ABSTRACT
Os homicídios de policiais estão associados a fatores individuais, sociais e do trabalho. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste artigo é caracterizar a mortalidade por homicídio de policiais civis da Bahia entre 2012 e 2019. Trata-se de estudo descritivo de vigilância da mortalidade de homicídios de policiais civis da ativa. As variáveis estudadas foram sociodemográficas, da atividade policial e da ocorrência. Na análise foram realizados cálculos de taxas de mortalidade e da estatística descritiva, por meio da linguagem computacional R versão 4.2.2. Foram registrados 27 homicídios de policiais civis da ativa, o que equivale a uma taxa média de 0,58/1000. Na caracterização, todos eram homens, com idade média de 52,5 anos (42 a 63 anos) e 95% negros. Em relação à atividade policial, 76% eram investigadores, com média de 17,9 anos (3 a 33 anos) de serviço e 81% das mortes ocorreram em horário de folga. Em 90% dos homicídios a arma de fogo foi o instrumento causador da morte, e em 62% dos casos a autoria não foi identificada. Conclui-se que o perfil sociodemográfico, do trabalho e das ocorrências de homicídios de policiais civis é semelhante ao perfil encontrado entre policiais militares e sobretudo aos homicídios da população geral.
Police homicides are associated with individual, social, and work-related factors. To characterize mortality due to homicide cases of civil police officers in the State of Bahia from 2012 to 2019.This is a descriptive study of mortality surveillance regarding the homicides of active civil police officers. The variables studied included sociodemographic, police activity, and event occurrence rates. In the analysis, mortality rates and descriptive statistics were calculated using the computational language R, version 4.2.2. Overall, 27 cases of homicide of civil police officers were registered, with an average rate of 0.58/1000 civil police officers. In the characterization, all victims were men with an average age of 52.5 years (42 to 63 years) and a 95% percent Black ethnicity. Regarding police activity, 76% were investigators, with an average of 17.9 years (3 to 33 years) of service, and 81% of deaths occurred during off-duty hours. In 90% of homicide cases, firearms were the instrument that caused death, and in 62% of cases the perpetrator was unidentified. The sociodemographic, work, and homicide profile of civil police officers resembles the profile among military police officers and especially that of homicides in the general population.
Los homicidios de policías están asociados a factores individuales, sociales y laborales. El objetivo de este artículo fue caracterizar la mortalidad por homicidio de policías civiles en el estado de Bahía (Brasil), en el período entre 2012 y 2019. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo de la vigilancia de la mortalidad por homicidios de policías civiles en activo. Las variables estudiadas fueron sociodemográficas, actividad policial y ocurrencia. En el análisis se realizaron cálculos de tasas de mortalidad y estadísticas descriptivas utilizando el lenguaje computacional R, versión 4.2.2.Se registraron 27 homicidios de policías civiles en activo, con una media de 0,58/1000 policías civiles. En la caracterización, todos eran hombres, con media de edad de 52,5 años (42 a 63 años), y el 95%, negros. Con relación a la actividad policial, el 76% se desempeñaban como investigadores, con un promedio de 17,9 años (3 a 33 años) de servicio y el 81% de las muertes ocurrieron fuera de servicio. En el 90% de los homicidios, el arma de fuego fue el instrumento que provocó la muerte y en el 62% de los casos no se identificó al autor. Se concluye que el perfil sociodemográfico, laboral y de homicidios de los policías civiles es similar al perfil encontrado entre los policías militares y, especialmente, a los homicidios en la población general.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Firearms , Ethnicity , Mortality Registries , Police , Homicide , Military PersonnelABSTRACT
Resumo O predomínio de teorias formuladas sob inspiração do estilo de vida ocidental no campo da psicologia acabou criando lacunas ao deixar de incluir especificidades de alguns grupos étnicos, religiosos e culturais. Esse cenário impulsionou vários movimentos recentes, que defendem uma psicologia culturalmente sensível que possa incluir as nuances e particularidades desses grupos. Inclui-se nesse contexto o Islã, uma religião que não se restringe somente às crenças, práticas e rituais religiosos, mas que engloba normas e preceitos que influenciam o estilo de vida do indivíduo. Este estudo tem como objetivo delinear uma reflexão teórica a respeito da psicologia islâmica, demarcando possibilidades e limites da integração de epistemologias religiosas como recurso potencial no campo da psicologia da religião. São abordados aspectos conceituais, origens históricas e fundamentos teóricos e metodológicos dessa nova abordagem, que vem ganhando cada vez mais espaço em instituições ao redor do mundo e no campo de pesquisa.
Abstract The psychological theories formulated under inspiration from the Western lifestyle created gaps by failing to include ethnic, religious, and cultural specificities. From this scenario emerged several recent movements which advocate a culturally sensitive psychology that encompass ethnic nuances and particularities. This context includes Islam, a religion that encompasses beliefs, practices, and rituals, as well as norms and precepts that influence the individual's lifestyle. This study outlines a theoretical reflection on Islamic psychology, demarcating the possibilities and limits of integrating religious epistemologies in Psychology of Religion. Conceptual, historical, theoretical, and methodological aspects of this new approach, which has been gaining space in institutions worldwide and in the research field, are addressed in this study.
Resumen El predominio de teorías formuladas bajo la inspiración del estilo de vida occidental en el campo de la Psicología generó vacíos al no incluir especificidades de algunos grupos étnicos, religiosos y culturales. En este escenario surgieron movimientos recientes que abogan por una psicología culturalmente sensible, que incluya las particularidades y matices de estos grupos. Este contexto incluye el Islam, una religión que no solo se limita a creencias, prácticas y rituales religiosos, sino que también abarca normas y preceptos que influyen en el estilo de vida del individuo. El objetivo de este estudio es esbozar una reflexión teórica sobre la psicología islámica, demarcando posibilidades y límites de la integración de epistemologías religiosas como recurso potencial en el campo de la Psicología de la Religión. Se abordan aspectos conceptuales, orígenes históricos y fundamentos teóricos y metodológicos de este enfoque, que ha ganado espacio en instituciones de todo el mundo y en el campo de la investigación.
Résumé Les théories élaborées sous l'inspiration de l'Occident dans la Psychologie a créé des lacunes en omettant d'inclure les spécificités des groupes ethniques, religieux et culturels. Ce scenario donne naissance à plusieurs mouvements récents qui prônent une psychologie douée d'une sensibilité culturelle. Ce contexte inclut l'Islam qui, en plus des croyances et des pratiques, impose des normes et des préceptes qui influencent le mode de vie de l'individu. Cette étude esquisse une réflexion théorique sur la psychologie islamique, soulignant les possibilités et les limites d'intégrer des épistémologies religieuses comme ressource potentielle dans la psychologie de la religion. Les aspects conceptuels, origines historiques et fondements théoriques et méthodologiques de cette nouvelle approche, qui prend de plus en plus de place dans les institutions du monde entier et dans la recherche, sont abordés.
Subject(s)
Religion and Psychology , Ethnicity , Islam , KnowledgeABSTRACT
Objective: To evaluate the degree of perception among lay people of different age groups about black spaces between lower incisors. Methodology: digital changes were performed in a frontal photograph of a smiling 30 year-old patient, simulating different dimensions of black spaces. The images were printed on photographic paper and applied with a questionnaire in order to evaluate the attractiveness using as tool a visual analogue scale (VAS). The participants were divided into 6 groups, considering race (Caucasian and Negroid) and age (15-19 years, 35-44 years and 65-74 years old). The differences between the examiners were checked by the Mann-Whitney test and the significance level was 5% (α = 0.05) for all analyzes. Results: The photographs that did not have black spaces were better graded and the ones that had larger black spaces scored worse. The older age group and the Negroid race group graded better the photograph with the largest black spaces, compared to the younger age groups and the group of Caucasians. Conclusion: black spaces between lower incisors are esthetically unattractive and their perception decreases with aging, besides being less relevant to older and Negroid people.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Young Adult , Racial Groups/psychology , Esthetics, Dental/psychology , Incisor , Age Groups , Perception , Smiling/psychology , Ethnicity , Surveys and Questionnaires , Visual Analog ScaleABSTRACT
Introduction. Diet-based interventions may be a culturally acceptable option to decrease mercury levels and thus prevent the adverse effects of this metal on population health. Selenium is an element present in Colombian geology that can act as a chelator, decreasing mercury concentrations in the human body. Objective. To identify potentially useful selenium-rich foods to control the effects of mercury exposure among Afro-Colombians. Materials and methods. A cross-sectional study was carried out with 320 individuals from five municipalities of Chocó. They were asked about the frequency of consumption of selenium-rich foods, and their association with mercury concentrations in hair was estimated with multiple robust regression. Results. Guava, whole wheat flour, strawberries, cow liver, spinach and yeast extract were the foods with higher consumption. Walnuts, whole wheat flour, and yeast extract were identified in multiple robust regression as foods to consider in future interventions. Conclusion. It is proposed that the banana juice, the pineapple colada, the borojó (Borojoa patinoi) sorbet, the cucas, and the enyucado are basic elements for a culturally acceptable intervention.
Introducción. Las intervenciones basadas en la dieta pueden ser una opción culturalmente aceptable para disminuir los niveles de mercurio y prevenir los efectos adversos de este metal en la salud de la población. El selenio es un elemento presente en la geología colombiana que puede actuar como quelante, disminuyendo las concentraciones de mercurio en el cuerpo humano. Objetivo. Identificar los alimentos ricos en selenio potencialmente útiles para controlar los efectos de la exposición a mercurio entre afrocolombianos. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un estudio transversal con 320 individuos de cinco municipios del departamento del Chocó. Se les preguntó sobre la frecuencia de consumo de alimentos ricos en selenio y su asociación con las concentraciones de mercurio en cabello fue estimada con regresión múltiple robusta. Resultados. La guayaba, la harina de trigo integral, las fresas, el hígado de vaca, la espinaca y el extracto de levadura fueron los alimentos de mayor consumo. Las nueces, la harina de trigo integral y el extracto de levadura fueron identificados en regresión múltiple robusta como alimentos por considerar en futuras intervenciones. Conclusiones. Se propone que el jugo de plátano, la piña colada, el sorbete de borojó (Borojoa patinoi), las cucas, el enyucado y la sábida de plátano primitivo maduro son elementos básicos para una intervención culturalmente aceptable.
Subject(s)
Selenium , Diet , Mercury , Ethnicity , MiningABSTRACT
ANTECEDENTES: La soledad es uno de los problemas de salud pública más recurrentes en las personas mayores, sin embargo, en Chile se disponen de escasos datos sobre su prevalencia en personas mayores a 60 años que viven en zonas rurales y que pertenecen a pueblos originarios o al tribal afrodescendiente. OBJETIVO: Examinar la prevalencia de la soledad entre personas mayores que viven en zonas rurales por grupo étnico; y analizar las variables sociodemográficas, familiares y de salud que se relaciona con soledad. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se aplicó la escala de soledad DJGLS-6, APGAR-familiar, cuestionario de 13 problemas de salud más frecuentes en personas mayores chilenas, e índice de Barthel a 1.692 personas mayores que residen en zonas rurales de las regiones de Arica y Parinacota, Tarapacá, Antofagasta, Atacama, Coquimbo, Valparaíso, Los Lagos, Aisén y Magallanes. RESULTADOS: Se observa una alta prevalencia de la soledad (sobre el 55%) en personas de los pueblos: Afrodescendiente, Quechua, Atacameño, Colla, Chango, Huilliche, Kawesqar y no indígenas. Siendo la soledad emocional la más prevalente entre personas mayores indígenas y no indígenas que viven en zonas rurales (≥ 71%). Las variables que se asocian con soledad son: ser mujer, edad, no tener pareja, vivir solo(a), disfuncionalidad familiar y tener problemas de salud. CONCLUSIONES: La soledad en zonas rurales es más alta en las personas mayores y esta situación se complejiza en el cruce de diversidad étnico cultural, es necesario seguir abordando este problema que afecta el bienestar biopsicosocial en la vejez.
BACKGROUND: Loneliness is one of the most recurrent public health problems in older people. However, there is little data available in Chile on its prevalence in people over 60 years of age living in rural areas and belonging to native or Afro-descendant groups. AIM: To examine the prevalence of loneliness among older people living in rural areas by ethnic group and to analyze the socio-demographic, family, and health variables related to loneliness. METHODS: We interviewed 1,692 elderly people living in Chilean rural areas of the regions of Arica and Parinacota, Tarapacá, Antofagasta, Atacama, Coquimbo, Valparaíso, Los Lagos, Aisén and Magallanes. The instruments applied were the DJGLS-6 loneliness scale, Family-APGAR, questionnaire of 13 most frequent health problems in Chilean older people, and Barthel index. RESULTS: We found a high prevalence of loneliness (over 55%) among Afro-descendants, Quechua, Atacameño, Colla, Chango, Huilliche, Kawesqar and non-indigenous people. Emotional loneliness is the most prevalent among indigenous and non-indigenous older people living in rural areas (≥ 71%). Variables associated with loneliness were being female, age, not having a partner, living alone, family dysfunctionality, and having health problems. CONCLUSIONS: Loneliness in rural areas is higher in older people, and this situation becomes more complex at the crossroads of ethnic-cultural diversity; it is necessary to continue to address this problem that affects biopsychosocial well-being in old age.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Rural Population/statistics & numerical data , Socioeconomic Factors , Loneliness/psychology , Ethnicity/psychology , Ethnicity/statistics & numerical data , Chile/ethnology , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Risk Factors , Sociodemographic FactorsABSTRACT
Introdução: A obesidade é uma doença multifatorial, crônica e progressiva, que afeta parcelas consideráveis da população mundial e brasileira. Estudos mostram que sociedades e ambientes com maiores níveis de racismo estrutural podem desencadear maiores níveis de prevalência de obesidade nas suas populações marginalizadas. Assim, a maior vulnerabilidade das populações de etnia preta no Brasil, decorrentes do racismo estrutural e institucional instaurado, leva a maiores índices de sobrepeso e obesidade ocasionadas pela incapacidade de tais populações garantirem a segurança alimentar. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a evolução da prevalência do sobrepeso e obesidade nas populações da etnia branca e preta no Brasil, avaliando hábitos alimentares com potencial de promover a obesidade. Além disso, buscou-se relacionar o agravamento do IMC populacional no Brasil com a etnia e o racismo estrutural presente na sociedade brasileira. Método: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo de cunho transversal. Foram selecionadas 12 questões padronizadas do inquérito VIGITEL realizados nos anos de 2011 a 2020. Os dados foram analisados por meio de estatística descritiva, e para comparação entre os grupos étnicos aplicou-se o teste T de Student. Resultados: Os resultados, de modo geral, evidenciam que indivíduos da etnia preta apresentam maior grau de IMC (Kg/m2) em comparação à etnia branca. Os dados de IMC entre as capitais brasileiras demonstram que tanto em 2011, quanto em 2020, as médias do índice avaliado foram maiores entre a população de etnia preta, apresentando 26,03 Kg/m2 e 27,07 Kg/m2 respectivamente, enquanto os indivíduos declarados brancos tiveram médias de 25,7 Kg/m2 e 26,45 Kg/m2 nos mesmos anos. O IMC médio nos anos de 2011 a 2020, de 25,99 Kg/m2para a etnia branca, e de 26,50 Kg/m2 para a etnia preta indicam sobrepeso no âmbito nacional. Ademais, o consumo médio de verduras e legumes foi inferior entre a etnia preta, a qual manifestou uma frequência alimentar maior no consumo de refrigerante ou suco artificial do que a etnia branca, apresentando, de um modo geral, uma alimentação de menor qualidade. Conclusão: O IMC médio e a prevalência de sobrepeso estão aumentando nas populações das capitais do Brasil, sendo tal aumento mais acentuado nas populações da etnia preta. Também se observou que as populações da etnia preta possuem uma alimentação de menor qualidade, quando comparado à alimentação da população de etnia branca (AU).
Introduction: Obesity is a multifactorial, chronic, and progressive disease that affects considerable portions of the world and Brazilian populations. Studies show that societies and environments with higher levels of structural racism can trigger higher levels of obesity prevalence in their marginalized populations. Thus, the greater vulnerability of populations of black ethnicity in Brazil, resulting from the structural and institutional racism established, leads to higher rates of overweight and obesity caused by the inability of such populations to guarantee food security. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the evolution of the prevalence of overweight and obesity in white and black populations in Brazil, evaluating eating habits with the potential to promote obesity. In addition, we aimed to relate the worsening of the populational BMI in Brazil with ethnicity and structural racism present in Brazilian society. Method: This investigation is a descriptive cross-sectional study. Twelve standardized questions from the VIGITEL survey were selected from 2011 to 2020. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and Student's T-test was applied to compare ethnic groups. Results: The results, in general, show that individuals of the black ethnic group have a higher degree of BMI (Kg/m2) compared to the white ethnic group. BMI (Kg/m2) data for Brazilian capitals show that both in 2011 and 2020, the averages of the evaluated index were higher among the black population, presenting 26.03 Kg/m2 and 27.07 Kg/m2, respectively, while individuals declared white had averages of 25.7 Kg/m2 and 26.45 Kg/m2 in the same years. The average BMI in 2011 to 2020, of 25.99 Kg/m2 for the white ethnicity, and of 26.50 Kg/m2 for the black ethnicity, indicates overweight at the national level. In addition, the average consumption of vegetables was lower among black people, which showed a higher food frequency in the consumption of soft drinks or artificial juice than the white people, presenting, in general, a lower quality diet. Conclusion: The average BMI and the prevalence of overweight are increasing in the populations of the capitals of Brazil, being this increase more accentuated in the populations of black ethnicity. It was also observed that the populations of black ethnicity have a lower quality in their diet compared to the diet of the white population (AU).
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Brazil , Ethnicity , Body Mass Index , Prevalence , Feeding Behavior , Racism , Obesity/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Aim: Determination of the most common shade of anterior teeth in Malaysian students of different ethnicities. Materials and Methods: A total of 120 subjects, 40 each from different ethnicities (Malay, Chinese, and Indian) aged 18-22 years were evaluated for tooth shade using the VITA Classical shade guide. The subject was asked to sit in an up-right position with teeth at the clinician's eye level and the subject was instructed to remove makeup or tinted eyewear which may affect the result. The procedure was done in natural daylight. The shade tabs were positioned adjacent to the maxillary central incisor and the middle 1/3rd of the facial surface was assessed by experts to determine the correct tooth shade. The data was statistically analysed. Results: The differences in tooth shade were seen among the subjects of different ethnicities. The Malay ethnicity has B1 (37%) as the most common tooth shade whereas Chinese has C1 (27%) and Indian C1 (40%). Conclusions: Under the limitation of the study, it was found that there is a relationship between tooth color and ethnic background. Malay students tend to have brighter teeth as compared to Chinese and Indian students.
Objetivo: Determinar el tono más común de los dientes anteriores en estudiantes malasios de diferentes etnias. Materiales y Métodos: Se evaluó el color de los dientes de un total de 120 sujetos, 40 de diferentes etnias (malayos, chinos e indios) de edades comprendidas entre 18 y 22 años, utilizando la guía de colores VITA Classical. Se pidió al sujeto que se sentara en posición vertical con los dientes al nivel de los ojos del médico y se le indicó que se quitara el maquillaje o las gafas teñidas, lo que podría afectar el resultado. El procedimiento se realizó con luz natural. Las pestañas de color se colocaron adyacentes al incisivo central superior y expertos evaluaron el tercio medio de la superficie facial para determinar el tono correcto del diente. Los datos fueron analizados estadísticamente. Resultados: Se observaron diferencias en el color de los dientes entre los sujetos de diferentes etnias. La etnia malaya tiene el B1 (37%) como el color de dientes más común, mientras que los chinos tienen el C1 (27%) y los indios C1 (40%). Conclusión: Bajo las limitaciones del estudio, se encontró que existe una relación entre el color de los dientes y el origen étnico. Los estudiantes malayos tienden a tener dientes más brillantes en comparación con los estudiantes chinos e indios.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Ethnicity , Colorimetry , Incisor/anatomy & histology , Malaysia/ethnologyABSTRACT
Aim: Variation in dental structures is widely accepted as a combination of multiple factors such as gender, environmental effects and genetics. However, the characterization of similarities and differences in dental morphology has been lacking in relation to the factors mentioned. This study aims to assess and compare the variations in traits in mandibular molars and the influence of gender and ethnicity in affecting these traits amongst the Malaysian population of Mongoloid ancestry. Materials and Methods: Our study population was 180 dental casts of patients, from 15 to 40 years old, comprising 56 Malays and 124 Chinese; 60 were males and 120 were females. Traits like groove pattern, number of cusps, protostylids and deflecting wrinkles were observed, scored, and recorded. Results: This study revealed that the most common mandibular first molar (M1) was characterized by 5 cusps and displayed 'Y' groove pattern, while the most common mandibular second molar (M2) had 4 cusps and exhibited a groove pattern that resembled a '+'. Notably, all the traits studied were bilaterally symmetrical, except for the groove pattern of M1, while sexual dimorphism was observed in groove patterns of M2. Conclusions: This study found that M1 had a preponderance of 5 cusps with 'Y' groove pattern, while M2 were typically 4-cusped with '+' groove pattern.
Objetivo: La variación en las estructuras dentales es ampliamente aceptada como el resultado de una combinación de múltiples factores como el género, los efectos ambientales y la genética. Sin embargo, ha faltado la caracterización de similitudes y diferencias en la morfología dental en relación a los factores mencionados. Este estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar y comparar las variaciones en los rasgos de los molares mandibulares y la influencia del género y la etnia al afectar estos rasgos entre la población malaya de ascendencia mongoloide. Materiales y Métodos: Nuestra población de estudio fue de 180 modelos dentales de pacientes, de 15 a 40 años,conformados por 56 malayos y 124 chinos; 60 eran hombres y 120 eran mujeres. Se observaron, puntuaron y registraron rasgos como el patrón de surcos, el número de cúspides, los protostílidos y las arrugas desviadas. Resultados: Este estudio reveló que el primer molar mandibular más común (M1) se caracterizaba por 5 cúspides y mostraba un patrón de ranura en 'Y', mientras que el segundo molar mandibular más común (M2) tenía 4 cúspides y exhibía un patrón de ranura que se parecía a un ' +'. En particular, todos los rasgos estudiados eran bilateralmente simétricos, excepto el patrón de surco de M1, mientras que se observó dimorfismo sexual en los patrones de surco de M2. Conclusión: Este estudio encontró que M1 tenía una preponderancia de 5 cúspides con un patrón de ranura en 'Y', mientras que M2 tenía típicamente 4 cúspides con un patrón de ranura '+'.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Molar/anatomy & histology , Ethnicity , Malaysia/ethnology , MandibleABSTRACT
Resumen En este trabajo se presenta un análisis de las características socioeconómicas y étnico-raciales en México respecto a la probabilidad de mortalidad de un hijo antes de sus cinco años con datos de la encuesta ESRU de Movilidad Social de México de 2017 (del Centro de Estudios Espinosa Yglesias). Se documenta que las mujeres con tono de piel más oscura tienen una probabilidad de perder un hijo antes de que cumpla cinco años de 2,82 (1,39-5,74 IC) veces más alta que las de con de piel más claro. Estos resultados están controlados por diferentes cohortes de nacimiento, características sociodemográficas, territoriales y socioeconómicas. En un escenario contrafactual se estimó que la probabilidad de perder un hijo se explica hasta en un 28,7% por las características étnico-raciales y, por las características socioeconómicas, hasta en un 58,5%. En conclusión, la pérdida de un hijo es un evento demográfico distribuido de manera desigual en la población y está determinado no solo por las características socioeconómicas, sino también por las características étnico-raciales. La idea de mestizaje en México que propone una igualdad étnico-racial en la población demuestra ser errónea y evita salvar vidas.
Resumo Este artigo apresenta uma análise das características socioeconômicas e étnico-raciais na probabilidade de mortalidade de um filho no México antes dos cinco anos de idade. São utilizados dados da Pesquisa ESRU de Mobilidade Social México 2017 do Centro de Estudos Espinosa Yglesias. Controlando por diferentes coortes de nascimento, características sociodemográficas, territoriais e econômicas, observa-se que mulheres com tom mais escuro de pele são 2,82 (1,39, 5,74) vezes mais propensas a perderem um filho antes do seu quinto aniversário do que aquelas com tom branco de pele. Em um cenário contrafactual, estimou-se que a probabilidade de perder um filho é explicada por características étnico-raciais em até 28,7% e por características socioeconômicas em até 58,5%. A perda de um filho é um evento demográfico desigualmente distribuído na população e está determinado não apenas por características socioeconômicas, mas também por aspectos étnico-raciais. A ideia de miscigenação no México que propõe igualdade étnica-racial na população se mostra equivocada e evita salvar vidas.
Abstract The aim of this work is to analyze the impact of socio-economic and ethnic-racial characteristics in the likelihood of the death of a child before their fifth birthday. Using data from the Survey of Social Mobility in México ESRU-EMOVI 2017 of the Epinosa Yglesis Center for Studies, our results suggest that women with darker skin tone are 2.82 (1.39, 5.74) times more likely to have lost a child before their fifth birthday than women with white skin tone. These are the results after controlling for different birth cohorts, sociodemographic, territorial and socio-economic characteristics. In a counterfactual scenario, the probability of losing a child is explained by ethnic-racial characteristics up to 28.7%, and by socio-economic characteristics up to 58.5%. The loss of a child is a demographic event unequally distributed in the population, and determined not only by socio-economic characteristics, but also by ethnic and racial characteristics. The idea of miscegenation that proposes racial equality in the population in Mexico proves inaccurate and prevents the saving of lives.
Subject(s)
Humans , Infant Mortality , Socioeconomic Factors , Women , Bereavement , Ethnicity , DemographyABSTRACT
O nome próprio, para além de designativo de uma identidade transmitida intergeracionalmente, pode abrigar memórias sociais consubstanciais às representações de uma genealogia familiar, entrecruzada a processos históricos transgeracionais. Neste estudo de caso, as ressonâncias de sentidos atrelados ao significante "Terena" são analisadas à luz do processo social onomástico de transformação de etnônimos em sobrenomes, com base em fundamentos teóricos e metodológicos etnopsicanalíticos. Encontrou-se não haver transparência nem correspondência linear, pelo menos neste caso, entre o significante Terena na qualidade de etnônimo e na condição de sobrenome familiar, ficando em aberto em que medida a sua multivocidade se prende ao recalque da memória familiar e/ou a resistências a uma identificação genealógica que em diferentes momentos históricos terá assumido valorações distintas e eventualmente antagônicas
The proper name, in addition to designating an identity transmitted intergenerationally, can harbor social memories consubstantial with the representations of a family genealogy, intertwined with transgenerational historical processes. In this case study, the resonances of meanings linked to the signifier "Terena" are analyzed in the light of the onomastic social process of transforming ethnonyms into surnames, based on ethnopsychoanalytic theoretical and methodological foundations. It was found that there was no transparency or linear correspondence, at least in this case, between the signifier Terena as an ethnonym and the same as a family surname, leaving open the extent to which its multivocality is linked to the repression of family memory and/or to resistance to a genealogical identification that at different historical moments will have assumed different and eventually antagonistic valuations
Le nom propre, en plus de désigner une identité transmise intergénérationnellement, peut abriter des mémoires sociales consubstantielles aux représentations d'une généalogie familiale, entremêlées de processus historiques transgénérationnels. Dans cette étude de cas, les résonances des significations liées au signifiant « Terena ¼ sont analysées à la lumière du processus social onomastique de transformation des ethnonymes en noms de famille, sur la base de fondements théoriques et méthodologiques ethnopsychanalytiques. Il a été constaté qu'il n'y avait pas de transparence ou de correspondance linéaire, du moins dans ce cas, entre le signifiant Terena en tant qu'ethnonyme et le même en tant que nom de famille, laissant ouverte la mesure dans laquelle sa multivocalité est liée au refoulement de la mémoire familiale et /ou à la résistance à une identification généalogique qui, à différents moments historiques, aura assumé des valorisations différentes et éventuellement antagonistes
El nombre propio, además de designar una identidad transmitida intergeneracionalmente, puede albergar memorias sociales consustanciales a las representaciones de una genealogía familiar, entrelazadas con procesos históricos transgeneracionales. En este estudio de caso se analizan las resonancias de significados vinculados al significante "Terena" a la luz del proceso social onomástico de transformación de etnónimos en apellidos, a partir de fundamentos teóricos y metodológicos etnopsicoanalíticos. Se constató que no existe transparencia ni correspondencia lineal, al menos en este caso, entre el significante Terena como etnónimo y el mismo como apellido familiar, dejando abierta la medida en que su multivocalidad está ligada a la represión de la memoria familiar y /oa la resistencia a una identificación genealógica que en diferentes momentos históricos habrá asumido valoraciones distintas y eventualmente antagónicas
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , American Indian or Alaska Native , Anthropology, Cultural/history , Names , EthnicityABSTRACT
O racismo é um fenômeno que impacta a vida da população negra, direcionando-a para uma condição de marginalização social, inclusive profissionalmente. Diante disso, o presente estudo, qualitativo, objetivou analisar as estratégias de enfrentamento ao racismo adotadas por universitários negros de uma instituição pública de ensino superior no processo de construção de suas carreiras. Adotando-se como referencial a Teoria de Construção da Carreira, 27 entrevistas semiestruturadas foram conduzidas com graduandos (16 do gênero feminino e 11 do gênero masculino) autodeclarados negros de uma universidade situada na região Sudeste do Brasil. Os dados coletados foram submetidos a Análise de Similitude, por meio do software IRaMuTeQ, que demonstrou, a partir de uma árvore máxima, que os discursos dos participantes estiveram centrados no termo "racismo" e em quatro troncos de similitude relacionados aos vocábulos: "negro", "falar", "situação" e "acontecer". Os resultados indicaram que o racismo é um dos fatores que impactam a carreira dos sujeitos, sobretudo por sustentar práticas discriminatórias veladas e limitar oportunidades profissionais. Em resposta a ele, quatro estratégias de enfrentamento foram identificadas: a) diálogo com sujeitos próximos; b) busca por suporte junto à rede de apoio constituída na universidade; c) denúncia de seus impactos; e d) adoção de ações individuais de transformação da realidade. Os achados permitem identificar a adoção de diferentes estratégias individuais e coletivas de enfrentamento ao racismo, que devem ter seu desenvolvimento estimulado pelas instituições de ensino superior, a fim de que se tornem práticas sistematizadas que favoreçam a discussão sobre o fenômeno em âmbitos acadêmico e profissional.(AU)
The phenomenon of racism impacts the lives of Black population, leading them to social marginalization, including professionally. Thus, this qualitative study analyzes the coping strategies adopted by Black undergraduates from a public higher education institution to confront racism during career construction. Adopting the Career Construction Theory as a framework, 27 semi-structured interviews were conducted (16 women and 11 men) with self-declared black undergraduates from a university located in southeastern Brazil. Similarity analysis of the collected data, performed using the IRaMuTeQ software, showed that, from a maximum tree, the participants' speeches centered around the term "racism" and on four similarity trunks related to the words: "black", "talk", "situation" and "happen". Results indicated that racism majorly impacts the subjects' careers, especially by upholding veiled discriminatory practices and limiting professional opportunities. To cope with it, undergraduates adopt four main strategies: a) dialogue with close subjects; b) search for support with the support network established at the university; c) denunciation of its impacts; and d) adoption of individual strategies to transform reality. The findings point to different actions, individual and collective, adopted to fight racism, whose development should be supported by higher education institutions so that they become systemic practices that favor discussing the phenomenon in academic and professional fields.(AU)
El racismo es un fenómeno que impacta la vida de la población negra, llevándola a una condición de marginación social, incluso a nivel profesional. Así, este estudio cualitativo, tuvo por objetivo analizar las estrategias de afrontamiento el racismo que utilizan los universitarios negros de una Institución Pública de Educación Superior en el proceso de construcción de sus carreras. Tomando como referencia la Teoría de Construcción de Carrera, se realizaron 27 entrevistas semiestructuradas a estudiantes (16 mujeres y 11 hombres) autodeclarados negros de una universidad en la región Sureste de Brasil. Los datos recolectados se sometieron a un Análisis de Similitud, desarrollado utilizando el software IRaMuTeQ, que demostró, a partir de un árbol máximo, que los discursos de los participantes se centraron en el término "racismo" y en cuatro troncos de similitud relacionados con las palabras: "negro", "hablar", "situación" y "pasar". Los resultados indicaron que el racismo es uno de los factores que impactan la carrera, especialmente por sostener prácticas discriminatorias veladas y limitar las oportunidades profesionales. En respuesta a ello, se identificaron cuatro estrategias de afrontamiento: a) diálogo con sujetos cercanos; b) búsqueda de apoyo en la red constituida en la universidad; c) denuncia de sus impactos; y d) adopción de acciones individuales para transformar la realidad. Los hallazgos permiten identificar la adopción de diferentes estrategias, individuales y colectivas, para enfrentar el racismo, las cuales deben tener su desarrollo estimulado por las instituciones de educación superior, para que se conviertan en prácticas sistematizadas que favorezcan la discusión del fenómeno en el ámbito académico y profesional.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Students , Universities , Adaptation, Psychological , Career Choice , Career Mobility , Racism , Poverty , Prejudice , Problem Solving , Psychology , Psychology, Social , Public Policy , Race Relations , Rejection, Psychology , Salaries and Fringe Benefits , Self Concept , Social Behavior , Social Change , Social Class , Social Identification , Social Justice , Social Problems , Social Sciences , Socialization , Societies , Socioeconomic Factors , Stereotyping , Awareness , Work , Ethnicity , Family , Mental Health , Surveys and Questionnaires , Color , Cultural Diversity , Crime , Cultural Characteristics , Culture , Personal Autonomy , Dehumanization , Qualitative Research , Racial Groups , Education , Emotions , Employee Incentive Plans , Resilience, Psychological , Altruism , Bullying , Social Stigma , Social Discrimination , Genocide , Enslavement , Protective Factors , Social Capital , Physical Appearance, Body , Work Performance , Social Segregation , Political Activism , Work Engagement , Ethnocentrism , Extremism , Social Oppression , Freedom , Respect , Empowerment , Sociodemographic Factors , Ethnic and Racial Minorities , Social Vulnerability , Citizenship , Diversity, Equity, Inclusion , Antiracism , Hate , Hierarchy, Social , Household Work , Human Rights , Learning , Minority GroupsABSTRACT
Objetivo: Analizar la literatura actual referente a los procesos de la determinación social y la presencia de maloclusiones dentales. Materiales y métodos: Revisión narrativa, que utilizó bases científicas como PubMed, Google Académico, ResearchGate, Scielo, Elsevier, LILACS y Semantic Scholar, usando pala-bras clave "Maloclusiones", "Determinación social de la salud", "Clase social", "Epidemiología crítica", "Salud Oral". Se incluyeron artículos actuales (últi-mos 5 años) y clásicos relevantes, libros y encues-tas nacionales de salud. Resultados: Se encontró literatura que no toma propiamente el concepto de determinación social, pero si responde a las varia-bles, clase social, género y etnia. Adicionalmente, no se encontró una tendencia clara de la prevalencia de maloclusiones y los procesos críticos de la deter-minación social. Conclusiones: La historicidad de la reproducción social podría influir en la presencia de maloclusiones dentales, sin embargo, no existen es-tudios sobre ello, por lo que, surge la necesidad de investigaciones que utilicen la metodología de la epi-demiología crítica asociada a las maloclusiones (AU)
Aim: To analyze the current literature on the processes of social determination and the presence of dental malocclusions. Materials and methods: Narrative review, using scientific databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, ResearchGate, Scielo, Elsevier, LILACS and Semantic Scholar, using keywords "Malocclusions", "Social determination of health", "Social class", "Critical epidemiology", "Oral health". Current articles (last 5 years) and relevant classics, books and national health surveys were included. Results: Literature was found that does not properly take the concept of social determination, but it does respond to the variables social class, gender and ethnicity. In addition, no clear trend was found on the prevalence of malocclusion and the critical processes of social determinants. Conclusions: The historicity of social reproduction could influence the presence of dental malocclusions, however, there are no studies on this regard, so there is a need for research using the methodology of critical epidemiology associated with malocclusions (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Malocclusion/epidemiology , Socioeconomic Factors , Ethnicity , Oral Health , Databases, Bibliographic , Gender Identity , Malocclusion/etiologyABSTRACT
Las características anatómicas de pacientes con nariz mestiza, generalmente, incluyen una nariz aparentemente grande, un dorso convexo con radix bajo y una base nasal ancha. La longitud de la columela y punta nasal se ve disminuida debido a que los cartílagos alares son cortos, débiles y delgados, proporcionando un soporte estructural insuficiente, mala definición y proyección de la punta nasal. La principal dificultad al manejar este tipo de narices es un marco osteocartilaginoso mal estructurado y débil. En los últimos años se han desarrollado técnicas quirúrgicas para mejorar los resultados estéticos y funcionales de la rinoplastía en estos pacientes. Se realizó una revisión exhaustiva de la literatura describiendo las técnicas quirúrgicas utilizadas en este tipo de nariz.
The anatomical characteristics of patients with mestizo nose usually include an apparently large nose, a convex dorsum with a deep radix, and a wide nasal base. The length of the nasal columella and tip is decreased because the alar cartilages are short, weak and thin, providing insufficient structural support, poor definition and nasal tip projection. The main difficulty in managing this type of noses is a poorly structured and weak osteocartilaginous framework. In recent years, surgical techniques have been developed to improve the aesthetic and functional results of rhinoplasty in these patients. A comprehensive literature review was conducted describing the surgical techniques used in this type of nose.
Subject(s)
Humans , Rhinoplasty/methods , Nose/anatomy & histology , Ethnicity , Suture TechniquesABSTRACT
O texto é um relato de experiência da participação no Grupo de Estudos psicoQuilombologia ocorrida nos meses de setembro de 2020 a março de 2021, período atravessado pela segunda onda da pandemia de COVID-19 no Brasil. O objetivo do relato é apresentar o conceito-movimento de psicoQuilombologia como uma proposta epistemológica quilombola de agenciamento de cuidado e saúde, com base em uma escuta que se faça descolonial e inspirada no fecundo e ancestral acervo de cuidado dos povos africanos, quilombolas e pretos, preservado e atualizado em nossos quilombos contemporâneos. A metodologia utilizada é a escrevivência, método desenvolvido por Conceição Evaristo que propõe uma escrita em que as vivência e memórias estão totalmente entrelaçadas, imersas e imbricadas com a pesquisa. O resultado das escrevivências dessa pesquisa descortinam que os povos pretos desenvolveram práticas de cuidado e acolhimento às vulnerabilidades do outro, enraizadas no fortalecimento de laços e conexões coletivas de afetos e cuidado mútuos. Práticas de cuidado que articulam memória, ancestralidade, tradição, comunidade, transformação, luta, resistência e emancipação, engendrando modos coletivos de ser e viver. Nas quais cuidar do outro implica tratar suas relações e situar o cuidado como extensão de uma cura que se agencia no coletivo. O trabalho conclui apontando que o cenário pandêmico vigente acentua a pungência de se desenvolver estratégias de cuidado baseadas em epistemologias pretas e quilombolas, valorizando os sentidos de ancestralidade, comunidade, pertencimento e emancipação.(AU)
The text is an experience report of the participation in the psicoQuilombology Study Group that carried out from September 2020 to March 2021, during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. The purpose of the report is to introduce the concept-movement of psicoQuilombology as a quilombola epistemological proposal for the development of care and health, based on a decolonial listening and inspired by the rich care collection of African peoples, quilombolas and Blacks, preserved and updated in our contemporary quilombos. The methodology used is writexperience [escrevivências], a method developed by Conceição Evaristo who proposes a writing in that the experiences and memories are totally involved with the research. The result of the writability of this research show that Black people have developed practices of care and acceptance of the other's vulnerabilities, based on the strengthening of ties and collective connections of mutual affection and care. Care practices that mix memory, ancestry, tradition, community, transformation, struggle, resistance and emancipation, outlining collective ways of being and living. The core idea is that taking care of the other means treating your relationships and maintaining care as an extension of a cure that takes place in the collective. The paper concludes by pointing out that the current pandemic scenario demonstrates the urgent need to develop care strategies based on black and quilombola epistemologies, valuing the senses of ancestry, community, belonging and emancipation.(AU)
Este es un reporte de experiencia de la participación en el Grupo de Estudio psicoQuilombología que ocurrió en los meses de septiembre de 2020 a marzo de 2021, periodo en que Brasil afrontaba la segunda ola de la pandemia de la COVID-19. Su propósito es presentar el concepto-movimiento de psicoQuilombología como una propuesta epistemológica quilombola para el desarrollo del cuidado y la salud, basada en una escucha decolonial e inspirada en el rico acervo asistencial de los pueblos africanos, quilombolas y negros, conservado y actualizado en nuestros quilombos contemporáneos. La metodología utilizada es la escrivivencia, un método desarrollado por Conceição Evaristo quien propone una escrita en que las vivencias y los recuerdos están totalmente involucrados con la investigación. El resultado de la escrivivencia muestra que las personas negras han desarrollado prácticas de cuidado y aceptación de las vulnerabilidades del otro, basadas en el fortalecimiento de lazos y conexiones colectivas de afecto y cuidado mutuos. Prácticas de cuidado que mezclan memoria, ascendencia, tradición, comunidad, transformación, lucha, resistencia y emancipación, perfilando formas colectivas de ser y vivir. El cuidar al otro significa tratar sus relaciones y mantener el cuidado como una extensión de una cura que tiene lugar en lo colectivo. El trabajo concluye que el actual escenario pandémico demuestra la urgente necesidad de desarrollar estrategias de atención basadas en epistemologías negras y quilombolas, y que valoren los sentidos de ascendencia, comunidad, pertenencia y emancipación.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Black or African American , Health Strategies , Problem-Based Learning , Knowledge , Empathy , Pandemics , COVID-19 , Quilombola Communities , Poverty , Prejudice , Psychology , Public Policy , Quality of Life , Religion , Audiovisual Aids , Social Behavior , Social Conditions , Social Desirability , Social Dominance , Social Identification , Socioeconomic Factors , Stereotyping , Violence , Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms , Mainstreaming, Education , Attitude , Ethnicity , Family , Mental Health , Colonialism , Congresses as Topic , Basic Sanitation , Community Participation , Life , Cooperative Behavior , Internet , Culture , Spiritual Therapies , Personal Autonomy , Spirituality , Vulnerable Populations , Black People , Agriculture , Education , Ego , User Embracement , Existentialism , Racism , Social Marginalization , Human Migration , Ethnic Violence , Enslavement , Moral Status , Frailty , Survivorship , Political Activism , Social Construction of Ethnic Identity , Nation-State , Freedom , Social Vulnerability Index , Solidarity , Empowerment , Social Evolution , Sociodemographic Factors , Systemic Racism , Ethnic and Racial Minorities , Cognitive Restructuring , Social Vulnerability , Citizenship , Diversity, Equity, Inclusion , Working Conditions , African People , Traditional Medicine Practitioners , Hierarchy, Social , History , Homing Behavior , Household Work , Housing , Human Rights , Individuality , Life Change Events , Mass BehaviorABSTRACT
Este estudo propõe analisar as relações e os processos de subjetivação de mulheres quebradeiras de coco babaçu decorrentes das intervenções de políticas desenvolvimentistas em seus territórios de vida e reverberações no Movimento Interestadual de Quebradeiras de Coco Babaçu (MIQCB). Sob a perspectiva ético-estético-política da Cartografia, acompanhamos as narrativas das histórias de vida de 24 mulheres, suas atividades cotidianas e eventos do MIQCB, também analisamos os documentos das políticas. Entendemos que, ao passo que tais políticas de desenvolvimento rural contribuem para a melhoria das condições de vida, em termos materiais e simbólicos, elas também produzem ressonâncias relacionadas ao modo de subjetivação do tipo "empresário de si", que agenciam seus modos de viver, de produzir e de se relacionar consigo e com os outros na lógica capitalista neoliberal. A resistência às capturas neoliberais também estão presentes ao ampliarem as mobilizações coletivas do próprio movimento, articulando com outros na produção de um "comum".(AU)
This study proposes to analyze the relations and the processes of subjectivation of babassu coconut-breaker women arising from developmental policy interventions in their territories of life and reverberations in the Babassu Coconut-breaker Interstate Movement (MIQCB). From the ethical-aesthetic-political perspective of Cartography, we followed the narratives of the life stories of 24 women, their daily activities and promoted events by MIQCB, we also analyzed the policy documents. We understand that while these policies of rural development contribute to improve the living conditions, in material and symbolic terms, they also produce resonances related to the "self-entrepreneur" mode of subjectivation, which has been handling their ways of living, producing, and relating to themselves and others in the neoliberal capitalist logic. Resistance to neoliberal captures is also present as they expand the collective mobilizations of the movement itself, articulating with others, in the production of a "common."(AU)
Este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar los procesos de subjetivación de las mujeres que rompen coco babaçu que surgen de las intervenciones de las políticas de desarrollo en sus territorios de vida y las reverberaciones en el Movimiento Interestadual de las Mujeres que Rompen Coco Babaçu (MIQCB). Desde la perspectiva ético-estético-política de la Cartografía, seguimos las narraciones de las historias de vida de 24 mujeres, sus actividades diarias y eventos del MIQCB, y también analizamos los documentos de las políticas. Si bien estas políticas han contribuido a mejorar las condiciones de vida de las mujeres, en términos materiales y simbólicos, también han producido resonancias del modo de subjetivación "autoempresarial", que ha agenciado sus formas de vivir, producir y relacionarse consigo mismas y con los demás en la lógica capitalista neoliberal. La resistencia a las capturas neoliberales también está presente cuando amplían las movilizaciones colectivas del propio movimiento, articulándose con otros en la producción de un "común".(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Growth and Development , Economics , Government , Politics , Poverty , Psychology , Psychology, Social , Public Policy , Retirement , Rural Population , Social Desirability , Social Justice , Social Problems , Social Sciences , Soil , Women's Rights , Wood , Health Policy, Planning and Management , Socioeconomic Planning , Social Control Policies , Legislation, Environmental , Brazil , Water , Exercise , Ethnicity , Economic Development , Poverty Areas , Land Use , Rural Areas , Forests , Organizations , Environmental Health , Conflict of Interest , Workload , Family Planning Policy , Entrepreneurship , Agrochemicals , Interview , Collective Bargaining , Commerce , Crops, Agricultural , Environmental Management , Natural Resources Exploitation , Natural Resources , Renewable Resources , Natural Reservations , Flora , Conservation of Natural Resources , Cultural Diversity , Nature , Feminism , Extraction and Processing Industry , Natural Resources Management , Rural Economy , Capitalism , State , Public Power , Biodiversity , Agriculture , Efficiency , Environment , Environment and Public Health , Health Sciences, Technology, and Innovation Management , Projects , Job Market , Health Surveillance of Products , Control and Sanitary Supervision of Foods and Beverages , Foods Containing Coconut , Machinery , Sustainable Agriculture , Non-Renewable Resources , Agribusiness , Environmental Communication , Femininity , Environmental Policy , Small Business , Ethnic Violence , Sociological Factors , Food , Work-Life Balance , Political Activism , Stakeholder Participation , Socioeconomic Rights , Occupied Territories , Sustainable Development , Social Programs , Indigenous Peoples , Right to Work , Empowerment , Social Inclusion , Gender Equity , Gender Role , Social Vulnerability , Environmental Responsability , Socio-Environmental Responsibility , Diversity, Equity, Inclusion , Working Conditions , Wildlife Trade , Health Services Needs and Demand , Housing , Human Activities , Human Rights , Labor Unions , Life Change Events , Anthropology , Mining , Occupational GroupsABSTRACT
No decorrer da história, sempre foram infindáveis os casos em que os sujeitos recorriam a centros espíritas ou terreiros de religiões de matrizes africanas em decorrência de problemas como doenças, desempregos ou amores mal resolvidos, com o objetivo de saná-los. Por conta disso, este artigo visa apresentar os resultados da pesquisa relacionados ao objetivo de mapear os processos de cuidado em saúde ofertados em três terreiros de umbanda de uma cidade do litoral piauiense. Para isso, utilizamos o referencial da Análise Institucional "no papel". Os participantes foram três líderes de terreiros e os respectivos praticantes/consulentes dos seus estabelecimentos religiosos. Identificamos perspectivas de cuidado que se contrapunham às racionalidades biomédicas, positivistas e cartesianas, e faziam referência ao uso de plantas medicinais, ao recebimento de rezas e passes e à consulta oracular. A partir desses resultados, podemos perceber ser cada vez mais necessário, portanto, que os povos de terreiros protagonizem a construção, implementação e avaliação das políticas públicas que lhe sejam específicas.(AU)
In history, there have always been endless cases of people turning to spiritual centers or terreiros of religions of African matrices due to problems such as illnesses, unemployment, or unresolved love affairs. Therefore, this article aims to present the research results related to the objective of mapping the health care processes offered in three Umbanda terreiros of a city on the Piauí Coast. For this, we use the Institutional Analysis reference "on Paper." The participants were three leaders of terreiros and the respective practitioners/consultants of their religious establishments. We identified perspectives of care that contrasted with biomedical, positivist, and Cartesian rationalities and referred to the use of medicinal plants, the prescript of prayers and passes, and oracular consultation. From these results, we can see that it is increasingly necessary, therefore, that the peoples of the terreiros lead the construction, implementation, and evaluation of public policies that are specific to them.(AU)
A lo largo de la historia, siempre hubo casos en los cuales las personas buscan en los centros espíritas o terreros de religiones africanas la cura para sus problemas, como enfermedades, desempleo o amoríos mal resueltos. Por este motivo, este artículo pretende presentar los resultados de la investigación con el objetivo de mapear los procesos de cuidado en salud ofrecidos en tres terreros de umbanda de una ciudad del litoral de Piauí (Brasil). Para ello, se utiliza el referencial del Análisis Institucional "en el Papel". Los participantes fueron tres líderes de terreros y los respectivos practicantes / consultivos de los establecimientos religiosos que los mismos conducían. Se identificaron perspectivas de cuidado que se contraponían a las racionalidades biomédicas, positivistas y cartesianas, y hacían referencia al uso de plantas medicinales, al recibimiento de rezos y pases y a la consulta oracular. Los resultados permiten concluir que es cada vez más necesario que los pueblos de terreros sean agentes protagónicos de la construcción, implementación y evaluación de las políticas públicas destinadas específicamente para ellos.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Religion , Medicine, African Traditional , Evidence-Based Practice , Pastoral Care , Permissiveness , Prejudice , Psychology , Rationalization , Religion and Medicine , Self Care , Social Adjustment , Social Class , Social Identification , Social Values , Societies , Socioeconomic Factors , Spiritualism , Stereotyping , Taboo , Therapeutics , Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms , Black or African American , Complementary Therapies , Ethnicity , Ceremonial Behavior , Homeopathic Philosophy , Lachnanthes tinctoria , Health-Disease Process , Cross-Cultural Comparison , Efficacy , Coercion , Comprehensive Health Care , Knowledge , Life , Culture , Africa , Mind-Body Therapies , Spiritual Therapies , Faith Healing , Spirituality , Dancing , Dehumanization , Vulnerable Populations , Biodiversity , Racial Groups , Humanization of Assistance , User Embracement , Population Studies in Public Health , Ethnology , Emotional Intelligence , Horticultural Therapy , Social Stigma , Ageism , Racism , Ethnic Violence , Enslavement , Social Norms , Teas, Herbal , Folklore , Cultural Rights , Ethnocentrism , Freedom , Solidarity , Psychological Distress , Empowerment , Social Inclusion , Freedom of Religion , Citizenship , Quilombola Communities , African-American Traditional Medicine , African People , Traditional Medicine Practitioners , History , Human Rights , Individuality , Leisure Activities , Life Style , Magic , Mental Healing , Anthropology , Anthroposophy , Minority Groups , Morale , Music , Mysticism , Mythology , OccultismABSTRACT
O objetivo deste estudo foi testar um modelo teórico-explicativo para as representações sociais sobre o cenário sociopolítico brasileiro de 2017, de acordo com as seguintes relações: as representações seriam influenciadas diretamente pela confiança nas instituições, e essa confiança, determinada pelas simpatias ideológicas. Participaram 164 estudantes universitários - cuja idade média era 24 anos - que responderam a escalas intervalares. Realizaram-se modelagens de equações estruturais para testar o modelo teórico proposto. Os resultados indicaram: adequabilidade do modelo; dois grupos de variáveis apresentando relações positivas entre as variáveis do mesmo grupo e negativas na comparação intergrupos. No primeiro grupo constaram as variáveis: ideias-força de esquerda, confiança nos movimentos sociais, avaliação do governo Dilma e avaliação das políticas de esquerda; no segundo: ideias-força de direita, confiança nas instituições de controle, confiança na mídia, avaliação do governo Temer e avaliação das políticas de esquerda. Concluiu-se que a confiança institucional e a simpatia ideológica ancoravam as representações sociais do cenário brasileiro na população universitária estudada.(AU)
The aim of this study was to test an explanatory theoretical model about the social representations about Brazilian social-political scenario in 2017, based on the following relations: representations were directly influenced by the trust in institutions, and this trust, determined by ideological sympathies. A sample of 164 college students - whose average age was 24 years - answered interval scales. We performed structural equation modeling to test the proposed model. The results indicated: the suitability of the model; two groups of variables presenting positive relations in the in-group comparison and negative relations in the comparisons between groups. The first group showed the variables: Leftist ideas-forces, trust in social movements, evaluation of Dilma's administration, and evaluation of Leftist policies; the second: Rightist ideas-forces, trust in control institutions, trust in the media, evaluation of Temer's administration, and evaluation of Leftist policies. In conclusion, the institutional trust and ideological sympathies anchored the social representations of the Brazilian scenery for the studied university population.(AU)
Este estudio tuvo como objetivo probar un modelo teórico explicativo de las representaciones sociales en el escenario sociopolítico brasileño de 2017 según las siguientes relaciones: las representaciones estarían directamente influenciadas por la confianza en las instituciones, y esta confianza, determinada por las simpatías ideológicas. Participaron en este estudio 164 estudiantes universitarios, con edad media de 24 años, quienes respondieron a escalas intervalares. Se llevaron a cabo modelos de ecuaciones estructurales para probar el modelo teórico propuesto. Los resultados indicaron: adecuación del modelo; dos grupos de variables que presentaban relaciones positivas entre las variables del mismo grupo y negativas en la comparación intergrupal. El primer grupo incluía las variables: ideas-fuerza de la izquierda, confianza en los movimientos sociales, evaluación del gobierno de Dilma y evaluación de las políticas de la izquierda; el segundo: ideas-fuerza de la derecha, confianza en las instituciones de control, confianza en los medios de comunicación, evaluación del gobierno Temer y evaluación de las políticas de la izquierda. Se concluyó que la confianza institucional y la simpatía ideológica funcionaron como fundamentos de las representaciones sociales del escenario político brasileño en la población universitaria estudiada.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Politics , Students , Universities , Culture , Trust , Ethics, Institutional , Social Representation , Morals , Ownership , Philosophy , Political Systems , Poverty , Psychology , Psychology, Social , Public Policy , Quality of Life , Rationalization , Safety , Salaries and Fringe Benefits , Science , Authoritarianism , Social Change , Social Problems , Social Responsibility , Social Sciences , Social Security , Social Values , Socialism , Socioeconomic Factors , Sociology , Technology , Technology, Industry, and Agriculture , Thinking , Unemployment , Women , Behavior , Labor Relations , Black or African American , Brazil , Ill-Housed Persons , Adaptation, Psychological , Attitude , Ethnicity , Economic Development , Child Advocacy , Child Welfare , Surveys and Questionnaires , Liability, Legal , Civil Rights , Negotiating , Public Sector , Private Sector , Disabled Persons , Communication , Communism , Privacy , Constitution and Bylaws , Feminism , Guideline Adherence , Modernization of the Public Sector , Crime , Civil Conflicts , Personal Autonomy , Capitalism , Access to Information , State , Legislative , Democracy , Aggression , Human Rights Abuses , French Revolution , Economics , Education , Emotions , Employee Grievances , Employment , Environment , Job Market , Population Studies in Public Health , Sanitary Supervision , Agribusiness , Industrial Development , Diplomacy , Work-Life Balance , Sexual and Gender Minorities , Fascism , Political Activism , Stakeholder Participation , Extremism , Social Oppression , Freedom , Gender-Inclusive Policies , Respect , Leadership and Governance Capacity , Corruption , Solidarity , Outdated Modernization , Social Programs , Indigenous Peoples , Environmentalism , Environmental Justice , Sociodemographic Factors , Social Vulnerability , Citizenship , Socio-Environmental Responsibility , Hierarchy, Social , Human Rights , Individuation , Jurisprudence , Leadership , Lobbying , Mass Behavior , Mass Media , Military Personnel , Occupational GroupsABSTRACT
La pandemia por COVID-19 generó una crisis de salud pública sin precedentes a nivel mundial, provocando la muerte directa o indirecta de alrededor de 14,9 millones de personas en un período de 2 años. Ante esto, el desarrollo de vacunas para evitar la muerte, cuadros graves y cortar la cadena de propagación del virus, se estableció como prioridad mundial. El proceso de vacunación ha demostrado su efectividad, pero ha existido reticencia a vacunarse dentro de la población. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue analizar la relación de variables censales con respecto a la frecuencia de vacunación para la semana del 24 de mayo de 2021 en Chile. Para ello, se recurrió a datos secundarios del censo del 2017 y del Ministerio de Salud y, a través de una regresión lineal múltiple, se determinó que la escolaridad, la vivienda de residencia y la etnicidad son variables que impactan en la cantidad de personas vacunadas por comuna. Los hallazgos obtenidos aportan información relevante para la generación de políticas públicas(AU)
The COVID-19 pandemic generated an unprecedented public health crisis worldwide, which caused the direct or indirect death of about 14.9 million people in a period of two years. In view of this, the development of vaccines to prevent death and serious illnesses and to cut the chain of spread of the virus was established as a global priority. Although the vaccination process has demonstrated the effectiveness of vaccination, there has been reluctance within the population. Therefore, the objective of this research was to identify the relation of census variables with respect to the frequency of vaccination for the week of May 24, 2021 in Chile. For this purpose, secondary data from the 2017 Census and the Ministry of Health were used and, through a multiple linear regression, it was determined that schooling, residence dwelling and ethnicity are variables that impact the number of people vaccinated per commune. The findings obtained provide relevant information for the generation of public policies(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Ethnicity/statistics & numerical data , Censuses , COVID-19 Vaccines/therapeutic use , ChileABSTRACT
Professor ZHUANG Li-xing's diagnosis and treatment method and manipulation key points of mind-regulation acupuncture for psychosomatic disorders are summarized. Professor ZHUANG proposes that psychosomatic disorders can be subdivided into "mind-body disorder" and "body-mind disorder". The former requires treatment aimed at regulating the mind. The main acupoints are Sishenzhen, Shenting (GV 24), Yintang (GV 24+), Shenmen (HT 7) and Sanyinjiao (SP 6). The additional acupoints are Suliao (GV 25), Shuigou (GV 26), Shenmai (BL 62), Zhaohai (KI 6), Hegu (LI 4) and Taichong (LR 3), etc. The latter requires treatment aimed at improving the original diseases, supplemented by regulating the mind (row acupuncture on the governor vessel). Acupoint selection is based on the theories of brain-mind, and the emphasis is placed on the governor vessel; in the meanwhile, regulating zangfu and qi-blood should be valued. After the arrival of qi, the Daoqi Tongjing method (the specific technique for directing qi and preserving essence) is applied, combined with auricular point sticking and fire needling at affected part to enhance the curative effect.
Subject(s)
Humans , Psychophysiologic Disorders/therapy , Acupuncture Therapy , Acupuncture Points , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , EthnicityABSTRACT
To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in Motuo County from 2012 to 2021 and provide evidence for the prevention and control of PTB. A total of 223 cases of PTB were reported from 2012 to 2021 in Motuo County, with an average annual reported incidence rate of 171.39/100 000. Joinpoint regression model analysis showed that the average decline rate was 9.2% (P<0.001) from 2012 to 2021. Among the various types of PTB patients reported from 2012 to 2021, there were 69 cases of etiologic-positive cases which increased from 28.57% to 52.63%. Results from the circular distribution methods showed that there was no obvious peak time of PTB in Motuo County. There was no statistical difference in the average annual incidence of PTB between different genders (χ2=0.108, P=0.743). Among all age groups, the 20-29 years group had the highest proportion (26.91%, 60/223). The Monpa ethnic group (153 cases, 68.61%) had the largest number of cases, followed by the Lhoba people (44 cases, 19.73%) and the Tibetan (22 cases, 9.87%). Farmers (168 cases, 75.34%) had the highest occupational composition ratio, followed by students (40 cases, 17.94%). The main detection methods of PTB were clinical consultation and transferring consultation. Overall, the incidence rate of PTB decreased from 2012 to 2021. The majority of PTB patients were young adults with high transmission risk. It is necessary to pay more attention to the key populations and strengthen the comprehensive prevention and control for reducing the risk of PTB.