Associação entre etnia e sobrepeso/obesidade populacional no Brasil / Association between ethnicity and population overweight/obesity in Brazil

Introdução: A obesidade é uma doença multifatorial, crônica e progressiva, que afeta parcelas consideráveis da população mundial e brasileira. Estudos mostram que sociedades e ambientes com maiores níveis de racismo estrutural podem desencadear maiores níveis de prevalência de obesidade nas suas populações marginalizadas. Assim, a maior vulnerabilidade das populações de etnia preta no Brasil, decorrentes do racismo estrutural e institucional instaurado, leva a maiores índices de sobrepeso e obesidade ocasionadas pela incapacidade de tais populações garantirem a segurança alimentar. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a evolução da prevalência do sobrepeso e obesidade nas populações da etnia branca e preta no Brasil, avaliando hábitos alimentares com potencial de promover a obesidade. Além disso, buscou-se relacionar o agravamento do IMC populacional no Brasil com a etnia e o racismo estrutural presente na sociedade brasileira. Método: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo de cunho transversal. Foram selecionadas 12 questões padronizadas do inquérito VIGITEL realizados nos anos de 2011 a 2020. Os dados foram analisados por meio de estatística descritiva, e para comparação entre os grupos étnicos aplicou-se o teste T de Student. Resultados: Os resultados, de modo geral, evidenciam que indivíduos da etnia preta apresentam maior grau de IMC (Kg/m2) em comparação à etnia branca. Os dados de IMC entre as capitais brasileiras demonstram que tanto em 2011, quanto em 2020, as médias do índice avaliado foram maiores entre a população de etnia preta, apresentando 26,03 Kg/m2 e 27,07 Kg/m2 respectivamente, enquanto os indivíduos declarados brancos tiveram médias de 25,7 Kg/m2 e 26,45 Kg/m2 nos mesmos anos. O IMC médio nos anos de 2011 a 2020, de 25,99 Kg/m2para a etnia branca, e de 26,50 Kg/m2 para a etnia preta indicam sobrepeso no âmbito nacional. Ademais, o consumo médio de verduras e legumes foi inferior entre a etnia preta, a qual manifestou uma frequência alimentar maior no consumo de refrigerante ou suco artificial do que a etnia branca, apresentando, de um modo geral, uma alimentação de menor qualidade. Conclusão: O IMC médio e a prevalência de sobrepeso estão aumentando nas populações das capitais do Brasil, sendo tal aumento mais acentuado nas populações da etnia preta. Também se observou que as populações da etnia preta possuem uma alimentação de menor qualidade, quando comparado à alimentação da população de etnia branca (AU).

Introduction: Obesity is a multifactorial, chronic, and progressive disease that affects considerable portions of the world and Brazilian populations. Studies show that societies and environments with higher levels of structural racism can trigger higher levels of obesity prevalence in their marginalized populations. Thus, the greater vulnerability of populations of black ethnicity in Brazil, resulting from the structural and institutional racism established, leads to higher rates of overweight and obesity caused by the inability of such populations to guarantee food security. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the evolution of the prevalence of overweight and obesity in white and black populations in Brazil, evaluating eating habits with the potential to promote obesity. In addition, we aimed to relate the worsening of the populational BMI in Brazil with ethnicity and structural racism present in Brazilian society. Method: This investigation is a descriptive cross-sectional study. Twelve standardized questions from the VIGITEL survey were selected from 2011 to 2020. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and Student's T-test was applied to compare ethnic groups. Results: The results, in general, show that individuals of the black ethnic group have a higher degree of BMI (Kg/m2) compared to the white ethnic group. BMI (Kg/m2) data for Brazilian capitals show that both in 2011 and 2020, the averages of the evaluated index were higher among the black population, presenting 26.03 Kg/m2 and 27.07 Kg/m2, respectively, while individuals declared white had averages of 25.7 Kg/m2 and 26.45 Kg/m2 in the same years. The average BMI in 2011 to 2020, of 25.99 Kg/m2 for the white ethnicity, and of 26.50 Kg/m2 for the black ethnicity, indicates overweight at the national level. In addition, the average consumption of vegetables was lower among black people, which showed a higher food frequency in the consumption of soft drinks or artificial juice than the white people, presenting, in general, a lower quality diet. Conclusion: The average BMI and the prevalence of overweight are increasing in the populations of the capitals of Brazil, being this increase more accentuated in the populations of black ethnicity. It was also observed that the populations of black ethnicity have a lower quality in their diet compared to the diet of the white population (AU).

Desigualdades socioeconómicas y étnico-raciales en la mortalidad de un hijo durante su niñez en México. ¿Qué tanto importa el color de la piel? / Desigualdades socioeconômicas e étnico-raciais na mortalidade infantil dos filhos no México: quanto importa a cor da pele? / Socioeconomic and ethnic-racial inequalities in childhood mortality in Mexico: how much does skin color matter?

Resumen En este trabajo se presenta un análisis de las características socioeconómicas y étnico-raciales en México respecto a la probabilidad de mortalidad de un hijo antes de sus cinco años con datos de la encuesta ESRU de Movilidad Social de México de 2017 (del Centro de Estudios Espinosa Yglesias). Se documenta que las mujeres con tono de piel más oscura tienen una probabilidad de perder un hijo antes de que cumpla cinco años de 2,82 (1,39-5,74 IC) veces más alta que las de con de piel más claro. Estos resultados están controlados por diferentes cohortes de nacimiento, características sociodemográficas, territoriales y socioeconómicas. En un escenario contrafactual se estimó que la probabilidad de perder un hijo se explica hasta en un 28,7% por las características étnico-raciales y, por las características socioeconómicas, hasta en un 58,5%. En conclusión, la pérdida de un hijo es un evento demográfico distribuido de manera desigual en la población y está determinado no solo por las características socioeconómicas, sino también por las características étnico-raciales. La idea de mestizaje en México que propone una igualdad étnico-racial en la población demuestra ser errónea y evita salvar vidas.

Resumo Este artigo apresenta uma análise das características socioeconômicas e étnico-raciais na probabilidade de mortalidade de um filho no México antes dos cinco anos de idade. São utilizados dados da Pesquisa ESRU de Mobilidade Social México 2017 do Centro de Estudos Espinosa Yglesias. Controlando por diferentes coortes de nascimento, características sociodemográficas, territoriais e econômicas, observa-se que mulheres com tom mais escuro de pele são 2,82 (1,39, 5,74) vezes mais propensas a perderem um filho antes do seu quinto aniversário do que aquelas com tom branco de pele. Em um cenário contrafactual, estimou-se que a probabilidade de perder um filho é explicada por características étnico-raciais em até 28,7% e por características socioeconômicas em até 58,5%. A perda de um filho é um evento demográfico desigualmente distribuído na população e está determinado não apenas por características socioeconômicas, mas também por aspectos étnico-raciais. A ideia de miscigenação no México que propõe igualdade étnica-racial na população se mostra equivocada e evita salvar vidas.

Abstract The aim of this work is to analyze the impact of socio-economic and ethnic-racial characteristics in the likelihood of the death of a child before their fifth birthday. Using data from the Survey of Social Mobility in México ESRU-EMOVI 2017 of the Epinosa Yglesis Center for Studies, our results suggest that women with darker skin tone are 2.82 (1.39, 5.74) times more likely to have lost a child before their fifth birthday than women with white skin tone. These are the results after controlling for different birth cohorts, sociodemographic, territorial and socio-economic characteristics. In a counterfactual scenario, the probability of losing a child is explained by ethnic-racial characteristics up to 28.7%, and by socio-economic characteristics up to 58.5%. The loss of a child is a demographic event unequally distributed in the population, and determined not only by socio-economic characteristics, but also by ethnic and racial characteristics. The idea of miscegenation that proposes racial equality in the population in Mexico proves inaccurate and prevents the saving of lives.

Distribution characteristics of body mass index among Chinese oldest-old aged 80 years and above / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To investigate body mass index (BMI) level, identify the main type of nutritional problem, and describe the population distribution characteristics of BMI among Chinese people aged 80 years or above. Methods: The data of 9 481 oldest-old individuals were obtained from the 2017-2018 Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey. The Lambda-Mu-Sigma method, weighted estimates of BMI, and comparisons by BMI quintiles were used to describe the BMI level and distribution characteristics among the oldest-old. Results: The average age of the participants was (91.9±7.7) years, with P50 of the weighted BMI at 21.9 (95%CI: 21.8-22.0) kg/m2. The result of BMI level showed a decreasing trend with age, with a rapid decline before age 100, and then the trend became slower. There are about 30% of the oldest-old classified as undernutrition, but the prevalence of overnutrition is only about 10%. The population distribution characteristics by BMI quintiles showed the oldest-old with lower BMI levels were likely to have the following characteristics: sociodemographically, to be older, female, ethnic minority, unmarried/divorced/widowed, rural residents, illiterate, with inadequate living expenses, located in Central, South, or Southwest China; regarding lifestyles, lower BMI levels were observed for participants who were smoking, not exercising, lack of leisure activities, or with poor dietary diversity; considering functional status, participants with lower BMI levels were those who have poor chewing ability, disability in activities of daily living, cognitive impairment, hearing loss, visual impairment, or poor self-rated health status. The oldest-old with higher BMI levels were likely to have heart disease, hypertension, cerebrovascular disease, and diabetes. Conclusions: The overall BMI level was low among the Chinese oldest-old and it showed a downward trend with age. Currently, the main nutritional problem among the Chinese oldest-old was undernutrition rather than overweight or obesity. Management of healthy lifestyles, functional status, and diseases would be helpful to reduce the risk of undernutrition among the oldest-old.

Epidemiological distribution of genotypes and sub-genotypes of hepatitis B virus in 15 ethnic groups in China / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To understand the distribution of genotypes and sub-genotypes of HBV in different ethnic groups in China. Methods: The HBsAg positive samples were selected by stratified multi-stage cluster sampling from the sample base of national HBV sero-epidemiological survey in 2020 for the amplification of S gene of HBV by nested PCR. A phylogeny tree was constructed to determine the genotypes and sub-genotypes of HBV. The distribution of genotypes and sub-genotypes of HBV were analyzed comprehensively by using laboratory data and demographic data. Results: A total of 1 539 positive samples from 15 ethnic groups were successfully amplified and analyzed, and 5 genotypes (B, C, D, I and C/D) were detected. The proportion of genotype B was higher in ethnic group of Han (74.52%, 623/836), Zhuang (49.28%, 34/69), Yi (53.19%, 25/47), Miao (94.12%, 32/34), Buyi (81.48%, 22/27). The proportions of genotype C were higher in ethnic groups of Yao (70.91%, 39/55). Genotype D was the predominant genotype in Uygur (83.78%, 31/37). Genotype C/D were detected in Tibetan (92.35%,326/353). In this study, 11 cases of genotype I were detected, 8 of which were distributed in Zhuang nationality. Except for Tibetan, sub-genotype B2 accounted for more than 80.00% in genotype B in all ethnic groups. The proportions of sub-genotype C2 were higher in 8 ethnic groups, i.e. Han, Tibetan, Yi, Uygur, Mongolian, Manchu, Hui and Miao. The proportions of sub-genotype C5 were higher in ethnic groups of Zhuang (55.56%, 15/27) and Yao (84.62%, 33/39). For genotype D, sub-genotype D3 was detected in Yi ethnic group and sub-genotype D1 was detected in both Uygur and Kazak. The proportions of sub-genotype C/D1 and C/D2 in Tibetan were 43.06% (152/353) and 49.29% (174/353). For all the 11 cases of genotype I infection, only sub-genotype I1 was detected. Conclusions: Five genotypes and 15 sub-genotypes of HBV were found in 15 ethnic groups. There were significant differences in the distribution of genotypes and sub-genotypes of HBV among different ethnic groups.

Etnia e nominação: ancestralidades em disputa e recomposições / Ethnicity and nomination: disputed ancestries and recompositions / Ethnicité et nomination: ascendances contestées et recompositions / Etnicidad y nominación: ascendencias en disputa y recomposiciones

O nome próprio, para além de designativo de uma identidade transmitida intergeracionalmente, pode abrigar memórias sociais consubstanciais às representações de uma genealogia familiar, entrecruzada a processos históricos transgeracionais. Neste estudo de caso, as ressonâncias de sentidos atrelados ao significante "Terena" são analisadas à luz do processo social onomástico de transformação de etnônimos em sobrenomes, com base em fundamentos teóricos e metodológicos etnopsicanalíticos. Encontrou-se não haver transparência nem correspondência linear, pelo menos neste caso, entre o significante Terena na qualidade de etnônimo e na condição de sobrenome familiar, ficando em aberto em que medida a sua multivocidade se prende ao recalque da memória familiar e/ou a resistências a uma identificação genealógica que em diferentes momentos históricos terá assumido valorações distintas e eventualmente antagônicas

The proper name, in addition to designating an identity transmitted intergenerationally, can harbor social memories consubstantial with the representations of a family genealogy, intertwined with transgenerational historical processes. In this case study, the resonances of meanings linked to the signifier "Terena" are analyzed in the light of the onomastic social process of transforming ethnonyms into surnames, based on ethnopsychoanalytic theoretical and methodological foundations. It was found that there was no transparency or linear correspondence, at least in this case, between the signifier Terena as an ethnonym and the same as a family surname, leaving open the extent to which its multivocality is linked to the repression of family memory and/or to resistance to a genealogical identification that at different historical moments will have assumed different and eventually antagonistic valuations

Le nom propre, en plus de désigner une identité transmise intergénérationnellement, peut abriter des mémoires sociales consubstantielles aux représentations d'une généalogie familiale, entremêlées de processus historiques transgénérationnels. Dans cette étude de cas, les résonances des significations liées au signifiant « Terena ¼ sont analysées à la lumière du processus social onomastique de transformation des ethnonymes en noms de famille, sur la base de fondements théoriques et méthodologiques ethnopsychanalytiques. Il a été constaté qu'il n'y avait pas de transparence ou de correspondance linéaire, du moins dans ce cas, entre le signifiant Terena en tant qu'ethnonyme et le même en tant que nom de famille, laissant ouverte la mesure dans laquelle sa multivocalité est liée au refoulement de la mémoire familiale et /ou à la résistance à une identification généalogique qui, à différents moments historiques, aura assumé des valorisations différentes et éventuellement antagonistes

El nombre propio, además de designar una identidad transmitida intergeneracionalmente, puede albergar memorias sociales consustanciales a las representaciones de una genealogía familiar, entrelazadas con procesos históricos transgeneracionales. En este estudio de caso se analizan las resonancias de significados vinculados al significante "Terena" a la luz del proceso social onomástico de transformación de etnónimos en apellidos, a partir de fundamentos teóricos y metodológicos etnopsicoanalíticos. Se constató que no existe transparencia ni correspondencia lineal, al menos en este caso, entre el significante Terena como etnónimo y el mismo como apellido familiar, dejando abierta la medida en que su multivocalidad está ligada a la represión de la memoria familiar y /oa la resistencia a una identificación genealógica que en diferentes momentos históricos habrá asumido valoraciones distintas y eventualmente antagónicas

Butler e a psicanálise: do fracasso das normas à estranheza do gozo / Butler and psychoanalysis: from the failure of norms to the uncanniness of jouissance / Butler y el psicoanálisis: del fracaso de las normas a la rareza del goce

O objetivo deste artigo é fazer avançar o debate entre a psicanálise e os estudos queer, em especial a partir da interlocução traçada por Judith Butler com os trabalhos de Freud e Lacan. Retomando o modo como Butler articula Foucault, Derrida e a psicanálise para pensar os problemas de gênero, evidenciamos que a teoria psicanalítica permite à filósofa situar, a partir de sua concepção da melancolia de gênero, os pontos de fracasso da norma em função da vida psíquica do poder. Ainda que a cisheterossexualidade normativa imponha um roteiro de identificações e escolhas de objeto a seus sujeitos, há uma imprevisibilidade na maneira pela qual cada um responderá às injunções normativas da cultura, o que aponta para uma falha das normas em determinar completamente a subjetividade. A melancolia de gênero se torna, assim, uma marca da importância da psicanálise no percurso de Butler. Em seguida, discutimos as interpelações da filósofa ao simbólico lacaniano, bem como as nuances progressivamente introduzidas em sua leitura da diferença sexual. Ao longo do percurso de Butler, a diferença sexual deixa de ser considerada uma teoria da heterossexualidade e passa a ser apresentada como um conceito-borda, uma fronteira vacilante, que tomamos aqui como um convite para produzirmos uma releitura não normativa da diferença sexual na psicanálise a partir da teoria lacaniana da sexuação. Finalmente, localizamos a estranheza do gozo e o caráter irredutível da sexualidade às normas sociais como um importante eixo partilhado entre Butler e a psicanálise.(AU)

The aim of this article is to branch out the debate between psychoanalysis and queer studies, focusing on the interlocution drawn by Judith Butler with the works of Freud and Lacan. Returning to the way Butler articulates Foucault, Derrida and psychoanalysis to think about gender trouble, we show that psychoanalytic theory allows the philosopher to situate, from her conception of gender melancholy, the points of failure of the norm in function of the psychic life of power. After all, even though normative cis-heterosexuality imposes a script of identifications and object-choices on its subjects, there is an unpredictability to the way in which each one will respond to the normative injunctions of culture, so that norms fail to fully determine subjectivity. Gender melancholy thus becomes a mark of the importance of psychoanalysis in Butler's path. Then, we discuss the philosopher's interpellations to the Lacanian symbolic order, as well as the nuances progressively introduced in her reading of sexual difference. Along Butler's path, sexual difference is no longer considered a theory of heterosexuality and is presented as a border-concept, a vacillating frontier, which we take here as an invitation to produce a non-normative rereading of sexual difference in psychoanalysis, resorting to the Lacanian theory of sexuation. Finally, we locate the uncanniness of jouissance and the irreducible character of sexuality to social norms as an important shared axis between Butler and psychoanalysis.(AU)

El objetivo de este artículo es hacer avanzar el debate entre el psicoanálisis y los estudios queer, enfatizando la interlocución trazada por Judith Butler con los trabajos de Freud y Lacan. Volviendo a la forma en que Butler articula a Foucault, Derrida y el psicoanálisis para pensar los problemas de género, mostramos que la teoría psicoanalítica permite a la filósofa ubicar, desde su concepción de la melancolía de género, los puntos de falla de la norma en función de la vida psíquica del poder. Aunque la cis-heterosexualidad normativa imponga identificaciones y elecciones de objeto a sus sujetos, hay una imprevisibilidad en la forma en que cada uno responderá a los mandatos normativos de la cultura, lo que apunta a un fracaso de las normas para determinar completamente la subjetividad. La melancolía de género se convierte, entonces, en una marca de la importancia del psicoanálisis en la trayectoria de Butler. En seguida, discutimos las interpelaciones de la filósofa a lo simbólico lacaniano, así como los matices progresivamente introducidos en su lectura de la diferencia sexual. A lo largo de la trayectoria de Butler, la diferencia sexual deja de ser considerada una teoría de la heterosexualidad y pasa a ser presentada como un concepto-borde, um límite vacilante, que tomamos aquí como una invitación para producirmos una relectura no normativa de la diferencia sexual en psicoanálisis a partir de la teoría lacaniana de la sexuación. Finalmente, ubicamos la rareza del goce y el carácter irreductible de la sexualidad a las normas sociales como un importante eje compartido entre Butler y el psicoanálisis.(AU)

Disparities in chiropractic utilization by race, ethnicity and socioeconomic status: A scoping review of the literature / 中西医结合学报

BACKGROUND@#Chiropractic is the largest complementary and alternative medicine profession in the United States, with increasing global growth. A preliminary literature review suggests a lack of widespread diversity of chiropractic patient profiles.@*OBJECTIVE@#There have been no prior studies to comprehensively integrate the literature on chiropractic utilization rates by race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status. The purpose of this scoping review is to identify and describe the current state of knowledge of chiropractic utilization by race, ethnicity, education level, employment status, and income and poverty level.@*SEARCH STRATEGY@#Systematic searches were conducted in PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Index to Chiropractic Literature from inception to May 2021.@*INCLUSION CRITERIA@#Articles that reported race or ethnicity, education level, employment status, income or poverty level variables and chiropractic utilization rates for adults (≥18 years of age) were eligible for this review.@*DATA EXTRACTION AND ANALYSIS@#Data extracted from articles were citation information, patient characteristics, race and ethnicity, education level, employment status, income and poverty level, and chiropractic utilization rate. A descriptive numerical summary of included studies is provided. This study provides a qualitative thematic narrative of chiropractic utilization with attention to race and ethnicity, education level, income and poverty level, and employment status.@*RESULTS@#A total of 69 articles were eligible for review. Most articles were published since 2003 and reported data from study populations in the United States. Of the race, ethnicity and socioeconomic categories that were most commonly reported, chiropractic utilization was the highest for individuals identifying as European American/White/non-Hispanic White/Caucasian (median 20.00%; interquartile range 2.70%-64.60%), those with employment as a main income source (median utilization 78.50%; interquartile range 77.90%-79.10%), individuals with an individual or household/family annual income between $40,001 and $60,000 (median utilization 29.40%; interquartile range 25.15%-33.65%), and individuals with less than or equal to (12 years) high school diploma/general educational development certificate completion (median utilization 30.70%; interquartile range 15.10%-37.00%).@*CONCLUSION@#This comprehensive review of the literature on chiropractic utilization by race, ethnicity and socioeconomic status indicates differences in chiropractic utilization across diverse racial and ethnic and socioeconomic populations. Heterogeneity existed among definitions of key variables, including race, ethnicity, education level, employment status, and income and poverty level in the included studies, reducing clarity in rates of chiropractic utilization for these populations. Please cite this article as: Gliedt JA, Spector AL, Schneider MJ, Williams J, Young S. Disparities in chiropractic utilization by race, ethnicity and socioeconomic status: A scoping review of the literature. J Integr Med. 2023; 21(2): 159-167.

A diagnostic prediction model for hypertension in Han and Yugur population from the China National Health Survey (CNHS) / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#The prevalence of hypertension is high among Chinese adults, thus, identifying non-hypertensive individuals at high risk for intervention will help to improve the efficiency of primary prevention strategies.@*METHODS@#The cross-sectional data on 9699 participants aged 20 to 80 years were collected from the China National Health Survey in Gansu and Hebei provinces in 2016 to 2017, and they were nonrandomly split into the training set and validation set based on location. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to develop the diagnostic prediction model, which was presented as a nomogram and a website with risk classification. Predictive performances of the model were evaluated using discrimination and calibration, and were further compared with a previously published model. Decision curve analysis was used to calculate the standardized net benefit for assessing the clinical usefulness of the model.@*RESULTS@#The Lasso regression analysis identified the significant predictors of hypertension in the training set, and a diagnostic model was developed using logistic regression. A nomogram with risk classification was constructed to visualize the model, and a website ( https://chris-yu.shinyapps.io/hypertension_risk_prediction/ ) was developed to calculate the exact probabilities of hypertension. The model showed good discrimination and calibration, with the C-index of 0.789 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.768, 0.810) through internal validation and 0.829 (95% CI: 0.816, 0.842) through external validation. Decision curve analysis demonstrated that the model was clinically useful. The model had a higher area under receiver operating characteristic curves in training and validation sets compared with a previously published diagnostic model based on Northern China population.@*CONCLUSION@#This study developed and validated a diagnostic model for hypertension prediction in Gansu Province. A nomogram and a website were developed to make the model conveniently used to facilitate the individualized prediction of hypertension in the general population of Han and Yugur.

Professor ZHUANG Li-xing's experience of mind-regulation acupuncture for psychosomatic disorders / 中国针灸

Professor ZHUANG Li-xing's diagnosis and treatment method and manipulation key points of mind-regulation acupuncture for psychosomatic disorders are summarized. Professor ZHUANG proposes that psychosomatic disorders can be subdivided into "mind-body disorder" and "body-mind disorder". The former requires treatment aimed at regulating the mind. The main acupoints are Sishenzhen, Shenting (GV 24), Yintang (GV 24+), Shenmen (HT 7) and Sanyinjiao (SP 6). The additional acupoints are Suliao (GV 25), Shuigou (GV 26), Shenmai (BL 62), Zhaohai (KI 6), Hegu (LI 4) and Taichong (LR 3), etc. The latter requires treatment aimed at improving the original diseases, supplemented by regulating the mind (row acupuncture on the governor vessel). Acupoint selection is based on the theories of brain-mind, and the emphasis is placed on the governor vessel; in the meanwhile, regulating zangfu and qi-blood should be valued. After the arrival of qi, the Daoqi Tongjing method (the specific technique for directing qi and preserving essence) is applied, combined with auricular point sticking and fire needling at affected part to enhance the curative effect.

Perceived exercise benefits and barriers and their association with physical activity time in Chinese Han children and adolescents aged 9 to 18 years / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To analyze the perceived exercise benefits and barriers and their association with physical activity time in Chinese Han children and adolescents aged 9-18 years. Methods: Data were extracted from the 2019 Chinese National Survey on Students' Constitution and Health and a total of 163 656 children and adolescents aged 9-18 years in Han ethnic group were included in the analysis. Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis test were used to compare the perceived exercise benefits score, perceived exercise barriers score and perceived exercise benefits to barriers ratio in the children and adolescents with different demographic characteristics and physical activity time. The differences in physical activity time in subgroups were compared with χ2 tests. log-binomial regression model was used to evaluate the association between physical activity time and perceived exercise benefits and barriers. Results: The M (Q1,Q3) of the perceived exercise benefits score, perceived exercise barriers score, and perceived exercise benefits to barriers ratio in the children and adolescents were 4.11 (3.78, 4.78), 2.70 (2.10, 3.20) and 1.55 (1.22, 2.07), respectively. Children and adolescents living in urban area, boys, those at younger age and those with physical activity time ≥1 hour had higher perceived exercise benefits score and perceived exercise benefits to barriers ratio, but lower perceived exercise barriers score (all P<0.001). The prevalence of physical activity time ≥1 hour was 41.4% in the children and adolescents. In the log-binomial model with two variables of perceived exercise benefits score and perceived exercise barriers score, for each 1-point increase in the perceived exercise benefits, the possibility of physical activity time ≥1 hour increased by 11% (OR=1.11, 95%CI: 1.10-1.12), and for each 1-point increase in the perceived exercise barriers, the possibility of physical activity time ≥1 hour decreased by 15% (OR=0.85, 95%CI: 0.84-0.85). In the log-binomial model with variable of perceived exercise benefits to barriers ratio, for each 1-point increase in the perceived exercise benefits to barriers ratio, the possibility of physical activity time ≥1 hour increased by 12% (OR=1.12, 95%CI: 1.11-1.12). Conclusion: The perceived exercise benefits and barriers are significantly associated with physical activity time in children and adolescents in China.

Investigation of ABO and RhD blood groups in childbearing age people in rural areas of Yunnan Province / 中华预防医学杂志

The participants in this study were 20-49 years old rural childbearing age people who received the National Free Preconception Health Examination Project (NFPHEP) in Yunnan Province during 2013 to 2019. The proportion of ABO and RhD blood groups among different ethnic groups and different areas were calculated. The proportion of 2 748 131 participants with blood group A phenotype was highest (32.60%), followed by O (30.60%), B (27.33%) and AB (9.47%). In the RhD blood system, the proportion of the RhD positivity (RhD+) and RhD negativity (RhD-) group were 99.29% and 0.71% respectively. The proportions blood groups were significantly different among ethnic groups and areas (all P<0.001). Among 18 ethnic groups with more than 3 000 participants, Yao (42.75%), Bouyei (40.58%) and Dai (40.37%) ethnic groups had higher proportion of blood group O phenotype than other ethnic groups. Wa ethnic groups had highest proportion of the A (40.15%) and AB phenotypes (11.23%). Miao ethnic group (34.70%) and Lahu ethnic group (34.42%) had higher proportion of blood group B phenotype than other ethnic groups. Wa ethnic group had the highest proportion of RhD-group (1.88%). In all 16 prefectures of Yunnan, the proportion of blood group O phenotype was highest in Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture (40.27%). Baoshan city (36.39%), Lincang city (36.22%) and Dali Bai autonomous prefecture (36.06%) had higher proportion of blood group A phenotype than other regions. Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture (30.83%) and Qujing city (30.48%) had higher proportion of blood group B phenotype than other areas, while Zhaotong city had a highest proportion of blood group AB phenotype (11.19%). The proportion of RhD-group was highest in Honghe hani and Yi nationality autonomous prefecture(1.37%). The A RhD+(39.36%), A RhD-(0.78%), AB RhD+(11.03%), AB RhD-(0.20%) and O RhD-(0.48%) blood groups were higher proportion in Wa ethnic group than in other ethnic groups (P<0.001).

Ideologia, confiança institucional e representações sociais de universitários sobre o cenário político brasileiro de 2016-2017 / Ideology, institutional trust, and social representation of university students about the brazilian political scenery from 2016-2017 / Ideología, confianza institucional y representaciones sociales de universitarios sobre el escenario político brasileño de 2016-2017

O objetivo deste estudo foi testar um modelo teórico-explicativo para as representações sociais sobre o cenário sociopolítico brasileiro de 2017, de acordo com as seguintes relações: as representações seriam influenciadas diretamente pela confiança nas instituições, e essa confiança, determinada pelas simpatias ideológicas. Participaram 164 estudantes universitários - cuja idade média era 24 anos - que responderam a escalas intervalares. Realizaram-se modelagens de equações estruturais para testar o modelo teórico proposto. Os resultados indicaram: adequabilidade do modelo; dois grupos de variáveis apresentando relações positivas entre as variáveis do mesmo grupo e negativas na comparação intergrupos. No primeiro grupo constaram as variáveis: ideias-força de esquerda, confiança nos movimentos sociais, avaliação do governo Dilma e avaliação das políticas de esquerda; no segundo: ideias-força de direita, confiança nas instituições de controle, confiança na mídia, avaliação do governo Temer e avaliação das políticas de esquerda. Concluiu-se que a confiança institucional e a simpatia ideológica ancoravam as representações sociais do cenário brasileiro na população universitária estudada.(AU)

The aim of this study was to test an explanatory theoretical model about the social representations about Brazilian social-political scenario in 2017, based on the following relations: representations were directly influenced by the trust in institutions, and this trust, determined by ideological sympathies. A sample of 164 college students - whose average age was 24 years - answered interval scales. We performed structural equation modeling to test the proposed model. The results indicated: the suitability of the model; two groups of variables presenting positive relations in the in-group comparison and negative relations in the comparisons between groups. The first group showed the variables: Leftist ideas-forces, trust in social movements, evaluation of Dilma's administration, and evaluation of Leftist policies; the second: Rightist ideas-forces, trust in control institutions, trust in the media, evaluation of Temer's administration, and evaluation of Leftist policies. In conclusion, the institutional trust and ideological sympathies anchored the social representations of the Brazilian scenery for the studied university population.(AU)

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo probar un modelo teórico explicativo de las representaciones sociales en el escenario sociopolítico brasileño de 2017 según las siguientes relaciones: las representaciones estarían directamente influenciadas por la confianza en las instituciones, y esta confianza, determinada por las simpatías ideológicas. Participaron en este estudio 164 estudiantes universitarios, con edad media de 24 años, quienes respondieron a escalas intervalares. Se llevaron a cabo modelos de ecuaciones estructurales para probar el modelo teórico propuesto. Los resultados indicaron: adecuación del modelo; dos grupos de variables que presentaban relaciones positivas entre las variables del mismo grupo y negativas en la comparación intergrupal. El primer grupo incluía las variables: ideas-fuerza de la izquierda, confianza en los movimientos sociales, evaluación del gobierno de Dilma y evaluación de las políticas de la izquierda; el segundo: ideas-fuerza de la derecha, confianza en las instituciones de control, confianza en los medios de comunicación, evaluación del gobierno Temer y evaluación de las políticas de la izquierda. Se concluyó que la confianza institucional y la simpatía ideológica funcionaron como fundamentos de las representaciones sociales del escenario político brasileño en la población universitaria estudiada.(AU)

Políticas desenvolvimentistas e mulheres quebradeiras de coco babaçu: capturas contemporâneas / Developmentalist policies and babassu coconut-breaking women: contemporary catches / Políticas desarrollistas y las mujeres que rompen coco babaçu: capturas contemporáneas

Este estudo propõe analisar as relações e os processos de subjetivação de mulheres quebradeiras de coco babaçu decorrentes das intervenções de políticas desenvolvimentistas em seus territórios de vida e reverberações no Movimento Interestadual de Quebradeiras de Coco Babaçu (MIQCB). Sob a perspectiva ético-estético-política da Cartografia, acompanhamos as narrativas das histórias de vida de 24 mulheres, suas atividades cotidianas e eventos do MIQCB, também analisamos os documentos das políticas. Entendemos que, ao passo que tais políticas de desenvolvimento rural contribuem para a melhoria das condições de vida, em termos materiais e simbólicos, elas também produzem ressonâncias relacionadas ao modo de subjetivação do tipo "empresário de si", que agenciam seus modos de viver, de produzir e de se relacionar consigo e com os outros na lógica capitalista neoliberal. A resistência às capturas neoliberais também estão presentes ao ampliarem as mobilizações coletivas do próprio movimento, articulando com outros na produção de um "comum".(AU)

This study proposes to analyze the relations and the processes of subjectivation of babassu coconut-breaker women arising from developmental policy interventions in their territories of life and reverberations in the Babassu Coconut-breaker Interstate Movement (MIQCB). From the ethical-aesthetic-political perspective of Cartography, we followed the narratives of the life stories of 24 women, their daily activities and promoted events by MIQCB, we also analyzed the policy documents. We understand that while these policies of rural development contribute to improve the living conditions, in material and symbolic terms, they also produce resonances related to the "self-entrepreneur" mode of subjectivation, which has been handling their ways of living, producing, and relating to themselves and others in the neoliberal capitalist logic. Resistance to neoliberal captures is also present as they expand the collective mobilizations of the movement itself, articulating with others, in the production of a "common."(AU)

Este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar los procesos de subjetivación de las mujeres que rompen coco babaçu que surgen de las intervenciones de las políticas de desarrollo en sus territorios de vida y las reverberaciones en el Movimiento Interestadual de las Mujeres que Rompen Coco Babaçu (MIQCB). Desde la perspectiva ético-estético-política de la Cartografía, seguimos las narraciones de las historias de vida de 24 mujeres, sus actividades diarias y eventos del MIQCB, y también analizamos los documentos de las políticas. Si bien estas políticas han contribuido a mejorar las condiciones de vida de las mujeres, en términos materiales y simbólicos, también han producido resonancias del modo de subjetivación "autoempresarial", que ha agenciado sus formas de vivir, producir y relacionarse consigo mismas y con los demás en la lógica capitalista neoliberal. La resistencia a las capturas neoliberales también está presente cuando amplían las movilizaciones colectivas del propio movimiento, articulándose con otros en la producción de un "común".(AU)

O cuidado em saúde promovido pelas religiões afro-brasileiras / Health care promoted by afro-brazilian religions / El cuidado en salud promovido por las religiones afrobrasileñas

No decorrer da história, sempre foram infindáveis os casos em que os sujeitos recorriam a centros espíritas ou terreiros de religiões de matrizes africanas em decorrência de problemas como doenças, desempregos ou amores mal resolvidos, com o objetivo de saná-los. Por conta disso, este artigo visa apresentar os resultados da pesquisa relacionados ao objetivo de mapear os processos de cuidado em saúde ofertados em três terreiros de umbanda de uma cidade do litoral piauiense. Para isso, utilizamos o referencial da Análise Institucional "no papel". Os participantes foram três líderes de terreiros e os respectivos praticantes/consulentes dos seus estabelecimentos religiosos. Identificamos perspectivas de cuidado que se contrapunham às racionalidades biomédicas, positivistas e cartesianas, e faziam referência ao uso de plantas medicinais, ao recebimento de rezas e passes e à consulta oracular. A partir desses resultados, podemos perceber ser cada vez mais necessário, portanto, que os povos de terreiros protagonizem a construção, implementação e avaliação das políticas públicas que lhe sejam específicas.(AU)

In history, there have always been endless cases of people turning to spiritual centers or terreiros of religions of African matrices due to problems such as illnesses, unemployment, or unresolved love affairs. Therefore, this article aims to present the research results related to the objective of mapping the health care processes offered in three Umbanda terreiros of a city on the Piauí Coast. For this, we use the Institutional Analysis reference "on Paper." The participants were three leaders of terreiros and the respective practitioners/consultants of their religious establishments. We identified perspectives of care that contrasted with biomedical, positivist, and Cartesian rationalities and referred to the use of medicinal plants, the prescript of prayers and passes, and oracular consultation. From these results, we can see that it is increasingly necessary, therefore, that the peoples of the terreiros lead the construction, implementation, and evaluation of public policies that are specific to them.(AU)

A lo largo de la historia, siempre hubo casos en los cuales las personas buscan en los centros espíritas o terreros de religiones africanas la cura para sus problemas, como enfermedades, desempleo o amoríos mal resueltos. Por este motivo, este artículo pretende presentar los resultados de la investigación con el objetivo de mapear los procesos de cuidado en salud ofrecidos en tres terreros de umbanda de una ciudad del litoral de Piauí (Brasil). Para ello, se utiliza el referencial del Análisis Institucional "en el Papel". Los participantes fueron tres líderes de terreros y los respectivos practicantes / consultivos de los establecimientos religiosos que los mismos conducían. Se identificaron perspectivas de cuidado que se contraponían a las racionalidades biomédicas, positivistas y cartesianas, y hacían referencia al uso de plantas medicinales, al recibimiento de rezos y pases y a la consulta oracular. Los resultados permiten concluir que es cada vez más necesario que los pueblos de terreros sean agentes protagónicos de la construcción, implementación y evaluación de las políticas públicas destinadas específicamente para ellos.(AU)

Racismo e construção da carreira: estratégias de enfrentamento adotadas por universitários negros / Racism and career construction: coping strategies adopted by black undergraduates / Racismo y construcción de la carrera: estrategias de afrontamiento que utilizan los universitarios negros

O racismo é um fenômeno que impacta a vida da população negra, direcionando-a para uma condição de marginalização social, inclusive profissionalmente. Diante disso, o presente estudo, qualitativo, objetivou analisar as estratégias de enfrentamento ao racismo adotadas por universitários negros de uma instituição pública de ensino superior no processo de construção de suas carreiras. Adotando-se como referencial a Teoria de Construção da Carreira, 27 entrevistas semiestruturadas foram conduzidas com graduandos (16 do gênero feminino e 11 do gênero masculino) autodeclarados negros de uma universidade situada na região Sudeste do Brasil. Os dados coletados foram submetidos a Análise de Similitude, por meio do software IRaMuTeQ, que demonstrou, a partir de uma árvore máxima, que os discursos dos participantes estiveram centrados no termo "racismo" e em quatro troncos de similitude relacionados aos vocábulos: "negro", "falar", "situação" e "acontecer". Os resultados indicaram que o racismo é um dos fatores que impactam a carreira dos sujeitos, sobretudo por sustentar práticas discriminatórias veladas e limitar oportunidades profissionais. Em resposta a ele, quatro estratégias de enfrentamento foram identificadas: a) diálogo com sujeitos próximos; b) busca por suporte junto à rede de apoio constituída na universidade; c) denúncia de seus impactos; e d) adoção de ações individuais de transformação da realidade. Os achados permitem identificar a adoção de diferentes estratégias individuais e coletivas de enfrentamento ao racismo, que devem ter seu desenvolvimento estimulado pelas instituições de ensino superior, a fim de que se tornem práticas sistematizadas que favoreçam a discussão sobre o fenômeno em âmbitos acadêmico e profissional.(AU)

The phenomenon of racism impacts the lives of Black population, leading them to social marginalization, including professionally. Thus, this qualitative study analyzes the coping strategies adopted by Black undergraduates from a public higher education institution to confront racism during career construction. Adopting the Career Construction Theory as a framework, 27 semi-structured interviews were conducted (16 women and 11 men) with self-declared black undergraduates from a university located in southeastern Brazil. Similarity analysis of the collected data, performed using the IRaMuTeQ software, showed that, from a maximum tree, the participants' speeches centered around the term "racism" and on four similarity trunks related to the words: "black", "talk", "situation" and "happen". Results indicated that racism majorly impacts the subjects' careers, especially by upholding veiled discriminatory practices and limiting professional opportunities. To cope with it, undergraduates adopt four main strategies: a) dialogue with close subjects; b) search for support with the support network established at the university; c) denunciation of its impacts; and d) adoption of individual strategies to transform reality. The findings point to different actions, individual and collective, adopted to fight racism, whose development should be supported by higher education institutions so that they become systemic practices that favor discussing the phenomenon in academic and professional fields.(AU)

El racismo es un fenómeno que impacta la vida de la población negra, llevándola a una condición de marginación social, incluso a nivel profesional. Así, este estudio cualitativo, tuvo por objetivo analizar las estrategias de afrontamiento el racismo que utilizan los universitarios negros de una Institución Pública de Educación Superior en el proceso de construcción de sus carreras. Tomando como referencia la Teoría de Construcción de Carrera, se realizaron 27 entrevistas semiestructuradas a estudiantes (16 mujeres y 11 hombres) autodeclarados negros de una universidad en la región Sureste de Brasil. Los datos recolectados se sometieron a un Análisis de Similitud, desarrollado utilizando el software IRaMuTeQ, que demostró, a partir de un árbol máximo, que los discursos de los participantes se centraron en el término "racismo" y en cuatro troncos de similitud relacionados con las palabras: "negro", "hablar", "situación" y "pasar". Los resultados indicaron que el racismo es uno de los factores que impactan la carrera, especialmente por sostener prácticas discriminatorias veladas y limitar las oportunidades profesionales. En respuesta a ello, se identificaron cuatro estrategias de afrontamiento: a) diálogo con sujetos cercanos; b) búsqueda de apoyo en la red constituida en la universidad; c) denuncia de sus impactos; y d) adopción de acciones individuales para transformar la realidad. Los hallazgos permiten identificar la adopción de diferentes estrategias, individuales y colectivas, para enfrentar el racismo, las cuales deben tener su desarrollo estimulado por las instituciones de educación superior, para que se conviertan en prácticas sistematizadas que favorezcan la discusión del fenómeno en el ámbito académico y profesional.(AU)

Psiquiatría transcultural y depresión en China: un relato clínico / Cross-cultural psychiatry and depression in the eastern population

El siguiente trabajo presenta la historia de una paciente de 19 años oriunda de China, que cursó una internación en una sala de psiquiatría de un hospital general por un cuadro de características depresivas. El caso es notable por el polimorfismo en la sintomatología clínica que presentó. El objetivo es analizar, a partir de él, la necesidad de un enfoque interdisciplinario que trate a la cultura como una variable significativa en la construcción de una enfermedad, entendiendo que los modelos fisiopatológicos resultan necesarios pero no suficientes para comprender de qué modo se constituye. Para dicho fin se hará un breve recorrido por los estudios efectuados en la década del 80 en China por el psiquiatra y antropólogo Arthur Kleiman y se desarrollará la perspectiva de la psicoanalista Helena Lunazzi, quien en su libro Alexitimia desarrolla cómo la cultura influye en la expresión verbal de las emociones. (AU)

The following work presents the history of a 19-year-old patient from China who was hospitalized in a psychiatric ward of a general hospital due to a depressive illness, being the case remarkable for the polymorphism in the clinical symptoms that she presented. The objective is to analyze the need for an interdisciplinary approach that treats culture as a significant variable in the construction of a disease, understanding that pathophysiological models are necessary but not sufficient to comprehend how they are constituted. For this purpose, a brief review will be made of the studies carried out in the 1980s in China by the psychiatrist and anthropologist Arthur Kleiman and the perspective of the psychoanalyst Lunazzi Helena, who in her book "Alexithymia" develops how culture influences the verbal expression of emotions. (AU)

Identidades, Identificações e Classificações Raciais no Brasil: O Pardo e as Ações Afirmativas / Identities, identifications and racial classifications: the 'mixed race' and affirmative actions / Identidades Raciales, Identificaciones y Clasificaciones: "Mestizos"* y Acciones Afirmativas

Este artigo tem como propósito colaborar com a discussão sobre identidades raciais no campo da psicologia e das políticas de ações afirmativas. Para tal, fizemos uma breve discussão histórico-conceitual sobre classificações raciais brasileiras, formações de identidades raciais e identificações raciais, pois, por meio destes conceitos, pretendemos pensar o lugar do mestiço na constituição de sujeitos fenotipicamente negros e brancos. Escolhemos trazer à baila essa discussão por duas razões. A primeira refere-se ao fato de que, no Brasil, o mestiço representa uma identidade racial complexa, muitas vezes confusa, difusa, negada e afirmada. Essa temática relaciona-se a uma das dimensões mais emblemáticas do racismo à brasileira, especialmente porque dentro desse grupo há variações entre o mestiço com características nitidamente brancas e o mestiço fenotipicamente negro. A segunda e principal razão concerne ao fato de que esse tema é fundamental para que possamos compreender como essa posição intermediária se insere no debate das políticas de ações afirmativas no contexto social brasileiro contemporâneo.

This essay aims to collaborate with the discussion of racial identities within the field of psychology and affirmative action policies. To this end, we made a brief historical-conceptual discussion on Brazilian racial classifications, racial identity formations, as well as racial identifications, because, through these concepts, we intend to think of the pardo's standpoint in the constitution of phenotypically black and white 'mestizo' subjects. We have established this discussion for two main reasons. The first reason refers to the fact that, in Brazil, the pardo represents a complex racial identity, often perceived as confusing, diffuse, both denied and affirmed. This theme relates to one of the most iconic dimensions of Brazilian racism, especially since within this group there are variations between the pardo with notably white features and the pardo phenotypically read as black. The second and foremost reason concerns the fact that this theme is keystone in order to understand the manner in which this intermediate standpoint connects to the affirmative action policies debate in the contemporary Brazilian social context.

Este ensayo tiene como objetivo contribuir a la discusión de las identidades raciales en el campo de la psicología y las políticas de acción afirmativa. Con este fin, hicimos una breve discusión histórico-conceptual sobre las clasificaciones raciales brasileñas, las formaciones de identidad racial y las identificaciones raciales, porque a través de estos conceptos pretendemos pensar en el lugar del "pardo" en la constitución de los sujetos mestizos fenotípicamente negros y blancos. Elegimos plantear esta discusión por dos razones. El primero se refiere al hecho de que, en Brasil, el marrón representa una identidad racial compleja, a menudo confundida, difusa, negada y afirmada. Este tema está relacionado con una de las dimensiones más emblemáticas del racismo al estilo brasileño, especialmente dado que dentro de este grupo hay variaciones entre el claramente blanco y el "pardo" fenotípicamente negro. La segunda y principal razón se refiere al hecho de que este tema es fundamental para que comprendamos cómo esta posición intermedia encaja en el debate de las políticas de acción afirmativa en el contexto social brasileño contemporáneo.

Percepción del parto respetado en gestantes indígenas Shuar y Achuar del Cantón Taisha, año 2018-2019 / Perception of respected childbirth in pregnant indigenous shuar and achuar from canton taisha, year 2018-2019

El embarazo, parto y postparto en la mujer indígena integra un proceso de gran importancia social y cultural cargado de mitos, ritos y paradigmas. En Ecuador la etnia indígena está representada con el 35 % población general. Objetivo: Analizar la percepción sobre la preferencia del parto respetado en gestantes indígenas Shuar y Achuar que acuden a la consulta externa de la Unidad Anidada del cantón Taisha años 2018-2019. Materiales y métodos: Es un estudio con un enfoque cuali-cuantitativo; en la parte cuantitativa se utilizó un diseño bibliográfico documental- analítico y en la parte cualitativa se realizó a través de un enfoque fenomenológico analítico. Para la parte cuantitativa se recolectó la información de una matriz validada, mientras tanto, la parte cualitativa se aplicó un cuestionario semi-estructurado bajo la técnica de la entrevista. Los datos obtenidos de la matriz validada fueron codificados y procesados en el programa SPSS 2.0. Resultados: La percepción de las 119 gestantes que acudieron a la unidad Anidada Taisha en relación al lugar de atención de su parto fue 67 (56,30 %); eligieron el parto en su domicilio 50 (42,02%); en el Hospital San José de Taisha y 2 (1,68%); en la finca. De la misma manera, 72 (65,50%); prefirieron el acompañamiento por su esposo, 38 eligieron la posición en cuclillas (31,93%); finalmente 33 (27,33%); prefirieron la posición acostada. Conclusiones: Se identificó que las mujeres indígenas Shuar y Achuar que realizaron sus controles en la Unidad Anidada del cantón Taisha en el periodo 2018-2019, prefirieron las posiciones verticales cuclillas y arrodillada; además, del acompañamiento de su esposo con base a su cultura(AU)

Pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum in indigenous women integrate a process of great social and cultural importance loaded with myths, rites and paradigms. In Ecuador the indigenous ethnic group is represented with 35% general population. Objective: To analyze the perception of the preference of the respected delivery in Shuar and Achuar indigenous pregnant women who attend the outpatient clinic of the Unit Nested from Taisha canton years 2018-2019. Materials and methods: It is a study with an approach qualitative-quantitative; in the quantitative part, a documentary-analytical bibliographic design was used and in the qualitative part was carried out through an analytical phenomenological approach. for the part quantitative information was collected from a validated matrix, meanwhile, the qualitative part was applied a semi-structured questionnaire under the interview technique. The data obtained from the validated matrix were coded and processed in the SPSS 2.0 program. Results: Perception of the 119 pregnant women who attended the Nested Taisha unit in relation to the place of care of their delivery was 67 (56.30%); 50 (42.02%) chose to deliver at home; at the San Jose Hospital Taisha and 2 (1.68%); on the farm. Similarly, 72 (65.50%); preferred the accompaniment by her husband, 38 chose the squatting position (31.93%); finally 33 (27.33%); they preferred the lying position. Conclusions: It was identified that the Shuar and Achuar indigenous women who carried out their controls in the Nested Unit of the Taisha canton in the period 2018-2019, they preferred the vertical squatting and kneeling positions; In addition, the accompaniment of her husband based on your culture.(AU)

Infecciones de transmisión sexual en poblaciones étnicas autóctonas latinoamericanas. Revisión sistemática. / Sexually transmitted infections in Latin American autochthonous ethnic populations. Systematic review

Las infecciones de transmisión sexual constituyen un problema de salud pública al que no escapan las comunidades de las etnias autóctonas en Latinoamérica, lo que requiere una atención especial de la ciencia y políticas adecuadas de los estados. Se realizó una investigación con el objetivo de desarrollar una revisión sistemática integrativa acerca de la ITS en poblaciones étnicas autóctonas latinoamericanas, siguiendo la metodología establecida por Mendes et al., cumpliendo con los criterios de calidad PRISMA. Las autoras procesaron información de 21 artículos científicos que cumplieron con los criterios de calidad del sesgo, los que abarcaron resultados empíricos de estudios desarrollados en entornos de 12 países latinoamericanos. Se concluyó que existen problemas psicosociales, socioculturales y de políticas públicas que inciden en esta problemática de salud.

Sexually transmitted infections are a public health problem that indigenous communities in Latin America do not escape. This issue requires special attention from science and appropriate policies from the states. This research aimed to develop an integrative systematic review about STIs in Latin American autochthonous ethnic populations, following the methodology establi-shed by Mendes et al., fulfilling with the PRISMA quality criteria. The authors processed infor-mation from 21 scientific articles that fulfilled the bias quality criteria, which included empirical results of studies carried out in settings of 12 Latin American countries. It was concluded that there were psychosocial, sociocultural and public policy problems that affect this health problem

Registro de la pertenencia étnica en el sistema de información de salud / Registration of ethnicity in the health information system

El presente documento es una guía para el reconocimiento y registro de la pertenencia étnica en el Certificado de Discapacidad. Variable recientemente incorporada en la actualización del HIS DSCAP WEB, versión 2.0