proteínas recombinantes rLb6H, rK28 e rK39 foi avaliada em cães com confirmação parasitológica prévia de LVC, subdivididos de acordo com seu quadro clínico, utilizando ensaio imunoenzimático (ELISA). A precisão diagnóstica de cada ELISA foi avaliada pela análise da curva ROC (receiver operating characteristic curve). Resultados: Enquanto todos os antígenos mostraram um melhor desempenho na detecção de CVL em cães sintomáticos (SD), a detecção de CVL nos grupos oligossintomáticos (OD) e assintomáticos (AD) foi menor, mas rLb6H alcançou alta sensibilidade para CVL assintomática. Curiosamente, as amostras de CVL mais reativas a rK28 foram pouco detectadas por rLb6H, enquanto as menos reativas a rK28, principalmente do grupo AD, apresentaram maior reatividade a rLb6H. Conclusão: A proteína recombinante rLb6H mostrou utilidade na detecção de CVL assintomática, apresentando uma reatividade complementar a rK39 e rK28. Assim, estes resultados sugerem que o rLb6H pode ser incorporado em estratégias multi-antígeno para aumentar a acurácia diagnóstica da leishmaniose visceral.
Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Leishmania braziliensis , Recombinant Proteins , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Leishmaniasis , Leishmaniasis, Visceral , Recombinant Proteins/analysis , Serologic Tests , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/diagnosis , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/transmission , AntigensABSTRACT
SUMMARY: We aimed to investigate the protective effect of linoleic acid on liver toxicity induced by methotrexate. The study was carried out in partnership with the Department of Anatomy and Department of Medical Pharmacology of Çukurova University Faculty of Medicine, using the laboratory facilities of the Department of Medical Pharmacology. Human hepatocyte cell line (CRL- 11233) cells obtained from the American Type Culture Collection Organization (ATCC) were used. Expressions of apoptotic pathway markers, apoptosis inducing factor (AIF), BAX, BCL 2, GADD 153, 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78), and CASPASE-3 were evaluated. All analyzes were examined in four groups (Group 1; control, Group 2; linoleic acid given, Group 3; methotrexate given and Group 4; linoleic acid and methotrexate given). The mean ± standard error values of the obtained results as nanogram / milliliter (ng / ml) are in Group I, Group II, Group III and Group IV, respectively; AIF values, 0.4150 ± 0.1208, 0.3633 ± 0.2389, 1.792 ± 0.3611 and 1.077 ± 0.1646, BAX values, 0.900 ± 0.1864, 1.002 ± 0.2098, 8.352 ± 1.467 and 4.295 ± 1.522, BCL 2 values, 13.93 ± 1.198, 13.92 ± 1.739, 2.938 ± 1.059 and 9.250 ± 1.492, GADD 153, 0.7333 ± 0.1751, 0.7067 ± 0.2115, 1.650 ± 0.2950 and 1.237 ± 0.1805, GRP78, 0.4767 ± 0.1804, 0.5233 ± 0.1590, 2.183 ± 0.2639 and 1.112 ± 0.2693, CASPASE-3 values , 1.127 ± 0.2033, 0.8317 ± 0.3392, 13.50 ± 1.871 and 8.183 ± 1.030. It was determined that linoleic acid has a protective effect on methotrexate-induced liver toxicity.
Nuestro objetivo fue investigar el efecto protector del ácido linoleico sobre la toxicidad hepática inducida por metotrexato. El estudio se llevó a cabo en colaboración con el Departamento de Anatomía y el Departamento de Farmacología Médica de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Çukurova, utilizando las instalaciones del laboratorio del Departamento de Farmacología Médica. Se usaron células de la línea celular de hepatocitos humanos (CRL-11233) obtenidas de la American Type Culture Collection Organisation (ATCC). Se evaluaron las expresiones de marcadores de vías apoptóticas, factor inductor de apoptosis (AIF), BAX, BCL 2, GADD 153, proteína regulada por glucosa de 78 kDa (GRP78) y CASPASE-3. Todos los análisis se examinaron en cuatro grupos (Grupo 1; control, Grupo 2; se administró ácido linoleico, Grupo 3; se administró metotrexato y Grupo 4; se administró ácido linoleico y metotrexato). Los valores medios ± error estándar de los resultados obtenidos como nanogramo/mililitro (ng/ml) se encuentran en el Grupo I, Grupo II, Grupo III y Grupo IV, respectivamente; Valores de AIF, 0,4150 ± 0,1208, 0,3633 ± 0,2389, 1,792 ± 0,3611 y 1,077 ± 0,1646, valores de Bax, 0,900 ± 0,1864, 1,002 ± 0,2098, 8,352 ± 1,467 y 4,295 ± 1,522, BCL 2 valores, 13,93 ± 1,199. 2,938 ± 1,059 y 9,250 ± 1,492, GADD 153, 0,7333 ± 0,1751, 0,7067 ± 0,2115, 1,650 ± 0,2950 y 1,237 ± 0,1805, Grp78, 0,4767 ± 0,1804, 0,5233 ± 0,1590, 2,183, ± 1,263. 1,127 ± 0,2033, 0,8317 ± 0,3392, 13,50 ± 1,871 y 8,183 ± 1,030. Se determinó que el ácido linoleico tiene un efecto protector sobre la toxicidad hepática inducida por metotrexato.
Subject(s)
Humans , Methotrexate/toxicity , Linoleic Acid/administration & dosage , Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury/prevention & control , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Cells, Cultured , Protective Agents , Hepatocytes/drug effects , Apoptosis Inducing Factor , Caspase 3 , Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury/drug therapy , Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone BiP , Liver/cytology , Liver/drug effects , Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/toxicityABSTRACT
INTRODUCCIÓN: Chlamydophila psittaci es una bacteria zoonótica e intracelular estricta, que provoca la psitacosis humana y su principal hospedero son las aves psitácidas. La cotorra argentina es un ave psitácida nativa de Sudamérica y actualmente considerada una especie invasora en 19 países, incluyendo Chile. OBJETIVO: Determinar positividad contra C. psittaci en muestras de suero y torulados de cotorras argentinas de vida libre capturadas en la Región Metropolitana de Chile. MÉTODOS: Se analizaron 95 muestras de suero de pichones e individuos adultos de cotorras argentinas, a través de una prueba de ELISA indirecto utilizando un kit comercial. Posteriormente, se analizaron 40 tórulas nasotraqueales y cloacales de individuos adultos a través de una RPC en tiempo real específica para C. psittaci. RESULTADOS: Se detectaron anticuerpos en muestras de suero de cinco individuos adultos de cotorras argentinas (n = 68), mientras que ninguno de los pichones analizados fue seropositivo (n = 27). Todas las muestras analizadas a través de RPC en tiempo real fueron negativas. CONCLUSIÓN: Estos resultados demuestran por primera vez en Chile la exposición a C. psittaci en cotorras argentinas de vida libre, lo cual puede representar un riesgo importante para la transmisión de este patógeno a poblaciones humanas y animales.
BACKGROUND: Chlamydophila psittaci is a zoonotic obligate intracellular bacterium that causes the human psittacosis, and its main host are psittacine birds. The monk parakeet is a psittacine bird native to South America, currently being considered an invasive species in 19 countries, including Chile. AIM: To determine positivity to C. psittaci in serum samples and swabs from free-ranging monk parakeets captured in the Metropolitan Region of Chile. METHODS: Ninety-five serum samples from nestling chicks and adult monk parakeets were tested using an indirect ELISA test kit. Cloacal and nasotracheal swabs from 40 adult parakeets were further analyzed by C. psittaci-specific real-time PCR. RESULTS: We found antibody titers in sera of five adult monk parakeets (n = 68) while none of the nestlings were seropositive (n = 27). All samples tested with real-time PCR were negative. CONCLUSIONS: Our results demónstrate for the first time in Chile the exposure to C. psittaci in free-ranging monk parakeets which may represent a significant risk of pathogen transmission to human and animal populations.
Subject(s)
Animals , Psittacosis/veterinary , Psittacosis/epidemiology , Parakeets/microbiology , Chlamydophila psittaci/isolation & purification , Psittacosis/blood , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Zoonoses , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Chile , Urban Area , Introduced Species , Real-Time Polymerase Chain ReactionABSTRACT
c-Myc protein encoded by c-Myc (cellular-myelocytomatosis viral oncogene) gene regulates the related gene expression through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, and has received extensive attention in recent years. The purpose of this study was to express Helicoverpa armigera c-Myc gene (Ha-c-Myc) by using prokaryotic expression system, prepare the polyclonal antibody, examine the spatio-temporal expression profile of Ha-c-Myc, and investigate the possible function of Ha-c-Myc in regulating H. armigera sterol carrier protein-2 (SCP-2) gene expression. The Ha-c-Myc gene was amplified by PCR and cloned into a prokaryotic expression plasmid pET-32a(+). The recombinant plasmid pET-32a-Ha-c-Myc was transformed into Escherichia coli BL21. IPTG was used to induce the expression of the recombinant protein. Protein was purified by Ni2+-NTA column and used to immunize New Zealand rabbits for preparing the polyclonal antibody. The Ha-c-Myc expression levels in different developmental stages (egg, larva, prepupa, pupa, and adult) of H. armigera and different tissues (midgut, fat body, head, and epidermis) of the prepupa were determined by real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). Ha-c-Myc siRNA was synthesized and transfected into H. armigera Ha cells. The relative mRNA levels of Ha-c-Myc and HaSCP-2 in Ha cells were detected by qRT-PCR. Results showed that the pET-32a-Ha-c-Myc recombinant plasmid was constructed. The soluble Ha-c-Myc protein of about 65 kDa was expressed in E. coli. The polyclonal antibody was prepared. Western blotting analysis suggested that the antibody had high specificity. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) showed that the titer of the antibody was high. Ha-c-Myc gene expressed at all developmental stages, with high levels in the early and late instars of larva, and the prepupal stage. Tissue expression profiles revealed that Ha-c-Myc expressed in various tissues of prepupa, with high expression level in the midgut, but low levels in the epidermis and fat body. RNAi results showed that the knockdown of Ha-c-Myc expression significantly affected transcription of HaSCP-2, leading to a 50% reduction in HaSCP-2 mRNA expression level. In conclusion, the Ha-c-Myc was expressed through a prokaryotic expression system, and the polyclonal anti-Ha-c-Myc antibody was obtained. Ha-c-Myc may promote the expression of HaSCP-2 and play an important role in the lipid metabolism of H. armigera. These results may facilitate further study on the potential role and function mechanism of Ha-c-Myc in H. armigera and provide experimental data for exploring new targets of green pesticides.